ACI 318-14 RC Shear Wall Design - Short Walls PDF

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Date 06/14/20 Company Website
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PROPORTIONING AND DETAILING OF SHEAR WALLS - SHORT ASPECT RATIOS
ACI 318-14 CHAPTER 18 : SPECIAL STRUCTURAL WALLS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
SAMPLE PROJECT, ANYTOWN - SEISMIC DESIGN
Wall Orientation : N-S N-S Gridline: C Floor Level : 1

W-E Gridline: 2-3
RC Special Shear Wall - Short Apect Ratios

2
Wall Thickness (feet)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Wall Length (feet)
1. Shear Wall Parameters
Wall Dimensions: Wall Loads:

tw = 18.00 inches (Wall Thickness) Pu = 950 Kips
Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length) Note: Hw / Lw = 1.94 Vu = 1,974 Kips
Hw = 70.00 feet (Wall Height) => Wall is Short - has Aspect Ratio <= 2 Mu = 102,852 Kip-ft
Hu = 11.67 feet (Max unsupported Wall Height)
Wall Reinforcement: Design displacement of wall:

n= 2 (number of bar curtains) δu = 9.00 inches
Bar Size = 6 (Bar number) => Ab = 0.44 in2 (Bar Area)

db = 0.75 inches (Bar Diameter)
Sh = 10.00 inches (Horizontal wall reinforcement - vertical spacing) Short RC Wall - Boundary Element
Sv = 10.00 inches (Vertical wall reinforcement - horizontal spacing) 2
Minimum concrete coverage:

dcx = 2.00 inches OK, ≥ dc

dcy = 1.50 inches OK, ≥ dc
dc = 1.50 inches (ACI 318-14 Table 20.6.1.3.1, Walls using No. 14 and 18 bars) 1
= 0.75 inches ( " , Walls using No. 11 bars and smaller)
Capacity Factors : ɸb = 0.90 (Tension-controlled; Table 21.2.2)
ɸv = 0.75 (Shear; Table 21.2.1)

0
Concrete : f'c = 5.00 Ksi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Wall Length (feet)
ρc = 0.150 kip/ft3 => NWC (Normal vs Light Weight Concrete, ACI
2.2; threshold is 0.115 kcf)
=> λ= 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 19.2.4.2; λ = 0.85 for Sand-LWC, 0.75 for all other LWC, 1.0 otherwise)
εc = 0.003 (ACI 318-14 Sect 22.2.2.1; Maximum strain in concrete
for ultimate load condition under combined flexure and axial load)
εt = 0.005 (ACI 318-14 Table 21.2.2; for Tension Controlled sections)
Reinforcement: fy = 60.0 Ksi

Es = 29,000 Ksi
Boundary Elements:
Note: These are defined once for one side, mirrowed on the other side.
Se = 4.50 inches (boundary reinforcement spacing)
Lbe = 43.64 inches (Length of boundary element, EA side)
Boundary Element Flexural Reinforcement

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. Bars 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Note: Nmax = 7 No. Bars/Row
Bar Size 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 NR = 10 No. Rows
db (in) 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 Nx = 5 (Number of Stirrup or Hoop Legs in X direction)
2
Ab (in ) 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 Ny = 2 (Number of Stirrup or Hoop Legs in Y direction)
As (in2) 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81
Note: It is assumed that SBE rebar are laterally supported
Hoop Size: 4 (Bar number) => Av = 0.20 in2 (Hoop Area) every other bar in both orthogonal directions, as wall is
dh = dv = 0.50 inches (Hoop Diameter) not expected to see significant axial compression due
to small aspect ratio of Short Wall.
Confinement Spacing - at SBE:
Sinput = 3.00 inches (Hoop spacing; leave blank for Smax to be used per section 4c)
Note: Smax = 4.50 inches
Confinement Spacing - at Wall:

S= 3.50 inches (Hoop spacing; leave blank for Smax to be used per section 4d)
1 of 9 Short Shear Wall Design ACI 318-14 RC Shear Wall Design.xls 6/14/2020
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2. Minimum Wall Reinforcing Requirements

a) Critical section for shear
0.5
Note: Per ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.2.2, at least two curtains of reinforcement shall be used in a wall if Vu exceeds 2 Acv f'c or Hw / Lw > 2.0
0.5
Vlim = 2 Acv λ f'c Where Acv = Lw tw and Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length)
= 432 inches
tw = 18.00 inches (Wall Thickness)
2
Acv = 7,776 in Short RC Wall - Boundary Element
λ= 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 19.2.4.2; λ = 0.85 for Sand-LWC, 0.75 for all other LWC, 1.0 otherwise) 2
f'c = 5.00 Ksi
Vlim = 1,100 kips Note: Vu = 1,974 Kips
NG

Need at least 2 curtains
b) Upper limit on shear strength (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.4.4)
1
0.5
Vlim = ɸ 8 Acv f'c Where ɸ = 0.75 (Shear; Table 21.2.1)
Acv = 7,776 in2
f'c = 5.00 Ksi
Vlim = 3,299 kips Note: Vu = 1,974 Kips
OK, > Vu
0
c) Required wall reinforcement 0 1 2 3 4
Wall Length (feet)

Note: Per ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.2.1, wall reinforcement shall have the following limits: ρmin = 0.0025
Smax = 18.00 inches
Ash ≥ Amin Where Ash = n Ab 12" / Sh and n = 2 (number of bar curtains)
Ab = 0.44 in2 (Bar Area)
Sh = 10.00 inches (Horizontal wall reinforcement - vertical spacing)
OK
Asv = 1.06 in2
Amin = ρmin tw Ls ρmin = 0.0025

Ls = 12.00 inches (Wall segment)
Amin = 0.54 in2
OK
d) Requirements for Shear (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.4.1)
ɸ Vn = ɸ Acv [αc λ f'c0.5 + ρt f y] (18.10.4.1) Where ɸv = 0.75 (Shear; Table 21.2.1)
Acv = 7,776 in2
λ= 1.00 (Normal vs Light Weight Concrete, ACI 2.2; threshold is 0.115 kcf)
αc = 3.0 for Hw / Lw ≤ 1.5
= 2.0 for Hw / Lw ≥ 2.0

and Hw = 70.00 feet (Wall Height)
Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length)
Hw / Lw = 1.94
αc = 2.11
f'c = 5.00 Ksi
ρt = Asv / (tw Ls) for Asv = 1.056 in2
ρt = 0.0049
OK
fy = 60.0 Ksi
ɸ Vn = 2,581 Kips Note: Vu = 1,974 Kips Note : D/C Ratio = 0.76 (Shear)
OK, > Vu
Use 2 curtains of No. 6 Horizontal bars at 10.00 inches on-center.
e) Vertical Reinforcement (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.4.3)
ρl ≥ ρt for Hw / Lw < 2.0 Where Hw / Lw = 1.94
= ρmin otherwise
ρt = 0.0049
ρmin = 0.0025 (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.2.1) and Smax = 18.00 inches
=> ρl = 0.0049
Asv = n Ab 12" / Sv and n = 2 (number of rows of bars)
2
Ab = 0.44 in (Bar Area)
Sv = 10.00 inches (Vertical wall reinforcement - horizontal spacing)
OK
Ash = 1.06 in2
ρt = Ash / ( tw Ls ) for Asv = 1.056 in2

ρt = 0.0049
OK
Use 2 curtains of No. 6 Vertical bars at 10.00 inches on-center.
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3. Wall Strain Compatibility Analysis
a) Required Nominal Axial and Flexural Capacities

Note: Assume wall is tension controlled per ACI 318-14 Table 21.2.2;
Pn = Pu / ɸ Where ɸ = 0.90 Mn = Mu / ɸ Where Mu = 102,852 Kip-ft
Pu = 950 Kips
Pn = 1,056 kips Mn = 114,280 Kip-ft
= 1,371,360 Kip-in
b) Resulting Concrete and Steel Strains
RC Wall
i) Concrete Strains Steel Strains and Stresses in Wall
εc = 0.003 (ACI 318-14 Sect 22.2.2.1; Maximum strain in concrete

2
ii) Steel Strain - at yield 1
Wall Thickness (inches)

εsy = f y / E Where f y = 60.0 ksi 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
E = 29,000 Ksi (Reinforcement Modulus of Elasticity) -1
εsy = 0.00207 (Steel Strain at Yield) -2
-3
iii) Steel Strain - Maximum
-4
εmax = εc * (Lw - c)/c Where εc = 0.003
-5
Lw = 36.00 feet
-6
= 432 inches
Wall Length (feet)
c= 55.50 inches (assumed depth to Neutral Axis)
εmax = 0.0204 (Maximum Steel Strain at Nominal Strength) Note: εt = 0.005 for Tension Controlled sections (ACI 318-14 Table 21.2.2)
OK, Section is Tension-Controlled and ɸ = 0.90
iv) Wall Strain - Summary

Strain Location
Strain
(in/in) (inches)
εc 0.00300 0.00
εsy 0.00207 38.28 Note: Ly = c * εs/εc (Location of yield stress in wall)
εmax 0.02035 432.00
c) Assumed Depth of Neutral Axis, Resulting Concrete Stress Block, and Concrete Force Cc
RC Wall
C= 55.50 inches (assumed depth to Neutral Axis) Force Distribution in Wall
2
i) Resulting Concrete Stress Block (ACI 318-14 Table 22.2.2.4.3)
a= c * β1 Where β1 = Compression zone factor and f'c = 5.00 ksi 1
0.85 for 2.5 ksi <= f'c <= 4.0 ksi

Wall Thickness (inches)
= 0
and reduced linearly by 0.05 for each 1.0 ksi in excess of 4.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
ksi, but not less than 0.65; -1
β1 = 0.80
-2
a= 44.40 inches (Depth of Equivalent Stress Block)

-3
ii) Force in Concrete Stress Block -4
Cc = 0.85 f'c ( a tw - A's) Where a = 44.40 inches (Depth of Equivalent Stress Block)
-5
f'c = 5.00 ksi
-6
Wall Length (feet)
2
A's = 30.48 (Σ A's within Compression Stress Block, from stress-
in
strain analysis of wall)
Cc = 3,267 kips (Compressive Force from Stress Block)
d) Resulting Forces in Reinforcement Bars

F = e As E εc / c Where e = Distance of bar from Neutral Axis, determined in following table;
As = Reinforcement Area, determined in following table;
E = 29,000 Ksi (Reinforcement Modulus of Elasticity)
εc = 0.003
c= 55.50 inches (assumed depth to Neutral Axis)
<= f max = f y * As for f y = 60.00 ksi
Fmax = 60.00 * As Kips (Max Steel Force)
F= 1.57 * e * As Kips
e) Nominal Moment Capacity

Wall Parameter Summary: C= 55.50 inches (assumed depth to Neutral Axis)
Sv = 10.00 inches (bar spacing - Vertical wall reinforcement))
Note: Sx = spacing for actual placement of bar
= L'w / Ns Where L'w = Lw - 2 Lbe and Lw = 36.00 feet
= 432.00 inches
Lbe = 43.64 inches (length of boundary length element, EA side)
L'w = 344.7 inches
Ns = Minimum required number of spaces for required reinforcement
= Ceiling (L'w / Sv) and L'w = 344.73 inches
Sv = 10.00 inches (bar spacing - Vertical wall reinforcement))
= Ceiling (34.47,1)
Ns = 35 Spaces
Sx = 9.85 inches
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εx = εc * (C - x)/C (Reinforcement Bar Strain) Where εc = 0.003 (ACI 318-14 Sect 22.2.2.1; Maximum strain in concrete
e= C-x (Bar distance from Neutral Axis)
r= 0.5 Lw - x (Bar distance from Wall centroid)
Reinforcement Distances Bar Info Forces Short RC Wall - Boundary Element

from 2
Bar Row ∆X Σ ∆X No. Bar Area Bar e Comp. Tension r r*F
Edge Bar Size
Number (inches) (inches) Bars (in2) Strain (inches) (kips) (kips) (inches) (Kip-in)
(inches)
a* - 55.50 - - - 0.00300 22.20 3,267 - 193.80 633,156

C1 3.14 3.14 3 10 3.81 0.00283 52.37 229 212.87 48,661
C2 4.50 7.64 3 10 3.81 0.00259 47.87 229 208.37 47,632
C3 4.50 12.14 3 10 3.81 0.00234 43.37 229 203.87 46,604 1
C4 4.50 16.64 3 10 3.81 0.00210 38.87 229 199.37 45,575
C5 4.50 21.14 3 10 3.81 0.00186 34.37 205 194.87 39,995
C6 4.50 25.64 3 10 3.81 0.00161 29.87 178 190.37 33,955
C7 4.50 30.14 3 10 3.81 0.00137 25.37 151 185.87 28,157
C8 4.50 34.64 3 10 3.81 0.00113 20.87 125 181.37 22,601
0
C9 4.50 39.14 3 10 3.81 0.00088 16.37 98 176.87 17,287
0 1 2 3 4 5
C10 4.50 43.64 3 10 3.81 0.00064 11.87 71 172.37 12,214
Wall Length (feet)
C11 4.92 48.56 2 6 0.88 0.00038 6.94 10 167.44 1,603
T12 9.85 58.41 2 6 0.88 -0.00016 -2.91 -4 157.59 -632
T13 9.85 68.26 2 6 0.88 -0.00069 -12.76 -18 147.74 -2,600
T14 9.85 78.11 2 6 0.88 -0.00122 -22.61 -31 137.89 -4,300
T15 9.85 87.96 2 6 0.88 -0.00175 -32.46 -45 128.04 -5,733
T16 9.85 97.81 2 6 0.88 -0.00229 -42.31 -53 118.19 -6,241
T17 9.85 107.66 2 6 0.88 -0.00282 -52.16 -53 108.34 -5,721
T18 9.85 117.51 2 6 0.88 -0.00335 -62.01 -53 98.49 -5,200
T19 9.85 127.36 2 6 0.88 -0.00388 -71.86 -53 88.64 -4,680
T20 9.85 137.20 2 6 0.88 -0.00442 -81.70 -53 78.80 -4,160
T21 9.85 147.05 2 6 0.88 -0.00495 -91.55 -53 68.95 -3,640
T22 9.85 156.90 2 6 0.88 -0.00548 -101.40 -53 59.10 -3,120
T23 9.85 166.75 2 6 0.88 -0.00601 -111.25 -53 49.25 -2,600
T24 9.85 176.60 2 6 0.88 -0.00655 -121.10 -53 39.40 -2,080
T25 9.85 186.45 2 6 0.88 -0.00708 -130.95 -53 29.55 -1,560
T26 9.85 196.30 2 6 0.88 -0.00761 -140.80 -53 19.70 -1,040
T27 9.85 206.15 2 6 0.88 -0.00814 -150.65 -53 9.85 -520
T28 9.85 216.00 2 6 0.88 -0.00868 -160.50 -53 0.00 0
T29 9.85 225.85 2 6 0.88 -0.00921 -170.35 -53 -9.85 520
T30 9.85 235.70 2 6 0.88 -0.00974 -180.20 -53 -19.70 1,040
T31 9.85 245.55 2 6 0.88 -0.01027 -190.05 -53 -29.55 1,560
T32 9.85 255.40 2 6 0.88 -0.01081 -199.90 -53 -39.40 2,080
T33 9.85 265.25 2 6 0.88 -0.01134 -209.75 -53 -49.25 2,600
T34 9.85 275.10 2 6 0.88 -0.01187 -219.60 -53 -59.10 3,120
T35 9.85 284.95 2 6 0.88 -0.01240 -229.45 -53 -68.95 3,640
T36 9.85 294.80 2 6 0.88 -0.01293 -239.30 -53 -78.80 4,160
T37 9.85 304.64 2 6 0.88 -0.01347 -249.14 -53 -88.64 4,680
T38 9.85 314.49 2 6 0.88 -0.01400 -258.99 -53 -98.49 5,200
T39 9.85 324.34 2 6 0.88 -0.01453 -268.84 -53 -108.34 5,721
T40 9.85 334.19 2 6 0.88 -0.01506 -278.69 -53 -118.19 6,241
T41 9.85 344.04 2 6 0.88 -0.01560 -288.54 -53 -128.04 6,761
T42 9.85 353.89 2 6 0.88 -0.01613 -298.39 -53 -137.89 7,281
T43 9.85 363.74 2 6 0.88 -0.01666 -308.24 -53 -147.74 7,801
T44 9.85 373.59 2 6 0.88 -0.01719 -318.09 -53 -157.59 8,321
T45 9.85 383.44 2 6 0.88 -0.01773 -327.94 -53 -167.44 8,841
T46 4.92 388.37 3 10 3.81 -0.01799 -332.87 -229 -172.37 39,403
T47 4.50 392.87 3 10 3.81 -0.01824 -337.37 -229 -176.87 40,431
T48 4.50 397.37 3 10 3.81 -0.01848 -341.87 -229 -181.37 41,460
T49 4.50 401.87 3 10 3.81 -0.01872 -346.37 -229 -185.87 42,489
T50 4.50 406.37 3 10 3.81 -0.01897 -350.87 -229 -190.37 43,517
T51 4.50 410.87 3 10 3.81 -0.01921 -355.37 -229 -194.87 44,546
T52 4.50 415.37 3 10 3.81 -0.01945 -359.87 -229 -199.37 45,575
T53 4.50 419.87 3 10 3.81 -0.01970 -364.37 -229 -203.87 46,604
T54 4.50 424.37 3 10 3.81 -0.01994 -368.87 -229 -208.37 47,632
T55 4.50 428.87 3 10 3.81 -0.02018 -373.37 -229 -212.87 48,661
RC Shear Wall - Short Apect Ratios
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Wall Length (feet)
ΣF= 5,019 -3,968 Σ r F = 1,443,494 kip-in

* Concrete Stress Block ∆ F = Pn = 1,052 kips = 120,291 kip-ft
Note: Pn = 1,056 kip-ft (Required Wall Axial Capacity)
∆ Pn = 4 kips (Iteration difference)

= 0.36 % difference Note: Acceptable Converegence: 1.00 % difference, or
OK : 10.00 Kips
Resulting Wall Nominal Moment Capacity:
Mn = 120,291 kip-ft
Note: Mnr = 114,280 kip-ft (Required Wall Flexural Capacity)

OK, Mn > Mnr
Flexural Wall Strength is Adequate Note : D/C Ratio = 0.95 (Flexure)
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4. Special Boundary Element Requirements

a) Requirement for Special Boundary Walls (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.6.3)
σ= Pc / Abe ≤ 0.2 f'c Where Pc = 3,267 Kips (Compression Force in Concrete Stress Block)
Abe = a tw for a = 44.40 inches (Depth of Equivalent Stress Block)
Abe = 799.2 in2
0.2 f'c = 1.00 Ksi for f'c = 5.00 ksi Short RC Wall - Boundary Element
σ= 4.09 Ksi 2
NG, need Special Boundary Elements!
b) Requirements for Special Boundary Walls (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.6.2, 18.10.6.3)
i) Minimum Length and Width of Boundary Element (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.6.4 (a) and (b) )

Lbe = Max (C - Lw/10, C/2) (a) Where C = 55.50 inches (depth to Neutral Axis)
Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length)
1
= Max (12.30,27.75) = 432 inches
Lbe = 27.75 inches (length of boundary element from extreme compression fiber)
bMIN = tw = 18.00 ≥ Hu /16 = 8.75 inches for Hu = 11.67 feet (Max unsupported Wall Height)
OK
c) Special Boundary Element Transverse Reinforcement
i) Confinement of Boundary Elements (ACI 318-14 Sections 18.10.6.4(e), 18.7.5.3)
0
Smax = Min (Lbe/3, W be/4, 6 db, So) Where Lbe = 43.64 inches 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
W be = tw = 18.00 inches Wall Length (feet)
db = 1.27 inches (Longitudinal bars)

So = 4 + (14 - hx)/3 < 6.0" (18.7.5.3) and hx = Horizontal spacing on center of cross ties or legs (18.7.5.2(e))
> 4.0 " = Max (Slx, Sly) + db + dv < 14.0 inches or 2/3 W be = MIN (14.0, 2/3 x 18.0) = 12.0 inches
for Slx = (Lbe - 2 dc - 2 dv - db) / (Nbx -1) and Lbe = 43.64 inches
Sly = (W be - 2 dc - 2 dv - db) / (Nby -1) W be = 18.00 inches
dc = 1.50 inches (Concrete cover, adjusted)
dv = 0.50 inches for No. 4 hoops
db = 1.27 inches for No. 10 bars
Nbx = 10 (Number of bars - x direction)
Nby = 3 (Number of bars - y direction)
Slx = 4.26 inches (Spacing between bars - x direction)
Sly = 6.37 inches (Spacing between bars - y direction)
= Min (43.64/3, 18.00/4, 6 * 1.27, 5.96) = Min [ 12.0, Max (4.26, 6.37 ) + 1.27+ 0.50 ]
= Min (14.55, 4.50, 7.62, 5.96) hx = 8.14 inches
So = 5.96 inches
Smax = 4.50 inches
ii) Required Hoop Cross-sectional Area (ACI 318-14 Table 18.10.6.4(f) )
Ash ≥ 0.30 Smax bc (Ag/Ach - 1) f'c/f y (a)
≥ 0.09 S'max bc f'c/f y (b) Where S'max = Min (Lbe/3, W be/3, Smax, Sinput) for Lbe = 43.64 inches and Smax = 4.50 inches
W be = tw = 18.00 inches Sinput = 3.00 inches
= Min (14.55, 6.00, 4.50, 3.00)
S'max = 3.00 inches
bc = Min (Lbe, W be) - 2 (dc + dv/2) for Lbe = 43.64 inches and dc = 1.50 inches (Minimum concrete coverage)
W be = tw = 18.00 inches dv = 0.50 inches for No. 4 bars
bc = 14.50 inches ( Cross-sectional dimension of column core, measured center-to-center of confining reinforcement )
Ag = Lbe W be for Lbe = 43.64 inches
W be = tw = 18.00 inches
Ag = 785 in2
Ach = (Lbe - 2 dcx) (W be - 2 dcy) for Lbe = 43.64 inches and dcx = 2.00 inches
W be = tw = 18.00 inches dcy = 1.50 inches
= Max ( 0.35, 0.33 ) Ach = 595 in2 ( Core area of column section, measured outside-to-outside of transverse reinforcement )
f'c = 5.00 Ksi
fy = 60.0 Ksi
2
Ash = 0.35 in
iii) Hoop Cross-sectional Area Provided
Acs = Min (Nx, Ny) Av Where Nx = 5 (Number of Stirrup or Hoop Legs in X direction)
Ny = 2 (Number of Stirrup or Hoop Legs in Y direction)
Av = 0.20 in2 (Hoop/stirrup Area)
Acs = 0.40 in2

OK > Ash
Use No. 4 hoops and stirrups at 3.00 inches on-center at Boundary Element
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d) Wall Web Reinforcement

Note: Wall Reinforcement specified:
n= 2 (number of bar curtains)
Short RC Wall - Boundary Element
2 2
Bar Size = 6 (Bar number) => Ab = 0.44 in (Bar Area)

1
i) Length of Special Boundary Element used
Note: Lbe,min = 27.75 inches (min length of boundary reinforcement, shown on diagram)
=> Lsbe = 63.33 inches (Distance to next bar CL beyond Neutral Axis
ii) Confinement of Boundary Elements (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.7.5.3) 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Smax = Min ( L'sbe/3, 6 db, So ) Wall Length (feet)
Where L'sbe = Lsbe - Lbe ≥ Lbe for Lsbe = 63.33 inches

= 0 otherwise Lbe = 43.64 inches
L'be = 19.70 inches
db = 0.75 inches
So = 4 + (14 - hx)/3 < 6.0" (18.7.5.3) and hx = Horizontal spacing on center of cross ties or legs (18.7.5.2(e))
> 4.0 " = Max (Slx, Sly) + db + dv < 14.0 inches or 2/3 tw = MIN (14.0, 2/3 x 18.0) = 12.0 inches for tw = 18.00 inches (Wall Thickness)
for Slx = Sv and Sv = 10.00 inches (Vertical wall reinforcement - horizontal spacing)
Slx = 10.00 inches (Spacing between bars - x direction)
Sly = Transverse distance between wall vertical bars
= 13.25 inches (as determined from geometry)
= Min (12.0, Max (10.00,13.25 ) + 0.75+ 0.50)
= Min (12.0 14.50)
hx = 12.00 inches
So = 4.67 inches
= Min (19.70 / 3, 6 * 0.75, 4.67)
= Min (6.57, 4.50, 4.67)
Smax = 4.50 inches
ii) Required Hoop Cross-sectional Area (ACI 318-14 Table 18.10.6.4(f) )
Ash ≥ 0.30 Smax bc (Ag/Ach - 1) f'c/f y (a)
≥ 0.09 S'max bc f'c/f y (b)
iia) Confinement Parallel to Wall Where S'max = 3.50 inches (Input Value or Smax)
bc = Cross-sectional dimension of column core, measured center-to-center of confining reinforcement.

= tw - 2 dc - db for tw = 18.00 inches
dc = 1.50 inches (Minimum concrete coverage)
db = 0.75 inches for No. 6
bc = 14.25 inches
Ag = L'sbe tw for L'sbe = 19.70 inches
Ag = 355 in2
Ach = Core area of column section, measured outside-to-outside of transv. reinforcement.
= ( L'sbe - dcx ) ( tw - 2 dcy ) for L'sbe = 19.70 inches
tw = 18.00 inches
dcx = 2.00 inches
dcy = 1.50 inches
= Max ( 0.42, 0.37 ) Ach = 265 in2

f'c = 5.00 Ksi
fy = 60.0 Ksi
2
Ash = 0.42 in
iib) Confinement Perpendicular to Wall Where S = 3.50 inches (Input Value or Smax)
bc = L'be for L'be = 19.70 inches

bc = 19.70 inches
Ag = 355 in2
= Max ( 0.58, 0.52 ) Ach = 265 in2
f'c = 5.00 Ksi
fy = 60.0 Ksi
2
Ash = 0.58 in
iii) Hoop Cross-sectional Area Provided
Acs = Nvx Av Where Nvx = 3 (Number of Stirrups in X direction)
Av = 0.20 in2 (Hoop/stirrup Area)
Acs = 0.60 in2

OK > Ash
Use No. 4 hoops and stirrups at 3.50 inches on-center in Wall segment, which extend a
distance of 20.00 inches beyond the Face of the Boundary Element.
Special Boundary Element Requirements are Satisfied.
Sheet _____ of ______
NBSD-Software.Com
iv) Required Extent of Boundary Element Reinforcement

Note: Per ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.6.5(a), the transverse reinforcement of the Special Boundary Elements shall extend vertically from the critical section a minimum distance of Hmin, as follows:
Hmin = Max ( Lw, Mu / 4 Vu) Where Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length)
Mu = 102,852 Kip-ft
= Max (36.00, 13.03) Vu = 1,974 Kips
Hmin = 36.00 feet
v) Maximum Spacing Required for transverse reinforcement beyond SBE (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.6.5(a))
Smax = Max (6", 6 db) for db = 0.75 inches for No. 6
Smax = 6.00 inches
SBE elements are required to a height of 36.00 above the foundation; above that level, spacing of hoops and ties shall
be reduced to 6.00 inches on-center remainder of wall height.
vi) Check Horizontal bars anchorage requirements (ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.6.5(b) )
Vu < Acv λ f'c0.5 Where Vu = 1,974 kips (wall shear demand)
Acv λ f'c0.5 = 550 kips and Acv = Lw tw and Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length)
= 432.0 inches
tw = 18.00 inches (wall thickness)
Acv = 7,776 in2
λ= 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 19.2.4.2; λ = 0.85 for Sand-LWC, 0.75 for all other LWC, 1.0 otherwise)
Note : Vu > Vcap, f'c = 5.00 ksi
thus Horizontal bars must be anchored into Boundary Element, as follows:
- Horizontal Reinforcement shall be anchored at end of wall w/ standard hook engaging edge reinforcement;
- alternatively, end reinforcement may be developed within SBE stirrups and confined core.
Sheet _____ of ______
NBSD-Software.Com
5. Required Development and Splice Lengths

Note: The development lengths and lap splices are provided assuming that all bars may be spliced at any one location. In the event shorter development and lap splice lengths are desired by
staggering bar laps or splices, ACI 12.2.3 shall be used.
5A. Lap Splices of Boundary Element Vertical Bars

Notes: 1. Per ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.2.3, reinforcement in structural walls shall be developed or spliced at locations where yielding of longitudinal reinforcement is likely to occur as a result of lateral displacements;
development of longitudinal reinforcement shall be 1.25 times the values calculated for f y in tension.
2. Class B splices (1.3 ld) shall be used per ACI 318-14 Table 25.5.2.1 for walls where 50% or less of the total reinforcement are spliced within the required lap length.
l'd = 1.3 ld Where ld = Flexural reinforcement development length (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2) and d'c = dc + dv Where dc = 1.50 inches (Concrete cover, adjusted)
dv = 0.50 inches (Stirrup diameter)
d'c = 2.00 inches (Clear cover to bar being developed)
ds = S - db Where S = 4.50 inches (Bar spacing provided)
ds = 3.23 inches (Clear spacing provided)
Provided
Upper Limit Lower Limit
(inches)
db = 1.27 inches 2 db = 2.54 inches Note: ld is determined from ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2, not Section 25.4.2.3.
Clear Cover 2.00
OK NG
2 db = 2.54 inches 4 db = 5.08 inches
Clear Spacing 3.23
OK NG
No. 6 and  f y Ψt Ψe  3  f y Ψt Ψe  Where f y = 60.00 Ksi
Smaller ld =  d ld = db
Bars  25 λ f'  b 50  2.5 λ f'c 
 c  Ψt = 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.4; top bars)
No. 7 and  f y Ψt Ψe  3  f y Ψt Ψe  Ψe = 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.4; uncoated reinforcement)
Larger ld =  d ld = db
 20 λ f'  b 40  2.5 λ f' c 
Bars
 c  λ= 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.4; λ = 0.75 for LWC, 1.0 otherwise)
ld = 42.43 db ld = 25.46 db f'c = 5.00 Ksi
Values
ld = 53.9 inches ld = 32.3 inches db = 1.27 inches for No. 10 bar
ld = 53.9 inches
= 4.49 feet
l'd = 70.05 inches
= 5.84 feet
1.25 l'd = 87.56 inches Note: Splices beyond the first story, or the location of flexural hinging of the wall, may NOT be reduced per ACI 318-14 Sect 25.4.10.2.
= 7.30 feet
Use a splice length of 7.50 feet at the first floor, and 6.00 feet at other floor levels for No. 10 SBE bars
5B. Lap Splices of Vertical Bars in Wall Web
Notes: 1. Per ACI 318-14 Sect 18.10.2.3, reinforcement in structural walls shall be developed or spliced at locations where yielding of longitudinal reinforcement is likely to occur as a result of lateral displacements;
development of longitudinal reinforcement shall be 1.25 times the values calculated for f y in tension.
2. Class B splices (1.3 ld) shall be used per ACI 318-14 Table 25.5.2.1 for walls where 50% or less of the total reinforcement are spliced within the required lap length.
l'd = 1.3 ld Where ld = Flexural reinforcement development length (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2) and d'c = dc + dv Where dc = 1.50 inches (Concrete cover, adjusted)
dv = 0.50 inches (Stirrup diameter)
d'c = 2.00 inches (Clear cover to bar being developed)
ds = S - db Where S = Sv = 10.00 inches (Bar spacing provided)
ds = 9.25 inches (Clear spacing provided)
Provided
Upper Limit Lower Limit
(inches)
db = 0.75 inches 2 db = 1.50 inches

Clear Cover 2.00
OK OK
2 db = 1.50 inches 4 db = 3.00 inches
Clear Spacing 9.25
OK OK Note: ld is determined from ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.2, not Section 25.4.2.3.
No. 6
and  f y Ψt Ψe  3  f y Ψt Ψe  Where f y = 60.00 Ksi
ld =  d ld =  db
Smaller  25 λ f'  b 50  2.5 λ f'c 
Bars  c  Ψt = 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.4; top bars)
No. 7
 f y Ψt Ψe  3  f y Ψt Ψe  Ψe = 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.4; uncoated reinforcement)
ld =  d
and
ld = db
Larger  20 λ f'  b 40  2.5 λ f' c 
Bars  c  λ= 1.00 (ACI 318-14 Table 25.4.2.4; λ = 0.75 for LWC, 1.0 otherwise)
ld = 33.94 db ld = 20.36 db f'c = 5.00 Ksi
Values
ld = 25.5 inches ld = 15.3 inches db = 0.75 inches for No. 6 bar
ld = 15.3 inches
= 1.27 feet
l'd = 19.86 inches
= 1.65 feet
1.25 l'd = 24.82 inches Note: Splices beyond the first story, or the location of flexural hinging of the wall, may NOT be reduced per ACI 318-14 Sect 25.4.10.2.
= 2.07 feet
Use a splice length of 2.25 feet at the first floor, and 1.75 feet at other floor levels for No. 6 vertical bars
Sheet _____ of ______
NBSD-Software.Com
6. Shear Wall with Special Boundary Elements - Design Summary
RC Special Shear Wall - Short Apect Ratios
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
Wall Length (feet)
a) Wall dimensions and Reinforcement Data

Wall Dimensions: Wall Loads: Design displacement of wall:
tw = 18.00 inches (Wall Thickness) Pu = 950 Kips δu = 9.00 inches
Lw = 36.00 feet (Wall Length) Vu = 1,974 Kips
Hw = 70.00 feet (Wall Height) Mu = 102,852 Kip-ft Short RC Wall - Boundary Element
Wall Reinforcement:
2
n= 2 (number of bar curtains)
in2 (Bar Area)
Bar Size = 6 (Bar number) => Ab = 0.44
1
Minimum concrete coverage:
0
dcx = 2.00 inches OK, ≥ dc 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Wall Length (feet)
dcy = 1.50 inches OK, ≥ dc
Boundary Elements:
Note: These are defined once for one side, mirrowed on the other side.
Lbe = 43.64 inches (Length of boundary element, EA side)
Special Boundary Element (SBE) Reinforcement
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. Bars* 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Note: Nmax = 7 No. Bars/Row
Bar Size 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 NR = 10 No. Rows
db (in) 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 Nx = 5 (Number of Stirrup or Hoop Legs in X direction)
Ab (in2) 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 Ny = 2 (Number of Stirrup or Hoop Legs in Y direction)
As (in2) 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81 3.81
Note: It is assumed that SBE rebar are laterally supported
Σ As = 38.10 in2 (Bar area per SBE Side) every other bar in both orthogonal directions, as wall is
not expected to see significant axial compression due
Hoop Size: 4 (Bar number) => Av = 0.20 in2 (Hoop Area) to small aspect ratio of Short Wall.
dh = dv = 0.50 inches (Hoop Diameter)
Confinement Spacing - at SBE:
S= 3.00 inches (Hoop spacing; leave blank for Smax to be used per section 4c)
Confinement Spacing - at Wall:
S= 3.50 inches (Hoop spacing; leave blank for Smax to be used per section 4d)
b) Miscellaneous Wall Design Requirements

i) Wall Shear Capacity
ɸ Vn = 2,581 Kips Note : D/C Ratio = 0.76 (Shear)
OK, > Vu
Use 2 curtains of No. 6 Horizontal bars at 10.00 inches on-center.
Use 2 curtains of No. 6 Vertical bars at 10.00 inches on-center.
ii) Wall Flexural Capacity - Wall Strain Compatibility Analysis

C= 55.50 inches (assumed depth to Neutral Axis)
OK, Section is Tension-Controlled and ɸ = 0.90
Resulting Wall Nominal Moment Capacity:
Mn = 120,291 kip-ft Note : D/C Ratio = 0.95 (Flexure)
OK, Mn > Mnr
Flexural Wall Strength is Adequate
iii) Special Boundary Element Requirements

σ= 4.09 Ksi 0.2 f'c = 1.00 Ksi
NG, need Special Boundary Elements!
Use No. 4 hoops and stirrups at 3.00 inches on-center at Boundary Element
Use No. 4 hoops and stirrups at 3.50 inches on-center in Wall segment, which extend a distance
of 20.00 inches beyond the Face of the Boundary Element.
Special Boundary Element Requirements are Satisfied.
SBE elements are required to a height of 36.00 above the foundation; above that level, spacing of hoops and ties shall be
reduced to 6.00 inches on-center remainder of wall height.
iv) Required Development and Splice Lengths

Use a splice length of 7.50 feet at the first floor, and 6.00 feet at other floor levels for No. 10 SBE bars
Use a splice length of 2.25 feet at the first floor, and 1.75 feet at other floor levels for No. 6 vertical bars

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Project Sample Project, Anytown Company Name

Job No. 202002.3 Company Adress

Wall Orientation : N-S N-S Gridline: C Floor Level : 1

RC Special Shear Wall - Short Apect Ratios

Wall Length (feet)

1. Shear Wall Parameters

Wall Dimensions: Wall Loads:

Wall Reinforcement: Design displacement of wall:

Bar Size = 6 (Bar number) => Ab = 0.44 in2 (Bar Area)

Sv = 10.00 inches (Vertical wall reinforcement - horizontal spacing) 2

Minimum concrete coverage:

dcx = 2.00 inches OK, ≥ dc

Capacity Factors : ɸb = 0.90 (Tension-controlled; Table 21.2.2)

ɸv = 0.75 (Shear; Table 21.2.1)

Reinforcement: fy = 60.0 Ksi

Boundary Element Flexural Reinforcement

Confinement Spacing - at Wall:

Note: Smax = 4.50 inches

2. Minimum Wall Reinforcing Requirements

Wall Thickness (feet)

Wall Length (feet)

Amin = ρmin tw Ls ρmin = 0.0025

= 2.0 for Hw / Lw ≥ 2.0

ρt = Ash / ( tw Ls ) for Asv = 1.056 in2

3. Wall Strain Compatibility Analysis

a) Required Nominal Axial and Flexural Capacities

εc = 0.003 (ACI 318-14 Sect 22.2.2.1; Maximum strain in concrete

ii) Steel Strain - at yield 1

Wall Thickness (inches)

εsy = 0.00207 (Steel Strain at Yield) -2

iv) Wall Strain - Summary

0.85 for 2.5 ksi <= f'c <= 4.0 ksi

ksi, but not less than 0.65; -1

a= 44.40 inches (Depth of Equivalent Stress Block)

ii) Force in Concrete Stress Block -4

d) Resulting Forces in Reinforcement Bars

e) Nominal Moment Capacity

Se = 4.50 inches (boundary reinforcement spacing)

Reinforcement Distances Bar Info Forces Short RC Wall - Boundary Element

Wall Thickness (feet)

RC Shear Wall - Short Apect Ratios

Wall Length (feet)

ΣF= 5,019 -3,968 Σ r F = 1,443,494 kip-in

∆ Pn = 4 kips (Iteration difference)

Note: Mnr = 114,280 kip-ft (Required Wall Flexural Capacity)

4. Special Boundary Element Requirements

Abe = 799.2 in2

Wall Thickness (feet)

db = 1.27 inches (Longitudinal bars)

Av = 0.20 in2 (Hoop/stirrup Area)

Acs = 0.40 in2

d) Wall Web Reinforcement

Wall Thickness (feet)

Where L'sbe = Lsbe - Lbe ≥ Lbe for Lsbe = 63.33 inches

bc = Cross-sectional dimension of column core, measured center-to-center of confining reinforcement.

= Max ( 0.42, 0.37 ) Ach = 265 in2

bc = L'be for L'be = 19.70 inches