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    Chapter-2 HTML Concept

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    Chapter-2 HTML Concept

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    Chapter-2 HTML concept

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    Chapter-2 HTML Concept

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    HTML In This Chapter, we will Learn: ¢ Learn the origin and basics of HTML © Opening and saving an HTML code ¢ Understand text formatting tags ¢ Learn to create ordered and unordered list in an HTML document ¢ Learn to insert Graphics, Frames and Tables in an HTML document © Learn to insert Copyright, Trademarks symbols in a Web page. 2.0 INTRODUCTION : HTML BASICS A Web Page is a document composed of text, images, sound, animation, video and special codes called Tags. One very basic and commonly used markup language is HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) which is a specialised programming language, designed to display and access Web pages. ‘Access to a Web page is made through a special type of program called browser. The two most popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Markups are nothing but the tags used for some purpose. Tags are identified by <>opening tags or closing tags signs. The commands themselves are specified between <> sign (also known as opening tags). In case of tag which need to enclose text then ending tag should include image to indicate the end of tag. Tags are not case sensitive. SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is a set of standards proposed by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for all markup languages to follow. The code consists of two types of tags. (i) Empty tags : Empty tags are stand-alone tags because they do not require a closing tag. (ii) Container tags : These tags wrap around text or graphics and they come in a set with an opening tag and a closing tag. For Example : Affected Text HTML tags are comprised of elements, attributes and values. Tag elements 2.2 E-commerce to change and attributes control how use, are usually what user wants i ; Jue that sets the specific attribute. A tag elemen wants it. Each attribute has a val can have multiple attributes. Syntax : Affected text For Example : The text is in arial font size 3 < /font> 2.1. BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN HTML DOCUMENT To build any Web page, four primary tags are needed : , , and <body>. These are all container tags and must appear as pairs. <htmP-....</html> Every HTML document must start with <html> and end with </html>. This tells the browser that the following file is an HTML file. <head>....</head> This tag contains the title of the document along with general information about the file, like the author, Copyright, keywords, etc. <title>.... Text within these tags appear in the title bar at the very top of the browser page. .... All the text images, links, tables and other information that should appear on the Web page is placed between these two tags. Example 1: Simple Illustration of HTML Program or sacle S text will appear in the Title bar This eae wil] appear on the web page HTML 23 The Output Will Be : SE Re en nee al cal eal Fle Edt View Favorites Tools Help & OO PAO SYOas4 a Adress | \iMoht\ctsustila Madante-commerce|Output\éxanple htm | Eco rks This text will appear on the web page @hoore “Tocalintranet Note: HTML is a flexible language. It does not mind if any of the basic building tags is missing, but it is always a good programming practice to use the tags in proper hierarchy. 2.1.1 Saving an HTML File The Code given above is typed in Notepad. In order to save it as an HTML document, go to the File Menu and click on Save As option. Make sure you are in the correct drive and then type in a file name and add the extension. ‘html’ or ‘htm’. Most importantly, change the “Save as type” Text Document to All types so that the html file extension is accepted. 2.1.2 How to Open an HTML File (1) Open the Web-browser, (2) In the Menu bar, select File menu, Open Option, (3) Find your file by clicking on Browser, and (4) Click on Open. After making changes to the page in Notepad, always save your work. Then go back to the browser and refresh your page to see the changes made. Tag Codes and Their Effect Bold Italics [ <>
  • Underline <> i _ Small (one font size smaller than the current size) [a (one font size bigger than the current size) | | Marquee (scroll) 2.1.3 Nesting Codes . . You can apply multiple features to a block of text. This is called nee ot important thing to remember is that all the codes that start (begin) late should end first. There should be no intersections. The policy followed while using tags in nesting is LIFO (Last In First Out). Correct Example : Learning Nesting Incorrect Example : Learning Nesting 2.2 TEXT FORMATTING TAGS e Headings Headings are used to divide or assign Headings to a Web page’s content. Heading code consists of < Heading No.> Heading Text , The Heading No. is replaced with a number from | to 6. Heading No.___Font size in points Heading No. Font size in points T 18 a R 2 16 3 10 f 3 14 6 8 Headings will always leave a blank line above and below and will always be bold. Heading can use attributes such as align to decide if the heading should be right aligned, left aligned or centered. For Example : Text Heading e Line Breaks The break code inserts a carriage return. It is just like pressing enter key on the keyboard where it takes you to the next line. Breaks can be given in text in order to break the line and continue the text on next line. Breaks do not have a closing tag, it is an empty tag. . i.e.
    . Breaks are standalone (empty) tags. © Font The font element is used to decide the look will be displayed. It has the following ibe Dlock of text and how © Size Text of affect KHEAD>Heading and Font Sizes <1>Different Heading Sizes : KH1>Heading 1

    Heading 2

    Heading 3

    KHa>Heading 4Heading 5
    Heading 6
    KI>DiPferent font Sizes : Size 1
    Size 2
    Size 3
    ‘Size 4
    ‘Size 5
    Size 6
    The Output Will Be : [across wohcsusha Mderie-cmercelovoutiearcle 2. il Different Heading Sizes : Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Honaing 6 Different font Sizes : For sin Font Size 2 Font Size 3 Font Size 4 © Color attribute assigns color to the font. text to affect 2.6 Escommeny on the interest is RGB, which consists of , ) to 255 in decimal notation, or 0 (zero) ' bute values take one of the following The standard color mode used set of three values from 0 (zero, fT in hexadecimal notation, Color attr! forms : “# RRGGBB”, where RR, GG and BB are red, green and blue components of the color, Few of the colors widely used are : Color Name RGB Values | Color Name RGB Values Black = #000000 Green = #008000 Silver = #e0c0c0 Lime = #00ff00 Grey = #808080 Olive = #808000 White = HERR Yellow = #ffF00 Maroon = #800000 Navy = #000080 Red = #70000 Blue = #0000fF Purple = #80080 = #008080 Fuchsia = #ffCOfT Aqua = #00ffff © Face attribute assigns stylc to the font. text to affect Some of the font styles that the browser can identify are: Arial, Bookman Old Style, Gourmand, Century Gothic, Times New roman, Verdana, Courier New, Book Antiqua. Combine the attributes : Text to affect e Paragraphs The paragraph code sets up paragraphs in a format where text is single spaced with one blank line between paragraphs. The paragraph code cannot be combined to insert blank lines but the align attribute can be used to set up text in different positions. For Example :

    e Blockquote The
    element is used to double indent a paragraph, which means to indent both sides of a paragraph. This is mostly used for quotes: J y 2.7 tis also a good idea to double a noticeable. le up on this code so that the indents are more For Example :
    | efolockquate> ‘quote> text to be double indented
    e Pre-formateed Text anaemic li the text exactly as it is typed with tabs and carriage lett led. The only problem is that it changes the font to typed text - or courier font. typ’ For Example : 
     pre-formatted text
    e Division Divisions are used to divide content into sections. It allows the user to apply the same alignment to several paragraphs or a large area of text at once. For Example :
    paragraph text
    ¢ Horizontal Rule Line The
    tag inserts a horizontal rule line, basically a line that goes across the page. This tag is an empty tag, therefore, a space and a slash appear at the end of the tag. The
    tag has several attributes that the user can include. It should be noted that the attributes are never stand alone. Size =“value” (in pixels) to denote line thickness Width =“value” (in pixels or Yoage) to denote length across page Align = “right/left/center” Noshade (if you want a flat look rather than 3D shading). Color =“color name”/ “RRGGBB?” to fill the line with a color For Example :
    Address This tag is used to specify the author’s or end of a page. Addresses are usually with line breaks above & below. information mostly at the beginning placed at the left hand side in italics i... 28 commer, For Example :
    Author's Information
    2.2.1 Comments in HTML Comments are meant for the purpose of adding descriptions etc. to make thy code easily understandable. Comments are simply ignored at the time o Processing and are not shown on the output. There are two tags that can be used for the purpose of incorporating comments in an html page : 1, This is a comment Note : This tag has become obsolete now. | 2, From Everand
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