EVI]IEHJ BQVNHJ VAWIA[ DC ]

Ucor Nijhi 2
EVI]IEHJ BQVNHJ VAWIA[

OJA@ 2
8.INUHNQJ HMJI(16<5858<89)
HMJI(16<5858<89)
6.VIUCI @IMHYH](16<6858<<1)
@IMHYH](16<6858<<1)

Mosan \ankhdpu 2 Mrs. Najson Uinhkh , D.\m

Dhth Cujih` 2 ]acnic Insthjhsi Jitric
Codarsij

\VOKVHD U]QMI U8 \ANMIMICHN ]ACNIC AJAC]VO

GHCQJ]HU ]ACNIC - QNIWAVUI]HU NAKAVI DAMHN

6<68
 

CH]H \ANKHN]HV 

\ubi mhn syucur chdi phnbhtchn caphmh ]u`hn Yhnk Dh`h Ash, yhnk tajh`
dajidph`chn rh`dht mhn chrunih-Nyh sa`inkkh chdi mhpht danyajashichn Eritiehj
Bournhj Vaviaw yhnk farbumuj ‚.U]QMI ]INKCH] VHMIHUI DAMHN
AJAC]VOD HKNA]ICYHNKMI]IDFQJCHN OJA@ ]AJA\ON UAJQJHV—
Eritehj Bournhj
Vaviaw ini misusun untuc dadanu`i shjh` shtu tukhs dhth cujih` ]acnic Insthjhsi
Jistric Codarsij.

]arwubumnyh Eritiehj Bournhj Vaviaw ini timhc tarjaphs mhri bhsh farfhkhi pi`hc.
Oja` safhf itu, Chdi dankuehpchn taridh chsi` caphmh saduh pi`hc yhnk tajh`
danmucunk sarth tarjifht mhjhd padfuhthn dhchjh` ini.
Chdi danyhmhri fh`wh Eritiehj Bournhj Vaviaw ini dhsi` bhu` mhri casadpurnhhn,
chranh chdi pun dhsi` mhjhd th`hp fajhbhr. Oja` chranh itu chdi dank`hrhpchn
critic mhn shrhn yhnk dadfhnkun mhri padfheh madi casadpurnhhn Eritiehj Bournhj
Vaviaw ini mi cadumihn `hri. Uadokh Eritiehj Bournhj Vaviaw ini dadfarichn
dhnghht yhnk fashr fhki cith saduh.

Damhn,Dai 6<68

Cajodpoc 0

8
 

MHG]HV IUI

CH]H \ANKHN]HV......................................................................................................8
MHG]HV IUI................................................................................................................6
FHF I \ANMH@QJQHN.................................................................................................5
H. Vhsionhjishsi EBV.........................................................................................................................5
F. ]ubuhn EBV..................................................................................................................................5
E.   Dhnghht EBV........................................................................
EBV....................................................................................................
............................==
M. Imantiths Burnhj...........................................................................................................................=
FHF II VINKCHUHN IUIHV]ICAJ...........................................................................1
H.   \anmh`ujuhn............................................................................................................1
F.   Mascripsi Isi....................................................................
Isi................................. .............................................................
.................................
..............
....... 7
FHF III HNHJIUIU........................................................................................................85
H.   \adfh`hshn Isi Bournhj........................................................................
Bournhj...................................................................................
............. 85
F.   Cajafi`hn mhn CacurhnkhnBournhj.................................................
CacurhnkhnBournhj........................................ ..................
.................
........ 8=
FHF IW \ANQ]Q\....................................................................................................81
H.   Casidpujhn...........................................................................................................81
F.   VACODANMHUI.................................................................................................87
MHG]HV \QU]HCH..........................................................................................................................87
 

FHF I \ANMH@QJQHN

 H. Vhsionhjishs
Vhsionhjishsii EBV

]ukhs Eritiehj Bournhj Vaviaw hmhjh` tukhs inmivimu yhnk dankchbi safuh` bournhj tanthnk
Damhn Ajactrodhknatic
Ajactrodhknatic mankhn
mankhn tubuhn udud untuc dajhti` dh`hsiswh daruduschn
maginisi consaptuhj farmh-shrchn sintasis taori-taori yhnk farcadfhnk mhri Bournhj yhnk
rajavhn.

]ubuhn c`usus dh`hsiswh mhpht2 darinkchs isi bournhj mhn dadfhnminkchn mhn
dank`ufunk-chn isi bournhj yhnk miraviaw mankhn hrticaj-hrticaj yhnk rajavhn, dajhti`
dh`hsiswh jafi` critis mhn farhni farhrkudanthsi farmhshrchn taori mhri tacs bournhj .

F. ]ubuhn EBV

8. Uafhkhi panyajashihn tukhs hc`ir yhnk mhpht dadfhntu dh`hsiswh

 

mhjhd danujis tasis.

6. Qntuc danhdfh` whwhshn dh`hsiswh mhjhd danujis chryh ijdih`

yhnk fhic mhnfanhr.

5. Qntuc danhdfh` whwhshn dh`hsiswh mhjhd dadh`hdi isu

yhnk farcadfhnk mhjhd dhth cujih` ]ACNIC INU]HJHUI

JIU]VIC.
=. Qntuc daninkchtchn cadhdpuhn dh`hsiswh mhjhd danujis

chryh ijdih` yhnk fhic mhn fanhr 

1. Qntuc dankuhtchn padh`hdhn dh`hsiswh mhjhd dadh`hdi

dhtari cujih` ]ACNIC INU]HJUI JIU]VIC.

E.   Dhnghht EBV 

8. Danhdfh` whwhshn dh`hsiswh mhjhd danujis chryh ijdih` yhnk fhic 

mhn fanhr.
6. Danhdfh` whwhshn dh`hsiswh mhjhd dadh`hdi isu yhnk farcadfhnk
5. Daninkchtchn cadhdpuhn dh`hsiswh mhjhd danujis chryh ijdih` yhnk
 fhic mhn fanhr 
=. Dankuhtchn padh`hdhn dh`hsiswh mhjhd dadh`hdi dhtari cujih`
]ACNIC INU]HJHUI JIU]VIC.

M. Imantiths Burnhj

Bumuj Hrticaj 2 U]QMI ]INKCH] VHMIHUI DAMHN

AJAC]VODHKNA]IC YHNK
MI]IDFQJCHN OJA@ ]AJA\ON UAJQJHV 

Amisi tarfit 2 Woj. 8

\ank
\ankhr
hrhn
hnk
k hr
hrti
tic
caj2
aj2 ]rionh
ionh Vh
Vhss \on
\onti
ti ]hri
]hrik
khn,
hn, Q
Qsd
sdh
hn H
H.K
.Khn
hni,
i,
Dhnhkhd Vhbhkuckuc5
\anarfit 2 Qnivarsiths ]hnbunkpurh
Coth tarfit 2 \ontihnhc  
 

 Nodor IUUN 2 61=0-0=66

Hjhdht Uitus 2

FHF II VINKCHUHN IUIHV]ICAJ

 H.   \anmh`ujuhn

\onsaj suhtu hjht codunichsi farfhsis jistric yhnk dadijici trhnsdittar yhnk
dankufh` suhrh danbhmi kajodfhnk sinusoimhj continu yhnk cadumihn miphnehrchn
cajuhr dajhjui hntanh, kajodfhnk rhmio ini fargjuctuhsi dajhjui umhrh yhnk
danidfujchn rhmihsi ajactrodhknatic.\anajitihn ini fartubuhn untuc dankath`ui

 fashr rhmihsi ajactrodhknatic yhnk tarmiri mhri damhn dhknat mhn damhn jistric
yhnk mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj catich faroparhsi hphch` dhsi` mi mhjhd hdfhnk fhths
hdhn yhnk mijhcuchn dajhjui pankucurhn damhn dhknat mhn damhn jistric phmh
 fafarhph shdpaj ponsaj.\ankucurhn mijhcuchn mankhn ehrh dadfuht phnkkijhn
 fuhthn tar`hmhp ponsaj ofbac mhn miucur phmh camuh sisi ponsaj yhitu sisi maphn
mhn sisi fajhchnk dhsink ― dhsink mankhn bhrhc yhnk farfamh dankkunhchn hjht uc
Qr adg survay @ I  5 7<=  @ojhmhy Inmustri.
Inmustri.

Fashrn
Fashrnyh
yh Damhn
Damhn Jistri
Jistric,
c, Damhn
Damhn Dhknat
Dhknat dhupun
dhupun Mansit
Mansiths
hs Mhyh
Mhyh yhnk

mi`hsijchn
mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj dadijici
dadijici `ufunkhn
`ufunkhn yhnk farfhnmink
farfhnmink tarfhjic
tarfhjic tar`hmhp
tar`hmhp
 bhrhc. Uadhcin macht bhrhc pankucurhn, dhch sadhcin fashr pujh Damhn Jistric 
dhupun damhn dhknat yhnk mi`hsijchn. Fashr cuht damhn Jistric, Damhn Dhknat
mhn Mansiths mhyh yhnk mi`hsijchn oja` tajapon sajujar yhnk tajh` mi ucur safhkhi
ofbac dhsi` mifhwh` fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\ fhic untuc 
jinkcunkhn carbh dhupun untuc dhsyhrhcht udud. \onsaj suhtu hjht codunichsi
 farfhsis jistric yhnk dadijici trhnsdittar yhnk dankufh` suhrh danbhmi kajodfhnk
sinusoimhj continu yhnk cadumihn miphnehrchn cajuhr dajhjui hntanh, kajodfhnk
rhmio ini fargjuctuhsi dajhjui umhrh yhnk danidfujchn rhmihsi ajactrodhknatic.

\anajitihn ini fartubuhn untuc dankath`ui fashr rhmihsi ajactrodhknatic

ajactr odhknatic yhnk
 

tarmirii mhri damhn dhknat mhn damhn jistric yhnk mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj catich
tarmir
 faroparhsi hphch` dhsi` mi mhjhd hdfhnk fhths hdhn yhnk mijhcuchn dajhjui
 pankucurhn damhn
da mhn dhknat mhn damhn
damh n jistric phmh fafarhph shdpaj ponsaj.

\ankucurhn mijhcuchn mankhn ehrh dadfuht phnkkijhn fuhthn

tar`hmhp
 ponsaj ofbac mhn miucur phmh camuh sisi ponsaj yhitu sisi maphn mhn sisi fajhchnk
dhsink ― dhsink mankhn bhrhc yhnk farfamh dankkunhchn hjht ucur
 A
 AD
D GUurvaydatar @I 57<=
57<= @ojhmhy
 @ojhmhy Inmustri.
Inmustri. Fashrnyh Damhn Jistric, Damhn
Dhknat dhupun Mansiths Mhyh yhnk mi
m i`hsijchn oja` ponsaj
dadiji
dadijici
ci `ufunk
`ufunkhn
hn yhnk
yhnk farfhn
farfhnmin
mink
k tarfhj
tarfhjic
ic tar`hm
tar`hmhp
hp bhrhc.
bhrhc. Uadhc
Uadhcin
in
macht bhrhc pankucurhn, dhch sadhcin fashr pujh D
Damhn
amhn Jistric dhupun damhn
dhknat yhnk mi`hsijchn.

Fashr cuht damhn Jistric, Damhn Dhknat mhn Mansiths mhyh yhnk
mi`hsijchn oja` tajapon sajujar yhnk tajh` mi ucur safhkhi ofbac dhsi`
mifhwh` fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\ fhic untuc 
jinkcunkhn carbh dhupun untuc dhsyhrhcht udud.

F. Mascripsi Isi

6.8 Cjhsigichsi
6.8 Cjhsigichsi Upactrud KajodfhnkAjactrodhknatic 
KajodfhnkAjactrodhknatic 

Damhn ajactrodhknat mhpht mifamhchn farmhshrchn gracuansinyh, danbhmi2

8. Uthtie ADG (< @z). Uudfarnyh hnthrh jh in damhn

ajactrodhknat hjhd, DVI, ajactrojisis inmustrihj.

6.  Axtradajy jow-Graquaney (AJG) ADG (<-5<<@z).

Kajodfhnk ajactrodhknatic ini mi`hsijchn timhc `hnyh catich
 

hjirhn jistric mi`hnthrchn dajhjui chfaj jistric, tathpi bukh

catich mikunhchn mhjhd hjht ajactronic. Gracuansi kajodfhnk

ini catich mi`hsijchn oja` hjht ajactronic hmhjh` sacithr 1<-7<

@z.

5.  Intardamihta graquaney ADG (5<< @z ―8<< c@z).

Uudfarnyh hnthrh jhin mataetor dathj, `hnms graa.

=.  Vhmio graquaney ADG (8<< c@z ― 5<<K@z). Uudfarnyh

hnthrh jhin kajodfhnk ]W, rhmio, ponsaj, dierowhva ovan.
ovan.

1.
6.6 Kjofhj Uystad
6.6 Kjofhj Uystad gor Dofija Eodduniehtion (KUD)

Uistad kjofhj untuc codunichsi dofija (KUD) hmhjh` safuh`

 protocoj codunichsi mikithj nirchfaj untuc ponsaj mhn micadfhnkchn

 phmh hwhj 890<-hn. ]acnojoki KUD mieipthchn untuc dank`ijhnkchn

dhshjh`-dhshjh` tartantu mankhn panmh`ujunyh sajujhr bhrinkhn.

Dhshjh`
Dhshjh` yhnk hmh mhri bhrinkhn
bhrinkhn sajujhr hmhjh` bhrink
bhrinkhn
hn hnhjok timhc fish

danhnkhni partudfu`hn chphsiths bhrinkhn sajujhr mhn bhrinkhn mikithj

yhnk hmh timhc codphtif

codphtifaj
aj shtu shdh jhin. ]acnojoki
]acnojoki KUD tajh`

dadfuht
dadfuht codunichsi mhth jafi` dumh` untuc dadfhnkun ca mhjhd

systad
systad mankhn
mankhn sthnmhr
sthnmhr fihyh
fihyh ranmh`
ranmh` mimucu
mimucunk
nk suhrh
suhrh phnkkij
phnkkijhn
hn mhn

jhyhnhn
jhyhnhn pashn sinkcht (UDU). \onsaj dantrhnsdis
dantrhnsdisichn
ichn mhn danaridh
danaridh

sinyhj mhri mhn ca sufsthsiun yhnk mitadphtchn mi tankh` coth.

Uufsthsiun yhnk danaridh sinyhjphjink barni` mhri tajapon ,pashn

ca bhrinkhn tajapon jochj bhrhc bhu`. Bhrinkhn \arsonhj Eodduniehtio

Eodduniehtio

Uarvieas (\EU) dirip mankhn sistadtajapon sajujar.

\EUdanyamihchn codunichsi suhrh mhn mhth mimashin untuc danbhnkchu

mharh` yhnk juhs. \ith gracuansi 0<< shdphi mankhn 5<<< D@z tajh`

mibhth`chn untuc parhjhthn codunichsi ini (Coff,8995) Chranh tajapon

sajujar
sajujar hthu unit \EU `hrus far`ufunkhn mankhn sufsthsiun
sufsthsiun yhnk

mijathcchn fafarhph cijodatar bhu`nyh, phnehrhn mhri parhjhthn ini

 

`hrus eucup cuht untuc dadhstichn sinyhjnyh fhkus. \arhjhthn ini

dadhnehrchn mhyh sacithr <,8 shdphi mankhn 8,< [. ]inkcht mhyh mhri

hntanh ini hdhn untuc casa`hthn caphjh (Gise`atti, 8995). Carhphthn mhyh

 punehc mhri hntanh phmh tajapon sajujar ini dadmachti =,0 [/d6 hthu

<,=0 d[/ed6.

6.5 Vhmihsi
6.5 Vhmihsi Ajactrodhknatic ]ajapon Uajujar 

Uaehrh khris fashr, anarki tothj yhnk misarhp mhn mistrifusinyh mi mhjhd
tufu` dhnusih hmhjh` tarkhntunk fafarhph `hj2

8. Gracuansi mhn phnbhnk

kajodfhnk damhn

ajactrodhknatic.

6. \ojhrishsi damhn ADG.

5. Congikurhsi (saparti bhrhc) hnthrh fhmhn mhn sudfar rhmihsi ADG.

=. Cahmhhn phphrhn rhmihsi, saparti hmhnyh fanmh jhin

mi sacithr sudfar rhmihsi.

1. Uight-sight ajactric (jistric) tufu` (consthn miajactric 

mhn conmuctiviths). @hj ini shnkht tarkhntunk phmh

chmhr hir mi mhjhd tufu`. Vhmihsi hchn jafi` fhnyhc 

misarhp phmh damih mankhn consthn miajactric yhnk

tinkki, saparti othc, otot, mhn bhrinkhn jhinnyh mankhn

chmhr hir yhnk tinkki.

Danu
Danuru
rutt ]`a Nhtionhj Vhmiojokiehj \rotaetion Fohrm 

(N\VF) QC, Inkkris. Agac yhnk mitidfujchn oja` rhmihsi

kajodfhnk
kajodfhnk ajactrodhknat
ajactrodhknatic
ic mhri tajapon sajujar 
sajujar 

mifhki danbhmi muh yhitu 2

8. Agac gisiojokis

Agac gisiojokis daruphchn agac yhnk mitidfujchn oja`

rhmihsi kajodfhnk ajactrodhknatic tarsafut yhnk

 

dankhcifhtchn khnkkuhn phmh orkhn-orkhn tufu` dhnusih

 faruph chnkcar othc mhn panmankhrhn, tudor, parufh`hn phmh

 bhrinkhn dhth, tardhsuc ratinh mhn jansh dhth, khnkkuhn phmh

rapromucsi, `ijhnk inkhthn, caphjh

 panink.

6. Agac psicojokis

Daruphchn agac cabiwhhn yhnk mitidfujchn oja`

rhmihsi tarsafut dishjnyh tidfujnyh strass mhn

catimhcnyhdhnhn chranh panyinhrhn rhmihsi farujhnk-ujhnk.

6.= Fhths
6.= Fhths Hdhn Vhmihsi kajodfhnkDicro

\anajitihn dankanhi pankhru` kajodfhnk dicro

tar`hmhp tufu` dhnusih danyhthchn fh`wh untuc mhyh

shdphi mankhn 8<d[/ed6 dhsi` tardhsuc mhjhd nijhi

hdfhnk fhths hdhn. Nijhi hdfhnk fhths hdhn safashr 8<

d[/ed6 ini farjhcu mi Hdarich, samhnkchn untuc nakhrh

nakhrh jhin fajud miehphi chth saphcht farhph safanhrnyh nijhi

hdfhnk fhths hdhn tarsafut.

Mhjhd \anujishn Burnhj ini hchn mi chbi farmhshrchn

sthnmhr fhths hdhn yhnk micajuhrchn oja` Intarnhtionhj

Vhmihtion \rotaetion Hssoeihtion (IV\H) mhn Intarnhtionhj

Eoddission On Ionizink Vhmihtion \rotaetion (IENIV\) yhnk

tarfhru yhitu th`un 8990 tanthnk phphrhn fhths hdhn damhn

ajactrodhknat
ajactrodhknatic
ic untuc situhsi carbh dhupun untuc dhsyhrhcht

udud.

6.1   Upasigie Hfsorftion Vhta (UHV)

 Nijhi Upasigie Hfsorftion Vhta (UHV) mhri ponsaj mi`itunk mankhn

dankkunhchn parshdhhn faricut.

 

6
Upasigie Hfsorftion Vhta ( UHV ) 4  |A  |
υ  A 
6 ψ

Midhnh 2
υ 4 Conmuctiviths Bhrinkhn (U/d)

ψ 4Dhssh Caphmhthn
Bhrinkhn (Ck/d5)

A 4 Damhn Jistric  

(W/d)

Fashrnyh nijhi Upasigie Hfsorftion Vhta (UHV) ponsaj tar`hmhp bhrinkhn

tufu`d farmhshrchn \arshdhhn mi hths yhitu cornah, otot mhn othc hmhjh` bhrinkhn
yhnk phjink sansitig chranh dadijici nijhi conmuctiviths jistric yhnk phjink fashr fhic 
untuc
untuc padhneh
padhnehrr 9<<D@z
9<<D@z dhupun
dhupun 80<<D@
80<<D@z.
z. Nijhi
Nijhi UHV bukh
bukh mipankh
mipankhru`
ru`ii oj
oja`
a`
 fashrnyh nijhi damhn jistric (A) yhnk mi`hsijchn ponsaj.

8. Datoma pankucurhn

Datoma yhnk mikunhchn mhjhd panajitihn acshcth ini hmhjh` dankkunhchn

datoma prhmikdh cuhntithtig, yhitu mankhn dankudpujchn mhth pankucurhn
jhphnkhn ( giajm
( giajm rasahre`)
rasahre`) safhkhi mhth pridar yhnk danbhmi fh`hn hnhjish. Datoma
 pankucurhn untuc pankhdfijhn mhth hmhjh` mankhn dajhcuchn
 pankucurhn damhn dhknat mhn damhn jistric misacithr ponsaj yhnk samhnk
danaridh
danaridh phnkkijhn
phnkkijhn fuhthn. ]itic pankucurhn
pankucurhn mitantuchn
mitantuchn farmhshrchn
farmhshrchn
 pankkunhhn ponsaj yhnk fhnyhc mijhcuchn dhsyhrhcht phmh ududnyh, yhitu
mijhcuchn
mijhcuchn phmh 6 sisi ponsaj,
ponsaj, yhitu sisi maphn mhn fajhchnk ponsaj,
ponsaj, samhnkchn
samhnkchn
untuc bhrhc yhnk mihdfij dhsink- dhsink < ed, 8 ed, 5 ed mhn 1 ed.

Mhjhd
Mhjhd panku
pankucur
curhn
hn damhn
damhn dhkna
dhknatt dhupu
dhupun
n damhn
damhn jistr
jistric
ic hchn
dankkunhchn
dankkunhchn hjht ―hjht panmucunk,
panmucunk, yhitu mumuchn
mumuchn fuhthn untuc hjht ucur 
dhupun
dhupun ofbac
ofbac ucur
ucur yhnk
yhnk mhpht
mhpht danun
danunbhnk
bhnk pankuc
pankucurh
urhn
n sasuh
sasuhii mankhn
mankhn
 prosamur. Hkhr `hsij pankucurhn danmhpht `hsij yhnk hcurht, dhch tihp
 pankucurhn mijhcuchn safhnyhc 5 chji mhn mihdfij rhth-rhthnyh mhjhd murhsi
curhnk jafi` 8 danit.
 

6.8   \ankucurhn Damhn Dhknat (@)

\ankucurhn damhn dhknat phmh ponsaj mijhcuchn mankhn ehrh

dadposisichn hjht ucur takhc jurus hthu `orizonthj tar`hmhp ponsaj (samhnk
 faroparhsi) yhnk hchn miucur sasuhi mankhn ucurhn bhrhc yhnk hmh phmh

mumuchn hjht ucur fuhthn chranh hrh` cuht damhn dhknat mhri suhtu parhjhthn
(ofbac) yhnk mihjiri hrus jistricsasuhi mankhn chimh` thnkhn chnhn Gjadink.

6.6   \ankucurhn Damhn Jistric (A)

\ankucurhn damhn jistric phmh ponsaj mijhcuchn mankhn ehrh

dadposisichn hjht ucur sabhbhr hthu vartichj tar`hmhp ponsaj yhnk hchn miucur hkhr 
cuht damhn jistric mhpht tarthnkchp oja` sansor yhnk tarmhpht phmh hjht
h jht ucur 
 farfantuc jinkchrhn, `hj ini michranhchn hrh` cuht damhn jistric mhri suhtu parhjhthn
parh jhthn

(ofbac) hmhjh` rhmihj.

5. @hsij \anajitihn

5.8.  Cuht Damhn Jistric mhn Damhn Dhknat

Mhri `hsij pankucurhn, damhn jistric tarucur yhnk tarfashr 

mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj fardarc ‚F— mankhn tipa ‚xxxx— mi sisi fajhchnk yhitu
safashr 68.55 W/d mhn 6<.0; W/d untuc sisi maphnnyh. Uamhnkchn untuc damhn
dhknat tarucur
tarucur yhnk tarfashr
tarfashr mi`hsijchn
mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj fardarc ‚Di— mankhn tipa
tipa

‚xxx— mi sisi fajhchnk yhitu safashr <.<97 H/d mhn untuc sisi maphn yhnk tarfashr 
mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj fardarc‚F—mankhn tipa ‚xxxx— yhitu safashr <.<<0= H/d. `hsij
 pankucurhn
 pankucurhn tarfashrmi`hsijchn
tarfashrmi`hsijchn dhsink ―dhsink phmh bhrhc < ed. Mhri `hsij panajitihn
mhpht miji`ht fh`wh `ufunkhn hnthrh damhn dhknat mhn damhn jistric farfhnmink
tarfhjic tar`hmhp bhrhc, ‚sadhcin fashr bhrhc dhch nijhi damhn dhknat mhn damhn
jistric yhnk mi`hsijchn hchn sadhcin caeij—. Uamhnkchn bich miji`ht mhri
sisi pankucurhn, safhkihn fashr ponsaj yhnk mi ucur dadijici nijhi damhn dhknat
mhn damhn jistric
jistric yhnk
yhnk jafi` fashr phmh sisi fajhchnk
fajhchnk ponsaj,
ponsaj, samhnkchn
samhnkchn phmh
\onsaj ‚Di— ‚xxx—, `hsij pankucurhn danunbucchn damhn jistric yhnk mi`hsijchn

jafi`fashr phmh sisi maphn. @hj ini mhpht misafhfchn chranh posisi trhnsdittar phmh
tihp ponsajjathcnyh farfamh ― famh.
 

5.6. Mansiths
5.6.  Mansiths Mhyh
Mhri parfhnminkhn mhth mhpht miji`ht fh`wh `ufunkhn hnthrh
 fashr mansiths mhyh (U) tathp farfhnmink tarfhjic tar`hmhp bhrhc. Mhn mhri sisi
 pankucurhn, fashr mansiths mhyh yhnk mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj jafi` fashr phmh

 fhkihn sisi fajhchnk ponsaj, `hj ini danunbucchn fh`wh shht danaridh phnkkijhn
jafi` hdhn phmh posisi ponsaj fhkihn sisi maphn (jhyhr ponsaj) Fashr nijhi Mansiths
Mhyh farmhshrchn
farmhshrchn parshdhhn (U 4 A@) yhnk tartinkki
tartinkki mhri \onsaj fardarc ‚F—
mankhn tipa ‚xxxx— yhitu safashr 8.;;< [/d6 phmh sisi fajhchnknyh mhn 8.;15
[/d6 phmh sisi maphnnyh.

5.5.  Upasigie Hfsorftion Vhta(UHV)

 Nijhi UHV yhnk phjink fashr mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj fardarc ‚F—
‚ F— mankhn tipa
‚xxxx— tar`hmhp fhkihn cornah yhitu <.=<=; [/Ck untucgracuansi 9<<D@z mhn

<.1<;1  [/
<.1<;1 [/C 
C k unutcgracuan
unutcgracuanss8i 
8i 0<<D@z.

5.=.  Cuht Damhn Ajactrodhknatic ]ar`hmhp Fhths Hdhn yhnk

Mitathpchn oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\
Fhths hdhn damhn dhknat untuc jinkcunkhn
jinkcunkhn carbh <.6= H/d
 phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn <.5= H/d phmh gracuansi 80<<D@z,
samhnkchn
samhnkchn untuc dhsyhrhcht
dhsyhrhcht udud fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn
mitathpchn
rajhtigg jafi` caeij,
rajhti caeij, yhitu <.88 H/d
H/d phmh gracuansi
gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn <.87
<.87
H/d phmh gracuansi 80<<D@z. Fhths hdhn damhn jistric untuc 

jinkcunkhn carbh
jinkcunkhn carbh 9< W/d phmh gracuansi
gracuansi 9<<D@z
9<<D@z mhn 86;.6;
86;.6; W/d
 phmh gracuansi 80<<D@z, samhnkchn untuc dhsyhrhcht udud =8.61
W/d phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn 10.5= W/d phmh gracuansi 80<< W/d.

Fhths hdhn mansiths mhyh untuc jinkcunkhn carbh 66.1 ([/d6)

 phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn =1 ([/d6) phmh gracuansi 80<<D@z,
samhnkchn untuc dhsyhrhcht udud fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn rajhtig 
jafi` caeij, yhitu =.1 ([/d6)
([/d6) phmh gracuans
gracuansii 9<<D@z
9<<D@z mhn
mhn 9 ([/d6)
([/d6)
 phmh gracuansi 80<<D@z. Fhths hdhn UHV yhnk farjhcu yhitu yhnk

mitathpchn oja` IENIV\ (Aroph) hmhjh` 6.< [/ck mhn oja` GEE mhn
 

E]IH (QUH) hmhjh` 8.7 [/ck.

Farmhshrchn `hsij pankucurhn mhn par`itunkhn yhnk tajh`

mijhcuchn, fashr cuht damhn Jistric, Damhn Dhknat mhn Mansiths mhyh
yhnk mi`hsijchn oja` tajapon sajujaryhnktajh` mi ucur safhkhi ofbac dhsi`

mifhwh`
mifhwh` fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn
mitathpchn oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\
IENIV\ fhic 
untuc jinkcunkhn
jinkcunkhn carbh dhupun untuc dhsyhrhcht udud phmh
gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn 80<<D@z, samhnkchn untuc fashrnyh nijhi UHV 
yhnk mi`hsijchn ponsaj tar`hmhp fafarhph bhrinkhn tufu` bukh dhsi`
mi fhwh`
fhwh` hdfhnk
hdfhnk fhths hdhn yhnk
yhnk farjhcu
farjhcu mi QUH yhitu 8.7[/Ck
8.7[/Ck
(mitathpchn GEE mhn E]IH) mhn mi Aroph 6.<[/Ck (mitathpchn IENIV\).

FHF III HNHJIUIU

 H. \adfh`hshn Isi Bournhj

Mi burnhj ini
ini dadfh`hs tanthnk rhmihsi yhnk mitidfujchn
mitidfujchn oja` tajapon
sajujar,Dujh
sajujar,Dujhii mhri Agac yhnk mitidfu
mitidfujchn
jchn oja`
oja` rhmihsi
rhmihsi kajodfhn
kajodfhnk
k ajactrodhknat
ajactrodhknatii
mhri tajapon sajujar yhitu faruph 2

8. Agac gisiojokis

Agac gisiojokis daruphchn agac yhnk mitidfujchn oja` rhmihsi

kajodfhnk ajactrodhknatic tarsafut yhnk dankhcifhtchn khnkkuhn phmh orkhn-
orkhn tufu` dhnusih faruph chnkcar othc mhn panmankhrhn, tudor, parufh`hn
 phmh bhrinkhn dhth, tardhsuc ratinh mhn jansh dhth, khnkkuhn phmh rapromucsi,
`ijhnk inkhthn, caphjh panink.
6. Agac psicojokis
Daruphchn agac cabiwhhn yhnk mitidfujchn oja` rhmihsi tarsafut dishjnyh
tidfujnyh strass mhn catimhcnyhdhnhn chranh panyinhrhn rhmihsi farujhnk-
ujhnk.\anajitihn dankanhi pankhru` kajodfhnk dicro tar`hmhp tufu` dhnusih
danyhthchn fh`wh
fh`wh untuc mhyh shdphi mankhn 8<d[/ed6 dhsi` tardhsuc 
mhjhd nijhi hdfhnk fhths hdhn. Fashrnyh nijhi Upasigie Hfsorftion Vhta (UHV)
 ponsaj tar`hmhp bhrinkhn tufu` yhitu cornah, otot mhn othc hmhjh` bhrinkhn yhnk
 phjink sansitig chranh dadijici nijhi conmuctiviths jistric yhnk phjink fashr fhic 
 

untuc padhnehr 9<<D@z

9<<D@z dhupun 80<<D@z Mhri parfhnminkhn mhth mhpht
miji`ht
miji`ht fh`wh `ufunkhn
`ufunkhn hnthrh fashr mansiths mhyh (U) tathp farfhnmink tarfhjic 
tar`hmhp bhrhc. Mhn mhri sisi pankucurhn, fashr mansiths mhyh yhnk mi`hsijchn
oja` ponsaj jafi` fashr phmh fhkihn sisi fajhchnk ponsaj, `hj ini
danunbucchn fh`wh shht danaridh phnkkijhn jafi` hdhn phmh posisi ponsaj

 fhkihn sisi maphn (jhyhr ponsaj).

Fhths
Fhths hdhn
hdhn damhn
damhn dhknat
dhknat untuc
untuc jinkcu
jinkcunkh
nkhn
n carbh
carbh <.6=
<.6= H/d phmh
phmh gracuan
gracuansi
si
9<<D@z mhn <.5= H/d phmh gracuansi 80<<D@z, samhnkchn untuc dhsyhrhcht
udud fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn
mitathpchn rajhtig
rajhtig jafi` caeij, yhitu <.88 H/d phmh
gracuansi
gracuansi 9<<D@z
9<<D@z mhn <.87 H/d phmh gracuans
gracuansii 80<<D@z.
80<<D@z. Fhths
Fhths hdhn damhn
damhn
jistric untuc jinkcunkhn carbh 9< W/d phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn 86;.6; W/d phmh
gracuansi
gracuansi 80<<D@z, samhnkchn untuc dhsyhrhcht udud =8.61 W/d phmh gracuansi
9<<D@z mhn 10.5= W/d phmh gracuansi 80<< W/d. Fhths hdhn mansiths mhyh untuc 

jinkcunkhn carbh 66.1 ([/d6) phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn =1yhnk mitathpchn rajhtig 
jafi` caeij, yhitu =.1 ([/d6) phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn 9 ([/d6) phmh gracuansi
80<<D@z. Fhths hdhn UHV yhnk farjhcu yhitu yhnk mitathpchn oja` IENIV\
(Aroph) hmhjh` 6.< [/ck mhn oja` GEE mhn E]IH (QUH) hmhjh` 8.7 [/ck.
Farmhshrchn
Farmhshrchn `hsij pankucurhn
pankucurhn mhn par`itunkhn
par`itunkhn yhnk tajh` mijhcuchn,
mijhcuchn, fashr cuht
damhn Jistric,
Jistric, Damhn Dhknat mhn Mansiths mhyh yhnk mi`hsijchn oja` tajapon
sajujar yhnk tajh` mi ucur safhkhi ofbac dhsi` mifhwh` fhths hdhn yhnk mitathpchn
oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\ fhic untuc jinkcunkhn carbh dhupun untuc dhsyhrhcht
udud phmh gracuansi 9<<D@z mhn 80<<D@z.

F. Cajafi`hn mhn CacurhnkhnBournhj

-Cajafi`hn

Bournhj ini dadhphrchn tanthnk, rhmihs yhnk damhn ajactrodhknatic yhnk

mitidfujchn
mitidfujchn oja` tajapon
tajapon sajujar.
sajujar. Bournhj ini dadust
dadust agac
agac daduht yhnk mi
tidfujchn mhri rhmihsi damhn ajactrodhknatic fhki tufu` saparti agac gisiojoki mhn
agac psicojokis.
psicojokis. Bournhj ini bukh daduhht mhth yhnk sapati cjhsigichsi
cjhsigichsi spactrud
kajodfhnk ajactrodhknatic, KUD, Vhmihsi Ajactrodhknatic ]ajapon Uajujar, Fhths
hdhn kajodfhnk dicro, Datoma \ankucurhn, \ankucurhn Damhn Jistric,
 

\ankucurhn Damhn Dhknat, Mansiths Mhyh, sarth Cuht Damhn Ajactrodsknatic 

tar`hmhp
tar`hmhp fhts hdhn yhnk mitath
mitathpchn
pchn oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\ saehrh jankchp mankhn
 padfuctihn `hsijnyh mankhn krhgic. Bournhj bukh dankhbhrchn padfheh tanthnk
dankanhi fh`hyhnyh rhmihsidamhn ajactrodhknatic mhri tajapon sajujar Qcurhn
]ujishn yhnk mhpht mihtur sasuhi yhnk padfheh inkinchn chrrnh bournhj ini yhnk

mhjhd fantuc \MG. ]hth jathc mhjhd bournhj ini samar`hnh mhn dumh` mi dankarti
sa`inkkh mhpht dadfhntu padfheh untuc dadh`hdi mankhn dumh` hph yhnk isi
 bournhj shdphichn.

-Cacurhnkhn
Bournhj ini dankkunhc istijh`-istijh` yhnk eucup sujit untuc miph`hdi oja`
 padfheh yhnk curhnk dankarti tanthnk ajactro. Bournhj `hnyh dadhphrchn saehrh
sinkcht tanthnk agacyhnkmi
agacyhnkmi safhfchn oja` rhmihsi damhn ajactrodhknatic oja` tajapon
sajujar.
sajujar. Bournhj
Bournhj ini timhc daduht
daduht fhnyhc khdfhr
khdfhr yhnk fawhrnh sa`inkkh
sa`inkkh dadfuht
dadfuht

 bournhj curhnk danhric. Buornhj bukh dadijici eovar yhnk curhnk danhric mhn
whrnh yhnk shdh satihp `hjhdhnnyh. Mhn bournhj bukh timhc danbajhschn tanthnk
krhgic-krhgic yhnk miduhtnyh sa`ikkh tarcashn dadfuht padfheh foshn dadfheh
 bournhj ini.
FHF IW \ANQ]Q\

 H. Casidpujhn
Mhri Bournhj yhnk mi raviaw mhpht mithric fafarhph casidpujhn

8. Fashrnyh Damhn Jistric, Damhn Dhknat dhupun Mansiths Mhyh yhnk

mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj dadijici `ufunkhn yhnk farfhnmink tarfhjic tar`hmhp
 bhrhc. Uadhcin macht bhrhc pankucurhn, dhch sadhcin fashr pujh Damhn
Jistric dhupun damhn dhknat yhnk mi`hsijchn.

6. Uafhki
Uafhkihn
hn fashr ponsaj dank`hsijchn
dank`hsijchn damhn jistric
jistric mhn damhn dhknat
dhknat
jafi` fashr phmh fhkihn
fhkihn sisi fajhchnk mhriphmh sisi maphnnyh, ini
danunbucchn
danunbucchn fh`wh jafi` hdhn dankkunhchn
dankkunhchn ponsaj mi sisi maphn phmh shht
danaridh phnkkijhn.

5. Fashr damhn dhknat, damhn jistric, mansiths mhyh mhn UHV yhnk
mi`hsijchn
mi`hsijchn oja` ponsaj dhsi` rajhtig caeij mhn mifhwh`
mifhwh` fhths hdhn yhnk
mitathpchn oja` IV\H mhn IENIV\, nhdun parju untuc dadpar`htichn murhsi
whctu mhjhd pankkunhhnnyh, oja` chranh
ch ranh itu dhsi` parju mijhcuchn
 

 panajithn jafi` jhnbut dankanhi damhn ajactrodhknatic.

F. VACODANMHUI

Bournhj ini shnkht fhkus mhn shnkht bajhs mhjhd dadfh`hs Damhn Ajacrodhknatic.
Bournhj ini shnkht shyh racodanmhsichn mhjhd heuhn mhjhd dadfh`hs dhtari Damhn
Ajactrodhknatic . Uarth safhkhi partidfhnkhn mhjhd dadfuht tukhs Eritiehj Bournhj Vaviaw.

MHG]HV \QU]HCH

]hrikh
]hrikhn
n ]rionh
]rionh Vhs \onti,
\onti, Khni Qsdhn
Qsdhn H., Vhbhkucku
Vhbhkuckuc
c Dhnhkh
Dhnhkhd.
d. 6<8;.
6<8;.

U]QMI
U]QMI ]INKCH]
]INKCH] VHMIHU
VHMIHUII DAMHN
DAMHN AJAC]
AJAC]VOD
VODHKN
HKNA]I
A]IC
C YHNK
YHNK

MI]IDFQJCHN OJA@ ]AJA\ON UAJQJHV. \ontihnhc. Qnivarsiths

]hnbunkpurh