Transportation Management 1662 - Pacal, together with Marquis de Crenan &

Duke de Roannez, founded a transport company

Land Transportation utilizing their seven carriages. They had a regular
- It is also called “ground transportation.” service around Paris.
As an asset of tourism supporting the End of 17th Century – Similar horse – drawn coach
mobility of the consumers of tourism transport was being utilized in Paris, London, and
products, land transport conveniently aids Berlin.
the travel of people in two various ways: by
road and rail transportation. 1826 – The first coach line was founded in Nantes,
France
Advantages & Disadvantages of Land
Transportation 1827 – USA followed, and it was operated by
Abraham Brower along Broadway in New York
Advantages Disadvantages City.
Automobile Routing is It requires:
flexible -Parking 1828 – General des voitures dites was founded by
spaces Baundry its operation was within Paris
Baggage or -Toll fees;
luggage -Maintenance 1886 – Karl Benz introduced the gasoline-powered
handling can expenses; and automobile in Mannheim Germany
be free of fuel cost 1898 – It was when the first motorized omnibus was
stress
used for tourism
Driving by car
can be tiring 19th Century – Europe & North America utilized
Rail Fare can be Routing is not motorized buses
inexpensive flexible
It is quite 20th Century – Technologically advanced
stress-free There is a automobile was introduced in the market.
minimal space
There is an for storing Road-based Tourist Transport
opportunity luggage Automobiles are defined as four-wheeled vehicles
for scenic used for passenger transportation. Public passengers
viewing.
find land transport appealing for the following
There is a reasons:
spacious • Control of route & stops en route
legroom.
• Control of departure time
There is a
strategic rail • Ability to carry baggage &
station equipment easily
location
• A possible use for accommodation
• Privacy
Historical Development of Land Transportation
• Freedom to use the automobile in &
17th Century - Blaise Pascal recognized the need
around a destination
for passenger transport as most of the population
could not afford their carriages. He invented first • Low perceived out-of-pocket
vehicle that resembles a bus in a form of horse- expenses.
drawn capable of carrying eight passengers.
Car Rentals
• Known as hire, rental car, and rent-a-car,
play a significant part in providing leisure
travel to tourists. They offer their services to
major tourism suppliers in the industry such
as airlines, hotels, travel agents, and tour
operators.
Car Rental is often considered due to the following
reasons:
• It allows the tourists to get around the
location easily.
• It is the best way for tourists to experience
the place.
• It allows tourists to experience the place.
• Tourists prefer driving while in vacation.
• Tourists want to try out a car.
• It allows tourists to save money (If two or
more share the rental cost).
Motorcoaches
• Coach is a common term used in tourism
that refers to a “bus” – a huge vehicle that
can carry about 20 or more passengers. “A
passenger road motor vehicle designed to
seat at least 24 or more persons”
Types of Bus Services:
1. Regular Service – this type of bus services
include inter-urban & rural transportation
and urban transit systems.
2. Special Regular Services – this type of bus
services cater to schools, employees, and
other ground passenger transportation
(shuttle).
3. Occasional Services – this type of bus
service offers charter buses & scenic
sightseeing transportation, which are
commonly sought transport services in the
tourism industry.
Motorcoach as an Attraction
1. Hop-on, Hop-off (also known as “step-on, step-
off”)
- This motorcoach gives it passenger liberty &
opportunity to explore the city by allowing them to
get off the bus & get on to another bus for a day or a
certain period.
2. Vintage Buses
- This type of coach gives a tourist a memorable
experience to be onboard the restored
transportation.
3. Double-decker Buses
- A two-deck or two-story bus that is capable to seat
between 60-120 passengers.
4. Rotel
- “Rolling hotel” or “hotel on wheels.” It is a coach
plus hotel in one. It consists of a semi-private
sleeping area.
5. Recreational Vehicles or RV
- It is a vehicle with a provision for a living area
that is used for travelling, camping, or recreation. It
is also termed as a motorhome or towable.
Cycling and Tourism
- Bicycle is a non-motorized land-based
transport. It is also considered an alternative
& sustainable to way go around the city and
visit tourist attractions.
Rail Transport
- This mode of transport transport passengers
& goods using vehicles designed to run
along railroads or railways.
Benefits of Rail Transport:
a. Delivers a comfortable & safe trip
b. Allows passengers to save money &
time
c. Allows passenger to meet people &
experience the environment
d. Feels like traveling back in time

History of Rail Passenger Service
15th century – Rooted from wagon roads, wooden
rails used manpower or horse-power to pull wagon
carts
16th century – The British utilized rail transport to
carry coal mines
17th century – Wooden rails & wheels were
replaced by iron steel
18 century – The steam locomotive engine was
th
invented
1825 – Stockton & Darlington Railroad Company
was first railroad to run regular scheduled services
for passengers and goods.
1830 – It was when the first scheduled steam-
powered rail passenger service in the USA
happened
1835 – The Continental Europe Germany &
Belgium opened their first rail routes
1836 – First public railway in Quebec Canada
1845 – Thomas Cook organized leisure travel
19 Century – This was the golden age of rail
th
transportation
20th Century – Other modes of transportation such
as automobiles, buses, and planes began to
challenge rail transportation
History of Rail Transport in the Philippines
- It was 1875 when King Alfonso XII of
Spain set a decree to establish a general plan
for the railroad line in Luzon.
1891 - The first commercial line (Ferrocarril line)
was opened in Bagbag, Pangasinan
1892 – The line from Manila to Dagupan was
complete & set for commercial operations. This line
had a total length of 195.4 kms.
1896 – The rail operations were interrupted due to
the revolutionary forces that took over
1899 – The Manila – Dagupan railway was used by
the Americans to pursue Aguinaldo after he
declared war against the Americans
1900 – The American Colonial government restored
& returned the railroad services to the Philippine
government
1917 – This was the final nationalization of the
Manila Railroad Company (MRRCo.) the English
name of Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan
1931- The first operation of the Bicol train
1938 – Formal inauguration of the unified system of
the railroad from San Fernando, La Union in the
North to Legazpi in the South
1954 – 1956 – The Manila Railroad Company
adapted diesel engines its fleet of trains
1964 – Philippine National Railways (PNR) was
created through Republic Act No. 4156
Kinds of Rail Travel
1. Transportation Rail - This type of rail
travel caters to passengers commuting either
short – or long-distance travels
2. High Speed - This kind of rail travel is
through high-speed trains that provide the
fastest way to get from place to place. It is
also known as bullet trains, like Japan’s
Shinkansen, Amtrak of USA and TGV of
France.
3. Specialty Train - “Scenic railways.” It
offers super deluxe services that are usually
owned privately. This type of train is
considered an attraction itself. Examples of
specialty trains are Orient Express &
Africa’s Blue Train
4. Local Train - This type of train is also
referred to as a commuter train. It is often
located in the city or metro such as subways,
streetcars, and monorails.
5. Other types of Train include:
 Monorail – This type of train tends
to be used commonly in airports. It is
operating on a single beam or rail.
 Cable-propelled – this type of train
includes aerial tramways, gondolas,
 and cable cars that are popular tourist
transport.
 Narrow-gauge railway – this type
of train utilizes a narrower track
gauge that is used mainly for
tourism.
Major International Rail Transportation System
- Train travel is characterized as an efficient,
fast, convenient, and less expensive mode of
transport, particularly in European countries.
- A significant development in rail
transportation also took place in Europe,
specifically in London, England and Paris,
France, through Chunnel or Channel Tunnel.
Other developments that enhanced rail services are:
1. Eurail – this is the most extensive railway
system for travel in Europe. Eurail allows
tourists to travel within EU countries using a
one entry pass.
2. TGV – this is a high-speed train that
operates all over France & beyond. The
international TGV services connect France
with Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy,
and Spain.
In addition, Japan and the USA have efficient rail
transportations.
1. Seikan Tunnel – 53 km. railway tunnel
passes beneath the Tsugaru Strait and
connects Aomori Prefecture on Honshu
Island and Hokkaido.
Seikan tunnel is known as the world’s deepest &
longest railway tunnel.
2. National Railroad Passenger Corporation
Amtrak – “Amtrak.” It is a corporation
striving to deliver a high-quality, safe and
on-time rail passenger service in the United
States.
Land Transportation in the Philippines
- Land Transportation Policies in the
Philippines
 Republic Act 4136 is also known as the
“Land Transportation and Traffic Code of
the Philippines.”
Section 3 of the Act defines the following terms that
were used in the act and are applicable to tourism:
(a) “Motor Vehicle” shall mean any vehicle
propelled by any power other than muscular power
using the public highways, but excepting road
rollers, trolley cars, street-sweepers, sprinklers,
lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders, fork-lifts,
amphibian trucks, and cranes if not used on public
highways, vehicles which run only on rails or
tracks, and tractors, trailers and traction engines of
all kinds used exclusively for agricultural purposes.
Trailers having any number of wheels, when
propelled or intended to be propelled by attachment
to a motor vehicle, shall be classified as separate
motor vehicle with no power rating.
(b) “Passenger automobiles” shall mean all
pneumatic-tire vehicles of types similar to those
usually known under the following terms: touring
car, command car, speedster, sports car, roadster,
jeep, cycle car (except motor wheel and similar
small outfits which are classified with motorcycles),
coupe, landaulet, closed car, limousine, cabriolet,
and sedan.
Motor vehicles with changed or rebuilt
bodies, such as jeepneys, jitneys, or station wagons,
using a chassis of the usual pneumatic-tire
passenger automobile type, shall also be classified
as passenger automobile, if their net allowable
carrying capacity, as determined by the
Commissioner of Land Transportation, does not
exceed nine passengers and if they are not used
primarily for carrying freight or merchandise.
The distinction between “passenger truck”
and “passenger automobile” shall be that of
common usage: Provided, That a motor vehicle
registered for more than nine passengers shall be
classified as “truck”: And Provided, further, That a
“truck with seating compartments at the back not
used for hire shall be registered under special “S”
classifications. In case of dispute, the Commissioner
of Land Transportation shall determine the
classification to which any special type of motor
vehicle belongs.
(c) “Articulated vehicle” shall mean any motor
vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and so
attached that part of the trailer rests upon motor
vehicle and a substantial part of the weight of the
trailer and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle.
Such a trailer shall be called as “semi-trailer.”
(d) “Driver” shall mean every and any licensed
operator of a motor vehicle.
(e) “Professional driver” shall mean every and any
driver hired or paid for driving or operating a motor
vehicle, whether for private use or for hire to the
public.
Any person driving his own motor vehicle for hire
is a professional driver. iatdc2005
(f) “Owner” shall mean the actual legal owner of a
motor vehicle, in whose name such vehicle is duly
registered with the Land Transportation
Commission.
The “owner” of a government-owned motor vehicle
is the head of the office or the chief of the Bureau to
which the said motor vehicle belongs.
(g) “Dealer” shall mean every person, association,
partnership, or corporation making, manufacturing,
constructing, assembling, remodeling, rebuilding, or
setting up motor vehicles; and every such entity
acting as agent for the sale of one or more makes,
styles, or kinds of motor vehicles, dealing in motor
vehicles, keeping the same in stock or selling same
or handling with a view to trading same.
(h) “Garage” shall mean any building in which two
or more motor vehicles, either with or without
drivers, are kept ready for hire to the public, but
shall not include street stands, public service
stations, or other public places designated by proper
authority as parking spaces for motor vehicles for
hire while awaiting or soliciting business.
(i) “Gross weight” shall mean the measured weight
of a motor vehicle plus the maximum allowable
carrying capacity in merchandise, freight and/or
passenger, as determined by the Commissioner of
Land Transportation.
(j) “Highways” shall mean every public
thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway, avenue,
park, alley and callejon, but shall not include
roadway upon grounds owned by private persons,
colleges, universities, or other similar institutions.
(k) “The Commissioner of Land Transportation or
his deputies” shall mean the actual or acting chief of
the Land Transportation Commission  or such
representatives, deputies, or assistants as he may,
with the approval of the Secretary of Public Works
and Communications,  appoint or designate in
writing for the purpose contemplated by this Act.
(l) “Parking or parked”, for the purposes of this Act,
shall mean that a motor vehicle is “parked” or
“parking” if it has been brought to a stop on the
shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and remains
inactive in that place or close thereto for an
appreciable period of time. A motor vehicle which
properly stops merely to discharge a passenger or to
take in a waiting passenger, or to load or unload a
small quantity of freight with reasonable dispatch
shall not be considered as “parked”, if the motor
vehicle again moves away without delay.
(m) “Tourist” shall mean a foreigner who travels
from place to place for pleasure or culture.
Land Transportation Government Agencies
1. The Land Transportation Office (LTO)
- This government agency is charged with
promoting the safety and comfort of public
travelers with regards to motor vehicles. The
collection of various fees from license
issuance, motor vehicle registration, fines
and penalties due to vehicle infractions, and
issuance of vehicle license plates are also
part of its duties & responsibilities.
2. The Land Transportation Franchising
and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
- The main purpose of this agency is focused
on simplifying the land transportation
industry franchising system. Part of its task
is to certify that safety & operating standards
are observed by commercial & private
vehicles. LTFRB was created through the
 virtue of Executive Order that was issued on 1980. It serviced passengers from Baclaran in Pasay
June 19, 1987. to Monumento in Caloocan.
6. Metro Rail Transit – MRT3, also known as the
EDSA MRT or Metrostar Express, is one of the
major rail systems in the capital that carries
passengers from North Avenue in Quezon City to
Taft Avenue in Pasay City. The construction of this
16.9 km. rail system was financed by Metro Rail
Other attached agencies that support the regulation Corporation (MRTC)
of land transportation services in the Philippines are
the following:
1. Office for Transportation Security (OTS) –
OTS is a single authority that covers all modes of
transportation such as (but not limited to) Land
Transportation, Rail Systems and Infrastructure,
Civil Aviation, and Sea Transport and Maritime
Infrastructure. Its main responsibility is to make
sure that the transportation systems of the country
are secured. This office was formed by the virtue of
Executive Order No. 277
2. Toll Regulatory Board (TRB) – The TRB
supervises & regulates the construction, operation,
and maintenance of toll facilities and is also
responsible for the collection of toll fees. It was
created by the virtue of Presidential Decree No.
1112, also known as the Toll Operation Decree.
3. Office of Transport Cooperatives (OTC) – The
OTC was created in 1963 by the virtue of Executive
Order No. 898 was originally known as the
Committee on Transport Cooperatives. The current
objective of the OTC is to integrate the transport
cooperatives program into the public transport &
transit system, to achieve economies of scale with
respect to fuel consumption
4. Philippine National Railways (PNR) – the PNR
was created via legislation in June 1964 to provide a
nationwide railway transportation system. There are
currently plans to create new lines connecting the
rapidly developing areas in Central Luzon & the
Southern Tagalog region with Metro Manila.
5. Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) – The
Light rail Transit Authority is the country’s primary
rail transportation owned by the government. It was
created thru Executive Order No. 603 on July 12,