BS CS F22 Areeba Abdullah

LAB001

25 December,22

10PM

TASK 01:
HARDWARE DEVICES
Tangible components of the computer system are called
hardware devices.
 Monitor
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 RAM
 ROM
 Printer
 Motherboard
 Processor
 Microphones
 Hard disk

MONITOR: A monitor is an output device used to display data

on the screen either in textual or pictorial form. A discrete
monitor comprises a visual display, support electronics, power
supply, housing, electrical connectors and external user
controls. The screen of monitor comprises of pixels (dots per
inch). There are two types of monitors.
 A flat panel display (FPD) computer monitor
 A cathode ray tube (CRT) computer monitor
 Many monitors have other Many accessories integrated
such as camera, microphone or set of speakers.

KEYBOARD: A keyboard is an input device used to enter

textual data (alphabetic, numeric and special characters) into
the computer. A keyboard contains many mechanical switches
or push buttons called “keys”.
When one of these are pushed, an electrical circuit is closed and
the keyboard sends a signal to the computer that tells it what
letter, number or symbol it would like to be shown on the
screen. The computer then shows the character on the screen
usually at the place where the flashing text cursor is. Special
commands can also be activated through combination of keys
called keyboard shortcuts.

MOUSE: The mouse is a pointing device used to interact with

a computer that has a graphical user interface (GUI). It has two
buttons and a scroll wheel. Left click is used to select icons.
Right click is used to open a context menu. Scroll wheel is used
to move across the screen or to drag and drop data frequently
while copying or pasting data. It is also used to play games. The
“Classic Mac OS Desk Accessory Puzzle” in 1984 was the first
game designed specifically for a mouse.

RAM: RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is used to

store data temporarily. It is a volatile memory i.e. the data is
lost when the power is switched off. It is connected on the
motherboard. It is a read/write memory. It has two types: SRAM
and DRAM. It is available in different memory capacities such as
8GB,16GB etc.

ROM: ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is used to store

data permanently. It is a non-volatile memory i.e. , data is not
lost when the power is switched off. It is connected on the
motherboard. The data can only be read in this memory. Its
types are: PROM, EPROM and EEPROM.

PRINTER: A printer is an external output device that takes

the electronic data stored on a computer or other device and
generates a hard copy. Most commonly printers are connected
to the computer by USB cable(wired) or via Wi fi(wireless). They
might use ink or laser to print data on the paper depending on
the type of printer used. There are two types of printers:
 Impact printers
 Non-impact printer

MOTHERBOARD: A motherboard also called mainboard is

the main printed circuit board(PCB) with expansion capabilities
in general purpose computers and other expandable systems. It
holds and allows communication between many crucial electric
components of the system such as CPU, memory, interface
connectors etc. It includes CPU sockets, memory slots, slots for
expansion cards, connectors for drives etc. It is the mother of all
the components of the system.
PROCESSOR: A processor is an electrical circuitry that
performs operation and process the data to convert it into
useful information that can be used later. It performs arithmetic
and logical operations. It typically takes the form of a
microprocessor which can be implemented on a single metal
oxide semiconductor integrated circuit chip. This term is
frequently used to refer CPU in a system. It has two parts:
 ALU (Arithmetic & logical unit)
 CU (Control unit)

MICROPHONE: A microphone also called mic is a

transducer that converts sound into an electric signal. The
sensitive transducer element of a microphone is called its
element or capsule. Using diaphragm, the sound signals are
converted into mechanical motion which are further converted
to electrical signals. It is an input device.

HARD DISK: A hard disk drive is a magnetic storage medium

used to store data permanently. Whether we save a file or a
software, it is stored on hard disk. Hard disks have a hard platter
that holds the magnetic medium. HDD is also known as
secondary memory. Data is stored on a hard drive in binary
code. The information is spread out on the magnetic layer of
the disk and are read or written by the read heads floating on
the hard disk.
TASK 02:
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating system is a collection of programs that coordinates
the operations of computer hardware and software.
 Windows
 Linux
 Unix
 DOS
 Mac OS
 Android OS
 Ubuntu

WINDOWS vs LINUX

WINDOWS:
 It is a commercial operating system.
 It is less efficient.
 It is a cost software.
 It is insecure.
 It has high hardware cost.
 It is not customizable.
 A lot of programs run in the background and they eat
up the RAM.
LINUX:
 It is an open source operating system.
 It is more efficient.
  It is a free software.
 It is secure.
 It has low hardware cost.
 It has customizable features.
 It has organized file system.

iOS vs ANDROID

iOS:
 It was developed by Apple Incorporation.
 It was launched in 2007.
 It is specially designed for Apple I-phones and I-pads.
 Swift is majorly used for iOS application development.
 iOS has Siri as Voice Assistant.
 File transfer is easier.
 It runs on a closed source operating system.

ANDROID:
 It was developed by Google LLC.
 It was launched in 2008.
 It is designed for smartphones of all companies.
 Java is majorly used for Android application
development.
 Google has Google Assistance.
 File transfer is more difficult.
 It runs on an open source operating system.