Gousia Sultana

Assistant Professor
EEE Department
PES University
SYLLABUS
Course Objectives:
1. To illustrate the concept of distributed generation
2. To Analyse the impact of grid integration.
3. To study concept of Micro grid and its configuration

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the students will

be able to
1. Apply the standards for micro-grid systems and understand
the different energy storage options
2. Predict the impact of microgrid on the network
3. Understand the different modes of operation of the microgrid
and the control strategies
Course Content
1. Distributed Generation Technologies: Review of Solar
PV, Wind Energy systems, Fuel Cells, small hydro electric
power plants, micro-turbines, and biomass. Concept and
definition of Distributed generation. The Microgrid
Concept as a Means to Integrated Distributed Generation.

2. DG Interface with the Grid: Direct Machine Coupling

with the Grid, Full Power Electronics Coupling with the
Grid, Partial Power Electronics Coupling to the Grid,
Distributed Power Electronics Interface, Impact of the Type
of Interface on the Power System, Local Control of
Distributed Generation, Hosting Capacity Approach,
Increasing the Hosting Capacity, Power Quality isssues,
Overloading: Radial Distribution Networks.
Course Content
3. Modeling of DC MicroGrid: Proposed Architecture of a
Smart DC Microgrid, modeling of Wind Turbine DG,
modeling of solar photovoltaic system and modeling of
solid oxide fuel cell.

4. Modeling of energy storage and DG: Modeling of

Battery energy storage system, modeling of DC and AC
loads. Control Strategies of DC-DC Boost Converters,
Mathematical Modeling of DG, Distribution Power System
Performance Indices.

5. Simulation and Design of Micro Grid.

 Solar PV
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaic(PV), or indirectly using concentrated
solar power(cs).

•PV systems are designed to supply power to electrical loads.

•The loads may be of DC or AC type.

•The load may require power during the daytime only or

during night time only or even for 24h a day.

•Thus energy storage arrangement is required to power the

load during the non-sunshine hours.
Working of Solar Power plant
 PV System Categories
PV systems can be broadly divided into three categories:
1. Stand – alone PV systems
2. Grid-connected PV systems
3. Hybrid PV Systems.
Configuration of Stand-alone PV
System:
 Choice of system configuration mainly depends on the
following parameters:

1. Load Requirements
2. Resource Availability
3. Performance of the System
4. Reliability of the System
5. Cost of the System
Categories of Stand-alone PV System
1. Type A- Unregulated Stand-alone system with DC Load

2. Type B- Regulated Stand-alone system with DC Load

3. Type-C- Regulated Stand-alone system with Battery and

DC Load

4. Type-D- Regulated Stand –alone system with Battery

and AC and DC Load.

5. Type-E – Regulated Hybrid system with AC and DC

Loads.
Type A- Unregulated Stand-alone
system with DC Load
Type B- Regulated Stand-alone system with
DC Load
 Type-C- Regulated Stand-alone system with
Battery and DC Load
 Type-D- Regulated Stand –alone system with
Battery and AC and DC Load.
 Type-E – Regulated Hybrid system with AC
and DC Loads.
Major System Components
1. PV Module
2. Solar Charge Controller: Regulates the voltage and
current coming from the PV going to the battery and
prevent battery overcharging and prolongs the
battery life.
3. Inverter: convert DC into AC
4. Battery
5. Loads
 Sun’s energy : Advantages
 It is an everlasting, renewable energy source.

 It is a clean energy source, no potential damage to the

environment.

 It is a very large source of energy. The power from the sun

intercepted by the earth is about 1.8x1011 MW.

 Solar energy is free, does not cause pollution and is

available to all at fairly equal manner, unlike fossil fuels
sources, which are concentrated at some locations only.
 Uses of Solar energy
 A solar cooker directs the solar heat into secondary reflector
inside the kitchen, which focuses the heat to the bottom of the
cooking vessel. It has a covering of a glass plate. They are
applicable widely in areas of the developing world where
deforestation is an issue, and financial resources to purchase
fuel are not much.

 Solar heaters also use solar energy to heat water instead of

using gas or electricity.

 Solar cells also use solar power to generate electricity from the
sun.
Pavagada Solar Park (Shakti Sthala), Karnataka

Shakti Sthala Pavagada Solar Park in Karnataka is one of the

world’s biggest solar farms over 13,000 acres with 2,000 MW of
capacity power generation.
 Kamuthi Solar Power Project, Tamil Nadu

Kamuthi Solar Power Project in Kamuthi of Tamil Nadu is the third largest
solar park in India and also the world’s sixth largest solar park with five
sub-stations.
Electrical Design
Of
Off-Grid System

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