Conflicts in the Middle East lead to increased demand for cosmetic

surgery, and for some the results are tragic.

The Lebanese may be famous for their beauty, but not all of them were
born with it. More than 1.5 million cosmetic procedures are performed
each year in the tiny country of 6 million, mostly on women. As many as
one in three women in Beirut have had cosmetic surgery.

The patients are not all Lebanese. Before the Syrian war, up to 40 percent
of cosmetic patients in Lebanon were medical tourists. Now, the war has
dried up Lebanese tourism, and Dubai has sensed opportunity. It invested
heavily in beauty clinics and has emerged as the region’s new go-to area
for cosmetic treatments.

But powerful forces keep pushing Lebanese women to go under the knife.
Part is being in peer groups where cosmetic surgery is common. But many
psychologists also connect the desire to enhance appearance with
Lebanon’s history of civil war, suggesting that many women turn to
cosmetic surgery to nurture self-esteem after experiencing trauma. With
casualties and displacement having reduced the availability of eligible
bachelors, others see perfecting their appearance as the best way to secure
a marriage proposal.

In turn, we find that Syria is another place where a longstanding tradition

of cosmetic surgery tourism is on the ropes. Yet, domestic demand for
cosmetic surgery is booming for many of the same reasons as it is in
Lebanon. To attract new customers, plastic surgeons have lowered prices
and are adopting cheaper—and more dangerous—techniques. The results
often have been tragic.

In early 2017, a 14-year-old girl in Damascus died after undergoing a

freckle-removing procedure in an unlicensed clinic. It is another threat
brought on by war.

1
‫ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻷوﺳﻂ إﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺄﺳﺎوﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺾ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﯾﺸﺘﮭﺮ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﻮن ﺑﺠﻤﺎﻟﮭﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻮﻟﺪوا ﺟﻤﯿﻌًﺎ ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﺰﯾّﺔ‪ .‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1.5‬ﻣﻠﯿﻮن‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻼﯾﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻌﻈﻤﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﺤﺪّ إﻟﻰ أﻧﮫ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺛﻼث ﻧﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺮوت ﻗﺪ ﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺴﻮرﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪ 40‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﯿﺎح اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻼج‪ .‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺮاھﻦ‪ ،‬أدّت اﻟﺤﺮب ﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﻨﻀﻮب‪ ،‬ﻣّﻤﺎ أﻣﺪّ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ دﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮص‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺜﻤﺮت دﺑﻲ ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺮزت ﻛﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺟﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﯿﺖ ھﻨﺎك ﻗﻮى ﻋﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﯿﺔ‪ .‬ﯾﻨﺎُل اﻟﺠﺰء‬
‫اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى ھﻮ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﯾﺸﯿﻊ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻀﺎ اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﯾﺮﺑﻄﻮن أﯾ ً‬
‫إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﯾﻠﺠﺄن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﺣﺘﺮام اﻟﺬات ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﻈًﺮا ﻟﻜﻮن ازدﯾﺎد اﻟﻀﺤﺎﯾﺎ واﻟﻨﺰوح ﻗﺪ ﻗﻠﻠﻮا ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻌّﺰاب اﻟﻤﺆھﻠﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺰواج‪ ،‬ﯾﺮى آﺧﺮون‬
‫أن ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﻦ ھﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺮض زواج‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺪورھﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺠﺪ أن ﺳﻮرﯾﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻌﺮﯾﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﯾﺰدھﺮ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ .‬وﻟﺠﺬب ﻋﻤﻼء ﺟﺪد‪ ،‬ﻗﺎم ﺟﺮاﺣﻮ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﯿﺾ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر واﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت أرﺧﺺ‬
‫وأﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﻮرة‪ ،‬ﻣّﻤﺎ ﺧﻠّ َ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﺎ ً ﻣﺄﺳﺎوﯾﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ أواﺋﻞ ﻋﺎم ‪ ، 2017‬ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺖ ﻓﺘﺎة ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ‪ 14‬ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ دﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ إزاﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﺎدة ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺧﺼﺔ‪ .‬إﻧﮫ ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪ آﺧﺮ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﮫ اﻟﺤﺮب‪.‬‬

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 Why Do People Want to Undergo Plastic Surgery?

There are several reasons why people tend to undergo plastic surgery.
However, the following reasons compel one to undergo plastic surgery:
1. Aging is a natural phenomenon that leaves numerous fine lines, wrinkles,
and sagging breasts and eyelids. In addition, excess sun exposure can
sometimes make one look old. Hence, plastic surgery allows them to get
tight skin and reduce those fine lines and wrinkles.
2. People with retained injuries due to assaults, accidents, or other incidents
can have disfigurements of different types. In such cases, plastic surgery
provides a provision to undergo repair or reconstruction of disfigured
body parts to restore their functionality.
3. People with excess fat deposition in certain body areas and finding it
difficult to lose weight despite diet and exercise can undergo liposuction
to get rid of the excess weight.
4. People who are planning to have a job interview or make a social
appearance often find plastic surgery an effective method to improve their
looks. This is because they believe that the first impression is the last one.
5. People who lose weight often discover that their skin droops or sags, along
with the presence of stretch marks. This is a natural phenomenon and is
commonly known as skin laxity. Hence, the only way for such people to
improve their appearance is to undergo body sculpting surgery.
6. Pregnancy is a phase during which women undergo a lot of changes in
their bodies, including sagging breasts and facial lines. Hence, such
females can undergo breast reduction surgeries to rejuvenate their looks.
7. People with a deviated nasal septum often find breathing difficult because
of the narrowed airways. Rhinoplasty, a form of plastic surgery, is a
surgical procedure wherein the doctor reshapes the patient's nose to
improve breathing.
8. Some teenagers and adults wish to undergo plastic surgery because they
have been body shamed by their peers or other family members. They feel
that plastic surgery can help improve their self-esteem.
9. Plastic surgery is a ray of hope for those who do not feel good about
themselves. It gives them confidence and new hope for life.

3
 ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﯾﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻞ ؟‬

‫ھﻨﺎك ﻋﺪة أﺳﺒﺎب ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﯾﻤﯿﻠﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻞ‪ .‬وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺮء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ ھﻲ ظﺎھﺮة طﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﺮك اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎﻋﯿﺪ وﺗﺮھﻞ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﻦ واﻟﺠﻔﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺮء ﯾﺒﺪو ﻗﺪﯾًﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻷﺣﯿﺎن‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﯿﺢ ﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺸﺮة ﻣﺸﺪودة وﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎﻋﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ إﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﺠﺰة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات أو اﻟﺤﻮادث أو ﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻮادث ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﺗﺸﻮھﺎت ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ‬
‫طﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﻀﻮع ﻹﺻﻼح أو إﻋﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻮھﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎدة وظﺎﺋﻔﮭﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﺷﺮ ً‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ اﻟﺪھﻮن اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﯾﺠﺪون‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﻘﺎص اﻟﻮزن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﺸﻔﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺪھﻮن ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺨﻄﻄﻮن ﻹﺟﺮاء ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ أو اﻟﻈﮭﻮر اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ أن اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﻢ‪ .‬ھﺬا ﻷﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪون أن اﻻﻧﻄﺒﺎع اﻷول ھﻮ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻔﻘﺪون اﻟﻮزن أن ﺑﺸﺮﺗﮭﻢ ﺗﺘﺪﻟﻰ أو ﺗﺘﺮھﻞ‪ ،‬إﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ وﺟﻮد‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‪ .‬ھﺬه ظﺎھﺮة طﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ وﺗﻌﺮف ﻋﺎدة ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺗﺮاﺧﻲ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪة ﻟﮭﺆﻻء اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﻢ ھﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻧﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪة ﻟﮭﺆﻻء اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﻢ ھﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻧﺤﺖ‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ‪.‬اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ھﻮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻟﻠﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﻲ أﺟﺴﺎدھﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺮھﻞ اﻟﺜﺪﯾﯿﻦ وﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻮﺟﮫ‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻹﻧﺎث اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺟﺮاﺣﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺪي ﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻈﮭﺮھﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺪ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ أﻧﻔﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﯿﻖ‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮات اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻞ اﻷﻧﻒ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺮاﺣﯿﺔ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ ﺑﺈﻋﺎدة ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ أﻧﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺮﻏﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﯿﻦ واﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻀﻮع ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺟﺮاﺣﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻷﻧﮭﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮا ﻟﻠﻌﺎر ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ أﻗﺮاﻧﮭﻢ أو أﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮة اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ‪ .‬إﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﺸﻌﺮون أن اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﺣﺘﺮاﻣﮭﻢ ﻟﺬاﺗﮭﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻠﯿﺔ ھﻲ ﺑﺼﯿﺺ أﻣﻞ ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻻ ﯾﺸﻌﺮون ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ‪ .‬ﯾﻤﻨﺤﮭﻢ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫وأﻣًﻼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪًا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 VOCABULARY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM THE ARTICLE
# Words Meanings # Words Meanings
01 41
02 42
03 43
04 44
05 45
06 46
07 47
08 48
09 49
10 50
11 51
12 52
13 53
14 54
15 55
16 56
17 57
18 58
19 59
20 60
21 61
22 62
23 63
24 64
25 65
26 66
27 67
28 68
29 69
30 70
31 71
32 72
33 73
34 74
35 75
36 76
37 77
38 78
39 79
40 80

5
 ‫‪ADDITIONAL LEXICAL TERMS RELATED TO THE TOPIC‬‬
‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪Words‬‬ ‫‪Meanings‬‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫‪Words‬‬ ‫‪Meanings‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪Abdomen‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪة ‪ -‬ﺑﻄﻦ‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪Intravenous‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻮرﯾﺪ ‪ -‬ورﯾﺪي ‪ -‬ﺣﻘﻦ‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪Ablation‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﺜﺎث ‪ -‬اﺳﺘﺌﺼﺎل ‪ -‬ﺟﺬ‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪Malignant‬‬ ‫ﺧﺒﯿﺚ ‪ -‬ﺳﺮطﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪Abrasion‬‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺠﺔ ‪ -‬ﺧﺪش ‪ -‬ﻛﺸﻂ‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫‪Outpatient‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﯿﻦ ‪ -‬اﻟﻌﯿﺎدات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬
‫‪04‬‬ ‫‪Abscess‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮاج ‪ -‬دﻣﻞ ‪ -‬ﺧﺮاﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪Prognosis‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺳﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬
‫‪05‬‬ ‫‪Absorb‬‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻮى ‪ -‬اﺳﺘﮭﻠﻚ ‪ -‬اﺳﺘﻮﻋﺐ ‪ -‬اﻣﺘﺺ‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪Relapse‬‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﻜﺲ ‪ -‬ﻋﻮدة ‪ -‬ارﺗﺪاد‬
‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪Abstain‬‬ ‫ﻒ‬‫اﻣﺘﻨﻊ ‪ -‬اﺣﺠﻢ ‪ -‬ﻛ ّ‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪Sutures‬‬ ‫دروز ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﺐ ‪ -‬ﻏﺮز‬
‫‪07‬‬ ‫‪Acute‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎد ‪ -‬ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ‪ -‬ﺣﺪة ‪ -‬ﻣﺪﻗﻊ ‪ -‬ﻣﻠّﺢ‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪Transplant‬‬ ‫زرع اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ‪ -‬اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﺰروع ‪ -‬ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪Adhesion‬‬ ‫إﻟﺘﺼﺎق ‪ -‬اﻹذﻋﺎن ‪ -‬إﻟﺘﺼﺎق‬ ‫‪48‬‬ ‫‪Vaccine‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎح ‪ -‬طﻌﻢ ‪ -‬اﻷﻣﺼﺎل‬
‫‪09‬‬ ‫‪Adjuvant‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪Waive‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎزل ﻋﻦ ‪ -‬ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻋﻦ ‪ -‬اﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Adverse effect‬‬ ‫اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ‪ -‬أﺛﺮ ﺿﺎر‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪Washout period‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮة اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻏﯿﺎب اﻟﺪواء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪Adverse events‬‬ ‫اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ‪ -‬اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪A-, an-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Agent‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ‪ -‬وﺳﯿﻂ‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪-ation‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪Allergic reaction‬‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ ‫رد ﻓﻌﻞ ﺗﺤﺴﺴﻲ ‪ -‬ﺗﻔﺎﻋ‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪Dys-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ طﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪Amend‬‬ ‫ﺴﻦ‬ ‫إدﺧﺎل ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻼت ‪ -‬ﺻّﺤﺢ ‪ -‬ﺣ ّ‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪-ectomy‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬اﺳﺘﺌﺼﺎل ﺟﺮاﺣﻲ ﻟﺸﻲء ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪Analgesic‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻜﻦ أﻟﻢ‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪-ismus‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺸﻨﺞ أو ﺗﻘﻠﺺ‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪Anomalies‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻮھﺎت ‪ -‬اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺸﺎذة ‪ -‬ﻋﯿﻮب‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪-itis‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬وﺟﻮد اﻟﺘﮭﺎب‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪Benign‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﯿﺪ ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ‪ -‬ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ‪ -‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﺿﺎر‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪-lysis‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺤﻠﻞ أو اﻧﮭﯿﺎر‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Biopsy‬‬ ‫ﺧﺰﻋﺔ ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ‪ -‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪Macro-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪Cessation‬‬ ‫اﻣﺘﻨﺎع ‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ‪ -‬اﻧﻘﻄﺎع ‪ -‬إﻧﮭﺎء‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫‪Melan/o-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬أﺳﻮد أو داﻛﻦ اﻟﻠﻮن‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪Chronic‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺎل ‪ -‬ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺼﻲ ‪-‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪Micro-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺻﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪Clinical‬‬ ‫إﻛﻠﯿﻨﯿﻜﻲ ‪ -‬ﺳﺮﯾﺮي ‪ -‬ﻋﯿﺎدي‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪-ology‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻢ أو دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰة‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪Close proximity‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻦ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺔ ‪ -‬ﺑﺠﻮار‬ ‫‪62‬‬ ‫‪-osis‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﻲء ﻏﯿﺮ طﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪Coagulation‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻠّﻂ ‪ -‬ﺗﺨﺜ ّﺮ ‪ -‬ﺗﺨﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪-otomy‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪Coma‬‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺒﻮﺑﺔ ‪ -‬ﻛﻮﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪-pathy‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺮض أو اﻋﺘﻼل‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪Contusion‬‬ ‫ر ﺿ ﻮ ض ‪ -‬ﻛ ﺪ ﻣ ﺎ ت ‪ -‬رض‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪-plasty‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪ :‬إﺻﻼح ﺟﺮاﺣﻲ‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪Defibrillator‬‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ دﻗﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪66‬‬ ‫‪Poly-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﯿﺮ أو ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪Demographic‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ -‬اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻐﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪67‬‬ ‫‪Pseudo-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﺎطﺊ أو ﻣﺨﺎدع اﻟﻤﻈﮭﺮ‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪Depressant‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺒﻄﺎت ‪ -‬اﻛﺘﺌﺎب ‪ -‬ﯾﺼﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺄس‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪Retro-‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﮭﻘﺮ‪ /‬اﻟﺮﺟﻮع ﻟﻠﻮراء‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪Deteriorate‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﮭﻘﮭﺮ ‪ -‬ﺗﺮدى ‪ -‬ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ ‪ -‬ﺗﺪھﻮر‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪Cardi/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪Dysfunction‬‬ ‫ﻗﺼﻮر ‪ -‬اﺿﻄﺮاب ‪ -‬اﻟﺨﻠﻞ اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪Derm/a/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪Edema‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء ‪ -‬اﻟﻮذﻣﺔ ‪ -‬ﺗﻮرم‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪Encephal/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺎغ‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪Embolism‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻄﺔ ‪ -‬اﻧﺴﺪاد ‪ -‬اﻧﺼﻤﺎم‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪Gastr/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪Efficacy‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮدة ‪ -‬ﻛﻔﺎءة ‪ -‬ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ ‪ -‬ﻧﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫‪Hemat/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺪم‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪Fracture‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺰق ‪ -‬ﺷﻖ ‪ -‬ﺷﺮخ ‪ -‬ﻛﺴﺮ ‪ -‬ﺻﺪع‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪My/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻀﻼت‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪Gland‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺳﺘﺎﺗﺎ ‪ -‬اﻟﻐﺪة‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪Oste/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪Hereby‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ ھﺬا ‪ -‬ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫‪Pulmon/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺋﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪Hypertension‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪Rhin/o‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻒ‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪Incision‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ ‪ -‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟﺮح ‪ -‬ﺷﻖ‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪Sclerosis‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻠّﺐ ‪ /‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫ّ‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﯿﻦ‪/‬ﯾﺘﺤﺘﻢ‪/‬ﯾﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ /‬ﻟﺰاﻣﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ‪Incumbent upon‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪Stasis‬‬ ‫إﯾﻘﺎف ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺪي ‪ /‬اﻟﺮﻛﻮد‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪Inpatient‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ ‪ -‬اﻟﻌﯿﺎدات اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪Therm/o‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

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