LIBRARY STUDY

INTER STATE BUS TERMINAL

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – VII
(BACH 801)

ISBT

BY – (GROUP 1):
SONAM TSEWANG BHUTIA (16059)
ASHWANI KUMAR YADAV (16067)
MEHAK SETIA (16071)
RANJAN LOHIA (16074)
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION 3–5 by SONAM
2. LOCATION 6–7 by SONAM
3. ACCESS AND APPROACH 8–9 by SONAM
4. PLANNING 10 – 13 by SONAM
5. CIRCULATION 14 – 24 by ASHWANI
6. BUS DIMENSIONS 25 – 28 by RANJAN
7. TURNING RADIUS 29 – 32 by RANJAN
8. PARKING 33 – 35 by RANJAN
9. LANDSCAPING 36 – 38 by MEHAK
10. SERVICES 39 – 41 by MEHAK
11. AMENITIES 42 – 43 by MEHAK
12. REFERENCES 44
INTRODUCTION
A bus terminal is a designated place where a bus or
coach states or ends it’s scheduled route. Bus terminal
is an essential component of urban transport facilities
which defines the beginning (origin) or end
(terminating) of the line for the transportation system.
it’s basic function, which rendered safety and
convenient to the travelling, public waiting, lighting or
boarding the bus.
In India, an Inter State Bus Terminal or Inter-State Bus
Terminus (ISBT) is a bus terminal that provides bus
service to destinations located in other states. An ISBT
may also provide bus services to destinations in the
same state. Mostly ISBT Term is used in the Northern Part
of India, In the western part of India, ST Stand or State
Transport Term is used.
 INTRODUCTION
TERMINAL CHARECTERISTICS:-
In India, there are mainly two different types of terminals.
1. LOCAL BUS TERMINAL : Bus services at a local bus terminal
cater to routes whose starting and terminating points
connect two different places in same city. On these routes,
buses stop to board and off load passengers at short
intervals, usually about 0.5 km.
2. INTERSTATE BUS TERMINAL (ISBT) : Starting and terminating
points connect two different states , regions/district, or cities;
long intervals between stops, usually greater than 10 km.

TERMINAL SIZE : This characteristics denotes the scale of a bus

terminal, irrespective of its hierarchy (interstate or local).
LOCATION

Locational characteristics make for the key factor attracting

passengers using the bus terminal.
 Centrally located (core city areas) bus terminals are
desirable for operational efficiency and passenger
convenience, as they provide ample interchange
opportunities.
 Additionally, they are potential candidates for using
terminals as a vibrant city space.
 Peripheral terminals, when
integrated with depot
functions, work best in
minimizing dead mileage.
 The location should be
chosen close to the
highways and placed in
such a manner that all the
modes entering and
leaving the terminal can
do so without effecting the
flow of traffic on the
highway.
ACCESS AND APPROACH
Traditional bus terminal
facilities fail to provide
convenient access to public
buses. Their closed confines
make access extremely difficult
for passengers.
Current attempts to improve
bus-based public transport
access are only concerned with
improvement of street
infrastructure, and focused
mainly on pedestrian facilities
and bus stops.
Hence-
 Access to the terminal should be
convenient, barrier free and facilitate
streamlined internal circulation.
 Additionally, the ingress and egress points
should be so located that they are not in
conflict with traffic circulation at the
peripheral road network.
 One way of achieving this is by creating
alternative access/egress points by
integrating multi modal facilities with the
bus terminal; this can further convenience
commuters by providing access/egress
choices
PLANNING
In general, the four basic planning criteria for planning of
terminals are –
 Need
 Size
 Location
 Design
Need – Need of the terminal arises with increase in the
demand. An organized bus terminal should meet the
following requirements
 Accessibility
 Comfort and convenience
 Safety
 Easy processing
Size – The following factors are considered to characterize
the size of the terminal and its functions
 Flow of traffic
 System characteristics
 User characteristics
Location – The selection of the location should satisfy the
following criteria
 It should form a component in the hierarchy of transport
systems
 It should be a component in the hierarchical system of
transportation terminals
 The concentration and dispersal costs should be
minimum
 It should be located such that as point of coordination
and integration between inter-city and intra-city
transport
Design – Following points should be kept in mind for
efficient workability of terminal
 Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic
 Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement
 Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict
 Segregation of pedestrian flows
 Minimum processing for the buses
 Segregation of transportation and no-transportation
activities
 Availability of various inter-city modes to passenger on
his arrival.
PLANNING
CIRCULATION
ROADWAYS:-
 Bus Roadway Width Ten-foot-wide single lanes will suffice
for 8-ft-wide equipment.
 Eleven-foot lanes are preferable where ample terminal
space is available and especially to accommodate
equipment 8 ft wide, the use of which steadily is
increasing.
 Double-lane runways, enabling standing buses to be
overtaken by other buses, provide a great advantage
over one-lane runaways because of the increased
flexibility of operations that is made possible.
 For the purpose of merely overtaking another bus or row
of buses having no appreciable tailout, double-lane
runaway widths should be atleast 20 ft. and preferably
22 ft.
 However, for a flexible operation under which departing
buses may pull out from the platform around a standing
bus, the runway width and the amount of lineal space
at the platform for the pull-out maneuver are directly
related.
CIRCULATION
PLATFORM TYPES:-
1. PARALLEL LOADING
 Requires Excessive Amount Of Space.
 Buses Must Usually Wait Until First Bus Exits
 Large Terminal Requires Pedestrian Under/Overpass
Facilities To Protect Passengers While Crossing Lanes.
2. RIGHT-ANGLE LOADING
 Out swinging Bus Door Which Forms a Barrier around
Which Passenger Must Pass.
 Bus Maneuvering Difficult.
3. STRAIGHT SAW TOOTH LOADING
 Efficient-Employed Where Lot Is Comparatively Narrow
and Deep.
 Passenger Has Direct Approach To Loading Door.
 Baggage Truck Can Operate Between Buses For Side
Loading.
4. RADIAL SAW TOOTH LOADING
 Most efficient buses swing into position along natural
driving. Space required at front is minimum.
 Wide space at read makes maneuvering easy.
CIRCULATION
The Katyamanevili, Kalyan, Mumbai (right); is an
example of a bus terminal
Fixed route bus operations for 60 buses per hour,
with an average layover time of 10 mins are
desired at this terminal.
 As per guidelines, this requires a total of 12
bus bays.
 For such operations, the recommended
arrangement for small local terminal is drive
though bay arrangement at 90 degrees.
 Raised pedestrian crossing connect all 12 bus
bays in a series.
 This arrangement is proposed for both options.
In the open boundary (option one)
approach, buses enter from the adjoining
distributary road and turn 90 degrees into the
bays (Figure 30).
CIRCULATION
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STAIRCASES:
 The maximum practical flow on a stair is approximately
17 persons per foot width of stairway per minute (PFM) in
the upward or design direction.
 Riser height should be 6”.
LIFTS AND ESCALATORS : Lifts and escalators are also
provided in the multilevel type bus terminals.
 BUS DIMENTIONS
 Standard Urban Bus:
overall length — 39’-4” (12m)
overall width — 8’-7" (2.6m)
max. overall height — 12’-6" (3.8m)
 Midi Urban Bus:
overall length — 30’-10"(9.4m)
overall width — 8-3" (2.5m)
max. overall height — 12’-6" (3.8m)

 Mini Urban Bus:

overall length — 23’-0"(7.0m)
overall width — 7-3" (2.2m)
max. overall height — 10’-10" (3.3m)

Source: Urban Bus Specifications - II, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India
Source: Neufert Standards
  INTERCITY premium buses dimensions:

INTERCITY PREMIUM:
overall length — 47’-7"(14.5m)
overall width — 8-7" (2.6m)
max. overall height — 12’-6" (3.8m)

Source: https://www.volvobuses.in/en-in/our-offering/coaches/volvo-9400-xl/specifications.html
 INTERCITY Premium buses dimensions:

Source: https://www.scania.com/in/en/home/products-and-services/buses-and-coaches/our-range/scania-interlink.html
TURNING RADIUS
 The principal dimensions affecting design are the
minimum center-line turning radius, the wheelbase, and
the path of the inner rear tire.
 Effects of driver characteristics (such as the speed at
which the driver makes a turn) and the slip angles of
wheels are minimized by assuming that the speed of the
vehicle for the minimum radius (sharpest) turn is 10 mph
(15 km/h) or less.
 The boundaries of the turning paths of the several design
vehicles when making the sharpest turns are established
by the outer trace of the front overhang and the path of
the inner rear wheel.
 This turn assumes that the outer front wheel follows the
circular arc defining the minimum turning radius as
determined by the vehicle steering mechanism.
Source: Neufert Standards
Source: Neufert Standards
PARKING
The infrastructure which connects the bus terminal with the
city is referred to as supporting access (or feeder)
infrastructure. It includes provision for various modes that
provide access and act as feeder to the bus terminal.
These include parking for private vehicles; drop-off and
pickup bays for private vehicles, taxis, auto rickshaws,
cycle rickshaws, shared vehicles such as vans/jeeps etc.
Private Vehicle Parking: This relates to the type of parking
arrangement for private vehicles at the bus terminal. It is
influenced by the parking demand and space availability
in the terminal, and is classified into four categories:
Staff vehicle parking: This is the area that is kept for the parking
purpose for the staff. This is generally located near the
administration block for better access. Staff parking facility is
located in front of the administration block within the setback.
LANDSCAPING
Landscaping considerations should be included early in the
planning process, as they influence the functional efficiency of
the complex, not merely its aesthetics.
 It is important to ensure that landscaping complements the
spatial design and enhances the visual appeal of the
terminal.
 Outdoor and indoor passenger areas should be smoothly
hardscaped, to facilitate easy connection between site’s
periphery and the terminal.
 The paving’s surface quality should ensure durability as well
as resistance against wear, walking comfort and usability by
wheelchairs, prams and baggage trolleys
Heavy landscaping along the site boundary should be
designed to reduce noise pollution that include soft
scaping and plantations.
 Landscaping elements such as trees and water-bodies
should be provided to define the site, and its entry/exit.
They also help maintain a cool environment on warm
days, through microclimate.
 Landscaping should be used as a natural buffer for
separating parking area from other functions.
 Screen walls, in combination with earth berms and
landscaping, should be provided at the perimeter of the
complex, to screen visual clutter.
 Low maintenance landscaping is preferable, and plant
materials should be selected as per local context and
site conditions.
 SERVICES
 DRAINAGE : The terminal should be planned in a way that major
interface zones between commuters and buses are kept away from
drainage facilities; e.g. the bus bay area (especially unloading and
boarding) should not be over (or near) catch basins, as this creates
a potential tripping hazard.
 FIRE SAFETY: Terminal projects need to be designed to incorporate
efficient and cost -effective fire protection systems, both passive
and automatic.
• Wet and dry riser
• Hose reel
• Automatic sprinkler system
• Fire hydrant
• under ground water tank with
draw off connection
• Terrace water tanks
• Auto detection system
 LIGHTING: Lighting should be designed to meet minimum
illumination levels and quality standards for both indoor and
outdoor application. Natural lighting elements such as sky lights shall
be used to enhance lighting level without increasing the energy
load of the terminal facility.
Lighting fixtures should be
 energy efficient,
 require low maintenance, and
 minimize light pollution and glare.
Three types of lighting are used in terminals:
 Continuous lighting: This is the most common type of security lighting
system installed in bus terminals. It consists of a series of fixed lights
arranged continuously, to light interior or exterior areas during hours
of darkness. They can be used around a building perimeter,
pedestrian pathways, vehicle approaches, or property boundaries.
 Standby lighting: This lighting type is similar to continuous lighting, in
layout and design, except that the luminaries are not continuously lit.
Instead, they are turned on either automatically (when activity is
detected in the area) or manually. Standby lighting should use
instant ‘on’ lighting lamps (e.g. incandescent, halogen, fluorescent,
inductively coupled, or LED).
 Mobile lighting: This lighting type is manually operated and
moveable. Mobile lighting may supplement continuous or standby
lighting. It can be used at special events and in emergencies, during
hours of darkness.
AMENITIES
Amenities in a bus terminal includes:-
 Ticket counter
 Baggage room
 Shops
 Cafeteria/Restaurant
 Maintenance facilities
 Hygienic & clean toilet areas
 Waiting lounge
 P.R.O (Public relations officer) office
 Offices, etc.
 AMENITIES
The requirements for fitments for drainage and
sanitation:

Source: PUNJAB GOVT. GAZ. (EXTRA), JUNE 29, 2018

REFERENCES
 https://shaktifoundation.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Bus-Terminal-
Design-Guidelines-comp.pdf
 https://www.slideshare.net/IndrajitKoner/standards-for-bus-terminals
 https://www.slideshare.net/AksheySharma2/inter-state-bus-terminal-
litrature-study
 https://planningtank.com/transportation/planning-considerations-for-bus-
terminal
 http://www.arvedtranscube.com/bus-terminal-amenities.html
 http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Urban-Bus-Specifications-
II.pdf
 https://www.puda.gov.in/?q=punjab-urban-planning-and-development-
building-rules-2018
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter_State_Bus_Terminals
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_terminus
THANK YOU