Bio eee Sea eae eae oelele eee Peeler eereel ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICAL Cesc Pewee eases p IIA SAS SO] PROCESSING EDITED BY SUNGGYU LEE Lats AOI Is aoe ese aaeT eich esl Volume 1 PePP Eee TIS seae sees ewes eeess saree esas aaa (aierelaialeioieContents Contributors Topical Table of Contents Preface Volume 1 Absorption Equipment / Karl B. Sehnelle, Jr. and Partha Dey 1 Activated Sludge Process / Shankha K, Banerji u Adsorption / Shivaji Sircar 25 Advanced Oxidation / Sangehul Hwang 4 Alkaline Zn-MnO, Batteries / Chung-Chiun Lin and Xwekun Xing sl Alkylation Processes to Produce High-Quality Gasolines / Lyle F. Albright and James M. Ryan 31 Animal Cell Culture / Shang-Tian Yang and Shubhayu Basu 6 Antioxidants / S. Al-Malaika and H. H. Sheena aL catalysis / Tyler Johannes, Michael R. Simurdiak, and Huimin Zhao : 101 iofilms / 7. Reg. Bott . Mh Biofuels and Bioenergy / Dinesh Gera 121 informatics and Modeling Biological Systems / Shwetal Patel and . Jeremy S. Edwards 131 Biomass to Ethanol / Randy S. Lewis, Rohit P. Datar, and Raymond L. Huhnke 143 materials / Sujata K, Bhatia and Surita R. Bhatia 153 BioMEMS / 1. James Lee 161 jomolecular Engineering / Zengyi Shao, Ee Lui Ang, and Huimin Zhao im Bioprocess and Chemical Process Intensification / G. Akay 183 Bioprocessing / Ryan G. Soderquist and James M. Lee 199 Bioremediation / Teresa J. Cutright 207 Bioseparations / Shubhayu Basu and Shang-Tian Yang . 221 Blowing Agent / Kyung W. Suh . 237 Branching Level Detection in Polymers / M.J. Scorah, R. Dhib, and A. Penlidis St Bubble Cap Tray / Stanley Marple 269 Balk Molding and Sheet Molding Compounds / Sanjeev N. Rao and Krishnan Jayaraman : 283 Capsule Pipeline / Henry Lin 295 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Disposal: Carbon Sequestration K. S, Lackner, Ac. Park, and LoS, Fan : 305 Carbon Fibers from Lignin-Recyclable Plastie Blends / Satoshi Kubo and John F. Kadia 317 Carbon Nanotubes / Morinobu Endo, Yoong-Ahm Kim, Takuya Hayashi, Kenji Takeuchi, Maruicio Terrones, and Mildred S. Dresselhaus oe. 333 Catalyst Preparation / X. D. Hu and Michael W. Balakos 345xxiv Catalytic Combustion for Thermal Energy Generation / Daniel G. Lefer 361 Catalytic Cracking / Paul O'Connor 37 Catalytie Dehydrogenation / Bipin V. Vora and Peter R. Pujadd 379 Catalytic Naphtha Reforming / Abdullah M, Aitani 397 Centrifuges / Alan G. Leiki 407 Ceramics / Stephen J. Lombardo 4i7 Chemical Mechanical Planarization in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing / John Zabasajja 429 Chemical Vapor Deposition / David G. Retzloff 441 Chiral Drug Separation Bingyun Li and Donald T. Haynie 449 Chlorofiuorocarbons / Byung Gwon Lee and Youn-Woo Lee 459 CHP Techmology/Systems / Louay M. Chamra and B. K. Hodge 469 Chromatographic Separations / Scott M. Husson 481 Coal-Water Slurries / S. Komar Kawatra 495 Computational Fluid Dynamics / André Bakker and Elizabeth Marden Marshall 50S Computer-Aided Process Engineering / Andrzej Kraslawski Si7 Conductive Polymers / Ronald W. Gumbs 527 Contact Angles, Surface Tension, and Capillarity / Peter R. Pujado 539 Corrosion in the Process Industries / J. A, Richardson and R, A. Cottis a9 Critical Phase Behavior / J. Richard Elliott, Jr 563 Cross-Linked Polyethylene / Carosena Meola, Giovanni Maria Carlomagno, and Giuseppe Giorteo S17 Crystal Growth / CW. Lan, W. C. Yu, and W. C. Hsw 589 Cumene Production / Robert J. Schmidt 603 Dehumidification / Louay M. Chamra and B. Keith Hodge a7 Denitrogenation / Dacik Kim and Teh Fu Yen 627 Design of Extrusion Dies / Milivoje M. Kostic and Louis G. Reifschneider 633 Desulfurization / Chunshan Song, Uday T. Turaga, and Xiaoliang Ma 631 Detergent Alkylate / Bipin Vora, Andrea Bozzano, and Stephen Sohn 663 Detergent Enzymes / Michael R. Stoner, Douglas A. Dale, Alfred Gaeriner, and Theodore W. Randolph 673 —_—_—<——— ——_—— Volume 2 Diamond Films / Angel L. Velez and Mark A. Prelas 685 Diamond-Like Carbon Films / Angel Velez and Mark A. Prelas 698 Differential Scanning Calorimetry / John O. Hill 699 Dimethyl Ether / Abhay Sardesai 107 Dimethylearbonate / Byung Gwon Lee n9 Distillation Column Design: Packing / Andrew W. Stoley n9 Distillation Column Design: Trays / Andrew W. Sloley 749 Drag Reducing Agents / Jacques L. Zakin, Ying Zhang, and Yunying Qi 767 Dust Explosion Hazard Assessment and Control / Vahid Ebadar 787 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis { Kevin P. Menard 799 Education on Plant Design / Truman $. Storvick 813 Electrodeposition {André Avelino Pasa and Maximiliano Luis Munford 821 Electronic Chemical Sensors. / Chung-Chiun Liu 833 Electroplating / Helen H. Low and Yinlun Huang 839 Electrostatic Precipitation / Kenneth R. Parker 849)Emulsion Polymerization / Vincent G. Gomes Enhanced Oil Recovery / Kishore K. Mohanty and Gerard T. Caneba Environmental Chemodynamies / Louis J. Thibodeaux Environmental Law and Policy / Don C. Haddox and Teresa J. Cutright Epoxy Resins / lan Hamerion Ethylbenzene / Guy B. Woodle Fermentation Processes / Kimberly Ogden Fermenter Design / Kishore K. Kar, Juergen Lueske, and Richard F. Cope Fluid Flow / Theodore Reginald Rott Fluid Transport in Porous Media / Michael C. Brooks Fluidization /A-H. Park and L.-S. Fan Fluidized Bed Reactor / John R. Grace, Jamal Chaouki, and Todd Pugsley Fluorescent Coatings for High Temperature Phosphor Thermometry / S. W. Allison, W. A, Hollerman, S. M. Goedeke, M. R. Cates, and T. J. Bencic Fluoropolymers / Sina Ebnesajjad Fouling of Heat Exchangers / 7. Reg. Bott Fractal Geometry: Applications / Douglas K, Ludlow Free-Radieal Polymerization / Yadunandan Lal Dar, Rajeev Farwaha, and Gerard T. Caneba Friction Materials / Sunil Kesavan and Xinming Shao Fuel Cell Membranes / Andrew M, Herring Functional Biomaterials. / Chun Wang . Gas Explosion Hazard: Prevention and Protection / Dehong Kong Gas-Liquid Contactors {Kishore K. Kar, Richard F. Cope, and Juergen Lueske Gas-Liquid Mixing in Agitated Reactors / John C Middteron, John M, Smith, and Piero M, Armenante tion of MEMS Devices: Using Alcohol Vapor Adsorption Isotherm ion of Silicon Oxides / Kenneth Strawhecker, David B. Asay, and Seong H. Kim Gas-Solid Reactions / Douglas P. Harrison Gas-to-Liquid Mass Transfer / Huu D. Doan, Simant R. Upreti, and Ali Loki Geothermal Energy / Sunggyu Lee and H. Bryan Lanterman Greenhouse Gas Management for Multiplant Complexes / Ralph W. Pike Heat Exchanger Operation and Troubleshooting / T. Reg. Bort Heat Transfer Fluids / Satish C. Mohapatra Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) / Sharad M, Dave Heterogeneous Catalysis / Richard W. Rice and James G. Goodwin, Jr. High-Pressure Reactor Design / Joseph M. Lambert, Jr. and Steven C. Hukvari Hollow Fiber Technology / Vicki Chen and Pierre Le-Clech Hybrid Materials (Organic-Inorganic) / C. Sanchez and G. J. A. A. Soler-llia Hydrocracking / James G. Speight Hydrodesulfurization / James G. Speight Hydrodynamics of Trickle-Bed Reactors /K. D. P. Nigam and Arunabha Kundu Hydrogels/ Jae Hyung Park, Kang Moo Huh, Mingli, Ye, and Kinam Park Hydrogen Bonding / J. Richard Elliott, Jr. Hydrogenation / Xiaobo Yang Hydrogenation Reactions in Dense Gas Systems / Gary Combes, Fariba Dehighani, Raffaella Mammucari, and Neil R. Foster 863 881 891 899 on 929 941 951 975 987 997 1009 1021 1031 1043 1053 1057 1071 1085 1099 1109 1119 131 1143 1151 1163 175 1189 1203 121 1221 1235 1245 1253 1267 1281 1289 1297 1307 1319 1325 1337Hydrophilic Polymers for Biomedical Applications / Frank Davis and Séamus P. J. Higson 1349 Hydrotreating Catalysts and Processes: Current Status and Path Forward / Arunabha Kundu, Nishith Dwivedi, Azad Singh, and K. D. P. Nigam 1357 ————_——— Volume 3 Immobilized Enzyme Technology / Charles G. Hill, Jr., Cristina Otero, and Hugo S. Garcia 1367 Incineration and Combustion / Selim M, Senkan 1381 Injection Molding / David O. Kazmer 1401 Yon Exchange / Sukalyan Sengupta and Arup K. Sengupta 141 Ton Exchange Resin / Sukalyan Sengupta and Arup K. SenGupta . 1427 Latex Processing / Alexander F, Routh 1445 Liquid—Liquid Mixing in Agitated Reactors / Richard V. Calabrese, Douglas E. Leng, and Piero M. Armenante 1457 Lithium-Ion Battery / Chung-Chiun Liu and Xuekun Xing 1469 Loss Prevention in Chemical Processing / Joel M. Haight 1483 Low-Pressure Caseade Are Torch / Hirotsugu Yasuda 1493 Lubrication Performance Factors for Chemical Process Plant Machinery / Jim C. Fitch and Drew D. Troyer 1sil ‘Mass Transfer Enhancement Because of Flow Instabilities Vimal Kumar and K. D. P. Nigam : 1531 Materials Modeling / Sanat Mohanty, Gregg Caldwell, Manish Jain, and Cristina U. Thomas : 15st Measuring Experimental Quantities Using Simple Fluorescence / W. A. Hollerman, S. W. Allison, S. M. Goedeke, and M. R. Cates : 1561 Membrane Reactors / Ivo F. J. Vankelecom 1575 Mesoporous Silica Films / Hugh W. Hillhouse and Brian W. Eggiman 1587 Metallocene Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization / 1. C. Chung 1599 ‘Microelectronics Fabrication / Edmund G. Seebauer and Charlotte T. M. Kwok 1615 Microfabrication Chung-Chiun Liu «1627 Microgravity Processing of Materials / Robert Naumann 1633 Microreactors and Microreaction Engineering / Richard L. Masel, Scott Gold, and Zheng Ni 1643 Microseale Fuel Cells. / J. D. Holladay and V. V. Viswanathan 1663 Microscopy of Ionomers / Andreas Taubert and Brian P. Kirkmeyer 1673 ‘Microwave Processing of Ceramics. / Eldon D. Case 1687 Mixing and Chemical Reactions / Edward L. Paul, Suzanne M. Kresta, and Arthur W. Etchells 1699 Molecular Bioengineering Sundararajan ¥. Madihally 1709 Molecular Modeling for Nonequilibrium Chemical Processes / Dionisios G. Vlachos 1717 Molecular Self-Assembly / Yoon Seob Lee and James F. Rathman 1727 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers / Gregory 7. Rushton and Ken D. Shimizu 1737 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells / Prabliw Ganesan, Branko N. Popov, and Rajam Pattabiraman 1747 Multiphase Mixing and Solid-Liquid Mixing in Agitated Reactors / Piero M. Armenante, Victor Atlemo-Obeng, and W. Roy Penney 1767 Multiphase Reactors / Stanley M. Barnett : 1781‘Nanoimprint Technology and Its Applications / L. Jay Guo 1791 Nanomaterials / David S. J. Arney, Jimmie R. Baran, Allen R. Siedle, and Matthew H. Frey 1803 Nanoporous Dielectric Materials / Jorge A. Lubguban and Shubhra Gangopadhyay 1813 Nanostructured Materials / Vikrant N. Urade and Hugh W. Hillhouse 1825 Nanotribology / Jonathan W. Bender and Xiaodong Li 1837 Natural Gas Hydrates. / PR. Bishnoi and Matthew A. Clarke 1849 Natural Gas Utilization / Peter R. Pujads. 1865 New Flame Retardant Materials: Nonhalogenated Additives from Brominated Starting Materials and Inherently Low-Flammability Polymers / Alexander B. Morgan, Joshua Jurs, Jason Stephenson, and James M. Tour 1879 Nickel-Cadmium Battery Chung-Chiun Lite and Xuekun Xing 1397 NMR in Chemical Processing / Sangrama K, Sahoo and Peter L. Rinaldi 1907 NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers in Solution / Sangrama K. Sahoo and Peter L. Rinaldi i919 NO, Removal / Mike Bradford and Rajiv Grover 1935 Numerical Computations for Chemical Process Analysis and Design / David G. Retzloff 1949 Onsite and Offsite Emergency Preparedness for Chemical Facilities and ‘Chemical Transportation. / Michael K. Lindell and Ronald W. Perry 1959 Oriented Morphologies: Development in Polymer Processing / Mario A. Perez 1973 Osmotic Distillation / Bob Johnson 1985 Ozone Treatment / Jiangning Wie 1993 Volume 4 Packed Absorption Column Design / Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. and Partha Dey. 2003 Particle-Particle Interaction: Improvements in the Prediction of DLVO Forces / ‘Anh V. Nguyen, Link T. T. Tran, and Jan D. Miller 2017 Pervaporation: Vapor Permeation / Nicholas Patrick Wynn 2031 Petroleum Refinery Distillation / Stanley Marple 2053 Phase Behavior of Hydrocarbon Mixtures / X-¥. Zou and J. M. Shave 2067 Phase Equilibria / Kari B. Schnelle, Jr 2077 Phenolic Resins / Adriane G. Ludwick and Mohamed O. Abdalla 2089 Photodegradation of Polymers / J. R. White 2101 Photoresists / Sergei V. Zelentsov and Nadezda V. Zelentsova aut Photovoltaic Materials / Richard Corkish 2129 Phytoremediation / Joel G. Burken 2139 Pilot Plant and Minipilot Units / Richard P. Palluzi 2147 Pinch Design and Analysis. / Robin Smith and Jin-Kuk Kim 2165 Pipeline Safety / Glenn B. DeWolf 2181 Plant Metabolic Engineering / Eleanore T. Wurtzel and Erich Grotewold 2191 Plasma Rtching / David G. Retsloff 201 Plasma Polymerization Coating / Hirotsugu K. Yasuda 215 Pollution Prevention / Ashok Kumar, Harish G. Rao, Abhilash Vijayan, and Charanya Varadarajan 231 Polyanhydrides / Maria P. Torres, Amy S. Determan, Surya K. Mallapragada, and Balaji Narasimhan 2247Polybutadiene / William L. Hergenrother, Mark DeDecker, and Dan F. Graves 2259 Polycarbonate (PC) / Sarah E. Morgan and Jun Li 2m Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) / Teresa J. Cutright and Sangehul Hwang 291 Polymer Clay Nanocomposites. / Hyoung I. Choi, Ji W. Kim, and Myung S. Jhon 2301 Polymer Composites / Youssef K. Hamidi, M. Cengiz Altan, and Brian P. Grady 2313 Polymeric Membranes {Takeshi Matsuura and Mehrdad Rafat 2323 Polymerization Reactions: Modeling, Design, and Control / Kyu Yong Choi 2333 Polysaccharides / Anton Huber 2349 Polyurethanes / Joanna D. Fromstein and Kimberly A. Woodhouse 2369 Polyvinylidene Fluoride / Jeffrey H. Yen and Ramin Amin-Sanayei 2379 Porous Media / Karsten E, Thompson 2391 Powder Coating Application Processes / Harry J. Lader + 2405 Power Factor / Peter R. Pujadé 2417 Pressure-Relief Valve Design / Jonathan Francis 2423 Process Optimization / Ralph W. Pike . 2439 Processing of Pharmaceuticals Using Dense Gas Technologies / R. Mammucari, F. Dehghani, and N. R. Foster 2451 Propylene Production / Abdullah M. Aitani 461 Protein Design / Zhilei Chen and Huimin Zhao 2467 Protein Folding: Biomedical Implications / Ajit Sadana, Tuan Vo-Dinh, and Nigil Satish Jeyashekar 2479 Protein Production in Transgenic Plants: Development and Commercialization / Wayne R. Curtis 2489 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. / Pyoungho Choi, Pradeep Haldar, and Ravindra Datta 2501 Reactive Extrusion / Gerard T. Caneba 2531 Reactive Separation / Vincent G. Gomes. 2541 Reactor Engineering / Ken K. Robinson 2597 Real-Time Optimization: Status, Issues, and Opportunities / J. F. Forbes, TE, Marlin, and W. S. Yip Recent Advances in Catalytic Distillation {Flora T. 7. Ng Recycling of Spent Tires / Roger N. Beers and David A. Benko Reformulated Gasoline A. K. Dalai and D. Ferdous Renewable Energy / Gareth P. Harrison Reprocessing of Domestic Spent Nuclear Fuel / Truman S. Storvick Resid Conversion / James G. Speight Volume 5 Rheology of Cellulose Liquid Crystalline Polymers / Qizhou Dai, Richard Gilbert, and John F. Kadla 2663, Rotational Molding of Polymers Céline T: Bellehumeur 2677 Rubber Devuleanization / David A. Benko and Roger N. Beers : 2691 Scrubbers. / S. Komar Kawatra : 2701 Six Sigma Design: An Overview of Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) / Sean A. Curran, Kwok-Wai Lem, Steve Sund, and Mina Gabriel 279Size Reduction / Sunil Kesavan ‘Soave's Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation of State / J. Richard Elliott, Jr. Solid-Liquid Mixing: Numerical Simulation and Physical Experiments / Philippe A. Tanguy, Francis Thibault, Gabriel Ascanio, and Edmundo Brito-De La Fuente Solid-Liquid Separation / Frank M. Tiller and Wenping Li Solvent Refining Processes / Roland H. Heck Solvents / Satish C. Mohapatra Sonochemical Reaction Engineering / David A. Bruce and Amarnath Nareddy Sorbent Technology / Shuguang Deng Spinning Disk Reactor / R. J. J. Jachuck and J. R. Burns Styrene / Guy B. Woodle Styrene-Butadiene Rubber / Jing Peng Superabsorbents / Takamasa Nonaka Supercritical COx-Assisted Surface Coating Injection Molding / Masahiro Ohshima Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Ram B. Gupra Supercritical Fluid Technology: Reactions / Aydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, and Naveed Aslam Supercritical Water Oxidation / Ram B. Gupta Synthesis Gas / Kim Aasberg-Petersen ‘Tar Sand James G. Speight ‘Theoretical Aspects of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Polymers / James J. Feng ‘Thermal Analysis Techniques: Overview / John O. Hill ‘Thermal Cracking of Hydrocarbons / Tom Chunghu Tsai and Lyle F. Albright ‘Thermal Desorption / Timothy P. Sullivan ‘Thermal Stability of Chemical Reactors / Haishan Zheng and Jason M. Keith ‘Thermogravimetric Analysis / John O. Hill ‘Thermomechanical Analysis / Kevin P. Menard ‘Thermosets: Materials, Processes, and Waste Minimization / Kwok-Wai Lem, Sean A, Curran, Steve Sund, and Mina Gabriel ‘Thin Film Processes in MEMS and NEMS Technologies / W. R. Ashurst ©. Carraro and R. Maboudian Thin Film Science and Technology / 7. L. Alford, J. Kowerakis, and JW, Mayer - ‘Thin Liquid Film Deposition / Myung S. Jhon and Thomas E. Karis ‘Thiochemicals: Mercaptans, Sulfides, and Polysulfides / Jeffrey Yen, Vijay R. Srinivas, and Gary S. Smith ‘Thiochemicals: Mercapto Acids and Organosulfur (IV/VD) Compounds / Jeffrey H. Yen, Gary S. Smith, and Vijay R. Srinivas. Tissue Engineering / Shang-Tian Yang and Clayt Robinson Trace Elements / Jan D. Brindle ‘Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Science / Rolf Erni and ‘Nigel D. Browning ‘Tubular Reactors: Reactor Types and Selected Process Applications / Patrick L. Mills and Joseph M. Lambert, Jr. ‘Twin-Serew Extrusion / Paul Andersen 2738 247 2753 2769 2791 2799 2811 - 2825 2847 2859 2871 2881 2897 2907 2915 2927 2933, 2947 2955 2965 2975 2987 3023 3031 3049, 3061 3075 3089 3101 311s 3129 3139 3151 3167xxx Use of Lipases to Isolate Polyunsaturated and Oxygenated Fatty Acids and Form Value-Added Ester Products. {Douglas G. Hayes ‘Vapor-Liquid-Solid Synthesis of Nanowires. / Brian A. Korgel, Tobias Hanrath, and Forrest M. Davidson, IIT Water Gas Shift Reaction / Wolfgang Ruettinger and Oleg Mlinich Water Reclamation / Mark A, Kuehne, Norman N. Li, Richard Q. Song, Maxwell Tsai, and Jane C. Li Wide Bani-Gap Electronics Materials. / Mark A. Prelas and Krishnendu Saha Zeolite Membranes / Yushan Yan, Zijian Li, Shuang Li, and Christopher Lew Tiegler-Natta Catalysis / John C. Chadwick Index 3179 3191 3205 3217 3227 3237 3247