Cubism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized

European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and
literature
instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a
multitude of viewpoints to present the piece in a greater context
Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, then residents of the Montmartre quarter of
Paris are the movement's main innovators
French art critic Louis Vauxcelles first used the term "cubism", or "bizarre cubiques",
in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. He described it as 'full of little cubes'
Give me a museum and I'll fill it.
Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor
13,500 paintings, even more drawings than that
2,500 original prints,
1,000 different ceramics, and
700 sculptures in other media.
Given that many of the prints and ceramics were released in an average of seventy-
five editions, the total number of original Picasso works is over a quarter of a
million.
My mother said to me, "If you become a soldier, you'll be a
general; if you become a monk you'll end up as the pope."
Instead, I became a painter and wound up as Picasso”.
First Communion, 1895-96
Portrait of the Artist’s mother,1896
In art one must kill one’s father.
In art one must kill one’s father.
The Blue Period of Picasso, between 1901 and 1904, was when the style of
Pablo Picasso's paintings were heavily emotional, often in the form of blue colors
,featuring depictions of acrobats, harlequins, prostitutes, beggars and other
artists.
The paintings of this period are now some of his most popular works, although he
had difficulty selling them after he painted them.
Suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas in 1901

Death of Casagemas. 1901

 the man has the face of his deceased
friend

La Vie (1903),
La Vie (1903),

El Greco- 1610-1614
The Tragedy. 1903. Oil on wood
The Visit (Two Sisters). 1902
Self-portrait with Cloak (1901)
1905-07
The Rose Period signifies the time when the style of Pablo Picasso's painting
used cheerful orange and pink colours in contrast to the cool, sobre tones of the
previous Blue Period. It lasted from 1905 to 1907
He was happy in his relationship with Fernande Olivier and this has been one of
the possible reasons he changed his style of painting
His circus performers, harlequins and acrobats became more graceful, delicate
and sensuous.
In 1906 the art dealer Ambroise Vollard bought most of Picasso‟s “Rose”
pictures. This marked the beginning of Picasso's prosperity: he would never
again experience financial worries.
The Family of
Saltimbanques.
1905.
Acrobat on a Ball. 1905
It sold for $US104.1 million at
an auction in Sotheby's in
New York, after having been
given a pre-sale estimate of
$70 million by the auction
house.
Many art critics have stated
that the painting's high sale
price has much more to do
with the artist's name than
with the merit or historical
importance of the painting.
The Demoiselles d'Avignon. 1907
The chief enemy of creativity is 'good taste.'
Influence of African sculpture

the charm and beauty of a human being

apart from the face

•A long neck, especially one adorned

with rings, was regarded as particularly
beautiful.

• Breasts signify age and are also a sign

of fertility.

•An emphasized stomach indicates

either pregnancy or well-being, either
physically or in terms of status.

•The muscularity and chubbiness of

legs was more important than their
length symbolizing strength
Woman's Head,
1909
Pablo Picasso
Sketch for The Demoiselles d'Avignon. 1907
Les Demoiselles
d'Avignon. 1907
Why should I copy this owl, this sea urchin? Why should I try
to imitate nature? I might just as well try to trace a perfect
circle. What I have to do is utilize as best I can the ideas
which objects suggest to me . . .
Analytical Cubism is one of two major branches of the artistic movement of Cubism
which was developed between 1909 and 1912.

Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), a style of painting he developed along with Braque

using monochrome brownish colours, where they took apart objects and "analyzed"
them in terms of their shapes.
 Influence of Cezanne
Beginnings of Cubism

The Viaduct at L'Estaque House in Provence), 1879-1882

Georges Braque1907 Cezanne
Self-Portrait. 1907
Head of a Woman. 1907
Woman Seated. 1908.
 Analytic Cubists
"analyzed" natural
forms and reduced the
forms into basic
geometric parts on the
two-dimensional picture
plane.

Factory in Horta de Ebbo. 1909

Bread and Fruit Dish on a
Table (1909) marks the
beginning of Picasso‟s
“Analytical” Cubism: he gives
up a central perspective and
splits forms up into facet-like
stereo-metric shapes
The background and object (or figure)
planes interpenetrate one another to
create the ambiguous shallow space
characteristic of cubism.

Girl with a Mandolin

Visual Abstraction: Artworks tend to
favor visual abstraction over
naturalistic representation. This is
because many artworks, regardless
of medium, tend to represent objects
or ideas rather than depict them

Portrait of Ambroise Vollard. 1910

 All-over
paintings that is
the whole
picture is
activated to
much the same
extent by the
same sort of
marks.

Georges Braque
Candlestick and Playing Cards on a Table,
Picasso, Nude Woman. 1910.
Colour was almost non-existent
(monochromatic), instead they
focused on forms like the cylinder,
sphere and the cone to represent the
natural world.

Le guitariste- Picasso
Violin and Candlestick,1910 ,
Braque
Gertrude Stein famously reported the remarks of Picasso and Braque, viewing
camouflaged military equipment on parade in Paris at the beginning World War I.
"We did that," Picasso said. "That is cubism."
The second phase of cubism, beginning around 1912, is called "Synthetic
Cubism".
Unlike analytic cubism, which fragmented an object into its composing parts
or facets, synthetic cubism brought many different objects together to create
new forms.
Distinct superimposed parts were painted or often pasted onto the canvas,
one effect of which was the introduction of brighter colors into cubist space.
This phase constitutes the birth of the collage and of papier collé
Letters that had hinted to the objects, became objects themselves.
 -depicts objects
scattered across a
table or a tray
-A common oil cloth
has been
mechanically printed
with a design
simulating chair
caning.
-The painting is
surrounded by an
actual rope almost
like the golden frame
of the old paintings.

Still life with chair caning (1911-12)

 Letters that hinted at
an object have bcome
the object themselves
Le Journal is
indicated by the
letters JOU which
also could be a pun
for „jouer‟ meaning to
play.
It could imply this
illusionism is a game.

Still life with chair caning (1911-12)

Pablo Picasso, Bottle of Vieux Marc,
Glass, Guitar and Newspaper, 1913,
collage and pen and ink on blue paper,
Pablo Picasso, Bowl of Fruit,
Violin and Bottle, 1914, oil on
canvas,
According to Braque, Picasso regarded any idea as a fair game
for stealing.
Paper colles or pasted papers was a technique introduced by
Braque around 1912 in response to the collage.
These pasted papers could also take the shape of an object
itself.
Braque a house painter by profession chanced upon some faux
bois papers (imitation of wood grains) in a store front, which led
to the technique.

Paper colles, 1912

Georges Braque, Fruit Dish and
glass, 1912
Georges Braque, Fruit Dish,
"Quotidien du Midi", Sorgues,
August-September 1912, oil and
sand on canvas,
Georges Braque, Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe, and Glass, 1913, charcoal and
various papers pasted on paper,
Georges Braque, Glass, Carafe and Newspapers, 1914,
pasted papers, chalk and charcoal on cardboard
But Picasso’s response to paper
colle was completely different from
that of Braque.
Picasso’s paper colles were more
colourful and used more
heterogeneous materials.

Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass

Pablo Picasso
1912
One must construct the shape of
the guitar by the visual clue of the
incomplete intsrument.
Decoding signs- the white disk for
the sound hole or the blue paper for
the bridge.
Le battaile s’est engage- it could
literally refer to the first Balkan war
waged in Europe or a friendly
challenge to Braque.

Guitar, Sheet Music, and Wine Glass

Pablo Picasso
1912
Au Bon Marché by Pablo Picasso (1913)
Arlequin et femme au collier by Pablo Picasso (1917)
Cubist sculpture
Additive or subtractive process of creating a
sculpture
Juxtaposition of materials or
construction of a sculpture

Painted wood construction

with cardboard, paper and
pencil marks
Mandolin and Clarinet
Pablo Picasso (1913)
Construction of cardboard,
string and wire.

New materials
Wooden planks
Sheet metal
Card board

Maquette for guitar 1912

Pablo Picasso, Still Life, 1914, painted wood and
upholstery fringe, relief,

The traditional meaning of the word sculpture almost lost

in this work. The sculpture here has been treated like a high
relief painting.
The idea as opposed to the skill
What is the contribution of cubism to the images
and artifacts of modern art?
Picasso and Braque appropriated materials from the
everyday surroundings, even mundane ones such
as newspapers.

What is artistic authenticity in such a case?

Which principles of pre-modern art did cubism help
to break?
By appropriating materials from the everyday
surroundings, even mundane ones such as
newspapers, Picasso and Braque

•Undermined definitions of artistic authenticity- after all

there were guilds working before where the making of a
work was a collaborative effort between the apprentices
and the master

•All artifacts and virtually any material could serve art not
just drawing or painting which questioned the very basic
premise of art.

•Conceptual construction of a form through the means of

visual

•art for arts sake

During and after the war
 During and after the war

The bathers
1918
 During and after the war

Still life
1919
 During and after the war

Portrait of Paul Picasso as a

Child.
1923
 During and after the war

The three dancers

1925
 During and after the war

Portrait of Dora Maar

1937
Guernica- Picasso
inspired by Picasso's horror at the Nazi German bombing of Guernica, Spain on April 26,
1937 during the Spanish Civil War.
The air raid destroyed the city, killing an estimated 1600 people and injuring many more.
eleven-and-one-half-foot tall and almost twenty-six feet wide mural painted in oil
The mural presents a scene of death, violence, brutality, suffering, and helplessness
without portraying their immediate causes.
No, YOU did it!
 During and after the war

Portrait of a young girl

1938
Portrait of a young girl
1938
Jacqueline Roque
1957
Every child is an artist, the problem is how to remain an artist
once he grows up.
"Prague became the city of cubism with cubist apartment blocks
full of cubist flats furnished with cubist furniture. The inhabitants
could drink coffee from cubist cups, put flowers in cubist vases,
keep the time on cubist clocks, light their rooms with cubist lamps
and read books in cubist type."
Miroslav Lamac, art historian

Cubism and design

Pavel Janak (1882–1956)
Pavel Janak
 Ash tray

Vlastislav Hofman
Vlastislav Hofman
Josef Hofman
1927
Gorham
cubist tea
set with
colored
faceting
Entrance of apartment building
by Joseph Chochol
Josef Gocár
Czech Cubism Museum. First building realised
in Cubist style. Architect: Josef Gocar (1912).

Josef Gocár
1928 Steinway
piano
advertisement,
which proudly
displays a
Picasso
great shell poster 1933
Edward Mcknight Kauffer 1890 - 1954