Exloe he o
 Air-Lft Pumps
and Mlhe
ppcaons of socalled arlf
A
pumps n felds oher han
peroleum () have ncluded
he handlng of haardous u
ds 2) he desgn of boreacors 34,
the recover of archeologcal arfcs
5. reccle aeraon n sluge dgesors
6) eep sea mnng (7), and he recover
of manganese nodules 8910) fro
ocean loors neres among a hos of
omesc //-118) an foregn /9)
oganzons aes back sevel ecades;
Use thi havng passed EPA hurdles 20) recover
new capacty of ocea sources has een fuher sanc
tone by US legslaon /) Wh he
correlaton for excepon of "boreacos he praccal
ump design. esgn and operaon of an arlf pump
les n he densephase slugow regme
of cuen gslqu upo 2121).
).
The transiton to slug flow
The enranment of spra or droples
f AZen as cus fm a faconaor ra cons
MS ues a orm of lue phase cocurren
gaslqu upflow Snce bubble caps
have been use as foo peces n gas lf
pumps a p se over a cap on a ray, as
llusraed n gure 1 a consues con
cepuall a low effcenc bubblng
upflow gas lft operang a vey shallow
submergence n pracce, a gas lf oper
aes wh deeper submergence and mo
effcenly n slug low, as epce n
gu  b where he o pece s smpl
a gs necon nozzle
n pracce mulpot necors have
been fund o be more ecen 2 n
ems of ncrease capac pacularl
n he bubblng and slugow regmes
CHEICAL ENGINERNG PORE
t'
,
Ths s n accor wth analogous exr
ence n he njecon of flashing fees no
rsers n fud caalyc crackng uns,
analogousl carryng upwarly bul
solds (parcles) as oppose o buk lq
us (molecules), an also accouns r
some amoun of scaer n publshe
expermenall daa o n ar-lf capacty.
expermena
Snce nece gas bubbes are s
place upwarl b he donwar "slp
ow of lqu (ha is, dense phase 23
a he walls he cross secon hugh a
upward movng gas bubble present a
couneuren ow as epce n gur
l despe a ne upwar rnspo o slugs
of lqu Ths local counercun o
s analogous o he empy ppe oong
phenomena illusrate n Fgu I r
whch coelaons alrea exst 4. n
vew of he encal ow phenoena n
gures l an , accounng r te sys
em varables should also be enca
wheher he ne flows are cocurrent or
counecurn
Dene pse lquid
tranport by g-lif pump
n gure  b gas compresse to a
pressure level equvalen o he eph o
submergence s nouce to the lft p
o splace lqu upwadly. As the lqu
fows back own no he bubblerm
vos, moe gas s contnually nuc
o esablsh a sea sae of uxng of
upwal splace qud he ne rate o
conveance or refuxng ecrases t
hegh of lf f he ppe s cu o at soe
hegh elo he maxmum comensu
rae wh he gven gas rae or of the f
• AUG 19 • 51
 

FLUIDOL HNDLNG

a) (  j<


·.

 rVL
Vo

       .·� 
-. o  
.

  
 > .   = Piu cros·eln, q. h

  iJe
 Ld� chs
h 
  ,-'   }   Sbmeguncu,
; •  "  = Gas denst
Fd ent

'   f   ,    -
    \   1  1
 f: .'�t,
  

:V "
•Figure  abe) Di
D ited
tedense
ense pe manestans
manestans 10    10 1 1 0
•Fgure  (g) "Cn ae
ae l daa.

ference in hydraulic head, then the

net rate of liquid at tat height wll
be continuously expeled rm the
pe and hen
hence
ce he acton efeed to
 a lft "pm
Experimental ai-lft daa
2
Fig dislays a vaiety of pu
i shed a ir-
ir-ift
ift ata covering lift
heghts rangng om   n. t ft
and pipe amete fm  n to 
in The cuves rawn through each
nvestigator's resuts fal into a
numerical sequence with height of
lift. The asis r the choice of cr
2
inates in igu lays pncpally in
their aity to correate maximum
cuntercurrent dilute phaseense
hase lw through empty vertical
tues an packed towers (3,4
Tat these coordinates yed a plot as
2
organzed n Fgue ens cil
ty to this aproach to correlaton
despite the ct that ar ift psent
overal a net cocurent rather than
counteunt w.
In Figure gas voume and gas
density ae based on scarge con
dions; wihin a long i pi ese
could va However
dischae 2
signicaty
the fom inlet to
signcance
of cocons to the data in igu
2 would  icult to evaluate justi
65 fay when even the est data are
suect to expermental er an to
the eects of the air inection ang
ments .
he sumergence tem S in the
denminator of the ordinate of
igue  is ase on analgy to cor
reang ata on entrainment fom
stilation
stilation tra ys ) t also eects
trays
the work exande in comressing
the air in an ar ift f S is repace
y g [S ) /    which is ro
 potiona to+e wo
workrk of compression
and stl refects the sumergence
2
then the data in Fige yed a 
iy of paallel cues space accor
ing to the suare ot of the ift
heigt Multying the ordinate a
dividing the ascissa y he squa
 ot of  suls in e coat
coation
ion f
Fgu 22
ffect of fuid density
Since a the data in Figure 2a
ase on lifting water the uestin
arses as to hw el tis coeaton
woud satsfy other uis. e ordi
nate shoul e mode by cnsid
eing that increase iqui density
would ogicaly result in reucing
the efective volumetric ye 
conversey giving the sme wiegh
yied at equal air ates Chabrlain
 otaned airlift data r t
water an a l/ft3 caustic slu
] 35 pipe his data are
ion in the same
lotte in Figure  and show excel

 • AUGU  • L NGINEEIG ROGRE

 
 r .
FLUI OS/SLID HNDLING   
 -
-
 

  
 .


·: 
 o 
 o  -

rooa 1Wg % a 

5% 
qua   Wg % ar Ra
PG=0.0 765
 765 
Ar r
  Ra

= 

0===
   0 
 j
A v
4
•igue Signcnce of he Ingel
Rnd equon S
•igu A i-l
  -l mple
1&
waer (a s  = 62624;  =
Nonclatur 076 E s e
a
  cssectionul aa of nnlar
 q ft.
pi css-tionl   .
0028
c
Equao 9 s sow 
( 9)
 9) 

�I 
Bubblng

=
D pi inside diameer, in gure 4 as super 
2 ;   ,  ,  L
 tional ecieny  W posed on gure 3 he c
L Igersollad equao
 1 C 

li heigt 
:


p pss t int of g e plos as a srag le /· luggg
lsq f w slope correspod-
d
  1 
l
I L
 
.

 atmospherc ps lsq  g o e arowaer

s N b 
V
sbegece  rao a pea eorecal  
gas ow at de conditions effcecy. e curve
 r
ft'min  b ased
as ed o e xp e r e
e
 a l 

 �
 den
pondphe owph1
gl/min < 
wV mint
of dene lied r daa exbs
slope s po
a oly oe sae
 �
 bu e curves
curv es away o
w  , ,   wo inpt lmin yeld lower waeroar
w work otpt ftlmin

=
raos a values of e abscssa
(ar rae) ger or lower a   
Geek Lee a correspodg o e rao a
1 
£ s po of axu delvery V 
gas void tion in erted
A v O


effcecy Te gersollRad
 dense p
µ viosit of ied id
equao s erefore useful 
esag e yeld fro a ar
6
•Fue Mulphe cocun
entii vcl ujow eges
lf oly uder codos of pea
 rfe tension of lif id
 dynescm
eorecal effcecy bu o Examples ;
over e ere rage of possble Cosder e operable gaslqud
P    densit of
o f id id lft
operag codos gures  solds aos r wo suaos lus
P gs densiy ft
ad corporae as wel e aed  gu
P = liqid densit lb/ft effec of fluds of deses oer
4  Ar lfg of waer 30 f
a waer 6 55
roug a  p suberged f 50
• AUGU   CEMCA ENGEERG ROGRE
 '
- 
 ·
 ·    -   _
_


 
  

 
 Ordinate =
\X 4 x44
x44 /-8 x 0)1 =20 v
 ure4  
F g ure4
 o  / F  3.14(6 >
3.14(6  6    o g{ 4+
 o  50}4
g{ 4+50}4]  ' 
EquonB

Equaon C
 ofAbscissa
 ofg  ure4  x
g ure4 '4 (6 
x44
34(6 
34 )) 0076
0076x 6 33.  0.0844 CF
66.5 x 48x  1

Orite =(SlurGPMx4
(SlurGPMx4x x  { 665 x 3
 ofFgure 4 34(6
34(6 6 62.4 log
log{4
{4+ 469}4]] 235
+ 469}4 235(SlurGP
(SlurGP
Equon D

2 Ai liftig of a seimete

sa as a slur otaiig 0 wt%
e sa a istae of 0 ft tug
a 6 i ie submee 0 ft
Case/.
SeeC  2. B a Table .
Es
Slu esity= 06
 06
= 66 lbft
Eetve submeee=
6.466)= 4 
0 6.466
tve Li  0  0-   
S s. C D a Table 3

Bubbng and annuar

liqui flow
At values of te siss
sissaa less ta
aut 0 a to te le of te ue
i Fige   twoase ow woul
u i te m of gas bubbles is
ig i a matx of liui e to
ow uwarly by eas  exam
le of a moto ive um or sim
ly by a yrauli iee i ea.
Ue su oitios tyial i
bioato 3 ), L wol e te tube
iamete a S woul qual
Lp /  24
At values of te absissa greater
ta about 0, a to te igt of te
uve i Figure  4 voiage must be
so gat tat liqui a oly be dri
ve u te ie i aular flow by
te surf as
egio ae g
beeofexlored
te gas ore. Tis
i some
etail by Dukle a oters 2930)

CHEMCAL ENGNEENG O

 O   AUGU 1 • 
 
 FLUIOLI NLIN

.·� ndnt  X
� -: :,    
itt itd
 _ � Sylva Comer's kind pemsio to pb � . �
19. Chem ee pp. 33-J ,; 

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Copoao 2 Chem g p.  (o

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Bau o M

2 Moo   tJ�

(Ma 65)

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 Yo J L   ·'
'   s PD n cemca engee .
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� echnic  Unversty, New Yok;' ; � Com Fow 
1$0 Emers at Maaan Jli aio,"  -
ow"f e AICE te 98 recpaf  t
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d n ema engeer
) 86 een f
p�
icl Engi1T!
0 pp. - 
 Znz F  d
Hyn Pr 
. n

-   J   aored 9 papers  t USt
p
pP
P  pp
Sepao  · '
- (:{

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Aeveme Award2book,19

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 as w
 8
 d as been consta  mo
mo[ [ • T
Chemic En 
g and domesc corporatos
' ' h?
\ ' 
Hll New Yop
88 <
2 " :

   
w resented exermenta data reatng Handb k" 4
masued amunts f qud ae
ae  uwad
uwad Hil pp. ; Cf,.
n annuar fms f measured tkness Il·R
Il· R 
nsde a vea n ntea dameter (
2 Juy  ·,7
·,7
27kw  

 
 t the meud rate f te urrent,
qud w ndung uwad gas sam p 6Mh}
e rsuts are swn n Fgue  6 wt  eme  J
3, pp. H'
29. Zb
  .,,.., 
te rat f m rsssetna ara t 
rsssetna area as a arameter Upw   C .   
uatng bubbe se vety t dsang Aul o Ai
qud dwnfw n a suggng tube, e
Y et098i
PP· 8-84

'
snds t an annuusttube area rat f 30. Ttl �  -
 suggestng tat tese nvestgatrs Pae T,
Upw GaU

1
were arang suggng and tat ts
mi sud at sme tme  estabsed n Vic T'
pp 45 (19)�:t
6
Fgure eementay e addtn f 31. Bakr,o.0;1' di ·


,
qud vssty and auy suae ten Ju 2f
5 Ju
sn terms t te rdnat f Fgure  6 as 32 Znz J A p1
en smewat arbtrary based n dent cao PE C
a tems aabe t rznta mut N (8    :
   
ase fw 31 and n data btaned r
very w surfae ensn quds n ur
ent ufw wt ar 3 n tubes severa n ase ufw t te extent surted
t severa f n dameter  by data
dat a ubsed
ubs ed t ate 
gure reresents nt ny a
aaty rreatn fr gas ft um To recive a fee copy of ths article, snd
6
desgn but as suggests te rrea in th Rader Inquiry card in this ssueD
tn f a reges f urrent mut with th No   cirld.

 • AUGUS 9  EMIL ENGNEERNG PRORESS