Name: Rafanan, Gian Angelburth R.

Subject & Section: CLPARST 1 - LCB

Infective stage Disease caused

Fish tapeworm plerocercoid larva Diphyllobothriasis /

Broad
tapeworm infection
- Clinical symptoms
maybe mild systemic
toxemia, abdominal
discomfort, loss of
weight , loss of appetite
& malnutrition
- The migration of
proglottids can cause
cholangitis
- It can also cause
mechanical obstruction

Bothriocephalus
anemia
- Macrocytic
normochromic anemia
with
thrombocytopenia and
mild leukopenia
- This is a pernicious
type of anemia
- 40% have decreased
vitamin B12 levels

Sparganosis
- This is usually affects
eyes, nose, neck the
brain and abdominal
viscera
- It can cause also
intense inflammation
and eosinophilia
- This may be due to
ingestion of infected
Cyclopes

Ocular Sparganosis
- Edematous swelling of
 the eyelids
- Intense pain and
irritation

Pork tapeworm Cysticercus cellulosae Asymptomatic:

-ellipsoidal, translucent Most people who
-thin walled bladder -invaginated become infected with
scolex equipped with suckers and Taenia spp. typically
hooks remain asymptomatic.

Ova Taeniasis: Pork

-mature when laid Tapeworm Infection.
Nondescript
symptoms, such as
diarrhea, abdominal
pain, change in
appetite, and slight
weight loss, may be
experienced by Taenia-
infected patients. In
addition, symptoms
including dizziness,
vomiting, and nausea
may also develop.
Laboratory tests often
reveal the presence of
a moderate
eosinophilia. The
prognosis is usually
good.

Beef tapeworm Cysticercus bovis Asymptomatic:

-pinkish cyst, opaque Most people who
-with invaginated neck become infected with
With scolex with 4 suckers Taenia spp. typically
remain asymptomatic.

Taeniasis: Beef
Tapeworm Infection:
Nondescript
symptoms, such as
diarrhea, abdominal
pain, change in
appetite, and slight
weight loss, may be
experienced by Taenia-
infected patients. In
addition, symptoms
including dizziness,
vomiting, and nausea
 may also develop.
Laboratory tests often
reveal the presence of
a moderate
eosinophilia. The
prognosis is usually
good.

Dwarf tapeworm Embryonated ova Asymptomatic:

Light infections with H.
Cysticercoid larvae nana typically remain
asymptomatic.

Hymenolepiasis:
Dwarf Tapeworm
Disease:
Persons with heavy H.
nana infections often
develop gastrointestinal
symptoms, such as
abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea,
dizziness, and
headache.

Rat tapeworm Cysticercoid larvae Asymptomatic:

Many patients infected
with H. diminuta remain
asymptomatic.

Hymenolepiasis:
Rat Tapeworm
Disease:
Persons infected with
H. diminuta usually
present with mild
symptoms such as
diarrhea, nausea,
abdominal pains, and
anorexia.

Dog tapeworm Cysticercoid larvae Asymptomatic:

Most infected persons
experience no
symptoms because of a
light worm burden
(infection).

Dipylidiasis: Dog or
Cat
 Tapeworm Disease:
Patients with a heavy
worm burden may
develop appetite loss,
diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, and
indigestion. They may
also experience anal
pruritus caused by
gravid proglottids
migrating out of the
anus.

Gid worm Embryonated ova Cerebral & ocular

coenurosis:
There is not a well-
defined clinical
syndrome for
coenurosis;
presentation will
depend on the location
and extent of the
coenuri. Coenuri in the
skin or subcutaneous
tissue usually present
as painless nodules,
which may be fluctuant
and tender. Most
subcutaneous nodules
manifest on the torso,
sclera, subconjuctiva,
neck, shoulders, head,
and limbs. Coenuri in
the neck may affect
neck movement and
swallowing, and central
nervous system-
associated coenuri may
present with variable
neurologic
signs/symptoms similar
to cysticercosis.
Coenuri in the eye
cause both intraocular
and orbital infections
with varying degrees of
visual impairment.
Obstructive jaundice
has been observed in
some cases where
 coenuri are found
intraperitoneally.
Clinically, coenuri may
mimic lymphomas,
lipomas,
neurofibromas, or
pseudotumors.
Coenurosis should be
distinguished from
other tissue
cestodiases including
cysticercosis, hydatid
disease/echinococcosis
, and sparganosis.

Hydatid worm Embryonated ova Unilocular

echinococcosis,
hydatid disease,
echinococciasis

❖ Man is parasitized
only by the LARVA
(hydatid cyst) of the
tapeworm. The dog is
the optimum definitive
host which consumes
the viscera of the IH
containing the infective
larval stage and thereby
becomes infected.

Alveolar cyst Embryonated ova Damage produced by

the larval forms are
Encysted larvae mechanical and toxic.
Young cyst may
lodge in vital organs
like the capillary beds
of brain or heart valves
producing dangerous
obstruction. In the
bone, they cause
erosion leading to
fracture. In the
abdomen, they grow
 into tremendous size
and burst, followed by
anaphylactic reactions
caused by the toxic
hydatid fluid
Liver (66%)
- Obstructive jaundice -
Fever
- eosinophilia
Lungs (22%)
- Coughing with allergic
symptoms
- Sputum: frothy blood,
mucus, hydatid fluid
Kidneys (3%)
- Intermittent pain
- Hematuria
- Kidney dysfunction
Brain
- Increased intracranial
pressure
- Jacksonian epilepsy

Reference:
Zeibig E. (2014). Clinical Parasitology : A Practical Approach (2nd Edition). Elsevier Health
Sciences. Pg. 242-259

Gacayan, J., Felix, J., Sanchez, E. Clinical Parasitology: A Self-regulated Learning

module.University of Baguio. Pg. 136-156

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, June 14). CDC - dpdx - coenurosis. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from
https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/coenurosis/index.html