Cambridge IGCSE™

CHEMISTRY 0620/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2023
1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer all questions.
Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
Do not write on any bar codes.
You may use a calculator.
You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
The total mark for this paper is 80.
The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 12 pages.

IB23 03_0620_42/3RP
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 2

1 This question is about gases found in clean, dry air and gases found in polluted air.

(a) Name one gas found in clean, dry air which contributes to global warming.

Carbondioxide
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State the percentage of nitrogen in clean, dry air.

78
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c)

Calcium oxide
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is formed in car engines.

Name the equipment in a car exhaust used to remove the NO2 formed in car engines.

Catalytic converter
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e)

(i)

Draw a circle around your answer.

CO CO2
0
CH4 NO2 SO2
[1]

(ii) Explain your answer to (i).

lowest Mr
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) State one

Toxic
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(g) Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a reactant in photosynthesis.

Name the two products of photosynthesis.

Glucose
................................................................... and ................................................................... [2]
Oxygen

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 3

(h) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in Fig. 1.1 for a molecule of CO2.

Show outer shell electrons only.

X x

x x x
O
x
C x O x
o o
o s
x
x x X

Fig. 1.1
[2]

[Total: 11]

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 4

2 Lithium, sodium and potassium are Group I elements.

(a) Name the type of bonding in these elements.

Metallic
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b)

(i) State the test for hydrogen gas.

lighted splint
test ......................................................................................................................................

pop sound
positive result ......................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii)

14
pH = .............................. [1]

(iii)

pit meter universal indicator

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Write the symbol equation for the reaction between sodium and cold water.

Include state symbols.

2 Na ist 420111 2 NaOH agt Heigl

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Lithium has two naturally occurring types of atoms, 6Li and 7Li.

(i)

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
Isotopes
(ii) Complete Table 2.1 to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom
and ion of lithium shown.

Table 2.1

6
Li 7
Li+

protons 3
3
neutrons 3 4
electrons
3 2
[3]

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 5

(iii) Table 2.2 shows the relative abundance of the two naturally occurring atoms of lithium.

Table 2.2

atom 6
Li 7
Li
relative abundance 10% 90%

Calculate the relative atomic mass of lithium to one decimal place.

6 9
relative atomic mass = .............................. [2]

(d) Potassium oxide, K2O, is an ionic compound.

Show the charges on the ions.

...... ...... ......

t

K O K
i s
x

Fig. 2.1
[3]

[Total: 16]

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 6

3 The Haber process is used to manufacture ammonia.

(a) State the main source of each gas used in the Haber process.

Air
nitrogen ......................................................................................................................................

Methane water
hydrogen ....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The equation for the Haber process is shown.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H

The reaction is reversible. The forward reaction is exothermic.

(i) State what is meant by the symbol H.

overall change
.......................................................................................................................................
energy [1]

(ii) H

State why this value shows that the forward reaction is exothermic.

Alt is negative
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State the typical conditions and name the catalyst used in the Haber process.

450
temperature ............................. C

20,000
pressure .................................
atm 8 KPa
iron powder
catalyst .........................................
[3]

(iv)
process are changed. Use only the words increases, decreases or no change.

Table 3.1

change to
typical conditions the forward reaction of NH3(g) at equilibrium

temperature increases increases Decrease

pressure decreases Decrease Decrease
no catalyst decreases
No Change
[4]

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 7

(v) Explain in terms of collision theory why increasing the temperature increases the rate of
the reaction.

p more kinetic
.............................................................................................................................................
gain energy move
faster more successful collision
.............................................................................................................................................

Higher percentage of collisions above

.............................................................................................................................................

activation energy
.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Ammonia reacts with an acid to form ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4.

(i) State the formula of the acid used.

42504
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one use of ammonium sulfate.

fertilizers
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the percentage composition by mass of nitrogen in (NH4)2SO4.

Mr 132
100
28 132
21
percentage of nitrogen = ............................... % [2]

[Total: 18]

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 8

4 Copper is element 29 in the Periodic Table.

(a) Brass contains copper.

(i) Name the other metal in brass.

Zinc
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the term given to a mixture of a metal with another element.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
Alloy
(b) Copper can be stretched into wires. Copper wires conduct electricity.

(i) Name the property of metals which means that they can be stretched into wires.

Ductile
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name the particles responsible for the conduction of electricity in solid copper.

electrons
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Copper is a transition element.

Some physical and chemical properties of transition elements are shown.

physical properties:
high density
high strength

chemical properties:
form coloured compounds
have ions with variable oxidation numbers

(i) State one other physical property of transition elements.

High point
.......................................................................................................................................
melting [1]

(ii) State one other chemical property of transition elements.

Act a catalyst
.......................................................................................................................................
as [1]

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 9

(d) Hydrated copper(II) sulfate is a coloured compound. It exists as hydrated crystals which
contain water molecules.

(i) State the term given to water molecules present in hydrated crystals.

water of crystallization
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the colour of hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals.

blue
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Write the formula of hydrated copper(II) sulfate.

Cu504 5420
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(e) Copper(II) oxide is formed when copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2, is heated.

0 02
2Cu(NO3)2(s) 4 (g) + O (g)
2CuO(s) + 4NO
1
2 2

(i) State the class of oxide to which copper(II) oxide belongs.

Basic
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the meaning of the Roman numeral (II) in the name copper(II) oxide.

oxidation number I valency

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) 0.0200 moles of Cu(NO3)2 is heated.

Calculate the mass of 0.0200 moles of Cu(NO3)2.

Mr 188
188 0.02
3 76
mass = .............................. g [2]

(iv) Calculate the total volume of gas, in dm3 at r.t.p., produced when 0.0200 moles of
Cu(NO3)2 is heated.
O 05 424

1 4
(v)
032
Powdered aluminium reduces copper(II) oxide.
7.2
volume = .............................. dm3 [2]

Write the symbol equation for this reaction.

2 Al 360 Also 36
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 18]

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5
Molecules of these substances contain three carbon atoms.

(a) Explain why members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties.

Same functional group

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Name the homologous series to which propanoic acid belongs.

carboxylic acid
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) State the general formula of the homologous series to which propanoic acid belongs.

Cortland Coot
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Propan-1-ol has an unbranched isomer.

Name this isomer.

2 01
propan
....................................................................................................................................................

Draw the displayed formula of this isomer.

it it
d C C H

H H H [2]

(e) Propane and propene can be manufactured by heating decane, C10H22, in the presence of a
catalyst. One other product is formed.

(i) Complete the equation for this reaction.

C10H22
GHz GHG Catto
........................... + ........................... + ........................... [2]

(ii) Name this manufacturing process.

Cracking
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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 11

(f) Propene forms a polymer named poly(propene).

(i) Draw the displayed formula of a section of poly(propene) showing three repeat units.

CHS
Y
I it i
c
I i
c c

i i t [2]

(ii) State the type of polymerisation that occurs when propene forms poly(propene).

Addition
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) Propanoic acid reacts with aqueous sodium carbonate to form a salt.

(i) Suggest the name of the salt formed.

sodium propanoate
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest the formula of the anion in this salt.

CH CHI COO
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(h) Propanoic acid forms an ester when it reacts with ethanol in the presence of a catalyst.

(i) Suggest a suitable catalyst.

conc Sulfuric acid

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name the ester formed.

ethyl propanoat
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Draw the displayed formula of this ester.

H
f
H
I
fH c o
11
III
I

I
1
[2]

H H H [Total: 17]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every

publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

© UCLES 2023 0620/42/F/M/23

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2023
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
12

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/42/F/M/23
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
Cambridge IGCSE™

CHEMISTRY 0620/04
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) For examination from 2023
SPECIMEN PAPER 1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer all questions.
Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
Do not write on any bar codes.
You may use a calculator.
You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
The total mark for this paper is 80.
The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

© UCLES 2020 [Turn over

 2

1 Element X can undergo the following physical changes.

gaseous X

4
2

liquid X
3
1
solid X

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Name each of the numbered physical changes shown in Fig. 1.1.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
Melting
Condensation
2 ........................................................................................................................................

Freezing
3 ........................................................................................................................................

Boiling Evaporation
4 ........................................................................................................................................
[4]

(ii) One difference between boiling and evaporation is the rate at which the processes occur.

State one other difference between boiling and evaporation.

is Boiling at specific temp Bp

...........................................................................................................................................
Melting over a

range of temp Boiling at the whole liquid [1]

......................................................................................................................................

Evaporation at surface
(b) Describe the separation, arrangement and motion of particles of element X in the solid state.

Tightly packed
separation .................................................................................................................................

Regular
arrangement .............................................................................................................................

vibrate in its fixed position

motion .......................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) Element X is a Group III metal. It burns in air to form an oxide X2O3.

Write a symbol equation for this reaction.

4 X 302 2 203
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 3

2 Magnesium, calcium and strontium are Group II elements.

(a) Complete Table 2.1 to show the electronic configuration of a calcium atom.

Table 2.1

shell 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

number of electrons
2 8 8 2
[1]

(b) Describe how the electronic configuration of a strontium atom is:

(i) similar to the electronic configuration of a calcium atom

Same no of é the O M shell

...........................................................................................................................................
in
outer most shell is 2 electrons
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) different from the electronic configuration of a calcium atom.

Different of shells
...........................................................................................................................................
no
Sr 15 Shells
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Calcium reacts with cold water to form two products:

a colourless gas, P, which ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
a weakly alkaline solution, Q, which turns milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.

(i) Name gas P.

Hydrogen
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify the ion responsible for making solution Q alkaline.

OH I hydroxide
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Suggest the pH of solution Q.

7 12
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) Write a symbol equation for the reaction of calcium with cold water.

Ca 2420 aloha Ha
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
t

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 4

(d) Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride, MgCl .

Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound.

(i) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in Fig. 2.1 of the ions in magnesium chloride.

Show the charges on the ions.

......

0 I
Cl

2
......

Mg

I ......

xx
Cl

Fig. 2.1 [3]

(ii) One physical property typical of ionic compounds, such as MgCl , is that they are soluble
in water.

Give two other physical properties that are typical of ionic compounds.

high melting point

1 ........................................................................................................................................

good conductor of electricity when molten or

2 ........................................................................................................................................
ag
[2]

(e) Aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous magnesium chloride.

A white precipitate forms.

Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.

Ageless
Agia Clay
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 15]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 5

3 Copper is a transition element. It has variable oxidation states.

(a) State two other chemical properties of transition elements which make them different from
Group I elements.

form coloured compond

1 ................................................................................................................................................

Act as a catalyst
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) When copper(II

2O + O2

(i) Identify the changes in oxidation numbers of copper and oxygen in this reaction.

Explain in terms of changes in oxidation numbers why this is a redox reaction.

2
change in oxidation number of copper: from …………… I
to ……………

2
change in oxidation number of oxygen: from …………… O
to ……………

decrease oxidation is reduction and

explanation ........................................................................................................................
no

increase the oxidation no is Oxidation

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii)
reacts as shown in the equation.
4 2 I
2
O + O2

002
7 o.az

o 005
mol

24 1 2 dm
0.005

1.2
.................................................... 3
[3]

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 6

(c) Copper metal is obtained when scrap iron is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

(i) The reaction between iron and aqueous copper(II) sulfate is a displacement reaction.

State why this displacement reaction takes place.

iron is more reactive than copper

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write a symbol equation for the reaction between iron and aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

Fe Cason Cut Fe504

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) A displacement reaction is one method for obtaining copper metal from aqueous
copper(II) sulfate.

Identify another method for obtaining copper metal from aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

Electrolysis
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

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 7

4 Sulfuric acid has many uses.

(a) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

(i) Define the term acid.

donor
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
proton
(ii) Define the term strong acid.

Completely ionized high conc of proton

......................................................................................................................................
give [1]

(b) Dilute sulfuric acid is used to make salts known as sulfates.

A method consisting of three steps is used to make zinc sulfate from zinc carbonate.
3 3
step 1 dilute sulfuric acid until
the reaction is complete.

step 2 Filter the mixture.

step 3 Heat the filtrate until a saturated solution forms and then allow it to crystallise.

(i) Suggest two observations which show that the reaction is complete in step 1.

No more fizzing
1 ........................................................................................................................................

solid remains at the bottom

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State why it is important to add an excess of zinc carbonate in step 1.

to make sure all acid used up

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Define the term saturated solution.

no more solute dissolve at specific

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
temperature
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) Name another zinc compound which can be used to make zinc sulfate from dilute
sulfuric acid using this method.

Zinc oxide Hydroxide

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Suggest why this method would not work to make barium sulfate from barium carbonate
and dilute sulfuric acid.

Baby insoluble
......................................................................................................................................
is [1]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23 [Turn over

 8
3 3
(c) aqueous sodium hydroxide to a
conical flask. The student then added a few drops of methyl orange to the solution in the
conical flask.

Dilute sulfuric acid is then added from a burette to the conical flask. The volume of dilute
3
.

The reaction is shown by the equation.

2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(i) State the colour of methyl orange in aqueous sodium hydroxide.

yellow
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
3
(ii) using the following steps.

Calculate the number of moles of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the

conical flask.

0 005
.........................................................

Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid added from the burette.

0 0025
.........................................................
3
.

o 125
................................................ 3

3
.

12 25
.................................................... 3

[4]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 9

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23 [Turn over

 10

5 A student investigates the progress of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, and an
excess of large pieces of marble, CaCO3, using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.1.

gas syringe

dilute
hydrochloric acid an excess of large
pieces of marble

Fig. 5.1

(a) A graph of the volume of gas produced against time is shown in Fig. 5.2.

150

100
volume of gas
produced / cm3

r
50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
time / s

Fig. 5.2

(i) State how the shape of the graph shows that the rate of reaction decreases as the
reaction progresses.

gradient decrease
...........................................................................................................................................
a
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest why the rate of reaction decreases as the reaction progresses.

conc HCl decreasing

...........................................................................................................................................
is
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Deduce the time at which the reaction finishes.

200
........................................................

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 11

(b) The experiment is repeated using the same mass of smaller pieces of marble.

All other conditions are kept the same.

Draw a line on the grid in Fig. 5.2 to show the progress of the reaction using the smaller pieces
of marble. [2]

(c) The original experiment is repeated at a higher temperature. All other conditions are kept
the same. The resulting increase in rate of reaction can be explained in terms of activation
energy and collisions between particles.

(i) Define the term activation energy.

minimumenergy that colliding part96

...........................................................................................................................................

must have to react

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain why the rate of a reaction increases when temperature increases, in terms of
activation energy and collisions between particles.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

particles have energy greater

...........................................................................................................................................

than activation
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
energy
[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23 [Turn over

 12

6 Alkynes and alkenes are homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

(a) Complete Table 6.1 showing information about the first three alkynes.

Table 6.1

formula C 2H 2 C 3H 4
structure 3 2
–CH3
names ethyne but-1-yne
propyne
[2]

(b) Compounds in the same homologous series have the same general formula.

(i) Give two other characteristics of members of a homologous series.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
same functional group
2 ........................................................................................................................................
Same chemical properties [2]

(ii) Deduce the general formula of alkynes.

Use the information from Table 6.1 to help you.

CnHan 2
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Alkynes are unsaturated.

Describe a test for unsaturation.

Bromine water
test ....................................................................................................................................

Brown to colourless
result .................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Ethene and but-2-ene are alkenes.

(i) Draw the displayed formula of but-2-ene.

H
H

H d É É dI n

I
H it

[2]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 13

(ii) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show a molecule of ethene, CH2=CH2.

Show outer shell electrons only.

[2]

(d) Ethene can be converted to ethanoic acid by a two-stage process.

In stage one, ethene is converted to ethanol by catalytic addition.

C2H4 + H2 2H5OH

(i) Suggest why stage one is called an addition reaction.

one product is formed

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) A catalyst is used in stage one.

State one other condition that must be used.

steam is used or above look

......................................................................................................................................
temp
[1]

(iii) State what must be reacted with ethanol to form ethanoic acid.

acidified potassium manganate KMnoy

...................................................................................................................................... [2]
ag
[Total: 15]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 14

7 Carboxylic acids can be converted into esters.

(a) Propanoic acid and methanol react to form an ester that has the molecular formula C4H8O2.

(i) Name this ester and draw its displayed formula.

name of ester ....................................................................................................................

methyl propanoate
displayed formula

É IE
I
o

A alcohol acid
[2]
Ca Ca
Name another ester with the molecular formula C4H8O2.Cs I
(ii)
y
propyl methanoate ethyl ethanoate
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Polyesters are polymers made from dicarboxylic acids.

(i) Name the other type of organic compound used in the formation of polyesters.

Idaho
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name the type of polymerisation used in the manufacture of polyesters.

Condensation
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2020
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
15

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/04/SP/23
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
 16

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