AMERICAN COLONIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES 

TREATY OF PARIS  

 Signed on December 10, 1898

 Spanish rule ended when Spain and the United States signed
this treaty.
 Agreement between two countries to pass the possession of
the Philippines to the United States in exchange of 20 million
US Dollars.

 
MANIFEST DESTINY  

 President William Mckinley’s view.   

  “To educate, uplift, civilize, and Christianize” the Filipinos.

 A phrase coined in 1845, is the idea that the United States is

destined-by God, its advocates believed-to expand it dominion
and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North
American continent.

 
 
 

EMILIO AGUINALDO

 The First President of the Philippine Republic.

 Leader of the Filipino Nationalists.
 Claimed that the United States had promised immediate
independence after the Spanish-American war ended.
 Nationalists declared independence and established the
Philippine Republic.

 
 
 
 

COMMONWELATH   

 President Manuel Luis L. Quezon

 A 10-year transitional period from 1935 to 1945.

 In preparation for independence from the United States.

 Provided under the Philippine Independence Act or more
popularly known as the Tydings-McDuffie Law.

 
 
 
 
COLONIAL IMPACT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA:  

 Economic Growth
 Improvement of Transportation and Communication
 Education and Health
 Migration
 Racial and Religious Clashes

 
JAPANESE COLONIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES 

 On December 8, 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl

Harbor, Japan launched an invasion on the

 Philippines.
  The American /Filipino ground troops withdraw to the Bataan
Peninsula and the island of Corregidor in Manila Bay.

 On January 2, 1942, Manila was declared an “open

city” to prevent its destruction and the Japanese marched into
the city. 

 
 
 
 
 
 

BATAAN DEATH MARCH

 Over 80,000 prisoners of war were captured by the Japanese at

Bataan.
  Forced to walk to a prison camp more than 100 kilometers to
the north.
 10,000 men, weakened by disease and malnutrition, died
before reaching their destination.

PUPPET GOVERNMENT

 Jose P. Laurel was the President of the Philippines of the

Second Republic appointed by the Japanese.

 A President under Puppet Government believed that it was a

Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic.

 
 
 
 

HUKBALAHAP
  Known as “Hukbo Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon” or “Huks”
 Headed by Luis Taruc.
 A communist guerrilla movement formed by the peasant
farmers of Central Luzon.

 
 

GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR

  Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s.
 Landed on the island of Leyte on October 20, 1944.
 Aided by the surging opposition and guerrilla forces, the
intense fighting continued until the formal surrender of Japan
on September 2, 1945.

 
 
 
 

 
 

 I SHALL RETURN! - When General of the Army Douglas

MacArthur pledged to return to the Philippines as he evacuated
 the islands early in World War II, he was reported to have said:
“I will return.”

 
 
 
 

NIEVES FERNANDEZ

 only known female Filipino guerrilla leader who fought against

the Japanese occupation of Leyte Island during World War II.
 With long knives traditionally used to cut vegetation
and shotguns fashioned from sections of gas pipe,
they successfully killed 200 Japanese occupiers.

 
 
 
 

 Captain Fernandez led her group for more than 2.5 years

against the Japanese occupation, which caused the Japanese
government to offer a bounty of 10,000 pesos for her head.
 She was wounded once in combat but survived the war and
is remembered as a Filipino hero.