REPUBLI

KANGPI
LIPI
NAS
Republ
i
coft
hePhi
l
ippi
nes
PAMANTASANGNORMALNGPI
LIPI
NASVI
SAYAS
Phi
l
ippi
neNor
mal
Uni
ver
sit
yVi
say
as
ANGPAMBANSANGSENTROSAEDUKASYONGPANGGURO
TheNat
ionalCent
erf
orTeacherEducat
ion
LUNGSODNGCADI Z
Cit
yofCadi
z

ACTI
VITY SHEET FOR LESSON 10
(
ThePhi
li
ppinesaCenturyHence)

Ronni
eJohnA.Cast
ell
ano OV1-
5
Name_
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_ Year&Sect
ion_
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1.Whydi
dhewr
it
eal
ett
ert
othewomenofMal
olos?

Rizalwr ot elett
erinLondononFebr uar
y22,1889i nTagal og.Mar cel
oDelPi larrequest edRizalto
praiset hel adi
esofMal ol
osf ort heirbr
averyinestabl
ishi
ngaschoolt olearnspani sh,despitethe
cont r
adict i
onsofFr .Feli
peGar cia,aSpani shpari
shpriestofMal olos.Ri zalhighli
ghtedi nthelett
er
thataFi lipi
nomot hershouldt eachherchi ldr
enloveofGod, l
oveoff atherlandandl oveofmanki nd,
AFi li
pinomot hershoul dbegl ad,l i
ketheSpartanmot her,toofferhersonsi nt hedef enseoft he
fatherl
and,AFi l
ipinowomanshoul dknowhowt opreserveherdi gnit
yandhonor,Andmostofal l
,
heemphasi zedt hataFi li
pinowomanshoul deducateher self
,asidefr om retaini
nghergoodr acial
vir
tuesf orf ai
thisnotamer elyr eci
tat
ionofthelongpr ay er
sandwear i
ngr eli
giouspi ct
ures,but
ratheriti slivi
ngt her ealessenceofChr i
sti
ani
tywithgoodmor alsandgoodmanner snotj ustfor
publicpur poses.

ThemomentRi zalfoundoutthebr aver

yoft hewomeni nMal olost oestabli
shaschool ,itmadehi m
feelproudt obeaFi l
ipi
nohimsel fgivent hatdur ingthecol onizationoft heSpaniards,womenwer e
notal l
owedt ohav eaneducat ionst i
lltheybr avelybreakt hest igmaandcr eatedahugedi f
ference.
Women' sdut ywasoncet osimpl ytoser vethemenandt ot akecar eofthehousey ettheydefiedthe
norm ofwomendur ingthoset i
mes.Ri zal
'
sl ettergavehi ghpr aisesf orthei
rdeedandshowedhi s
beli
efsont hedut i
esofwomen." Wear enotany mor ehel dbackasmer el
yservantsbutinsteadreach
ourf ul
lpot ential
.Wemustnott akegr antedoft hi
sr ightbecauseourancest orswor kedhar dto
achievei t
.Wemustnotcompl ai
noft hewor kswer ecei vef rom school ,butinsteadwemustbe
thankfull
yoft heoppor tuni
tythatwasgi vent ous. "Ri zalisf loodedwi thhopet hatoneday,t he
barri
erst hatst opswoment ohav eav oiceint hesoci etywi llev entuall
ydisappear.Womeni snot
j
ustawoman, t
heyar ethecatalystofchangeandequal ity.
2.Di
dRi
zalbel
iev
ethatFi
li
pinosar
eindol
ent
?

NO.JoseRi zalarguedandpr ov i
dev ari
ousev idencest hatv i
vidlyexplainswhyFi lipinoswer enot
i
nherent l
yindolent,i
twast heexpl oit
ati
v econdit
ionsofcol onialsocietythatr esul
tedi nindolence.In
pre-
colonialtimes,Rizalemphasi zethattheFili
pinoswer ehar dwor ki
nganddi li
gent,control
li
ngt r
ade
rout
es,t i
ll
ingtheland,mi ni
ngor eandmanuf acturi
ng.Thei ri
ndol encedev elopedwhent heirdestiny
wast akenawayf rom them.Peopl ewer econscr i
ptedtowor kint heshipy ards,f
orcedt obuildroads
andbui l
dingswi thli
ttl
eornopay ,decimatingthepopul ationandki l
l
ingt heirnatur
all oveforwor k.
Theirgoodsandser v i
ceswer et akenbyf orce,sucht hattheysi mpl yrefusedt owor kmor eonlyt o
havet heirproductstakenf orf ree,paidcheapl y
,orsoheav i
l
yt axedt hatt heseendedupnotwor th
thetrouble.Thef actthatFi l
ipinoswer eindustri
ousi nthepastmeanti ndolencemusthav esocial
causest hatcouldbef oundi ncol onialrul
e.

Accor ding t o Rizal'sl ogic,t he corruptSpani sh colonialbur eaucr acyr elentl

esslyexpl oi
ted the
Fil
ipinos,butbl amedt heunder devel
opmentoft hepeopl eont heirpr esumedi ndolence.Ri zalwas
veryawar ethati nSpani shcol oni aldi
scour se,thebackwar dnessoft heFi l
ipinoswasbl amedont heir
i
ndol ence.Theunwi ll
ingnessofFi l
i
pinost ocul t
ivatelandundert hefeudal encomender os(overseer s)
wasi nterpretedoutofcont extandunder stoodt obet her esultofl aziness,whi chwasi ntur n
attr
ibut edt ot heirnat ure.Ri zalpoi ntedoutt hef ail
ureofeducat ion,whi chwasmor efocusedon
rel
igiont hanont hesecul arandusef ul,wi tht heexcept i
onoft heJesui t
sandt heDomi nican
Benav ides.Accor dingt oRi zal ,allthecausesofi ndolencecanber educedt ot wof act or
s.Thef irst
factori st hel imitedt rainingandeducat ionFi li
pinonat ivesr eceive.Segr egat edf rom Spani ards,
Fil
ipinosdonotr eceiv et hesameoppor tuniti
est hatar eav ai
labletot hef oreigners.Theyar etaught
tobei nferi
or.Thesecondf act oristhelackofanat i
onalsent imentofuni tyamongt hem.Because
Fil
ipinost hinkt heyar ei nferior,theysubmi tt othef oreigncultureanddoev ery t
hingtoi mitateit.The
solution,accor dingt oRi zal,woul dbeeducat i
onandl i
berty.

3.Whataret hear
gument
spr
esent
edbyRi
zali
nhi
sessayon “
ThePhi
li
ppi
nes a
cent
uryhence?”

"
Fort
hosewhohav
est
rongspi
ri
tov
ert
hel
i
ber
tyoft
hecount
ry,
independencewasassur
ed"

“ThePhi li
ppi nesaCent uryHence”i sanessaywr i
tt
enbyt hePhi li
ppinenat ionalheroJoseRi zalto
forecastt hef utureoft hecount r
ywi thi
nahundr edy ear sbybasi ng,anal yzi
ngandf ormul ati
ng
evidencesont hepr esentcondi ti
onsandci rcumstancest oar ri
veont her eali
sti
cconceptand
concl usiont owar dsthef utur eoft hePhi l
ippines.Theessayser vesasar emi ndertotheSpani sh
gov ernmentabouti t
'soppr essivegov ernance, manipulati
v eof fi
cial
s,absur dat ti
tudetowardsI ndios
andt heirmassi veexclusiont owar dst hePhi li
ppines'ancientt reasuressuchasi t'
snorms, t
raditions,
recol l
ections,cul tureandt henat iveident i
tyoft heFi l
ipi
noswhi chcreat edagr eatconfl
icttowar ds
theirawar enessandconsci ousnessasaFi li
pino.Rizalexposesev eralissuest hatconcernsabout
humanr i
ghtsabuses,absenceofpr essf reedom andt hel ackofr epr esentati
oni ntheSpani sh
Cor tes.Hehi ghli
ghtsev eralpossi bili
tiesofwhatwi l
lbet hePhi li
ppinesaf t
eracent ury:Fi rst,the
Philippineswoul dstaySpani shcol onypr ovidei t
sciti
zensr eceivenotonl yther i
ghtsandpr i
vili
geof
theci t
izensoft heSpani shcr own,butal sot heinherentr i
ghtsofahumanbei ng.Second,t he
Philippineswi l
linevit
ablyr isei nrev oltagai nstSpaini fcont inouslyexpl oitedandabusedsev eral
histor i
calev ent s.Lastly,t
hePhi l
ippinesmaybeconquer edbyot hernationsaf terSpainspresencei n
thecount ryisext i
nguised.
Rizalaccent uatedt hecausesoft hemi seriessuf feredbyt heFi l
ipinopeopl et hati ncludesSpai n’s
i
mpl ement ationofmi li
tarypol i
ci est hatcausesFi li
pinopopul ationt odecr easedr amat i
cally.Pov erty
becamemor er ampantt hanev er ,andf arml andswer el efttowi ther .Thef ami l
yasauni tofsoci ety
wasnegl ect ed,andov er all,ev eryaspectoft hel if
eoft heFi l
ipinowasr et arded.Det er i
orati
onand
disappear anceofFi l
ipinoi ndigenouscul ture–whenSpai ncamewi t
ht heswor dandt hecr oss,it
begant hegr adualdest ruct ionoft henat ivePhi l
ippinecul t
ure.Fi li
pinost ar tedl osingconf idencei n
theirpastandt hei
rher itage, t
heybecamedoubt f
uloft heirpresentl ifestyl
e, andev entuallylosthope
i
nt hef ut ureandt hepr eser vat i
onoft heirr ace.Passi vit
yandsubmi ssi venesst ot heSpani sh
colonizer s–oneoft hemostpower fulforcest hatinfluencedacul tureofsi l
enceamongt henat i
v es
wer etheSpani shf r
iars.Fi lipi
nosl ear nedt osubmi tthemsel vest ot hewi lloft hef oreignersduet o
thef orcet heyexer t
ed.Peopl est artt oawakenandi fthegov ernmentdoesn’ tchangei t
’sact s,a
revoluti
onwi l
ldefinit
elyr ise,Andi tr eall
yhappened.WhatRi zalhadenv i
sionedi nhi sessaycame
true.In1898, t
heAmer i
canswr estledwi thSpai nt owi nt hePhi li
ppi nes, andev entuallytookov erthe
count r
y .Thei r
s was a r eign ofdemocr acyand l iber ty.Five decades af terRi zal’
s deat h,the
Phili
ppinesgai nedherl ong- awai tedi ndependence.Thi swasi nf ulfil
lmentofwhathehadwr itteni n
hisessay :“ Historydoesnotr ecor dini tsannal sanyl ast i
ngdomi nationbyonepeopl eov eranot her,
ofdi f
ferentr aces,ofdi ver seusagesandcust oms,ofopposi teanddi vergenti deas.Oneoft het wo
hadt oy ieldandsuccumb. ”

4.Whyshoul
dyouv
alueanunder
standi
ngoft
hepast
?

"Hist
oryi
sthest
oryofchangeov
ert
ime.I
tdemonst
rat
est
hathumannat
urehasr
emai
nedf
air
ly
constant
"-Rober
tDenni
ng

Historyi s a mul ti
faceted discipl
ine that wi lli ncr
ease our cult
uralawar eness and mor al
under st
andingoft hewor ldwel ivein.Byst udy inghi story
,we’
llgai
nar angeoft ransferabl
eskil
ls,
fr
om i nfor
medci ti
zenshipandcr i
ti
calthinking,tor esearchandgeneralawareness.Theknowl edge
acqui r
edthrought hest udyofhi storyisr elevanti nawi derangeofdi sci
pli
nesandcanl eadto
diverseempl oymentoppor tuni
ties.Buil
dingknowl edgeandunder st
andingofhi st
oricaleventsand
tr
ends,especi al
lyov erthepastcent ury
,enabl esust odevel
opamuchgr eaterappr eci
ati
onfor
currenteventstoday.

Historyhelpsusdev el
opabet t
erunderstandingoft heworld.Youcannotbuil
daf rameworkon
whicht obasey ourli
fewit
houtunderst
andi nghow thingswor kintheworl
d.Hist
orypaint
susa
detail
edpictureofhowsoci et
y,t
echnol
ogy, andgov er
nmentwor kedwaybackwhensot hatwecan
betterunderstandhow itworksnow.Italsohel psusdet er
minehow toapproachthefutur
e,asi
t
al
lowsust ol earnfr
om ourpastmist
akesandt riumphsasonesoci et
y.

Histor
yi smor ethanjustthelivi
ngr ecordofnat i
ons,leaders,terri
tor
ies,r acesandwar s.I
tisthe
storyofusasani ndi
vi
dual.Iti
spackedwi t
ht alesofhowsomeonest oodupf orwhattheybeli
eved
i
n,ordi edforlove,orworkedhar dt omaket heirdreamscomet rue.Hi storyisn’
tjustanessential
i
ntroductiontoourowncount r
y,ethnicheri
tage,andancest ry,Itisav aluablet oolwhenitcomest o
understandingthosewhoar edifferentf
rom us.Gl obal,nati
onal,andr egi onalhistor
ybookshelpus
understandhowot hercul
turesaffectourown.

Weneedtost
udyhi
stor
ybecausewecannotpr
oceedtoourfut
urewit
houtt
hehel
pofourpast
.
Hi
stor
ygui
desustoimprov
eanddevel
opbasedont hepastknowl
edgewehavegat
her
ed.Our
hist
oryisouridenti
ty,i
tiswherewest
artedandtheref
oreweshoul dbegratef
ulfori
tenoughto
tr
eatitasourv er
yownt reasur
ewhi
chshouldbepreserv
edi nourheart
s.Ourhist
oryiswherewe
camef r
om ,i
ti sourwealt
handourf
oundati
on,f
orust ostayst
rongerandgrowbolderindi
vi
dual
l
y
andasonegr eatnati
on.

Pr
oject
-based:

1.Essaywrit
ing: Wr
it
ear esponset
oJoseRi
zalwi
thy
ousi
tuat
ingy
our
sel
vesa
cent
uryaf
terRizal
’
stime.

DearJoseRi
zal
,

Iam Ronni eJohnCast ell

ano,AFi lipinowhosef or tunat eenought oexper ienceandembr acet he
blessedy ear s21stCent urywher eev eryonei senj oyingasat i
sf yi
ngl i
bertyandi ndependencewhi ch
i
sagi f
tf rom y ourgener ation.Ev ery t
hinghav echange:Fr om t hei nfrast ruct ures,gov ernment,
busi ness, cul ture, r
eligi
on, soci alsy stem , t
echnol ogyandt hewayFi l
i
pinot hinkandl ive.Ev erything
i
smoder nizednotj ustint hef ieldoft echnologyandi nfrast ructur esbutmosti mpor tant l
y ,tot he
j
ust icesy st em ,t heCongr essandt heent i
regov er nment .Equal ityi snow f ul l
yembr acedt oget her
wi t
heducat ionwhi chi snow consi deredasar i
ghtandnol ongerapr i
v i
lege.Af tert hesi gni f
icant
cont ri
but i
onofy ourgener at i
on, mor eandmor eFi l
ipinoar ei nspi redt of i
ghtagai nstt heoppr essor s.
Af t
ert hedownf allofSpani shr egime,anot herwav eofcol onizer shav eshakent heent irecount r
y,
dictatorshi pbyaf ell
owFi li
pi nohav eal socr eat edahugechaost owar dshumanr ight s,manyoft he
soci alill
sy ou f oughtagai nstcont i
nuet o af fli
ctPhi l
ippi nesoci ety.The unequalt r
eat mentof
coloni zed nat ions i s stil
lt he pr edomi nantf eat ure ofneocol oni al
ism,whi ch i s not hing buta
rearrangementofol dcolonialt i
es.For eignpower s, l
iket heU. S. ,t
reatourar chi pel agoast houghi tis
i
tsownbacky ardt hatneedst obef or t
ifiedfrom enemi es,whi chexpl ainst hepr esenceofAmer ican
troopst hr ought heVi siti
ngFor cesAgr eement ,Bal i
kat anExer cises,andt heEnhancedDef ense
Cooper ationAgr eement .Att hesamet i
me,i mper ialistaggr essi onbyupst ar tcol oni zer sl ikeChi na
hasal socompr omi sedt heint egrit
yofournat ionalsov er ei
gnt y, asi tgobbl esupi slandsandat ollsin
theWestPhi l
ippi neSea.Thest ateat t
acksagai nstdi ssentanddemocr aticr i
ght st hatRi zalsawi n
hisl i
fetimeashedeal twithcensor ship,t heguar diaci vil,andasham j usticesy stem,seem t ohav e
beenr eplicat edi nt hecur rentDut ert eadmi ni
st ration:t hej udi ciary’sindependencenowi nquest ion
duet ot hef or merCJMar iaLour desSer eno’soust ingt hroughquowar rant o,t hef orcesofour
PhilippineNat ionalPol iceroam t hest reetsasmoder n- dayguar diaci vilthatpr eyont hehel plessi n
the gui se ofmai nt ai
n peace and or der,and Spani sh-er a censor ship has mor phed i ntot he
disinformat i
onoff akenewsandat tacksonpr essf reedom.Uncanni l
y,yourwar ningsaboutdeal ing
wi t
hest abl i
shedandnew col onialpower sr emai nsappl icabl et oday .Yetduet ot hebr av eand
cour ageous spi ri
ts ofourf el
low Fi l
ipinos who f ightagai nstt he greedycol oni zer s,we hav e
successf ullyobt ainourl i
ber tyoncemor eandIdobel iev ethatt her ear eanot herbat chofher oest hat
wi l
lriseoncemor e.

Afterthedarkandf ear
fuler
athattest
edusandwesur passed,Phi
li
ppi
nesisfi
nal
l
yreadytoachieve
progress.Yourheroism i
sat est
amentthatt
yrannycannev erf
ull
ysuppressl
egi
ti
matedemocrat i
c
aspirat
ions.Ever
ythingissl
owlygetti
ngheal
edt hankstoGodwhoseal wayswat
chingandhelping
usconquerev
eryobstacl
ewearefaci
ng."
Centur
yhavechangebutonet
hingr
emai
nst
hesame,
our
uni
tedandcourageoushear
tswi
l
lalwaysr
iseamidstdar
kness.
"

Si
ncerel
yYours,
21stCent
uryYouth.

2.Al
ter
nat
ive:Pr
epar
easpeecht
hatwi
llser
veasar
esponset
oRi
zal
.

ToDr
.JoseRi
zal
,

Iwoul dliket oext endmysi nceregr at

itudeforal lt het hingsy ou’vedonet of r
eemycount ry.You
didn'
tfightt hroughbl oodybat t
ley etyoui nspir
edr evolutioni stsandawakent heconsci ousnessof
manyFi li
pi nousingt hemi ghtyedgeofy ourpen.Thanky ouf orof feringy ourlifeinor derforust o
witnessthespar kli
ngl i
ghtwi thabr i
ghtertomor row.Yourwar ningsaboutdeal ingwi t
hest abli
shed
andnewcol onialpower sremai nsappl icabletoday .Duet ot hebr aveandcour ageousspi r
it
sofour
fell
owFi l
ipinoswhof ightagai nstt hegr eedycoloni zers,wehav esuccessf ullyobtai nourlibertyonce
mor eandIdobel i
ev et hatt herear eanot herbatchofher oest hatwi llrisei nt imesofuncer t
ainty.We
areforevergr atefulbecausey ouser vedasahopeoft heFi li
pi nosi nt heaby ssofhopel essnessand
confusion.Wi thy ourint ell
igenceandnat ional
ism, y oucausedt hechangesi nourcount ry.Withy our
i
nf l
uence,y oumov edt heent irenat ion.Youbecamet her easont oawakent hesleepi ngnat i
onal i
sm
andpat ri
ot i
sm ofourki nd.Af terthedar kandf earfuler at hatt est edus, wef inall
yachi evel i
bertyand
i
sf i
nal
lyr eadyt oachi evepr ogress.Yourher oism i sat est amentt hatt yrannycannev erf ul
ly
suppressl egit
imat edemocr ati
caspi r
ations.Ev er yt
hingi ssl owl yget ti
ngheal edt hankst oGod
whoseal way swat chingandhel pingusconquerev eryobst aclewear ef acing."Cent ur
yhav echange
butonet hing remai nst hesame,ouruni ted and cour ageoushear t
swi llal way sriseami dst
darkness."

Fr
om:
The21stCent
uryYout
h