Post-Civil War and

Reconstruction Era

By: Alena, Brigid, and Victoria

Increasing Influence of the Federal Government
- Occurred Post Civil War (1860’s)
- Education was previously seen as a state
and local government issue
- Radical Republicans pushed for help
(funding) from the federal government
- Congress then required Southern states to
rewrite their constitutions and allow for free
public schooling
- Which lead to Southern states using
loopholes to implement segregated,
Segregated Schooling
underfunded schools
The Beginning of Education in the South

- Over 4 million slaves were freed

- Freedman’s Bureau was created
- Created over 1000 schools in the span of 7
years
- They distributed food, clothing and medical
aid as well
- Current day we still see states, schools and
individuals with different levels of education

One of the Freedman's Books of Education

The Beginning of Education in the South
W E B Du Bois
-1868-1963
Booker T. Washington
-born into freedom
-1856-1915 -believed African Americans
-born into slavery should fight for their
-believed newly freed should freedoms
focus more on working rather -” He believed that full
demanding for more rights citizenship and equal rights
Booker T. Washington
for African Americans would
be brought about through
the efforts of an intellectual
elite; for this reason, he was
an advocate of a broad
liberal arts education at the
college level.”(Admin)
W E B Du Bois
Native American Boarding Schools
-Start of the schools
-The Civilization Fund Act of 1819
- Federal government was able to teach
young Indigenous Americans
- Was an effort to stamp out American’s
Richard Pratt
original cultural identity
-Richard Pratt A graduating class at the Carlisle school
-founder of the Carlisle School
-the first school, founded in 1879
-"Kill the Indian, Save the Man"
-There was about 357 boarding schools
-25 of them being off-reservation
Native American Boarding Schools

-Life in the schools

-Arrival
-destroyed native clothing, cut hair, and renamed
the children
-Education
-mainly manual labor Changes upon arrival

- taught things that made them marketable in Washing clothes

society
-Placing out System
-placed students into American communities
-exploited students and used them for labor
Native American Boarding Schools

-Discipline
-Punishments
-got punished for speaking native
language
-Spread of Illness
-little food and medicine
- Tuberculosis, Trachoma, Flu, and
Measles were common
-Often failed to inform parents
The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890
• The federal government put in place two
legislative acts related to a higher
education
• Morrill Act 1862 - provided land for
education
• Funded establishment of public colleges
by offering land grants to develop or sell
• Morrill Act 1890 - provided money for
education
• Funded colleges for the people of color

ACCELERATING CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL

RESEARCH The Cooperative Extension System A
valuable partner for CTSAs. - ppt download
Who is Morrill?
• Senator Justin Smith Morrill
• An abolitionist
• Vision that education should be for
everyone no matter color of skin or
financial situation  
• Personally impacted
• Unable to continue education at age 15
due to his family’s lack of financial means
• Still curious and wanting to learn, he
pursued education through business,
architecture, horticulture, and politics
• Served in United States Congress -
Representative and the Senator of
Vermont 
• Both acts were created in Congress
Morrill Act: Primary Documents of
American History (Virtual Programs
& Services, Library of Congress)
The Morrill Act of 1862
Abraham Lincoln (1862) |
Harper's Magazine
• Sponsored by Senator
Justin Morrill of Vermont
• Passed and signed by
President Abraham
Lincoln on July 2, 1862
• In order to follow through
with the act, land was a
key component
• Granted each state
30,000 acres of public
land
Morrill Act (1862) |
National Archives
The Morrill Acts of 1862
• Over 10 million acres provided by these grants were taken from tribal lands of Native
communities
• Taken by forcibly having Native American Tribes sign treaties giving up land because
of living conditions or violent threats and in many cases, the government did not
uphold treaties and agreements
•  Act emphasized agriculture and mechanic arts which opened opportunities to
thousands of farmers and working people previously excluded from higher education

Affecting-native-americans.ht
ml
The Morrill Act of 1890

• Continued to be sponsored by Justin

Morrill
• Second Morrill Act
• Passed into law on August 30, 1890 by
President Benjamin Harrison
• Purpose was to expand opportunities
for people of color to access education
in agriculture and mechanical arts
• Required states to establish separate
Land-grant Institutions for Black History of APLU
students or demonstrate admissions
would not be restricted by race

Benjamin Harrison -
The White House
References
Feuerherd, P. (n.d.). W.E.B. Du Bois fought "scientific" racism - JSTOR DAILY. JSTOR Daily. Retrieved
November 20, 2022,     https://daily.jstor.org/w-e-b-dubois-fought-scientific-racism/ 
America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War. America's reconstruction: People and
politics after the Civil War. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2022, from
https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/exhibits/reconstruction/section2/section2_15.html 
H. CON. RES. 53. (2021). In congree.gov (H. CON. RES. 53). Authenticed U.S Government Information.
https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/hconres53/BILLS-117hconres53ih.pdf
Mejia, M. (2022, July 26). The U.S. history of Native American Boarding Schools. The Indigenous Foundation.
https://www.theindigenousfoundation.org/articles/us-residential-schools
Native American History and Culture: Boarding Schools - American Indian Relief Council is now Northern
Plains Reservation Aid. (n.d.). nativepartnership.org. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from
http://www.nativepartnership.org/site/PageServer?pagename=airc_hist_boardingschools
Wong, A. (2019, March 5). The Failed Assimilation of Native American Boarding Schools. The Atlantic.
https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/03/failed-assimilation-native-american-boarding-schools
/584017/
References
The Library of Congress (March 16, 2022). Primary Documents in American History. Accessed Dec. 2. 
https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib//ourdocs/morrill.html
National Archives (May 10, 2022). Morrill Act (1862). Accessed Dec. 2.
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/morrill-act
Association of Public & Land grant institutions (APLU). History of APLU. Accessed Dec. 2.
https://www.aplu.org/about-us/history-of-aplu/
Admin. (2020, June 10). What did W e b Du Bois believe in? TeachersCollegesj. Retrieved November 30, 2022, from
https://teacherscollegesj.org/what-did-w-e-b-du-bois-believe-in/#:~:text=What%20did%20W%20E%20B%20Du%20B
ois%20believe,broad%20liberal%20arts%20education%20at%20the%20college%20level.