BONSUCAN, TOBIT M.

BSN1-A
05-07-2023

NEMATODES

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (PINWORM) – ADULT

• Disease: Enterobiasis
• Habitat in human: Large intestine – caecum and colon
• Diagnosis of infection: Microscopic examination of perianal scraping to detect
eggs

Morphological Features
• Colour: Yellowish white
• A cuticle surrounds the body
• Posterior end is pointed like a pin in female
• Three muscular lips around the mouth
• Has wing-like expansions on each side of head
• Prominent bulb in the oesophagus – only nematode human to show this
Male
• Size: up to 2.5 mm long; male smaller than female
• Posterior end is blunt and curved ventrally; bears six sensory papillae and a
single copulatory spicule
Female
• Female: 8 – 13 mm in length

CESTODES

TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF TAPEWORM)

• Disease: Taeniasis
• Habitat in human: Small intestine of human
• Definitive host: Human
• Intermediate host: Cattle
• Diagnosis of infection: Microscopic examination of faeces to detect eggs +
proglottids

Morphological Features of Scolex

• Rounded or slightly pear-shaped
• Size: 1-2 mm in diameter
• 04 cup-like suckers
• No rostellum or hooks
TREMARODES

SCHISTOSOMA . SPECIES (BLOOD FLUKE) – ADULT

• Disease: Schistosomiasis
• Habitat in human: Veins of the intestine ( S. mansoni & S. japonicum) or
bladder (S. haematobium)
• Definitive host: Human
• 01 intermediate host only: Snails
• Diagnosis of infection: Microscopic examination of faeces (S. mansoni & S.
japonicum) or urine (S. haematobium) for eggs

Morphological Features
• Body is worm like- elongated and cylindrical
• Sexes are separate
• Female longer and more slender than male; vary from 7 – 26 mm depending
on species
• Intestinal caecae reunite after bifurcation to form a single canal
• Shape: Worm-like elongated cylindrical bodies
• Both oral and ventral suckers present in an anterior position of body
• Intestinal caeca reunite after bifurcation to form a single canal
• Male has a groove called the gynecophoral canal (arrow) – female is held
within this canal