CHAPTER 14

A1)
When a girl stands up on a swing, the position of the
center of mass of the girl is raised. Due to this the
effective length of the pendulum decreases, hence the
time period of the swing decreases
A2)
A spring with spring constant K is oscillating on a
frictionless horizontal surface with a mass m attached
to its end. The distance x from its mean position may
be specified as:

x = A cos (wt+Ф), A is the amplitude and Ф is the

phase constant, t is time.

Force on mass m = - k x = ma But for SHM - w²

x=a

So w = √(k/m) or m = k/w²

v = dx/dt = - Aw sin (wt+Ф)

Potential Energy = 1/2 k x² = 1/2 k A² cos² (wt+Ф)

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 m v² = 1/2 m A² w² sin² (wt+Ф) =
1/2 k A² sin² (wt+Ф)

So if PE = KE, then sin² (wt+Ф) = cos² (wt+Ф)

But sin² (wt+Ф) + cos² (wt+Ф) = 1

So, sin² (wt+Ф) = 1/2, sinÊ(wt+Ф)Ê=Ê1/√2

 wt+Ф = π/4
A3) T WILL INCREASE
A4)

A5)

A6)
A7)
A9)

A10)