Tarlac State University

College of Science
FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024
CHEMQ2L QUALITATIVE CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

TO: FRANZE SANTIAGO

FROM: Lyka Dayrit Bagsic
SUBJECT: CHEMQ2L- Qualitative Chemistry Laboratory

INTRODUCTION/ ABSTRACT
An electrolyte is a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous
solution or melted.  In order to conduct a current, a substance must contain mobile ions that can
move from one electrode to the other.  All ionic compounds are electrolytes.  When ionic
compounds dissolve, they break apart into ions which are then able to conduct a current
(conductivity).  Even insoluble ionic compounds such as CaCO3 are electrolytes because they
can conduct a current in the molten (melted) state.

A nonelectrolyte is a compound that does not conduct an electric current in either

aqueous solution or in the molten state.  Many molecular compounds, such as sugar or ethanol,
are nonelectrolytes.  When these compounds dissolve in water, they do not produce
ions. Figure below illustrates the difference between an electrolyte and a nonelectrolyte.

OBJECTIVE:
As discussed above, an electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity when it is in a molten
or dissolved state. This section will focus on dissolved electrolytes, specifically electrolytes
dissolved in water, since these are the most common and important types of electrolyte solutions.
We will also summarize the chemical principles that underly why and how electrolyte solutions
conduct electricity.
 Tarlac State University
College of Science
FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024
CHEMQ2L QUALITATIVE CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

MATERIALAS:
 Tarlac State University
College of Science
FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024
CHEMQ2L QUALITATIVE CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

2. Infer from the observations that acids, bases, and salts are electrolytes. Discuss the following
dissociation reactions:

A. HCl (aq) ⎯→ H⁺ (aq) + Cl– (aq)

The reaction's equilibrium equation is as follows
A strong acid, hydrochloric acid completely ionizes in water. As just a result, there is no
balance. It indicates that this reaction only happens in one direction. The concepts forward
and reverse, which are used in the issue, do not need to be defined. Thus, the following is a
revised form of the ionization reac

B.NaOH (aq) ⎯→ Na⁺ (aq)+OH– (aq)

NaOH is a base because it forms a sodium cation and a hydroxide ion in aqueous solution, Na+
(aq) , and OH−(aq) . Acids give up hydrogen ions, H+(aq) in aqueous solutions.

C . NaCl (aq) ⎯→ Na⁺ (aq) + Cl– (aq)

 Tarlac State University
College of Science
FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024
CHEMQ2L QUALITATIVE CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

DATA COLLECTION:

Reagent/Sample Observation Interference

0.1 M Hydrochloric acid There is a reaction (SE)
(HCL)
0.1 M Sodium chloride There is a reaction (SE)
(NaCl)
0.1 M Ammonia (NH3) There is a reaction (SE)
0.1 M Sodium hydroxide There is a reaction (SE)
(NaOH
Vinegar (CH3COOH) There is a reaction (SE)
Glucose (C6C12O6) No reaction (NE)
Gatorade There is a reaction (SE)
Deionized water No reaction (NE)
Tap Water There is a reaction (SE)
Diet Pepsi There is a reaction (SE)

POSTLAB QUESTION:

1. Classify each of the following compounds as an acid (A), a base (B), a salt (S), or none (N) and
Strong electrolyte (SE), weak electrolyte (WE) or nonelectrolyte (NE).

a. H2SO4 (A) (SE)

b. NH4C2H3O2 (S) (SE)
c. HI (aq) (A) (SE)
d. CaOH2 (aq) (B) (SE)
e. Li2CO3 (aq) (B) (SE)
f. Cu(NO3) (aq) (S) (SE)
g. LiOH (aq) (B) (SE)
h. C6C12O6 (aq) (N) (NE)
i. KNO3 (S) (SE)
j. Deionized water (A) (WE)
k. Tap water (N) (WE)
l. HC2H302 (aq) (A) (WE)
m. NH4Cl (aq) (S) (WE)
n. NH4OH (aq) (B) (WE)
 Tarlac State University
College of Science
FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024
CHEMQ2L QUALITATIVE CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare all the samples needed. Measure 20 ml of each sample and place them into separate 50
ml beakers.
2. Immerse the bottom part of the conductivity meter (tube) into the sample. Repeat this step
until all samples are tested.
3. Record all your data and observations.
 Tarlac State University
College of Science
FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Lucinda Campus, Tarlac City
2nd Semester, AY 2023-2024
CHEMQ2L QUALITATIVE CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)