Patricia Marie F.

Palencia BSN II
GE8 Ethics – Section AX

Activity 2: Introduction
1. What is the ideal life for you that is worth living for?
- For me, the ideal life that is worth living for is doing what you love and what you do, always
striving for happiness, taking inspiration from the world, doing something that you have
always wanted to do, helping others who are in need, working with passion, not afraid of
making mistakes, being the reason that someone smiles today, trying out different things, and
to living your life to the fullest.
Activity 3: Essence and Significance of Ethics
1. What is the difference between Ethics and Morality?
- Ethics a characteristic way of acting which also refers to the principles or standards of human
conduct. Ethics is also called moral philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior; thus, ethics is sometimes referred to as
the study of morality.

2. What is the importance of studying Ethics in your future career/profession?

- As a nursing student, studying Ethics is important in my future career/profession because
give us a moral compass to perform our duties ethically and assist us in handling difficult
situations. There is what we call Code of Ethics that serves as a guide. It acts as a non-
negotiable standard of ethics for nurses. It also acts as a reminder of our commitment to
society. The code requires us to continue with our learning and evidence-based practice.
Ethical dilemmas in the healthcare setting can spark heated debates among staff, patients and
patients’ families. Since our work mainly focuses on patients, ethics in nursing offers a
framework to help us ensure the safety of patients and our fellow healthcare providers. In the
future, we will encounter situations almost every day that require a strong understanding of
ethics. Education and guides like The Code help them navigate which the right thing to do is
not always clear.

Activity 4: On Moral Dilemma I

1. What is the difference between moral dilemma and Non-Moral Dilemma?
- A moral dilemma is a situation in ethics where the human person is to choose between two
possible alternatives and the options become limited. Moral dilemma happens when we
cannot make a distinction between what is a good act from an evil act. On the other hand,
non-moral dilemma is the choice is between options that are undesirable or unsatisfactory for
non-moral reasons. If the action has no potential to help or harm another person or yourself,
then that action is a nonmoral issue. For example, wondering whether one should eat
grapefruit, wear socks of a specific shade of color, or part your hair on the left side of the
head are all usually considered nonmoral issues.
 2. What is the differences between the three levels of Moral Dilemma?
- The levels of Moral Dilemma are preconventional morality, conventional morality, and
postconventional morality. The preconventional morality is the first stage of moral
development and lasts until approximately age 9. At the preconventional level children don’t
have a personal code of morality, and instead moral decisions are shaped by the standards of
adults and the consequences of following or breaking their rules. Conventional morality is the
second stage of moral development and is characterized by an acceptance of social rules
concerning right and wrong. At the conventional level, most adolescents and adults, we begin
to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models. Postconventional morality is
the third stage of moral development and is characterized by an individuals’ understanding of
universal ethical principles. These are abstract and ill-defined but might include the
preservation of life at all costs and the importance of human dignity.
Activity 5: On Moral Dilemma II
1. What is the situation all about? (Summarize)
2. Who are involved in the situation?
3. If you are the person/s responsible in the situation, what option would you decide or choose to do
and why? Defend your choice or decision as a group.
Activity 6: On Moral Reasoning and Impartiality
1. Why are moral reasoning and impartiality important in our decision-making and judgements?
- Moral reasoning applies critical analysis to specific events to determine what is right or
wrong, and what people ought to do in a particular situation that is why it is important in our
decision-making and judgements. In addition, impartiality is also important in our decision-
making and judgements because it maintains confidence in the decision-making process and
enables making moral judgments to obtain clarity and reasoned judgement.

2. Give a situational example of yours where you used moral reasoning in a specific experience of
your life.
- There were two people of different ethnicities ask me to hold a door open and there is no
difference in the circumstances other than their ethnicity, then I provided them with the same
treatment because they should get equal treatment regardless of their ethnicity. Either you
hold the door for both of them or refuse to help both of them.

3. Give a situational example of yours where you used impartiality in a specific experience of your
life.
- An example of mime about impartiality is while we were having food with your friends, it
seems that I have a special treat to my own friends over the strangers to make sure that they
have food to eat.

Activity 7: On Moral Dilemma II

1. What is the situational all about? (Summarize)
2. Who are involved in the situation?
3. If you are the person/s responsible in the situation, what option would you decide or choose to do
and why? Defend your choice or decision as a group.
Activity 8: Moral Virtue and Eudaimonia
1. Define Moral Virtue and give one situational example of it.
- Virtues are the attitudes, tendencies, or personality qualities that allow us to be and act in
ways that help us realize this potential. They make it possible for us to live up to our values.
For example, a person who has developed the virtue of generosity is often referred to as a
generous person because he or she tends to be generous in all circumstances.

2. Define Aristotle’s Eudaimonia and give one situational example of it.

- According to Aristotle, eudaimonia is the highest human good and the only human good that
is desired for its own sake rather than for the sake of something else. For example,
volunteering to help others would improve well-being because it is contributing to one's own
community.

3. How is Aristotle’s Eudaimonia be attained through moral virtue? Give one situational example of
such relationship.
- According to Aristotle, eudaimonia can only be attained by leading an active life that fully
utilizes our inherent talents and abilities, both as individuals and as humans. To be the best
human is to be the most virtuous. For example, telling an upsetting truth to a friend, this
doesn’t guarantee ‘happiness’ in the modern sense of the word. In fact, it might mean doing
something that makes us unhappy.
Activity 9: Feelings or Emotions in Decision Making
1. Define feeling and emotions and state their differences using an example.
- Feelings are related to basic emotions, but they play a different role in our lives. For example,
social circles that promote toxic masculinity may cause men to express emotions in unhealthy
ways. In these environments, they’re often shamed for expressing feelings related to sadness.
Emotions are natural to all humans, regardless of culture. For example, if we encounter a
dangerous animal in the wild, only one emotion makes sense which is fear.

2. Define what is decision making.

- Decision making is a step-by-step process about choosing from the available options which
includes gathering information and assessing alternative resolutions. The importance of
decision making lies in the way it helps you in choosing between various options. Before
making a decision, there is a need to gather all available information and to weigh its pros
and cons.

3. What could be the positive and negative effects of our feelings/emotions in our decision making?
- Emotions shape decisions through the depth of thought. In addition to influencing the content
of thought, emotions also influence the depth of information processing related to decision
making. On the other hand, it can affect not just the outcome of the decision, but the speed at
which you make it. Anger can lead to impatience and rash decision making. If you’re excited,
you might make quick decisions without considering the implications.
 4. Give a situational example of yours where your decision making is highly affected by your
feelings or emotions.
- There was a time when I was stressed, disappointed, and impatient while I was editing a
video presentation for our project. My laptop was also not cooperating that time. Due to my
lack of patience and all of the feelings and emotions I felt, my video presentation didn’t end
up the way I like it to be. I should be calm and patient that time and I should put aside all my
emotions for me to have a better product.
Activity 10: Culture and Moral Behavior
1. Define Culture and Tradition and give their differences using 1 example each.
- The main difference between culture and tradition is that traditions describe a group’s beliefs
and behaviors that are passed down from one generation to another. Culture describes the
shared characteristics of the entire group, which has been amassed throughout its history. For
example, in culture it includes everything from the food you eat to the TV shows you watch,
as well as art, language, fashion, dance, and more. On the other hand, an example of tradition
is to remove your shoes when entering a home in Japan is a shared custom passed down from
parent to child. It’s rooted in good manners, as is the tradition of bowing to those you greet.
These honor Japan’s greater culture, which largely centers around showing respect.

2. What is moral behavior? Give 1 situational example that defines moral behavior.
- Moral behavior is extremely subjective, but it is generally represented by an individual’s
knowledge of social and cultural norms and the capacity to perform good works through
selfless actions. For example, avoiding lying, cheating and stealing is indicative of moral
people, as they are attempting to refrain from committing action that could be dishonest and
hurtful to themselves and others.

3. What is cultural relativism? Give 1 situational example that defines cultural relativism.
- The common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands.
This is a common behavior and a sign of connectedness between two people. In England, by
contrast, holding hands is largely limited to romantically involved couples, and often suggests
a sexual relationship. These are simply two different ways of understanding the meaning of
holding hands. Someone who does not take a relativistic view might be tempted to see their
own understanding of this behavior as superior and perhaps the foreign practice as being
immoral.

4. How does culture shape the person’s view or understanding of morality? Give one example
- Rather than defining our moral behavior, it influences and changes our definitions of what
ought to be deemed morally acceptable by consistent exposure to it. Moral judgements and
behaviors are highly sensitive to culture. The understanding and construction of the exact
same moral issues can vary substantially across individuals who come from different cultural
backgrounds or possess different levels of multicultural experiences.
Activity 11: Development of Moral Character
1. What is Moral Character?
- Moral Character is an individual’s disposition to think, feel, and behave in an ethical versus
unethical manner, or as the subset of individual differences relevant to morality. It also
 separate what is right from wrong and they are the foundation of character, because they
govern the way people think and behave.

2. Using Kholberg’s Development of Moral Character, give 1 situational example for each stage
under the 3 levels (pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional)
Pre-conventional:
It would be bad for me to take my sister’s things because our parents will punish me and
get angry to me.
Conventional:
I better not drink and drive because my friends will think less of me and I, in turn, will think less
of myself.
Post-conventional:
It can’t be right that huge corporations sometimes pay no taxes; that law needs to be changed, so
that the burden of taxes falls more equally on everyone’s shoulders.