Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer

Rekenaaringenieurswese Engineering
Semestertoets 2 : Invul en e-Merk Semester Test 2: Fill-in and e-Grading
Afdeling A: Studie-eenhede 5 - 7 Part A: Study units 5 - 7
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 Analogue Electronics ENE310
9 Mei 2017 9 May 2017

Student se besonderhede / Student details

Van: Naam: Studentenommer:
Surname: Name: Student number:
Tel. nr. gedurende eksamen: Tel. nr. na eksamen: Groep: Afr
Tel. no. during examination: Tel. no. after examination: Group: Eng
Eksameninligting / Examination information
Maksimum punte / Maximum marks: 33 Volpunte / Full marks: 33
Totale aantal bladsye Afdeling A (dié een ingesluit): Duur van vraestel (Afdeling A en B): 1½ ure
Total number of pages Part A (including this page): 7
Duration of paper (Parts A and B): 1½ hours
Oopboek / toeboek: Beide - Voorgeskrewe handboek (sonder enige notas), Formele klasnotas (elektronies verskaf). Sakrekenaars is
Open / closed book: toegelaat. Geen toestel met ’n aangeskakelde kommunikasiepoort (van enige aard) word toegelaat nie. Geen
geheuetoestel van enige aard word toegelaat nie.
Both - Prescribed text book (without any notes), Formal class notes(supplied electronically). Pocket calculators
are allowed. No device with an enabled communication port (of whatsoever kind) is allowed. No memory devices
of any kind are allowed.
BELANGRIKE INLIGTING / IMPORTANT INFORMATION
1. Die toets- en eksamenregulasies van die Universiteit van Pretoria geld. Die departementele reëls vir e-Merk geld.
The test & examination regulations of the University of Pretoria apply. The departmental rules for e-Grading apply.
2. Vrae moet in onuitwisbare ink (behalwe rooi) beantwoord word. Geen antwoorde in potlood of rooi ink sal gemerk word nie.
Questions must be answered in indelible ink (except red). Answers in pencil or red ink will not be marked.
3. Beantwoord al die vrae en skryf u antwoorde vir Afdeling A op hierdie invulvraestel. Afdeling B word in ’n aparte boek beantwoord.
Answer all the questions and write your answers for Part A on this fill-in paper. Part B is answered in a separate book.
4. Toon alle berekeninge waar van toepassing. Gee vergelykings altyd in simboliese vorm voordat numeriese waardes invervang word.
Geen punte sal toegeken word vir korrekte antwoorde sonder simboliese vergelykings en/of stawende berekeninge nie. Gee duidelike
definisies wanneer notasie verskillend van die voorgeskrewe handboek gebruik word.
Show all calculations where applicable. Always give equations in symbolic form before numerical values are substituted. No marks will
be given for correct answers without symbolic equations and/or calculations to support them. Clearly specify definitions if notation
different from the prescribed text book is used.
5. Gebruik duidelik geregverdigde en kundige ingenieursbenaderings en vermeld aannames, waar/indien van toepassing.
Use clearly justified and educated engineering approximations and state assumptions, where/as appropriate.
6. Die Engelse teks van hierdie vraestel sal voorkeur geniet met betrekking tot interpretasie van die inhoud.
The English text of this paper will be given precedence in the interpretation of the content.
Ek het die belangrike inligting, en die instruksies vir elektroniese inhandiging
(beskikbaar op die bediener) gelees, en ek verstaan hulle:
I have read the important information, and the instructions for electronic submission
(available on the server), and I understand them: Signature / Handtekening
Interne eksaminator / Internal examiner: Eksterne eksaminator / External examiner:
Dr T-H Joubert (Afdeling A / Part A)
- -
Mr J Schoeman (Afdeling B / Part B)

Punte / Marks
Totaal Afd. A:
V/Q1 V/Q2 V/Q3 V/Q4
/11 /10 /12 /0 Total Part A: /33
Totaal ELO 1:
Total ELO 1: /10
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Rekenaaringenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 – Hereksamen Deel A 2016 Analogue Electronics ENE310 – Supplementary Part A 2016
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

Afdeling A: SE 5-7 Part A: SU 5-7

VRAAG 1 QUESTION 1
Terugvoerversterkerstabiliteit
11 Feedback amplifier stability

Veronderstel die opvolgende Bode-plot is van
die luswins, L, vir 'n terugvoerversterker. Die
soliede lyne gee die oorspronklike oordrag,
terwyl die stippellyne die oordrag is nadat
stabiliteitskompensasie uitgevoer is.
[11] Suppose the following Bode plot is of the loop
S-E/U 3
gain, L, for a feedback amplifier. The solid
S-E/U 5
lines give the original transfer, while the dotted
lines are for the transfer after stability
compensation had been performed.

Vir die oorspronklike oordrag (soliede lyne): 1.1 For the original transfer (solid lines):
a. Indien die wins van die opelus vorentoe- (4) a. If the gain of the open-loop feedforward
S-E/U 3
voer-versterker 70 dB is, bepaal die amplifier is 70 dB, determine the feedback
S-E/U 5
terugvoernetwerkwins β grafies. Toon β network gain, β, graphically. Indicate β
aan met 'n # op u Bode-plot. (ELO1) with a # on your Bode plot. (ELO1)
b. Skat die fase-marge, PM, grafies, en merk b. Graphically estimate the phase margin,
die tersaaklike frekwensie met 'n X op u PM, and mark the pertinent frequency with
Bode-plot. an X on your Bode plot.
c. Skat die wins-marge, GM, grafies en c. Graphically estimate the gain margin,
merk die tersaaklike frekwensie met 'n O GM, and mark the pertinent frequency with
op u Bode-plot. an O on your Bode plot.
d. Is die versterker stabiel? Gebruik “J” vir d. Is the amplifier stable? Use “Y” for Yes,
Ja, “N” vir Nee. “N” for No.

Studente vul in / Students fill in: Evalueerder voltooi / Evaluator completes:

Waarde / Value Evaluasie / Evaluation Punt / Mark
Feedback gain β dB β&# 1
Phase Margin PM ° PM & X 1
Gain Margin GM dB GM & O 1
Stable? Stable? 1

ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part A / Semestertoets 2 - Deel A © 2017, UP EECE, Trudi Joubert 2
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Rekenaaringenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 – Hereksamen Deel A 2016 Analogue Electronics ENE310 – Supplementary Part A 2016
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

Vir die kompenseerde oordrag (stippellyne): 1.2 For the compensated transfer (dotted lines):
a. Bepaal die dominante poolfrekwensie, fp’, (5) a. Graphically determine the dominant pole
S-E/U 5
van die kompenseerde versterker grafies. frequency, fp’, of the compensated
Merk fp’ met ‘n . amplifier. Mark fp’ with an .
b. Bepaal die transisiefrekwensie, ft, van die b. Graphically determine the transition
kompenseerde versterker grafies, en merk frequency, ft, of the compensated amplifier,
ft met ‘n ^. and mark ft with a ^.
c. Wat is die fase-marge, PM’, van die c. What is the phase margin, PM’, of the
kompenseerde versterker? Dui PM’ aan compensated amplifier? Indicate PM’

ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part A / Semestertoets 2 - Deel A © 2017, UP EECE, Trudi Joubert 3
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Rekenaaringenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 – Hereksamen Deel A 2016 Analogue Electronics ENE310 – Supplementary Part A 2016
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

met ‘n *. with a *.
d. Indien ‘n geslote-lus wins van Avf = 20 dB d. If a closed-loop gain of Avf = 20 dB is
vereis word vir die kompenseerde demanded for the compensated amplifier,
versterker, bepaal grafies wat die geslote- determine graphically what the closed-
lus bandwydte sal wees. Merk die loop bandwidth will be. Mark the closed-
geslote-lus bandwydte, BW, met ‘n ∆ op loop bandwidth, BW, with a ∆ on your
u Bode-diagram.
Bode diagram.
e. Gestel die geslote-lus versterker (d) lewer e. Suppose the closed-loop amplifier of (d)
‘n piekuitsetamplitude van vLp = 5 V,
delivers a peak output voltage amplitude of
spesifiseer die benodigde volgtempo, SR,
van die versterker. vLp = 5 V, specify the required slew rate,
SR, for the amplifier.

Studente vul in / Students fill in: Evalueerder voltooi / Evaluator completes:

Waarde / Value Evaluasie / Evaluation Punt / Mark
Dominant pole fp’ Hz fp’ &  1
Transition frequency ft’ MHz ft’ & ^ 1
Phase margin PM’ ° PM’ & * 1
Bandwidth BW MHz BW & ∆ 1
Slew rate SR V/s Slew rate SR 1

Vir die kompenseerde oordrag (stippellyne): 1.3 For the compensated transfer (dotted lines):
Aanvaar die dominante poolfrekwensie, fp’, (2) Assume the dominant pole frequency, fp’, of the
S-E/U 4
van die kompenseerde versterker word compensated amplifier is associated with the
geassosieer met die inset van die versterker. input of the amplifier. For an input resistance
Vir ‘n insetweerstand Ri = 2.2 k, bepaal die of 2.2 k, determine the input capacitance, Ci,
insetkapasitansie, Ci wat fp’ sal lewer. that would produce fp’.

Studente vul in / Students fill in: Evalueerder voltooi / Evaluator completes:

Waarde / Value Evaluasie / Evaluation Punt / Mark
Time constant Ci s Ci 1
Capacitance Ci (units) ( ) Ci 1

VRAAG 2 QUESTION 2
10
Lineêre OV-bane Linear OpAmp circuits

Beskou die volgende omsetterbrugversterker: [10] Consider the following transducer bridge
S-E/U 6 amplifier:

ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part A / Semestertoets 2 - Deel A © 2017, UP EECE, Trudi Joubert 4
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Rekenaaringenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 – Hereksamen Deel A 2016 Analogue Electronics ENE310 – Supplementary Part A 2016
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

For δ≪1:
𝑅2⁄
𝑣𝑂 ≈ 𝑅 ∙ 𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹 𝛿
𝑅 𝑅
1 + 1⁄𝑅 + 1⁄𝑅
2

Franco

VREF = 3 V ; R = 200 Ω ; R1 = ? Ω ; R2 = 33 kΩ
RTD: R0 = 200 Ω @ 25 °C ; αR = 500 mΩ / °C ; Pdp = 10 mW
Laat die omsetter in die brug ‘n platinum Let the transducer in the bridge be a platinum
weerstand-temperatuur-detektor (WTD) wees: resistance temperature detector (RTD):
 verwysingswaarde R0 = 200 Ω by 25 C  reference value at 25 C of R0 = 250 Ω
 αR = 500 mΩ/C temperatuurkoëffisiënt.  temperature coefficient αR = 500 mΩ/C
 Beperk self-verhitting deur te verseker dat  To limit self-heating, the power
die drywingsdissipasie in die WTD nie dissipation in the RTD may not exceed
PRTD = 10 mW oorskry nie. PRTD = 10 mW.
a. Ontwerp vir die onbekende parameter R1 in 2.1 a. Design for the unknown parameter R1 in
die stroombaan. Gee die antwoord as die (5) the circuit. Give the answer as the closest
S-E/U 6
naaste 1 % standaard weerstandwaarde. 1 % standard resistance value.
b. Gee die waarde van drywingsdissipasie in b. Give the value of power dissipation in the
die WTD van u ontwerp. RTD for your design.
c. Gestel daar is 5% toleransie op al die brug- c. Suppose there is a 5% tolerance on all the
weerstandwaardes. Spesifiseer die bridge resistance values. Specify the
maksimum drywin wat die die VREF-bron maximum power that the VREF source must
moet kan lewer. (ELO1) be able to deliver. (ELO1)
Bereken die sensitiwiteit, S, rondom 25 °C (dus 2.2 Calculate the sensitivity, S, around 25 °C (i.e.
met δ << 1) vir u ontwerp. (2) with δ << 1) for your design.
S-E/U 6

Evalueer tot welke mate die versterkertrap die 2.3 Evaluate to what extent the amplifier stage
brug belas, en lewer kommentaar oor die (3) loads the bridge, and comment on the
S-E/U 6
praktiese toepaslikheid van die stroombaan. U practical applicability of the circuit. You may
mag aanvaar dat die OV ideal is. (ELO1) assume an ideal opamp. (ELO1)

Studente vul in / Students fill in: Evalueerder voltooi / Evaluator completes:

Waarde / Value Evaluasie / Evaluation Punt / Mark
R1 Ω R1 2
RTD power dissipation PR mW RTD power dissipation PR 1
VREF power PREF mW VREF power PREF 2
Sensitivity S (unit) ( ) Sensitivity S 2
Loading evaluation 3

ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part A / Semestertoets 2 - Deel A © 2017, UP EECE, Trudi Joubert 5
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Rekenaaringenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 – Hereksamen Deel A 2016 Analogue Electronics ENE310 – Supplementary Part A 2016
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

VRAAG 3 QUESTION 3
12
Nie-lineêre OV-bane Non-linear OpAmp circuits

Beskou die volgende Schmitt-sneller: [6] Consider the following Schmitt trigger:
S-E/U 6

VCC = - VEE = 3 V ; R1 = 500 kΩ ; R2 = 1 MΩ, RP = 333 kΩ ; RL = 1 kΩ ; vsat = 0.8 V

Analiseer die stroombaan vir die bepaling van 3.1 Analyse the circuit to determine the high and
die hoë en lae snellerspannings, VTH and VTL, S-E/U 6 low trigger voltages, VTH and VTL, respectively.
(3)
respektiewelik. Aanvaar RP = 0 Ω vir hierdie Assume RP = 0 Ω for this question.
vraag.
Die funksie van RP in die stroombaan is te 3.2 The function of RP in the circuit is to
kompenseer vir OV insetvoorspanningstrome. S-E/U
6,7
compensate for opamp input bias currents.
Gebruik stroombaananalise om aan te toon dat (3) Use circuit analysis to show that RP = R1//R2
RP = R1//R2 ‘n gepaste waarde is. (ELO1) is a suitable value. (ELO1)

Studente vul in / Students fill in: Evalueerder voltooi / Evaluator completes:

Waarde / Value Evaluasie / Evaluation Punt / Mark
VOH = - VOL V VOH = - VOL 1
VTH V VTH 1
VTL V VTL 1
RP analysis 3

ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part A / Semestertoets 2 - Deel A © 2017, UP EECE, Trudi Joubert 6
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese en Rekenaaringenieurswese Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
Analoog Elektronika ENE310 – Hereksamen Deel A 2016 Analogue Electronics ENE310 – Supplementary Part A 2016
Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved

Beskou die volgende presisie vol- [6] Consider the following precision full-wave
golfgelykrigter (FWR): S-E/U 6,7 rectifier(FWR):

Vir die OV / For the opamp

SR = 1 V/μs ; ft = 100 kHz ; vsat = 0.8 V
Identifiseer die diodetoestand (aan / af), sowel 3.3 Identify the diode state (on / off), as well as the
as die OV-stroombaankonfigurasie (4) opamp circuit configuration (inverting / non-
(omkerend / nie-omkerend), vir elke S-E/U 6 inverting), for each component during the
komponent tydens die positiewe en negatiewe positive and negative input signal half cycles.
insetseinhalfsiklusse.
Vir die gegewe OV-beperkings, is daar beide 3.4 For the given opamp limitations, there are
‘n statiese – en ‘n dinamiese perk op die uitset- (2) both a static and a dynamic constraint on the
seinamplitude. Bepaal hierdie twee perke. S-E/U 7 output signal amplitude. Determine these two
(EOL1) constraints. (EOL1)

Studente vul in / Students fill in: Evalueerder voltooi / Evaluator completes:

Waarde / Value Evaluasie / Evaluation Punt / Mark
Pos D1 state Pos D states 1
D2 state Pos A configuration 1
A1 configuration Neg D states 1
A2 configuration Neg A configuration 1
Neg D1 state EoS 1
D2 state EoD 1
A1 configuration
A2 configuration
Static constraint EoS V
Dynamic constraint EoD V

EINDE van Afdeling A / END of Part A

ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part A / Semestertoets 2 - Deel A © 2017, UP EECE, Trudi Joubert 7
 Departement Elektriese, Elektroniese Department of Electrical, Electronic
en Rekenaaringenieurswese and Computer Engineering

Semestertoets 2 Deel B Semester test 2 Part B

Kopiereg voorbehou Copyright reserved
Analoog Elektronika - ENE 310 Analogue Electronics - ENE 310
9 Mei 2017 9 May 2017

Toetsinligting:
Test information:
Maksimum punte: 20 Volpunte: 20
Maximum marks: Full marks:
Duur van vraestel: 90 minute Oopboek / toeboek: Oop
Duration of paper: 90 minutes Open / closed book: Open
Totale aantal bladsye (hierdie blad ingesluit): Punt:
Total number of pages (including this page): 3 Mark:

BELANGRIK- IMPORTANT

1. Die toets & eksaminerings regulasies van die Universiteit van Pretoria is van toepassing.
The test & examination regulations of the University of Pretoria apply.

2. Vrae moet in onuitveebare ink geskryf word. Antwoorde in potlood sal nie gemerk word nie!
Questions must be answered in indelible ink. Answers in pencil will not be marked!

3. Antwoord al die vrae en skryf die antwoorde vir gedeelte A en B in die apparte voorsiende antwoord boeke.
Answer all the questions and write the answers for part A and B in the separate supplied answer books.

4. Dui alle bewerkings waar van toepassing aan. Geen punte sal gegee word vir korrekte antwoorde wat nie gestaaf word met bewerkings/denkwyse nie.
Show all calculations where applicable. No marks will be given for correct answers without calculations/reasoning to support them.

5. Gebruik duidelike en geregverdigde ingenieursbenaderings (en/of aannames) waar van toepassing. Alle aannames moet gestaaf word.
Use clearly justified & educated engineering approximations (and/or stated assumptions) where/as appropriate. All assumptions must be justified.

6. Gee duidelik die definisie vir die berekening van die finale resultaat indien enige verskil in notasie (van die voorgeskrewe handboek) gebruik word
(evaluasie sal daarvolgens geskied).
Where there’s a notation difference (to the prescribed textbook), specify your definition in computing the final result (evaluation will be done in
accordance).

7. Die elektroniese evaluasie regulasies van die Departement Elektries, Elektronies en Rekenaaringenieurswese is van toepassing.
The electronic evaluation regulations of the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering apply.

Dosent(e): 1. Mr Johan Schoeman

Lecturer(s): 2. Dr Trudi H Joubert

V/Q B1 / 10
V/Q B2 / 10
 Afdeling B / Part B
Vraag B1 [10]
Eerste orde filter ontwerp {SU9.1} / ELO1
Beskou die laaglaatfilter stroombaandiagram
met verstelbare weerstande hieronder. Ontwerp
‘n filter met ‘n konstante afsnyfrekwensie van 6
kHz en ‘n verstelbare spanningswins tussen 10
- 30 dB. Slegs 10 kΩ verstelbare weerstande is
beskikbaar. (Wenk: Jy hoef nie van beide
verstelbare weerstande gebruik te maak nie.
Indien jy een onaktief wil maak, kan beide die
minimum en maksimum waardes as 0 Ω gekies
word.)
ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part B / Semestertoets 2 Deel B © 2017, UP EECE, Johan Schoeman
Question B1
First order filter design {SU9.1} / ELO1
Consider the first order low pass filter
circuit diagram with potentiometers given
below. Design a filter that will exhibit a
fixed cut off frequency of 6 kHz and an
adjustable voltage gain between 10 - 30 dB.
Only 10 kΩ potentiometers are available.
(Hint: You do not have to use both
potentiometers. If you want to neglect the
effect of one, choose both the minimum and
maximum values as 0 Ω.)
Blaai om / Turn page
2
 Vraag B2 [10]
Tweede orde filter ontwerp {SU9.2-9.6} / ELO1
Ontwerp ‘n tweede orde bandlaatfilter wat ‘n
totale bandwydte van 4 kHz gesentreerd rond-
om 40 kHz sal deurlaat vir ‘n IR versendtoe-
passing deur van ‘n veelvuldige terugvoer
topologie gebruik te maak. ‘n Maksimum
spanningswinsgrootte van 40 dB word toegelaat
om te verseker dat die uitset nie versadig nie.
Bepaal die vereiste kwaliteits-faktor van die
filtergedeelte en die komponent-waardes om die
ontwerp te realiseer.
EINDE van Afdeling B / END of Part B
ENE310 Semester Test 2 - Part B / Semestertoets 2 Deel B © 2017, UP EECE, Johan Schoeman
Question B2
Second order filter design {SU9.2-9.6} / ELO1
Design a second order bandpass filter that
will pass a total bandwidth of 4 kHz centred
around 40 kHz for an IR transmitter
application by using a multiple-feedback
topology. A maximum voltage gain
magnitude of 40 dB is allowed to prevent
output saturation. Determine the required
quality factor of the filter section and the
component values to realise this design.
3