LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE Grade 8

DISEASES RESULTING FROM NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

February 12, 2015

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. Compare the characteristics of a healthy and malnourished child;
B. Identify the food sources of the essential nutrients and its functions;
C. Determine the signs and symptoms and diseases resulting from
nutritional deficiencies;
D. Appreciate foods that are low-cost but with high nutritive value;
E. Construct worthwhile informational posters that will serve as an
awareness to the diseases presented

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

Topic: Diseases Resulting From Nutritional Deficiency

Reference: Practical Science Concepts and Skills; Science Learner’s
Module
Pages: 120-123; 314-315
Author: Luisito Evangelista
Materials: Visual Aids, Charts, Pictures and Illustrations, Chalk, Board,
Eraser
Values Integration: Giving importance to the scheme of a well- balanced
diet

III. PROCEDURE

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. PRELIMINARY ROUTINE
Good afternoon/morning class. Good afternoon/morning Ma’am.
Before we start, please arrange your
chairs and pick up the pieces of papers
or any dirt near you or under your chair.
Are we all ready? Yes, Ma’am.
Please stand everyone and let us pray. In the name of the Father…
Tina, kindly lead the Opening Prayer.
Alright, everyone, you may now take
your seat.
May I request the class monitor/ group
secretaries to please check the
attendance.
(The students will take a look and
B. MOTIVATION scrutinize the pictures.)
Before we start our lesson, I would like
you to take a look at these two pictures.
What can you say about them?
What can you say about this picture
(healthy child)?
How about this one (malnourished
child)?
 A healthy child at the center.
A malnourish child.
A person with hepatitis.
A person who manifest yellowish
skin discoloration.
A child with sore lips and tongue.

Very good. What do you notice with the The tire of the wheel consists of the
tire of the wheel? pictures of the people experiencing
diseases that result from lack of
foods and because of poisoning.
Therefore, this morning/ afternoon we
will discuss about the diseases resulting
from nutritional deficiency and ingestion
of harmful substances.
The person will be thin, pale,
What comes into your mind when the unable to perform activities, sickly
body’s nutritional needs are not
adequately met? I think I would be in panic. I will ask
for help for people to provide me
What do you think will happen if you with first aid or rush me to the
come to ingest certain harmful nearest hospital.
substances unknowingly? How would you
feel?

C. ACTIVITY
Let us have an activity:

Deficiency signs
Nutrients Food sources Role in the Body
& symptoms
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Vitamins and
Minerals

I will group you into three groups and

work on this activity.
On the 1st learning station, Group 1 will
label food sources.
On the 2nd learning station, Group 2 will
label the functions.
And on the 3rd learning station, Group 3
will label the deficiency signs and
symptoms. Yes, Ma’am.

Okay class. Are you ready?

Kindly proceed to your designated group,

I will give you 10 minutes to perform the Yes, Ma’am.
activity.
 Are you ready to present the activity?

Good! The first group will present their

work.

Very good! The second group will now

present their work.

Great! Finally, the third group will now

share their work.

Excellent! Now, let us give each group a

“Barangay Clap.”

D. ANALYSIS
Now, we will check if you got it all
correct.

Deficiency signs
Nutrients Food sources Role in the Body
& symptoms
Carbohydrates Bread, rice, wheat, ENERGY- GIVING Body weakness,
oats, corn, fruits Foods loss of stamina
potatoes, beans,
milk
Protein Meats, eggs, fish, BODY BUILDING Growth failure,
dairy Foods muscle wasting,
products(milk, thin limbs, wrinkled
yogurt and face
cheese), beans,
nuts
Fats Meat, fish, poultry, Can be used as Dry, scaly skin, dry
dairy products, energy and eyes, mouth &
olive oil, animal protects us from throat, excessive
products cold thirst, craves for
fats

Vitamins Green and yellow Fostering normal Skin that is prone

Vitamin A vegetables, egg vision and skin; to infection, night
(Carotene) yolk, milk, fish normal growth and blindness, stunted
proper growth, defective
development of reproduction
bones and teeth
Vitamin B1 Eggs, nuts, green Normal appetite Beriberi
(Thiamin) vegetables, meat. and functioning of
Soybeans, milk the nervous
system; muscles
and heart;
oxidation of foods
Vitamin B2 Meat, milk, fish, Healthy skin, Inflammation
(Riboflavin) eggs, liver, whole functioning of the (soreness and
grain, leafy eyes; oxidation of swelling) of the
vegetables foods tongue and lips
Vitamin B3 Tomatoes, Healthy skin; Pellagra
(Niacin) potatoes, meat, fish proper functioning
liver, eggs, whole of the nervous
grain, leafy system, stomach,
 vegetables intestines
Vitamin B12 Liver, kidney, fish, Normal action of Pernicious anemia
(Cobalamin) green vegetables the nervous and disorders of the
system, normal nervous system
blood formation
and growth
Vitamin C Citrus fruits, fresh For growth, Disease of the
(Ascorbic Acid) tomatoes, leafy strength of blood gums called scurvy
green vegetables vessels
development of
teeth, health of
gums
Vitamin D Milk, eggs, liver, For normal growth It can result to soft
(Calciferol) fish-liver oil and condition of bones called rickets
teeth and bones
Vitamin E Whole grain, meat, Normal production Problems on the
leafy vegetables; reproductive
milk, butter system
Vitamin K Leafy green Normal blood Hemorrhage in
vegetables, egg clotting minor wounds
yolk, milk

Minerals Dairy foods, green Building of bones Stunted growth,

leafy vegetables, and teeth, blood tooth decay, bone
fish, milk, eggs, clotting, conduction and muscle
poultry, liver, of nerve and weaknesses,
kidney, table salt, signals and acid- cramps, anemia,
drinking water base balance diarrhea,
dehydration

Your answers are all correct.

I have here the different diseases

caused by nutritional deficiency
based from your answers.

Nutrients Deficiency signs & symptoms Diseases

Carbohydrates Body weakness, loss of stamina
Protein Growth failure, muscle wasting,
thin limbs, wrinkled face
Fats Dry, scaly skin, dry eyes, mouth &
throat, excessive thirst, craves for
fats
Usage of fat as fuel;
ketosis; low blood sugars;
underweight; marasmus
Kwashiorkor; marasmus
Cardio-vascular diseases,
mental health conditions,
inflammatory conditions

Vitamins Skin that is prone to infection, Nyctalopia (night

Vitamin A night blindness, stunted growth, blindness)
(Carotene) defective reproduction
Vitamin B1 Loss of appetite, indigestion, Beriberi
(Thiamin) fatigue nerve irritability, heart
failure
Vitamin B2 Inflammation (soreness and Corneal vascularization,
(Riboflavin) swelling) of the tongue and lips glossitis, dermatitis,
cheilosis, anemia
Vitamin B3 Indigestion, canker sores, fatigue, Pellagra
(Niacin) vomiting, depression
Vitamin B12 Skin paleness, muscle weakness, Pernicious anemia and
(Cobalamin) change in intestinal color, fatigue, disorders of the nervous
chest pain system
Vitamin C Slow wound healing, bleeding, Disease of the gums
(Ascorbic Acid) failure to form connective tissue called scurvy
Vitamin D Defects in bone formation It can result to soft bones
(Calciferol) called rickets
Vitamin E Fragile red blood cells, muscular Problems in reproductive
(tocopherol) weakness system
Vitamin K Internal bleeding Hemorrhagic diseases

Minerals Stunted growth, tooth decay, bone

and muscle weaknesses, cramps,
anemia, diarrhea, dehydration

The following are other diseases of the

digestive system:
1. Colon and rectal cancer
2. Stomach cancer
3. Diarrhea
4. Heartburn
5. Hepatitis
6. Stomach and duodenal ulcer

The following are other diseases that

result from ingestion of harmful
substances:

1. Chemical Poisoning. This is

caused by ingestion, inhalation, or
absorption of harmful substances
by the body. These chemicals can
cause damage to the cells and
Lead.
organs, affecting the whole body Mercury.
systems. Gas.

Can you cite the common chemicals that

can cause poisoning?
Alright. You got it right. The two most
common harmful chemicals are the
mercury and lead. What do you think can
be the possible symptoms when you
have ingested these harmful chemicals?
The answers of yours were all correct. It
can cause headaches, nausea, vomiting
and memory loss.
It can cause headache.
It can manifest vomiting.
Maybe it can deteriorate brain
functions?
Group 1. It is very significant to be
familiarized with the essential
nutrients that our body needs. So
that, we can prevent such diseases.

GROUP 2. We became aware of the

E. ABSTRACTION
diseases, so that, we can
Upon knowing all these information
disseminate this in our school, at
about nutritional deficiencies and the
our homes and in the community.
ingestion of harmful substances, can you
 pause for a moment and reflect with the Group 3.
consequences of an unhealthy diet and
improper labeling and storage of harmful
substances. At least 1 to share every
group?

Thank you.
With all these remarkable realizations of Answer: Chemical Poisoning
yours, I will let you construct an
Answer: Rickets
informational poster regarding the
diseases that we have mentioned so that
other students, teachers and parents of Answer: Fats
this school will be aware of the necessary
group of foods to be eaten.
Answer: headaches, nausea,
F. APPLICATION vomiting, memory loss

Write the correct answer: Answer: Hemorrhage/ bleeding

1. It is caused by the ingestion, Answer: Protein

inhalation, or absorption of harmful
Answer: Meat, fish, eggs
substances by the body.
2. It is the disease that is caused by
deficiency in vitamin D manifested by
soft bones and bone deformation.
3. It is the nutrient that can be used as
energy and can protect the human
body from cold season.
4. Give me the four symptoms when a
person have ingested/ inhaled
harmful substances/ pollutants.
5. What can be the manifestation of a
person if he is lacking vitamin D in his
diet?
6. This nutrient is essential in building
muscles for growth.
7. Give at least 3 foods that are rich in
protein?

IV. EVALUATION

Find out by accomplishing the scoring rubric honestly and sincerely.

 V. ASSIGNMENT/ AGREEMENT
1. Read on how to prevent, detect and treat the diseases that result from
nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful substances.
2. Cite ways on how to prevent, detect and treat those diseases.

Reference: Practical Science Concepts and Skills

Pages: 117-120

Prepared by:

KATHY CLAIRE P. BALLEGA

LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE Grade 8

DISEASES RESULTING FROM NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY AND
INGESTION OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
February 12, 2015

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. identify diseases brought by nutritional deficiency and
ingestion of harmful diseases
2. explain how nutritional deficiency and ingestion of harmful
substances results from diseases
3. construct health information poster that will serve as an
awareness to the diseases caused by nutritional deficiency
and ingestion of harmful substances

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

 TOPIC: Diseases Resulting from Nutritional Deficiency and Ingestion
of harmful substances
REFERENCE: Practical Science Concepts and Skills; Science
Learner’s Module
Pages: 120-123; 314-315
AUTHOR: Luisito Evangelista
MATERIALS: Visual Aids, Charts, Pictures and Illustrations, chalk,
board, eraser
VALUES INTEGRATION: Giving importance to the scheme of a
well- balanced diet.

III. LEARNING TASKS:

A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES:
 Greetings
 Opening prayer
 Checking of attendance
 Checking of assignment
 Recall
B. UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES:
 Disease- an impairment of the normal state of the living body.
 Nutritional deficiency- occurs when the body doesn’t absorb
the necessary amount of a nutrient.
 Ingestion- the taking of material into the digestive system
 Harmful substances- a chemical that causes one to become
sick.

C. MOTIVATION:
Present the “ WHEEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS” to the class. Let
them analyze the pictures on the wheel.

D. ACTIVITY:
Divide the class into five groups and fill in the table with the needed
data.
DISEASES SIGNS AND NUTRIENT
SYMPTOMS DEFICIENCY
1. Kwashiorkor Body weakness
2. marasmus Protein
3. nyctalopia Night blindness
4. beri-beri Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
5. swelling in the
tongue
6. pellagra Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
7. Pernicious Pale skin
Anemia
8. Spongy and bleeding
gums
9. rickets Vitamin D (Calciferol)
10. Hemorrhag Bleeding in wounds
e
 Nausea, vomiting, Ingestion of harmful
headache substances such as
lead, mercury.

E. ANALYSIS:

Lead the learners to the discussion on the different diseases, its

signs and symptoms and how nutritional deficiency and ingestion of
harmful substances affects one’s health. Thoroughly discuss also the
importance of healthy lifestyle and proper diet.

E. ABSTRACTION:
Let the students reflect on the consequences of an unhealthy
diet and improper labeling and storage of harmful substances.

F. APPLICATION:
Have the students construct a health information poster that will
serve as awareness to the diseases caused by nutritional deficiency
and ingestion of harmful substances.

IV. EVALUATION:
Identify what is being asked by the following statements. White
your answer on a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. It is a disease caused by deficiency in vitamin D manifested
by soft bones and bone deformation.
2. It is caused by the ingestion, inhalation or absorption of
harmful substances by the body.
3. Lack of ___________ in one’s diet likely results to nyctopia.
4. A ____________that lacks essential nutrients generally causes
nutritional deficiencies.
5. A disease characterized by a blush coloration of the skin (seen
on hands, feet, lips).

V. AGREEMENT:
1. Cite ways on how to detect and treat diseases resulting from
nutritional deficiency.

Reference:

Practical Science Concepts and

Skills
Pages: 117-120

Prepared by:

KATHY CLAIRE P. BALLEGA

 DISEASES SIGNS AND NUTRIENT
SYMPTOMS DEFICIENCY
1. Kwashiorkor Body weakness Carbohydrate
2. marasmus Severe muscle Protein
wasting
3. nyctalopia Night blindness Vitamin A
4. beri-beri Blush coloration of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
the skin (seen on
hands, feet, lips)
5. glossitis swelling in the Vitamin B2
tongue (Riboflavin)
6. pellagra thick, scaly Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
pigmented rash on
skin exposed to
 sunlight
7. Pernicious Pale skin Vitamin B12
Anemia (Cobalamin)
8. scurvy Spongy and bleeding Vitamin C (Ascorbic
gums Acid)
9. rickets Skeletal deformities Vitamin D (Calciferol)
10. Hemorrhag Bleeding in wounds Vitamin K
e (Phytomenadione)
11. Chemical Nausea, vomiting, Ingestion of harmful
poisoning headache substances such as
lead, mercury.

UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES:
 Disease- an impairment of the normal state of the living body.
 Nutritional deficiency- occurs when the body doesn’t absorb
the necessary amount of a nutrient.
 Ingestion- the taking of material into the digestive system
 Harmful substances- a chemical that causes one to become
sick.