PLMOEME ZLCEB_EMEEM ZLA@LCEDEPEM

ZLA@LCEDEPEM
(PZZ)

_etuem Zlmhghgbem 4 _AE Mlflrg ? Zergeaem

Aete Zlcederem 4 NG_GBE
Blces/ _lalstlr 4 [G / Flmep
Aetlrg Zibib 4 Flcia`emf @lrdecem hem Flcia`emf _tesgimlr  
Ecibesg Vebtu 4 0 Agmffu x 8 Dea Zlcederem (5DZ x 8< almgt)

E. Biapltlm
Biapltlmsg
sg Gmtg
BG 5 4 Almfkeyetg hem almfeaecbem ederem efeae yemf hgemutmye
BG 0 4 Almfk
Almfkeyetg,
eyetg, almfeaecbem
almfeaecbem plrgcebu
plrgcebu dudur,
dudur, hgsgpcgm,te
hgsgpcgm,temffu
mffumf
mf dewe`,
 plhucg (fitimf riyimf, blrdeseae,
blrdes eae, ticlrem, heaeg), semtum, rlspimsgn 
hem priebtgn hem almumdubbem sgbep sl`efeg `efgem herg sicusg
sicusg etes
 `lr`efeg plraesecekem hecea `lrgmtlrebsg sloere lnlbtgn hlmfem
cgmfbumfem sisgec hem ecea slrte hecea almlapetbem hgrg sl`efeg
olragmem `emfse hecea plrfeucem humge
BG ? 4 Al
Alae
aeke
keag
ag,, alml
almlrerepb
pbem
em,, almf
almfem
emec
ecgs
gsgs
gs pl
plmf
mflt
ltek
ekue
uem
m ne
nebt
btue
uec,
c,
bimslptuec
bimslptuec,, prislhurec
prislhurec `lrheserbem
`lrheserbem rese gmfgmtekum
gmfgmtekumye
ye tlmtemf
tlmtemf gcau
 plmfltekuem, tlbmicifg, slmg, `uheye,hem kuaemgire hlmfem
wewesem
wewesem blaemu
blaemusgee
sgeem,
m, bl`emf
bl`emfseem
seem,, blmlfe
blmlfereem
reem,, hem plrehe
plrehe`em
`em
tlrb
tlrbeg
egtt pl
plmy
myl`
l`e`
e` nl
nlmi
mial
alme
me he
hem
m bl
blde
dehg
hgem
em,, slrte
slrte alml
almlrep
repbe
bem
m
 plmfltekuem prislhurec pehe `ghemf bedgem yemf splsgngb slsueg
hlmfem `ebet hem agmetmye umtub alaloekbem aesecek.
aesece k.
BG 8 4 Alm
Almfi
ficek
cek,, almecer
almecer,, hem almyed
almyedgg hecea
hecea remek
remek bimbrl
bimbrltt hem remek
remek
e`streb
e`streb tlrbeg
tlrbegtt hlmfem
hlmfem plmfla
plmfla`em
`emfem
fem herg
herg yemf
yemf hgplced
hgplcedergm
ergmye
ye hg
slbice
slbicek
k sloere
sloere aemhgr
aemhgrg,h
g,hem
em aeapu
aeapu almffu
almffumeb
mebem
em altihe
altihe slsueg
slsueg
beghek blgcauem.

@. Biapltlmsg Heser
Heser hem Gmhgbetir Zl
Zlmoepegem
moepegem Biapltlmsg
Biapltlmsg
Zlrtlauem 5
?.7 Alm
Almfeme
femecg
cgsg
sgss `lse
sere
rem
m-`
-`ls
lser
erem
em ?.7.
?.7.5
5 Almfg
Almfghl
hlmt
mtgn
gngb
gbesg
esg pl
plmf
mflrt
lrtge
gem
m fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf
f
ngsgs
sgs flcia`emf tlfeb hem  `lrdecem
 

flcia`emf `lrdecem pehe ?.7.0 Alr

lru
uausbe
sbem plrse
sea
aeem flcia`emf
 `lr`efeg besus myete  `lrdecem
?.7.
?.7.?
? Almlm
Almlmtu
tube
bem
m nesl
nesl fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf
f
?.7.
?.7.8
8 Almfe
Almfeme
mecg
cgsgs
sgs ku
ku`u
`umf
mfem
em em
emter
teree `
`lse
lsere
rem-
m-
 `lserem ngsgs pehe flcia`emf `lrdecem

?.7.<
?.7.< Almfgh
Almfghlmt
lmtgng
gngbesg
besg suplrp
suplrpisg
isgsg
sg flcia
flcia`em
`emff
?.7.> Ala`lhebem gmtlrnlrlmsg secgmf
almf
almfue
uetb
tbem
em he
hem
m gm
gmtl
tlrn
rnlr
lrlm
lmsg
sg se
secg
cgmf
mf
alclaekbem
?.7.6
?.7.6 Almfgh
Almfghlmt
lmtgng
gngbesg
besg flcia`
flcia`emf
emf stesgim
stesgimlr 
lr 
?.7.; Alr
lru
uausbe
sbem plrse
sea
aeem-pl
-plrse
sea
aee
eem
m
flcia`emf stesgimlr 
?.7.
?.7.7
7 Almfe
Almfeme
mecg
cgsgs
sgs ku`um
ku`umfe
fem
m em
emte
tere
re `l
`lser
serem
em--
 `lserem ngsgs pehe flcia`emf stesgimlr 

?.7.
?.7.5:
5: Almfe
Almfeme
mecg
cgsgs
sgs ku
ku`u
`umf
mfem
em olpet
olpet rerea`
a`et
et
flcia`emf hlmfem blrepetem cgmler tecg,
hem tlfemfem tecg

8.7 Alcebubem plroi`eem flcia`emf 8.7.5 Almflaumfbebem flcia`emf `lrdecem

 `lrdecem hem flcia`emf stetgimlr, 8.7.0 Alce
Alcebu
bube
bem
m hl
hlai
aims
mstr
tres
esgg fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf
f
 `lslrte prlslmtesg kesgc hergaebme stesgimlr
ngsgsmye 8.7.? Alce
Alcebu
bube
bem
m pl
plro
roi`
i`ee
eem
m Alch
Alchll um
umtu
tub 
b 
alml
almlau
aube
bem
m ku
ku`u
`umf
mfem
em olpet
olpet re
rea`
a`et
et
fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf
f he
hem
m tlfem
tlfemfe
fem
m te
tecg
cg sl
sloe
oere
re
 `lrblciapib 

O. Xuduem Zla`lcederem
Zla`lcederem
_l
_ltl
tlce
cek
k alce
alcecu
cugg blfg
blfget
etem
em pla`
pla`lc
lced
eder
erem
em  Zri`cla @eslh Clermgmf hem
 Hgsoivlry Clermgmf   hlmfem
hlmfem almffumebe
almffumebem
m plmhlbetem
plmhlbetem segmtgngb hgpehubem
hgpehubem
hlmfem altihl hlaimstresg, lbsplrgalm, hgsbusg, hem olreaek plslrte hghgb 
aeapu
aeapu ala`em
ala`emfum
fum blsehe
blseherem
rem ebem
ebem bl`lser
bl`lserem
em Xukem
Xukem WAL hem aeapu
aeapu
almumdube
almumdubem
m sgbep brgtgs, dudur,
dudur, hgsgpcgm,
hgsgpcgm, rlspimsgn,
rlspimsgn, hem `lrtemffum
`lrtemffumf
f dewe`
hecea almfemecgsgs `lserem-`lserem ngsgs flcia`emf tlfeb hem flcia`emf

 `lrdecem pehe `lr`efeg besus myete slrte alcebubem plroi`eem flcia`emf

 `lrdecem hem flcia`emf stetgimlr, `lslrte prlslmtesg kesgc herg aebme ngsgsmye.

H. Aetlrg Zla`lcederem
Zla`lcederem
 

Zlrtlauem G
Nebte - Flcia`emf yemf tlrcgket pehe tecg seet hgeyumbem
- Flcia`emf
Flcia`emf egr ceut yemf hetemf herg tlmfek ceut hem `lrklmtg
`lrklmtg hg tlpg
 pemteg eteu tl`gmf
- Flcia`emf egr tlrdehg berlme ehemye usgbem herg cuer slplrtg uhere
- Heweg fgter yemf `lrflter bltgbe hgpltgb 
- Egr yemf
yemf `lrflc
`lrflcia`
ia`emf
emf bltgbe
bltgbe hg`lrg
hg`lrg femffu
femffuem
em (hgdet
(hgdetukb
ukbem
em `etu
`etu
blhecea egr)
- Flcia`emf egr ceut yemf tlrcgket hg tlpg pemteg
- Flcia`emf yemf tlrdehg pehe flmemfem egr seet kudem turum
- Heweg olcci `lrflter seet hgpltgb plaegmmye
Bimslp - Flcia`
Flcia`emfemf `lrdec
`lrdecem
em ehecek
ehecek flcia`
flcia`emf
emf albemg
albemgbb yemf
yemf alrea`
alrea`etet
hlmfem Eapcgtuhi yemf tltep.
- Hue tgtgb pehe flcia`emf hgbetebem slnesl epe`gce hue flcia`emf
 pehe seet yemf seae slcecu alagcgbg sgapemfem yemf `lrtemhe seae.
- Hue tgtgb
tgtgb pehe
pehe flcia`
flcia`emf
emf hgbeteb
hgbetebem
em `lrcew
`lrceweme
emem
m nesl epe`gc
epe`gcee hue

flcia`
flcia`emf
emf pehe
pehe seet yemf
yemf seae
seae slcecu
slcecu alagcg
alagcgbgbg sgapem
sgapemfem
fem yemf
yemf
 `lr`lhe temhe.
- Gmtlrnlrlmsg flcia`emf ehecek plrpehuem eteu suplrpisgsg flcia`emf
bltgbe hue flcia`emf eteu cl`gk tg`e hgtlapet yemf seae pehe seet
yemf seae. Gmtlrnlrlmsg ehe hue yegtu gmtlrnlrlmsg secgmf almfuetbem
hem gmtlrnlrlmsg secgmf alclaekbem
- Flcia`
Flc ia`emf
emf stesgim
stesgimlr
lr ehecek
ehecek flcia`
flcia`emf
emf albemg
albemgb b yemf
yemf alrea`
alrea`et
et
hlmfem Eapcgtuhi `lru`ek.
- Flcia`emf
Flcia `emf stesgimlr tlrdehg berlme suplrpisgsg
suplrpisgsg emtere flcia`emf
flcia`emf
he
hete
temf
mf hehem
m flflci
cia`
a`em
emff pe
pemt
mtuc
uc ye
yemf
mf `l`lrd
rdec
ecem
em he
hece
cea
a ererek
ek ye
yemf
mf
 `lrcewemem yemf alagcgbg eapcgtuhi slrte nrlbulmsg yemf seae.
- Flcia`emf stesgimlr alagcgbg ogrg-ogrg, yegtu tlrhgrg etes sgapuc hem
 plrut.
- Flcia`emf stesgimlr tlrhgrg herg Flcia`emf stesgimlr udumf tltep hem
flcia`emf stesgimlr udumf `l`es.
- Ire
Iremf
mf yemf
yemf plrtea
plrteaee becg
becg alcebu
alcebubem
bem plroi`
plroi`eem
eem almfub
almfubur
ur olpet
olpet
re
rea`
a`et
et fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf f eh
ehec
ecek
ek Alch
Alchl,
l, sl
slkg
kgmf
mffe
fe pl
plro
roi`
i`eem
eem tl
tlrsl
rsl`u
`utt
hgblmec hlmfem sl`utem Zlroi`eem Alchl
Zrgmsgp - Zlrseaeem uaua flcia`emf `lrdecem
 y 1 E ois (χt µbx )
- Zlrseaeem blolpetem pertgblc hgsuetu tgtgb 
v p 1∐χ E sgm ( χt µ bx )
- Zlrseaeem plrolpetem pertgblc
0 0
e p1∐χ  E ois ( χt ∐bx ) eteue p 1∐χ  y
_l`efeg oimtik sl`uek flcia`emf hlmfem plrseaeem4
 y 51 E ois ( χt + bx )
Hgpehubem hlmfem flcia`emf blhue yemf alapumyeg nrlbulmsg
 

hem eapcgtuhi yemf seae, tltepg `lr`lhe nesl sl`lser  aebe plrseaeem
flcia`emf blhue hepet hgtucgs sl`efeg `lrgbut4
 y 01 E ois ( χt ∐ bx )
Zlrpehuem emtere blhue flcia`emf tlrsl`ut ehecek4
 y 1 y5 + y 0

 y ( x ,t )1 E ois (χt + bx )+ E ois ( χt ∐bx )

5  5
 y ( x , t )10 E ois ( χt + bx + χt ∐bx ¹ ) . ois ( ¹ χt + bx ∐χt + bx ) ¹ ¹
0 0
- Ku`umf
Ku`u mfem
em bl
blol
olpe
pete
tem
m su
suhu
hutt hl
hlmf
mfem
em nrlbu
nrlbulm
lmsg
sg pe
pehe
he fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf
f
stesgimlr 
χ1 0ᴫn 
- Ku`umfem bimstemte hlmfem pemdemf flcia`emf
0 ᴫ 
b1
 β
- Ku`umfem blolpetem flcia`emf, nrlbulmsg hem pemdemf flcia`emf
v1 β n 
- Niraucesg flcia`emf stesgimlr pehe udumf tltep
_gapemfem suetu tgtgb pehe dereb x herg tgtgb eouem yemf hgsl`e`bem
iclk aesgmf-aesgmf flcia`emf hepet hgmyetebem sloere aetlaetgs
sl`efeg
y5 1 E sgm (χt - bx)
y0 1 E sgm (χt +bx)
- Hlmfem y5 1 flcia`emf hetemf hem Hlmfem y0 1 flcia`emf pemtuc.
_gapemfem rlsuctem y hgplriclk hlmfem plrseaeem4
y1 y5 + y0

y1 0E sgm bx.ois χt *)
 plrseaeem *) ehecek plrseaeem sgapemfem flcia`emf stesgimlr 
hlmfem eapcgtuhimye4 0E sgm bx
Bltlremfem4
y 1 sgapemfem flcia`emf hlmfem setuem a
E 1 eapcgtuhi
eapcgtuhi flcia`emf hlmfem setuem a
χ 1 0ϊn
0ϊn 1 blolpetem suhut hlmfem setuem reh/s
b 1 0ϊ/β 1 `gcemfem flcia`emf
x 1 dereb yemf hgtlapuk flcia`emf hlmfem setuem
Zrislhur     Alcebubem hlaimstresg flcia`emf `lrdecem

 Alcebubem hlaimstresg tlmtemf plrgstgwe suplrpisgsg flcia`emf

 Alcebubem hlaimstresg flcia`emf stesgimlr 

 Alcebubem plroi`eem Alchl

L. Altihl
Altihl Zla`lceder
Zla`lcederem
em
 

Aihl
Aihlcc Zla`
Zla`lc
lced
eder
erem
em 4 Zri`cla @eslh Clermgmf
Zlmhlbetem 4 _egmtgngb 
Altihl 4 Hlaimstresg, hgsbusg, temye dewe`, hem olreaek

N. Alhge
Alhge Zla`lce
Zla`lcedere
derem
m

Alhge 4^ghli/fea`er, spghic, pepem tucgs

Ecet 4 _cgmbg
@ekem 4 Xecg hem `l`em

F. _ua`lr @lceder

 @i` Nistlr. 0:58. Ebslclresg

0:58. Ebslclresg Ngsgbe \mtub _AE/AE Blces [G . Deberte4 Hute.

 Gmhertg hbb . 0:5>. @ubu

0:5>. @ubu _gswe Ngsgbe \mtub _AE/AE
_AE/AE . Deberte4 Alhgeteae.

 Bltu
Bltutt Beae
Beaede
deye
ye hem
hem Vewe
Vewem
m Zurm
Zurmea
eae.
e. 0:5>
0:5>..  @ubu _gswe Ebtgn hem Brletgn
 @lceder Ngsgbe. @emhumf4 Frengmhi.
 Aertklm Bemfgmem.0:56. Ngsgbe
Bemfgmem.0:56. Ngsgbe umtub _AE Blces [G . Ogaekg4 Lrcemffe
 CB_ Gmtem Zergwere
 nerokemg
nerokemg risygh, aukeaaeh hem hbb.0:5>.
hbb.0:5>.  @ubu sgswe bedgem bimslp ngsgbe 0 umtub 
blces [G _AE hem AE.
AE. _ici4 tgfe slremfbeg
 _ua`lr cegm yemf rlclvem (slplrt l`iib hem gmlrml)

K. Cemfbek-Cemfbek
Cemfbek-Cemfbek Zla`lcederem
Zla`lcederem
Zlrtlauem G
Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
Zlmhekucuem
 Alcebubem pla`ubeem  Almdewe` secea 5:
hlmfem secea Almgt

 Alaplrsgepbem ngsgb hem  Alaplrsgepbem ngsgb hem psgbgs

 psgbgs plslrte hghgb
alcgputg almflolb
blkehgrem, almflolb
bleheem plslrte hghgb
hem bleheem blces

 Ala`lrgbem plrtemyeem Almdewe` plrtemyeem almflmeg
 `lrbegtem plcederem aetlrg flcia`emf albemgb 
sl`lcuamye almflmeg
flcia`emf albemgb
 Almemffepg aitgvesg yemf
 Alaitgvesg hlmfem
 

Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
almolrgtebem flcia`emf ceut hg`lrgbem furu
sl`efeg oimtik herg
flcia`emf `lrdecem hem
hghecea ecqurem suhek
hgdlcesbem yemf ertgmye

 Hem hgemtere temhe

temhe -temhe
blbueseem-Mye gecek `ekwe
 Hge almfgrgabem emfgm
 sl`efeg pla`ewe `lrgte
 fla`gre hem umtub 
alresebem blpeheau
 sl`efgem herg rekaet-Mye
hem supeye bepec hepet
`lrceyer hlmfem plrgmtek-
 Mye hem supeye beau hepet
almoerg berumge-Mye,

auhek-auheke
auhek-auhekem m beau
`lrsyubur." (Er-Puua48>)  Almhlmferbem plmdlcesem furu
 Almyl`utbem tuduem

 pla`lcederem hem
oebupem aetlrg
flcia`emf `lrdecem hem
flcia`emf stesgimlr
udumf tlrgbet

Blfgetem Gmtg
Almfeaetg 55<
 Nesl 54

Irglemtesg Alagmte hue iremf plslrte  Almfflrebbem tecg bl bemem hem Almgt
hghgb umtub
bl bgrg
_gswe Zehe almhlaimstresgbem
flcia`emf pehe tecg.  Almfeaetg hlaimstresg yemf
 Aesecek
 Alagmte plslrte hghgb umtub hgcebubem tlaemmye
almhlaimstresgbem plrgstgwe Almemye
suplrpisgsg flcia`emf pehe
 Zlrbgreem plrtemyem plslrte hghgb 
tecg
4
 Alaemogmf plslrte hghgb
almemyebem kesgc
 Almfepe dgbe bgte almfflrebbem

 plmfeaetemmye. tecg bl etes hem bl`ewek

b l`ewek ebem

almfkesgcbem flcia`emf hecea

tecg9
 Almflaubebem `lr`efeg
 plagbgremmye slrte `lrtemye
 

Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
tlmtemf plmfeaetem yemf tlcek
hgcebubem.
 Almdlcesbem aetlrg  Almhlmferbem plmdlcesem furu
flcia`emf `lrdecem
sl`efeg plmfltekuem
ewec
 Nesl 04  Ala`efg Zlslrte hghgb  Huhub `lrblciapib slsueg hlmfem
 Almfirfemgse almdehg `l`lrepe erekem furu
 sg _gswe \mtub  blciapib 
 @lceder 
 Nesl ?4  Ala`ga`gmf plslrte Almoi`e
 Ala`ga`gmf hghgb `lrhgsbusg   Alcebubem hgsbusg
 Gmhgvghuec/ Almecer

 Blciapib 
 Nesl 84  Ala`ga`gmf sltgep
 Almfla`emfb  blciapib
em hem alaprlslmtesgbem kesgc
 Almyedgbem hgsbusg
 Kesgc Berye
 Nesl <4  Almgceg kesgc plroi`eem
 Almfemecgsgs yemf hgteapgcbem
hem  Almemffepg kesgc
 Almflvecuesg  prlslmtesg ala`lrgbem
 Zrisls  plmfuetem, plaekeaem
 Zlaloekem eteu almfbcergngbesg
 Aesecek agsbimslpsg
 Almhgsbusgbem plrseaeem
flcia`emf `lrdecem hem
ku`umfem emtere `lserem-
 `lserem ngsgsmye, slrte
 plr`lheem suhut nesl, nesl,
hem `lhe nesl hecea
flcia`emf hem almoerg
 
Zlslrte hghgb almficek hem
almfemecgsgs gmniraesg umtub
almfemecgsgs fea`er yemf
hg`lrgbem
Almfbiaumgbesg
  Alaprlslmtesg kesgc blrde
blciapib 
  Almfuapucbem kesgc blrde
blciapib/ kesgc prlslmtesg
 Almhlmferbem plmdlcesem furu
  Almhlmferbem plmfuetem aetlrg
herg furu
 @lrseae furu almhgsbusgbem
 plrseaeem flcia`emf `lrdecem
hem ku`umfem emtere `lserem-
 `lserem ngsgsmye, slrte plr`lheem
suhut nesl, nesl, hem `lhe nesl
hecea flcia`emf hem almoerg
teku aemneet alaplcederg
flcia`emf stesgimlr udumf tlrgbet
 

Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
teku aemneet hecea blkghupem slkerg-kerg
 pla`lcederem flcia`emf
stesgimlr udumf tlrgbet
hecea blkghupem slkerg-
kerg

Blfgetem Zlmutup
  Ala`lrgbem plmfkerfeem Almhlmferbem furu 5:
blpehe blciapib yemf Almgt
tlr`egb 
  Ala`ga`gmf plslrte   Almygapucbem aetlrg
hghgb almygapucbem  pla`lcederem hem aemneet
aetlrg pla`lcederem kerg alaplcederg flcia`emf `lrdecem

gmg hem almoerg teku hem flcia`emf stesgimlr udumf

aemneet herg aetlrg tlrgbet
flcia`emf `lrdecem hecea
 plpetek agmemf

Ia`eb hgtemtemf aemudu

 puceu, cege hgbea`emf
aememtemf emfgm.

\mtub almoepeg suetu

tuduem hem ogte-ogte

slmemtgese almfeceag
oi`eem hem rgmtemfem
 Almygapucbem
 pla`lcederem flcia`emf
stesgimlr udumf tlrgbet
hecea blkghupem slkerg-
kerg  Almhlmferbem plmdlcesem furu

  Almyeapegbem aetlrg
 plrtlauem `lrgbutmye

tlmtemf flcia`emf
stesgimlr udumf `l`es
 Almutup pla`lcederem
 

Zlrtlauem GG
Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
Zlmhekucuem
 Alcebubem pla`ubeem  Almdewe` secea furu 5:
hlmfem secea Almgt

 Alaplrsgepbem ngsgb hem  Almygepbem hgrg umtub almfgbutg

 psgbgs plslrte hghgb  pla`lcederem
alcgputg almflolb
blkehgrem, almflolb
bleheem plslrte hghgb
hem bleheem blces
 Almemyebem  Almdewe` plrtemyeem herg furu
 plaekeaem plslrte
hghgb tlmtemf plcederem
agmffu cecu yegtu
suplrpisgsg flcia`emf.
 Aesgk gmfetbek ememhe
ememhe
tlmtemf suplrpisgsg hem
gmtlrnlrlmsg flcia`emf
 yemf tlcek bgte plcederg
 pehe plrtlauem
 sl`lcuamye9  Almdewe` plrtemyeem furu
  Alaitgvesg plslrte hghgb 
hlmfem almemyebem4
 Zlrmekbek ememhe
ememhe
 plrmek alaplrketgbem
 flcia`emf egr ceut hg
tlpg pemteg9 @efegaeme
`lmtub flcia`emf
tlrsl`ut9 Almfepe egr
ceut tlrsl`ut tgheb  Almhlmferbem plmdlcesem furu
ala`emdgrg `g`gr
 pemteg9
 Almfegtbem aetlrg
sl`lcuamye tlmtemf `lserem-
 Almhlmferbem furu almyeapegbem
 `lserem ngsgs pehe flcia`emf
stesgimlr 
 

_gmteb Blfgetem Furu
 Almyeapegbem tuduem
 pla`lcederem hem
oebupem aetlrg yemf
ebem hgplcederg kerg gmg
Blfgetem Gmtg
 Nesl 54
Irglemtesg  Alagmte plslrte hghgb
_gswe Zehe umtub alcgket fea`er
 Aesecek flcia`emf stesgimlr
 Alagmte plslrte hghgb
almflaubebem kesgc
 plmfeaetemmye.
Ecibesg
Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
tuduem pla`lcederem
Almfeaetg 55<
Almfeaetg fea`er  Almgt
Almemye
 Almflaubebem `lr`efeg
 plagbgremmye slrte `lrtemye tlmtemf
 plmfeaetem yemf tlcek hgcebubem.

–`lrheserbem fea`er
 yemf tlcek bgte eaetg tehg,
oi`e ememhe blaubebem
`efegaem plagbgrem
ememhe tlmtemf
 flcia`emf stesgimlr9
 Hem blaubebem dufe
 plrtemyeem-plrtemyeem
epe yemf ehe hecea

 pgbgrem ememhe slaue.

 Furu alaitgvesg plslrte
hghgb hlmfem sl`uek fgter.
 Zlrmekbek ememhe `lraegm
 fgter9 @lrepebek slmer yemf
tlrhepet pehe fgter9 Epebek
 slaue slmer alagcgbg
bltl`ecem yemf seae9 Epe
 yemf hgcebubem slsliremf
 seet almyltlc fgter9Epe
tuduemmye9

 Nesl 04 Almoi`e
 Almfirfemgse  Ala`lmtub blciapib   Huhub hecea blciapib `lceder
 sg _gswe \mtub   plslrte hghgb sloere yemf tlcek hg `lmtub iclk furu
 @lceder  kltlriflm, hem
 

Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
almdlcesbem blfgetem
yemf ebem hgcebubem
iclk plslrte hghgb.
 Almf
Almferekbe
erekbem
m plslrte hghgb 
umtub alaloekbem
 plraesecekem yemf
hgsedgbem
 Ala
Ala`ga
`ga`gm
`gmf
f plslrte
plslrte hghgb 
hghgb 
umtub huhub `lrblciapib 
yemf tlcek hgtlmtubem
 Ala`efgbem ecet hem `ekem
 plroi`eem pehe tgep
blciapib.
 Ala`ga`gmf plslrte
hghgb alcebubem
 plroi`eem tlmtemf olpet
rea`et flcia`emf
(plroi`eem Alchl)
 Nesl ?4  Almferekbem plslrte  Almfuapucbem gmniraesg tlrbegt
 Ala`ga`gmf hghgb umtub aetlrg hem tufes yemf ebem
 Gmhgvghuec/ almfuapucbem `lr`efeg hgcebubem herg `lr`efeg sua`lr
 Blciapib  gmniraesg tlrbegt aetlrg  `ubu yemf rlclvem hlmfem tlcgtg.
 plcederem hem tufes yemf
ebem hgblrdebem herg  @lblrde seae hecea blciapib
 `lr`efeg sua`lr `ubu. almhgsbusgbem tufes yemf ehe
 Ala`efgbem CB_ hecea CB_ hg`ewek `ga`gamfem
blpehe aesgmf-aesgmf furu.
blciapib `lceder, hem
ala`ga`gmf plslrte
hghgb hecea `lrhgsbusg.
 Nesl 84 Almfbiaumgbesgbem

 Almfla`emfb   Alagmte plslrte hghgb  Almfbiaumgbesgbem kesgc

em hem almfbiaumgbesgbem hgsbusgmye hlmfem oere prlslmtesg
 Almyedgbem kesgc hgsbusg yemf tlcek hg hlpem blces hlmfem
 Kesgc Berye hgcebubem sloere  `lrtemffumf dewe`
 

_gmteb Blfgetem Furu
 `lrtemffumf dewe`
 Almferekbem plslrte
hghgb umtub almemffepg
kesgc hgsbusg blciapib
blciapib cegm
Ecibesg
Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
 Blciapib cegm almemffepg kesgc
hgsbusg blciapib cegm hlmfem
sipem, hem blciapib teapgc
almemffepg temffepem herg
blciapib cegm

 Nesl <4   Almflvecuesg kesgc  Alaplr`egbg plaekeaemmye

 Almfemecgsgs hgsbusg blces hem  `lrheserbem lvecuesg furu.
hem alaplr`egbg
 Almflvecuesg agsbimslpsg aetlrg
 Zrisls
 Zlaloekem
 Aesecek
Blfgetem Zlmutup
  Ala`ga`gmf plslrte Almygapucbem aetlrg
  5:
hghgb almygapucbem  pla`lcederem hem almoerg teku Almgt
aetlrg hem
hem almoerg teku aemneet alaplcederg flcia`emf
aemneet pla`lcederem stesgimlr hecea blkghupem slkerg-
flcia`emf stesgimlr kerg slrte aemneet alaplcederg
hecea blkghupem slkerg-  plroi`eem alchl
kerg
 Almferekbem plslrte
hgh
hghgb umtu
mtub ala
ala`
`uet
uet
blsg
sga
apucem herg kesg
sgcc
 pla`lcederem hem
ala`
ala`lr
lrgbe
gbem
m pl
plmf
mfue
uete
tem
m  Almflrdebem lvecuesg
aetlrg slrte almoerg teku   Almoetet tufes ruaek yemf
aemneet alaplcede
ederg hg`lrgbem furu
 plroi`eem alchl
  Ala`lrgbem uapem
 `ecgb pisgtgn hem
 plmfuetem hecea `lmtub  

Almhlmferbem plmdlcesem furu

cgsem, tucgsem, aeupum
gsyeret.
 Ala`lrgbem lvecuesg
 

Ecibesg
_gmteb Blfgetem Furu Blfgetem Zlslrte Hghgb  
Vebtu
  Ala`lrgbem tufes
ruaek blpehe plslrte
hghgb hem hgbuapucbem
 pehe plrtlauem
 `lrgbutmye
  Almutup pla`lcederem

G. Zlmgce
Zlmgcegem
gem Kesgc
Kesgc Zla`l
Zla`lced
cedere
erem
m

Esplb Xlbmgb Zlmgcegem Gmstrualm Bltlremfem

_gbep I`slrvesg Cla`er I`slrvesg Ceapgrem G

Zgcgkem femhe Ceapgrem GG

Zlm
Zlmflte
flteku
kuem
em Xls tlrt
tlrtu
ucgs
cgs
Lssey

Bltl
Bltlre
reap
apgc
gcem
em Zl
Zlmg
mgce
cege
gem
m umd
umdub
ub blrd
blrdee Nira
Niraet
et plmg
plmgce
cege
gem
m umd
umdub
ub bl
blrd
rdee Ceap
Ceapgr
grem
em GGG
GGG

Almfltekug, Zergeaem, 0:0:

Blpece _lbicek _AEM ? Zergeaem Furu Aete Zlcederem,

Hr
Hrss.K. Ecg
E cgze
zera
raem
em,, AA Petme Xemdumf, _ph, AA
 MGZ.57>8:7:85770:?5::6
 MGZ.57>8:7:857 70:?5::6  MGZ. 57;5:>:50::<:50:50
57;5:>:50::<:50:50
 

Ceapgrem G

5. Xlbm
Xlbmgb
gb Zlm
Zlmgcgceg
egem
em
e. _gbep
  Zlmgcegem I`slrvesg
Zlmgce
Zlm gcegem
gem i`slrv
i`slrvesg
esg `lrhes
`lrheserb
erbem
em plmfea
plmfeaete
etem
m sgbep
sgbep hem plrgceb
plrgcebu
u plslrt
plslrtee hghgb 
hghgb 
slker
slkerg-k
g-ker
erg,
g, `e
`egb
gb tlrb
tlrbeg
egtt he
hecea
cea pr
pris
isls
ls pl
pla`
a`lc
lcede
edere
rem
m aeup
aeupum
um sloer
sloeree uaua
uaua..
Zlmfeaetem cemfsumf hgcebubem iclk furu.

@lrgbut oimtik gmstrualm plmgcegem sgbep

Blces [G.GZE.8

Duacek _bir Bihl

  Esplb Zlrgcebu yemf Hgmgceg _bir _gbep Mgceg
Mi Meae _gswe @_ DD XD H_
5 EHGXWE B\PMGE Z 7: ;< 7: ;< ?<: ;6.< _@
0 EKAEH HEMG 7: ;< 7: ;< ?<: ;6.< _@
? ECNGEM 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
8 EW\MG TEKEPE 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
< ETGTEK HVG K 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
> @GMXEMF ECNEXK 7: ;< 7: ;< ?<: ;6.< _@
6 NEPLMXGME _ 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
; NL@W WICE 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
7 NLMXG GMHEK A 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
5: NGXPG_E P 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
55 NPG_OE EMHPGEMG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
50 KEPPG_ DEM\EPHG 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
5? GAEA PG_BW 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
58 A NEMHW W\HKE NX 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
5< A PGTBGW\CGEMHPG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
5> AL_ECGE AEKEPEMG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
56 A\K AEH GU@EC P 7: ;< 7: ;< ?<: ;6.< _@

5; A DKIPHG K 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@

57 A PGWEHK\C EMVEP 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
0: A\KEAAEH PGTBG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
05 M\P\C NGBPGEMG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
00 PEXGK _\KEGMG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
0? PETGB AE\CEME 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
08 PI@G PEATE Z\XPE 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
0< _LZXGE HVG L 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
0> _GC^GE KLPAEM 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
06 _WEPVEM_WEK 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
0; XLF\K M\FPEKE 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
07 \CEM PGTBG G 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
?: \_VEX\M _WEPGEK 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
?5 ^GIME ^GXPGEME 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
?0 VLCGMHE KECGHE E 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
?? VGCCW _WEKPGME P 7: ;< 7: 7: ?<< ;;.6< _@
?8 VGMHKE W\CGEMXG 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
?< OKGMHW E\CGE Z 7: 7: 7: 7: ?>: 7: _@
 

 Bltlremfem 4
• @_ 4 @lb
@lblrlrde
de _e
_eae
ae
• DD 4 Dudur 
• XD 4 Xem
Xemff
ffum
um Dewe
Dewe`
`
• H_ 4 Hgsgp
sgpcgm

Oetetem 4
5. Esplb plrgcebu
plrgcebu hgmgceg
hgmgceg hlmfem
hlmfem brgtlrge4
brgtlrge4

5::
6< 11 _emfet
@egb  @egb 
<: 1 Oubup
0< 1 Buremf
0. _bir aebsgaec 1 duacek sgbep yemf hgmgceg hgbecgbem
hgbecgbem duacek brgtlrge 1 5:: x 8 1 8::
8::
?. _bir sgbep 1 duacek
duacek sbir hg`efg duacek sgbep yemf hgmgceg 1 06< 4 8 1 >;,6<
8. Bihl
Bihl mgceg
mgceg / prlhgbe
prlhgbett 4
6<,:5 ‟ 5::,:: 1 _emfet @egb (_@)
<:,:5 ‟ 6<,:: 1 @egb (@)
0<,:5 ‟ <:,:: 1 Oubup (O)
::,:: ‟ 0<,:: 1 Buremf (B)
<. Niraet hg etes hepet hgu`ek slsueg hlmfem esplb plrgcebu yemf gmfgm hgmgceg

Ceapgrem GG
`. Zlmflt
Zlmflteku
ekuem
em

- Xlrtucgs \regem hem eteu Zgcgkem Femhe 

Lvecuesg

Aetl
Aetlrg
rg Zl
Zlce
cede
dere
rem
m4 5. Ogrg
Ogrg-o
-ogr
grgg flc
flcia
ia`e
`emf
mf albe
albemg
mgb 
b 

0. Flcia`emf `lrdecem hem flcia`emf _tesgimlr 

Esslsalm 4

E. I`dl
I`dlbt
btgn 
gn 

\K 0 _LAL_XLP FLMEZ BLCE_ G[ GZE

AEXLPG FLCIA@EMF

 MEAE 4
 

_IEC I@DLBXGN 4

5. Herg sueu
sueu lape
lape bllape
bllape yemf
yemf ceg
cegmmye
mmye flcia`
flcia`emf
emf alagmhe
alagmhekbem.
kbem.....
....
E. Aesse
@. Eapcguhi
O. Ze
Zemd
mdem
emf
f Flc
Flcia
ia`e
`emf
mf
H. Lmlrfg
L. Nesl
0. _ee hgpeser
hgpeser bge
bge aesgk `gse
`gse `lr`goere
`lr`goere hlmfem
hlmfem laem
laem bge weceupu
weceupum
m `emyeb suere
suere iremf
iremf yemf
slhemf `lr`goere eeu `lrlrgeb, gmg almemhebem `ekwe flcia`emf alagcgbg sgne bkusus
yegu…..
E. Gmnlrlmsg
@. Gm
Gmlrnl
lrnlrl
rlms
msgg
O. Biklrlmsg
H. Em
Emt
t ua`u
ua`ube
bem
m
L. hgsplrsg
?. @lrgbu
@lrgbu gmg sgne-sgne
sgne-sgne flcia`emf
flcia`emf cimfguhgme
cimfguhgmec.....
c.....
5) Xlrhgr
Xlrhgrgg herg
herg repe
repeem
em hem rlmffe
rlmffemfe
mfem
m
0) Xlrh
Xlrhgr
grgg herg
herg `ubg
`ubg hem
hem cla`
cla`ek
ek
?) Fler
Fleremm
emmyeye sldede
sldederr hlm
hlmfem
fem er
erek
ek rea`e
rea`emye
mye
8) _eu pemdem
pemdemf
f flci
flcia`emf
a`emf ehecek
ehecek dereb hue `ubg
`ubg yemf
yemf `lrhlbe
`lrhlbeem
em

Zlremyeem yemf `lmer ehecek…..

E. 5, 0, & ?
@. 0, ? & 8
O. 5 & ?
H. 0 & 8
L. 8 sede
8. @reylm
@reylm plrfg `lrlmem
`lrlmemf
f bl Agnem , sseapeg
eapeg hgseme
hgseme `reylm
`reylm alcgke
alcgke bicea
bicea yemf slebem-
slebem-ebem
ebem
lrcgke hemfbec, meaum see `reylm aesub blhecea bicea lrsl`u lrmyee biceamye semfe
hecea, kec gmg alrupebem bereblrgstb flcia`emf yegu…..
E. Zlaemucem
@. Zla`gesem
O. Hgnrebsg
H. _u
_up
plrpis
rpisgs
gsgg
L. Gmlrnlrlmsg
<. Zlceyemfem
Zlceyemfem lrdehg
lrdehg berlme
berlme ehemy
ehemye
e gmlrnl
gmlrnlrlmsg
rlmsg…..
…..
E. Cl`gk herg hue flcia`emf
flcia`emf yemf
yemf seae
seae nrlbul
nrlbulmsgmy
msgmye
e
@. Hue flcia
flcia`em
`emf
f yemf `lrce
`lrcewem
wemem
em ere
erek
k flermy
flermye
e
O. Hue flci
flcia`e
a`emf
mf yemf
yemf seae
seae nrl
nrlbul
bulmsg
msgmye
mye
H. Hue flcia`emf
flcia`emf yemf `lhe nrlbu
nrlbulmsgm
lmsgmye
ye `lser
`lser
L. Hue flci
flcia`e
a`emf
mf yemf
yemf `lhe
`lhe nr
nrlbu
lbulms
lmsgmy
gmye
e blogc
blogc

>. _lues
_lues ecg pemdemfm
pemdemfmye
ye < allr.
allr. _ee hg`lrgbem
hg`lrgbem flerem
flerem pehe
pehe ecg lr`lm
lr`lmub
ub flcia`emf
flcia`emf
remsvlrsec yemf hgaeme olpe rea`emye sl`lser 8:: a/s, aebe nrlbulmsg yemf hgplriclk
sl`lser…..
E. ;: Kz
 

@. 8: Kz
O. ?: Kz
H. 0: Kz
L. 5:: Kz
6. Zehe sueu
sueu see, flcia`e
flcia`emf
mf remsvlrsec
remsvlrsec sl`efeg
sl`efeg numfsg
numfsg herg lape
lape blhuhubem
blhuhubem [ hgfea`erb
hgfea`erbem
em
sl`efeg `lrgbu.

Hue ttb yemf neslmye seae ehecek…

E. E hem O
@. O hem N
O. E hem @
H. O hem H
L. E hem L
;. Zehe ecg
ecg yemf pemdemfm
pemdemfmye
ye 0 a hem udumfmye
udumfmye lrgbe
lrgbe pehe
pehe temf ta`ucbe
ta`ucbem
m flcia`emf
flcia`emf sesgimlr
sesgimlr
 dgbe lr`lmub < flcia`emf
flcia`emf plmuk, cleb plru yemf bl
bltfe
tfe hgkgumf herg udumf lrgbe eh
ehecek…..
ecek…..
E. :,5: a
@. :,?: a
O. 5,:: a
H. :,<: a
L. :,>: a
7. Zehe ecg
ecg yemf pemdemfm
pemdemfmye
ye 0 a hem udumfmye
udumfmye lrgbe
lrgbe pehe
pehe temf ta`ucbe
ta`ucbem
m flcia`emf
flcia`emf sesgimlr
sesgimlr
 dgbe lr`lmub < flcia`emf
flcia`emf plmuk, cleb sgapuc yemf b
bltfe
ltfe hgkgumf herg udumf `l`es ehecek…..
E. :,5: a
@. :,?: a
O. 5,:: a
H. :,<: a
L. :,>: a
5:. _lpiimf fe`us `lrflreb
`lrflreb megb urum h
hgplraubeem
gplraubeem egr bltbe
bltbe hgclwet sl`uek
sl`uek flcia`emf.
Flcia`emf lrsl`u almlapuk dereb 7 a hecea webu ?: s. `gce fe`us lrsl`u `lrflreb megb
urum 0 becg hecea ? s aebe mgceg pemdemf flcia`emf lrsl`u ehecek…..
E. ?: oa
@. 8< oa
O. >: oa
H. 6< oa
L. 7: oa

@. Lssey

Lssey 4

5. @lrgbu
@lrgbu ehecek
ehecek fea`er
fea`er flcia
flcia`em
`emf
f remsvl
remsvlrse
rsec.
c.
 

m 10

0 β1 ¹5> oa

e)   β 1; oa
m 0 5
`)   n 1  1 1  Kz
t  ; 8
5
 1 8 slbim
o)   X 1 n  1
Xlmubem 4

E. Ze
Zemd
mdem
emf
f flci
flcia`
a`em
emf
f
@. Nrlb
Nrlbul
ulms
msgg flcia
flcia`e
`emf
mf
O. Zl
Zlrg
rgih
ihl
l flc
flcia
ia`e
`emf
mf
H. Ol
Olpe
pe rea`
rea`e
e flc
flcia
ia`e
`emf
mf

0.

m 10

0 β1 ¹8: oa

E @ e ¹ β 10: oa
m 0
Zlrketbem flcia`emf `lrgbu, dgbe dereb E@18: a, ` ¹ n 1  1 1:,8 Kz
 hglapuk hecea webu < s. kgumfcek
t  <
e. ZeZemd
mdem
emf
f fl
flci
cia`
a`em
emf
f
o ¹ v 1 βn 10: x :,8 1; a /
`. Nrlb
Nrlbul
ulms
msgg flcia
flcia`e
`emf
mf
o. Olpe
Olpe rea`
rea`e
e flc
flcia
ia`e
`emf
mf

?. _l`uek
_l`uek flcia`emf
flcia`emf alrea`e
alrea`e herg
herg sua`lr
sua`lr _ bl bemem
bemem hlmfem blcedu
blceduem
em ; a/s, nrlbulms
nrlbulmsgg 5> Kz
eapcguhi 8 oa. Flcia`emf gu alcecug ttb Z yemf `lrdereb
`lrdereb 7 ± a herg dereb _. dgbe _ lcek
 a flreb plreaemye blees
`lrfler 5 ³ hltb hem erek 5  5
15> Kz E 1 8 oa x 1 7 aaebe
v 1;   n   1
sgapemfem ttb Z see gu ehecek…..
t 15 15,0< hltgb 
s 0 8

v 1 βn ← ; 1 β 5> ← β1 :,< a

0 ϊ  0 ϊ 
b 1  1 18 ϊ 
 β :,<

 yp 1 E sgm ( χt ∐bx )1:,:8sgm ( ?0 ϊt ∐ 8 ϊx ) 1:,:8 sgm ( ?0 ϊ ( 5,0< )∐ 8 ϊ  (
:,:8  (7,< ))

5
8. Hue `uek
`uek flcia`em
flcia`emf
f remsvlr
remsvlrsec
sec aesgmf-
aesgmf-aesgm
aesgmf
f alagcgbg
alagcgbg plrsea
plrseaeem (-  x ) hem
eem y51 :,0 sgm 8 ϊ   (-
8
5
 (+  x ), x hem y hecea allr slre  hecea slbim. Flcia`emf alrea`e
y01 :,0 sgm 8 ϊ  (+
8
`lrcewemem erek seu hlmfem yemf cegm pehe slues ecg hlmfem udumf `l`es. Dereb emere plru
blhue hem sgapuc bltfe ehecek…..

 E 1:,0 a ← χ1 8 ϊ ←b 1 ϊ  sgapuc

sgapuc bl ?  Zlrut bl 0

 y 1 0 E ois bx sgm χt 1 0 ( :,0 ) ois ϊx sgm 8 ϊt 1 :,8o  β  β

 x 1( 0 m∐ 5 ) x 1( m ∐5 )
 m    x m (m 5)  
8 0
 

- Zlmufesem  
Xufes Puaek
e. Zlslrte
Zlslrte hghgb almdewe`
almdewe` plrtemyee
plrtemyeem
m yemf tlrhepet
tlrhepet pehe `ubu plslrte hghgb 

5. Flcia`emf @e` ; (56;-5;5)

 `. Zlslrte hghgb almfuapucbem dewe`em herg tufes ruaek yemf tlcek hgblrdebem
umtub almhepetbem plmgcegem.

Ceapgrem GGG

Zlmgcegem Biapltlmsg Bltlreapgcem

Aete Zlcederem 4 NG_GBE

Blces/_lalstlr 4 [G GZE / 0

Xekum Zlcederem 4 0:57/0:0:

Biapltlmsg Heser 4 ?.; Almfemecgsgs bereblrgstb flcia`emf albemgb

  ?.7 Almfemecgsgs `lserem-`lserem sgs flcia`emf `lrdecem

& flcia`emf sesgimlr pehe `lr`efeg besus myee

Gmhgbetir _iec 4

Esplb yemf Hgmgceg Duacek _bir Mgceg

Kesgc & Zlmficekem
Zlrsgepem Zlcebsemeem Hete Cepirem
 Mi Meae e ` o h e ` o h e ` o h e ` o h
5
0

?
8
<
>
 Brgtlrge Zlmgcegem
 

  Zlri
Zlriclke
clkem
m _bir
_bir Ö 5::  DZ_
 Mgceg1 1  Ö 5::
Duacek_bir
Duacek Aebsgaua D_A 
_bir Aebsgaua

Bltlremfem 4

DZ_ 4 Duac
Duacek
ek Zlriclk
Zlriclkem
em _bir

D_A 4 Duacek_bir Aebsgaua

Zlhiaem Gmhgbetir ebtgvgtes plslrte hghgb4

_bir : 4 epe`gce tgheb hgteapgcbem plslrte hghgb 

_bir 5 4 epe`gce hgteapgcbem plslrte hghgb 

Bltlremfem 4

5. Xek
Xekep Zlr
Zlrsg
sgep
epem
em
e. Almyus
Almyusum um ecet
ecet hem
hem `ekem
`ekem slplrtg
slplrtg fea`
fea`erer pehe
pehe CB_
CB_
 `. Almfbecg`resg ecet yemf ebem hgfumebem
o. Almlmt
Almlmtube
ubemm verge`
verge`clcl hem
hem te`lc
te`lc plmfe
plmfeaet
aetem
em
h. Almffu
Almffumebmebem
em ecet
ecet hem
hem `ekem
`ekem hlmfe
hlmfemm `lmer 
`lmer 
0. Xeke
Xekep
p Zlc
Zlceb
ebse
seme
meem
em
e. Alcebu
Alcebubem
bem plroi
plroi`ee
`eemm slsueg
slsueg hlmfem
hlmfem pltumd
pltumdub
ub CB_
CB_
 `. Ala`eoe prislhur blrde hlmfem `lmer hem tlcgtg
o. Almoete
Almoetett kesgc
kesgc plmfea
plmfeaetem
etem blhe
blhecea
cea cla`e
cla`err hgsbusg
hgsbusg
?. Xekep
Xekep Kesgc
Kesgc hem Zlmfic
Zlmficekeekemm Hete
Hete
e. Almfic
Almficekek hete
hete slsueg
slsueg hlmfem
hlmfem pltu
pltumdu
mdubb blfget
blfgetem
em
 `. Ala`uet blsgapucem tlmtemf blfgetem
8. Xek
Xekep Cep
Cepirem
irem
Bltlremfem 4

Zigm Brgtlrge _bir Mgceg Autu

5 EAEX 6.<-5: 6<-5:: E

@EGB 
0 @EGB <-6.87 <:-68 @
? O\B\Z 0.<-8.7 0<-87 O
8 B\PEMF :-0.87 :-08 H
 

CB_

FLCIA@EMF

BLCIAZIB 4
BLCE_ 4
XEMFFEC ZPEBXGB\A 4
 EMFFIXE BLCIAZIB 45.

 0.
 ?.
 8.
 <.

G. GMHGB
GMHGBEXI
EXIP
P ZLA@
ZLA@LCE
LCEDE
DEPEM
PEM
5. Almdlcesbem
Almdlcesbem nebtir-n
nebtir-nebtir
ebtir yemf alaplm
alaplmferuk
ferukgg olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`
flcia`emf
emf
 pehe heweg
0. Almffea`er
Almffea`erbem
bem frengb
frengb ku`umf
ku`umfem
em emtere
emtere olpet
olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`emf
flcia`emf pehe
pehe
heweg (v
(v) hlmfem feye tlfemfem tecg ( N )
?. Almfgmtlrpr
Almfgmtlrprltesgbe
ltesgbem
m frengb ku`um
ku`umfem
fem emtere
emtere olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`
flcia`emf
emf pehe
pehe
heweg (v
(v) hlmfem feye tlfemfem tecg ( N )
8. Almffea`er
Almffea`erbem
bem frengb
frengb ku`umf
ku`umfem
em emtere
emtere olpet
olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`emf
flcia`emf pehe
pehe
heweg (v
(v) hlmfem aesse plr setuemf pemdemf heweg ( )
<. Almfgmtlrpr
Almfgmtlrprltesgbe
ltesgbem
m frengb ku`um
ku`umfem
fem emtere
emtere olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`
flcia`emf
emf pehe
pehe
heweg (v
(v) hlmfem aesse plr setuem pemdemf heweg ( )

GG. ECEX HEM @EKEM

@EKEM
5. Zlmf
Zlmffl
flte
ter/v
r/vg`
g`ret
retir 
ir 
0. Betric
?. @l`em
l`em femtu
emtum
mf
8. Agster  
<. Xecg
Xecg hlmfem
hlmfem lapet
lapet dlmgs
dlmgs yemf
yemf `lr`lh
`lr`lhee
 

GGG. CEMFBEK
CEMFBEK BLPDE
BLPDE
5. _usumc
_usumcek
ek plrec
plrecete
etem
m sl`efe
sl`efegg `lrgb
`lrgbut4
ut4

0. Kghupb
Kghupbem
em plmffl
plmfflter
ter slkgmf
slkgmffe
fe tlr`lmt
tlr`lmtub
ub flcia`
flcia`emf
emf stesgimlr
stesgimlr slplrtg
slplrtg fea`er 
fea`er 
 `lrgbut4

?. Cebube
Cebubem
m plroi`
plroi`eem
eem umtub
umtub almoer
almoergg ku`umf
ku`umfem
em emtere olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`
flcia`emf
emf
 pehe tecg hlmfem tlfemfem tecg. Cebubem plroi`eem umtub lapet `l`em yemf
 `lr`lhe.
 Gmniraesg4

 plroi`eem hgcebubem hlmfem oere almffemtg `l`em blauhgem slsuegbem hlmfem

nrlbulmsg plmfflter supeye hghepetbem flcia`emf stesGimlr yemf pecgmf auhek
hgeaet
hgeaetg.
g. Xlfemf
Xlfemfem
em tecg
tecg hgsl`e
hgsl`e`be
`bem
m berlme
berlme `l`em
`l`em femtum
femtumf,
f, slkgmf
slkgmffe
fe `lser 
`lser 
tlfemfem tecg N 1 w 1 a.f

8. Cebu
Cebube
bem
m puce
puce plro
plroi`
i`ee
eem
m umtu
umtub
b almo
almoer
ergg ku
ku`u
`umf
mfem
em em
emte
tere
re dl
dlmg
mgss te
tecg
cg (y
(yem
emf
f
hgmy
hgmyet
eteb
ebem
em hl
hlmf
mfem
em aesse
aesse pl
plrr setue
setuem
m pe
pemd
mdem
emf
f te
tecg
cg)) hl
hlmf
mfem
em ol
olpe
pett re
rea`
a`et
et
flcia`emf. Cebubem plroi`eem umtub lapet dlmgs tecg yemf `lr`lhe.
 

Gmniraesg4 aesse plr setuem pemdemf tecg `gesemye hgmyetebem

hlmfem cea`gmf  ¼

<. Oetetcek
Oetetcek hete
hete kesgc plroi`eem
plroi`eem hecea
hecea te`lc,
te`lc, blauhgem
blauhgem `uetcek
`uetcek
frengb slsueg hete te`lc yemf hgplriclk!

@. Hete Kesgc
Kesgc Zlroi`ee
Zlroi`eem
m

5. Hete kesgc
kesgc plroi`eem
plroi`eem umtub
umtub almhepetb
almhepetbem
em ku`umfem
ku`umfem emtere olpet
rea`et flcia`emf hlmfem tlfemfem tecg.

@uetcek frengb ku`umfem emtere tlfemfem tecg (N) hlmfem buehret

blolpetem (v0)

0. Hete kesgc
kesgc plroi`e
plroi`eem
em umtub
umtub almoerg
almoerg ku`umfem
ku`umfem emtere dlmgs tecg
tecg
hlmfem olpet rea`et flcia`emf.
 

O. Emecgsgs
Emecgsgs Hete

5. Herg te`lc hete

hete yemf hgplriclk,
hgplriclk, blolmhlr
blolmhlrumfem
umfem epe yemf
yemf hepet
hgtensgrbem pehe ku`umfem aesse `l`em hem olpet rea`et flcia`emf9
@lrgbem Ecesem!
0. @lrheserbem
@lrheserbem frengb
frengb ku`umfem
ku`umfem emtere N hem v0, ku`umfem
ku`umfem epe yemf
tlrhepet emtere blhue `lserem9 @efegaeme plrbgreem ruausem eteu
nirauce yemf slsueg9
?. Herg te`lc hete
hete yemf hgplriclk,
hgplriclk, blolmhlr
blolmhlrumfem
umfem epe yemf
yemf hepet

hgtensgrbem pehe ku`umfem dlmgs tecg hem olpet rea`et flcia`emf9

@lrgbem Ecesem!
8. @lrheserbem
@lrheserbem frengb
frengb ku`umfem
ku`umfem emtere
emtere ¼ hem v0, ku`umfem
ku`umfem epe yemf
tlrhepet emtere blhue `lserem9 @efegaeme plrbgreem ruausem eteu
nirauce yemf slsueg9

H. Blsgap
Blsgapuce
ucem
m
5. Ku`umfem
Ku`umfem emtere
emtere `lser tlfemfem teccg
teccg hlmfem olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`emf
flcia`emf pehe
tecg
tecg eh
ehec
ecek
ek , sl
slkg
kgmf
mffe
fe
aebgm `lser
`lser tlfemfem tecg aebe
aebe
0. Ku`umfem
Ku`umfem emtere
emtere dlmgs tecg hlmfem olpet rea`et
rea`et flcia`emf
flcia`emf pehe tecg

ehecek , slkgmffe aebgm

aebgm `lser aesse plr setuem pemdemf tecg aebe
?. Hlmfem hlagbgem olpet rea`et fl
flcia`emf pehe tecg
tlrfemtumf pehe