Languages With Official Status in India - Wikipedia

Languages with
official status in
India
There is no national language in

India.[4][5][6] However, article 343(1) of the
Indian constitution specifically mentions
that "The official language of the Union
shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The
form of numerals to be used for the official
purposes of the Union shall be the
international form of Indian numerals,"[6]
while clause 3 of the Official Languages
Act, 1963 mentions the "Continuation of
English Language for official purposes of
the Union and for use in Parliament", thus
denoting Hindi and English as the official
languages of the Union.[7] Business in the
Indian parliament can only be conducted
in Hindi or in English. English is allowed to
be used in official purposes such as
parliamentary proceedings, judiciary,
communications between the Central
Government and a State Government.
There are various official languages in
India at the state/territory level. States
within India have the liberty and powers to
specify their own official language(s)
through legislation. In addition to the
official languages, the constitution
recognizes 22 regional languages, which
include Hindi but not English, as scheduled
languages (see below).
States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken languages, among which most are scheduled but
some are not scheduled languages, like Ao of Nagaland, Khasi of Meghalaya, Ladakhi of Ladakh, Mizo of Mizoram and
Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh. Exceptionally, Mizo attains state level official language status, despite not being a
scheduled language. Nepali, despite being the lingua franca of Sikkim as well as a scheduled language, isn't the official
language of Sikkim state.[1][2][3][a]
Part of a series on
Constitutionally recognised languages of India

Category
22 Official Languages of the Indian Republic
Assamese · Bengali · Bodo · Dogri · Gujarati

Hindi · Kannada · Kashmiri · Konkani · Maithi
Malayalam · Marathi · Meitei (Manipuri) · Nepa
Odia · Punjabi · Sanskrit · Santali · Sindhi
Tamil · Telugu · Urdu
Related
Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India

Official Languages Commission
Classical Languages of India
List of languages by number of native speakers in
Asia portal
India portal
Language portal
Politics portal
States can specify their own official

language(s) through legislation. The
section of the Constitution of India dealing
with official languages, therefore, includes
detailed provisions which deal not just
with the languages used for the official
purposes of the union, but also with the
languages that are to be used for the
official purposes of each state and union
territory in the country, and the languages
that are to be used for communication
between the union and the states.
History
The official languages of British India were
English, Urdu and later Hindi, with English
being used for purposes at the central
level.[8] The origins of official Hindi usage
traces back to 1900, when MacDonnell
issued an order, which allowed the
“permissive — but not exclusive — use” of
Devanagari for Hindustani in the courts of
North-Western Provinces.[9] The Indian
constitution, adopted in 1950, envisaged
that English would be phased out in favour
of Hindi, over a fifteen-year period, but
gave Parliament the power to, by law,
provide for the continued use of English
even thereafter.[10] Plans to make Hindi the
sole official language of the Republic were
met with resistance in many parts of the
country. English and Hindi continue to be
used today, in combination with other (at
the central level and in some states)
official languages.
The legal framework governing the use of

languages for official purpose currently is
the Official Languages Act, 1963, the
Official Language Rules, 1976, and various
state laws, as well as rules and regulations
made by the central government and the
states.
List of scheduled languages
of India
The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of
India contains a list of 22 scheduled
languages. The table below lists the 22
scheduled languages of the Republic of
India as set out in the Eighth Schedule as
of May 2008, together with the regions
where they are widely spoken and used as
the state's official language. However,
states are not mandated to choose their
official languages from the scheduled
languages. Sindhi is not official in any
states or union territories even though it is
listed in the Eighth Schedule.
ISO
Sr. Speakers Official recognition in
Language[b] Family 639
No. (in millions, 2011)[11] State(s)
code
Indo-Aryan,
1. Assamese 15.3 Official: Assam as
Eastern
Official: West Bengal,

Indo-Aryan, Tripura
2. Bengali 97.2 bn
Eastern Additional: Assam,
Jharkhand[12]
Tibeto-
3. Bodo 1.48 Official: Assam brx
Burman
Indo-Aryan, Official: Jammu and

4. Dogri 2.6 doi
Northwestern Kashmir[13]
Official: Gujarat
Indo-Aryan, Additional: Dadra and
5. Gujarati 55.5 gu
Western Nagar Haveli and
Daman and Diu[14]
Official: Andaman and

Nicobar Islands, Bihar,
Dadra and Nagar
Haveli and Daman and
Diu, Chhattisgarh,
Delhi, Gujarat,[15]
Haryana, Himachal
Indo-Aryan, Pradesh, Jammu and

6. Hindi 528 Kashmir, Jharkhand, hi
Central
Ladakh,
Lakshadweep,[16]
Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Additional: West
Bengal[17][18]
ISO
code
7. Kannada Dravidian 43.7 Official: Karnataka kn
Indo-Aryan, Official: Jammu and

8. Kashmiri 6.8 ks
Dardic Kashmir[13]
Indo-Aryan,
9. Konkani 2.25 Official: Goa[19][20] gom
Southern
Indo-Aryan, Additional:
10. Maithili 13.6 mai
Eastern Jharkhand[21]
Official: Kerala
11. Malayalam Dravidian 34.8 ml
Additional: Puducherry
Tibeto-
12. Manipuri 1.8 Official: Manipur mni
Burman
Indo-Aryan, Official: Maharashtra

13. Marathi 83 mr
Southern Additional: Goa
Official: Sikkim
Indo-Aryan,
14. Nepali 2.9 Additional: West ne
Northern
Bengal
Official: Odisha
Indo-Aryan, Additional: Jharkhand,
15. Odia 37.5 or
Eastern West
Bengal[22][23][24][17][18]
Official: Punjab
Indo-Aryan, Additional: Delhi,
16. Punjabi 33.1 pa
Northwestern Haryana, West
Bengal[17][18]
Additional: Himachal
17. Sanskrit Indo-Aryan 0.02 sa
Pradesh, Uttarakhand
ISO
code
Additional:
18. Santali Austroasiatic 7.3 sat
Jharkhand[25]
Indo-Aryan,
19. Sindhi 2.7 sd
Northwestern
Official: Tamil Nadu,

20. Tamil Dravidian 69 ta
Puducherry
Official: Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana
21. Telugu Dravidian 81.1 te
Additional: Puducherry,
West Bengal
Official: Jammu and

Kashmir
Additional: Andhra
Indo-Aryan, Pradesh,[26] Bihar,
22. Urdu 50.7 ur
Central Delhi, Jharkhand,
Telangana, Uttar
Pradesh, West
Bengal[17][18]
Official languages of the
Union
The front cover of a contemporary Indian passport, with the national emblem and inscriptions in the two official
languages of Hindi and English.
The Indian constitution, in 1950, declared

Hindi in Devanagari script to be the official
language of the union. Unless Parliament
decided otherwise, the use of English for
official purposes was to cease 15 years
after the constitution came into effect, that
is, on 26 January 1965. The prospect of
the changeover, however, led to much
alarm in the non-Hindi-speaking areas of
India, especially Dravidian-speaking states
whose languages were not related to Hindi
at all. As a result, Parliament enacted the
Official Languages Act,
1963,[27][28][29][30][31][32] which provided for
the continued use of English for official
purposes along with Hindi, even after
1965.
In late 1964, an attempt was made to

expressly provide for an end to the use of
English, but it was met with protests from
states and territories such as Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu, Punjab, West Bengal,
Karnataka, Puducherry, Nagaland,
Mizoram and Andhra Pradesh. Some of
these protests also turned violent.[33] As a
result, the proposal was dropped,[34][35]
and the Act itself was amended in 1967 to
provide that the use of English would not
be ended until a resolution to that effect
was passed by the legislature of every
state that had not adopted Hindi as its
official language, and by each house of the
Indian Parliament.[36]
The position was thus that the Union
government continues to use English in
addition to Hindi for its official
purposes[37] as a "subsidiary official
language",[38] but is also required to
prepare and execute a program to
progressively increase its use of Hindi.[39]
The exact extent to which, and the areas in
which, the Union government uses Hindi
and English, respectively, is determined by
the provisions of the Constitution, the
Official Languages Act, 1963, the Official
Languages Rules, 1976, and statutory
instruments made by the Department of
Official Language under these laws.
Department of Official Language was set
up in June 1975 as an independent
Department of the Ministry of Home
Affairs.[40]
Parliamentary proceedings and laws
The Indian constitution distinguishes the

language to be used in Parliamentary
proceedings, and the language in which
laws are to be made. Parliamentary
business, according to the Constitution,
may be conducted in either Hindi or
English. The use of English in
parliamentary proceedings was to be
phased out at the end of fifteen years
unless Parliament chose to extend its use,
which Parliament did through the Official
Languages Act, 1963.[41] Also, the
constitution permits a person who is
unable to express themselves in either
Hindi or English to, with the permission of
the Speaker of the relevant House, address
the House in their mother tongue.[42]
In contrast, the constitution requires the

authoritative text of all laws, including
Parliamentary enactments and statutory
instruments, to be in English, until
Parliament decides otherwise. Parliament
has not exercised its power to so decide,
instead merely requiring that all such laws
and instruments, and all bills brought
before it, also be translated into Hindi,
though the English text remains
authoritative.[43] The Official Languages
act, 1963 provides that the authoritative
text of central acts, rules, regulations, etc.,
are published in Hindi as well in the official
gazette by President of India.[44]
Judiciary
The constitution provides, and the

Supreme Court of India has reiterated, that
all proceedings in the Supreme Court (the
country's highest court) and the High
Courts shall be in English.[45] Parliament
has the power to alter this by law but has
not done so. However, in many high courts,
there is, with consent from the president,
allowance of the optional use of Hindi.
Such proposals have been successful in
the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.[46]
Administration
The Official Language Act provides that

the Union government shall use both Hindi
and English in most administrative
documents that are intended for the
public, though the Union government is
required by law to promote the use of
Hindi.[27][47] The Official Languages Rules,
in contrast, provide for a higher degree of
use of Hindi in communications between
offices of the central government (other
than offices in Tamil Nadu, to which the
rules do not apply).[48] Communications
between different departments within the
central government may be in English and
Hindi (though the English text remains
authoritative), although a translation into
the other language must be provided if
required.[49] Communications within
offices of the same department, however,
must be in Hindi if the offices are in Hindi-
speaking states,[50] and in either Hindi or
English otherwise with Hindi being used in
proportion to the percentage of staff in the
receiving office who have a working
knowledge of Hindi.[51] Notes and memos
in files may be in English and Hindi
(though the English text remains
authoritative), with the Government having
a duty to provide a translation into the
other language if required.[52]
Besides, every person submitting a

petition for the redress of a grievance to a
government officer or authority has a
constitutional right to submit it in any
language used in India.
Implementation
Various steps have been taken by the

Indian government to implement the use
and familiarisation of Hindi extensively.
Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha
headquartered at Chennai was formed to
spread Hindi in South Indian states.
Regional Hindi implementation offices at
Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram, Mumbai,
Kolkata, Guwahati, Bhopal, Delhi and
Ghaziabad have been established to
monitor the implementation of Hindi in
Central government offices and PSUs.
Annual targets are set by the Department
of Official Language regarding the amount
of correspondence being carried out in
Hindi. A Parliament Committee on Official
Language constituted in 1976 periodically
reviews the progress in the use of Hindi
and submits a report to the President. The
governmental body which makes policy
decisions and established guidelines for
the promotion of Hindi is the Kendriya
Hindi Samiti (est. 1967). In every city that
has more than ten central Government
offices, a Town Official Language
Implementation Committee is established
and cash awards are given to government
employees who write books in Hindi. All
Central government offices and PSUs are
to establish Hindi Cells for implementation
of Hindi in their offices.[53]
In 2016, the government announced plans

to promote Hindi in government offices in
Southern and Northeast India.[54][55]
The Indian constitution does not specify

the official languages to be used by the
states for the conduct of their official
functions and leaves each state free to,
through its legislature, adopt Hindi or any
language used in its territory as its official
language or languages.[56] The language
need not be one of those listed in the
Eighth Schedule, and several states have
adopted official languages which are not
so listed. Examples include Kokborok in
Tripura and Mizo in Mizoram.
Legislature and administration
The constitutional provisions in relation to

use of the official language in legislation at
the State level largely mirror those relating
to the official language at the central level,
with minor variations. State legislatures
may conduct their business in their official
language, Hindi or (for a transitional
period, which the legislature can extend if
it so chooses) English, and members who
cannot use any of these have the same
rights to their mother tongue with the
Speaker's permission. The authoritative
text of all laws must be in English unless
Parliament passes a law permitting a state
to use another language, and if the original
text of a law is in a different language, an
authoritative English translation of all laws
must be prepared.
The state has the right to regulate the use

of its official language in public
administration, and in general, neither the
constitution nor any central enactment
imposes any restriction on this right.
However, every person submitting a
petition for the redress of a grievance to
any officer or authority of the state
government has a constitutional right to
submit it in any language used in that
state, regardless of its official status.
Besides, the constitution grants the central

government, acting through the President,
the power to issue certain directives to the
government of a state in relation to the
use of minority languages for official
purposes. The President may direct a
State to officially recognize a language
spoken in its territory for specified
purposes and in specified regions if its
speakers demand it and satisfy him that a
substantial proportion of the State's
population desires its use. Similarly, States
and local authorities are required to
endeavor to provide primary education in
the mother tongue for all linguistic
minorities, regardless of whether their
language is official in that State, and the
President has the power to issue
directions he deems necessary to ensure
that they are provided these facilities.
State judiciary
States have significantly less freedom in

relation to determining the language in
which judicial proceedings in their
respective High Courts will be conducted.
The constitution gives the power to
authorize the use of Hindi, or the state's
official language in proceedings of the
High Court to the Governor, rather than the
state legislature and requires the Governor
to obtain the consent of the President of
India, who in these matters acts on the
advice of the Government of India. The
Official Languages Act gives the Governor
a similar power, subject to similar
conditions, in relation to the language in
which the High Court's judgments will be
delivered.[57]
Four states—Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh and Rajasthan—[58] have been
granted the right to conduct proceedings
in their High Courts in their official
language, which, for all of them, was Hindi.
However, the only non-Hindi state to seek
a similar power—Tamil Nadu, which
sought the right to conduct proceedings in
Tamil in its High Court—had its application
rejected by the central government earlier,
which said it was advised to do so by the
Supreme Court.[59] In 2006, the law
ministry said that it would not object to
Tamil Nadu state's desire to conduct
Madras High Court proceedings in
Tamil.[60][61][62][63][64] In 2010, the Chief
Justice of the Madras High Court allowed
lawyers to argue cases in Tamil.[65]
List of official languages by states and

territories
List of official languages of states of India

No. State Official language(s) Additional official language(s)
Andhra
1. Telugu,[66] Urdu[26] English
Pradesh
Arunachal
2. English[67]
Pradesh
3. Assam Assamese,[68] Bodo Bengali in three districts of Barak Valley,[69]
4. Bihar Hindi[70] Urdu[70]
5. Chhattisgarh Hindi[71] Chhattisgarhi[72][73]
6. Goa Konkani, English[74] Marathi[75]: 27 [76]
7. Gujarat Gujarati[77] Hindi[77]
8. Haryana Hindi[78] English,[75] Punjabi[79]
Himachal
9. Hindi[80] Sanskrit[81]
Pradesh
Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia,

10. Jharkhand Hindi[67] Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili,
Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu[25][82]
11. Karnataka Kannada English
12. Kerala Malayalam English
Madhya
13. Hindi[83]
Pradesh
14. Maharashtra Marathi[84]
15. Manipur Manipuri[85] English
16. Meghalaya English[86] Khasi and Garo[87]
17. Mizoram Mizo, English[88]
18. Nagaland English
19. Odisha Odia[89]
20. Punjab Punjabi[75]
21. Rajasthan Hindi

No. State Official language(s) Additional official language(s)
English, Nepali,
Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai,
22. Sikkim Sikkimese,
Sherpa and Tamang[75]
Lepcha[75][90]
23. Tamil Nadu Tamil English
24. Telangana Telugu Urdu[91][92]
Bengali, English,
25. Tripura
Kokborok[93][94][95]
26. Uttar Pradesh Hindi Urdu[96]
27. Uttarakhand Hindi Sanskrit
Nepali in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-

divisions;[75]
Urdu, Hindi, Odia, Santali, Punjabi, Kamtapuri,
28. West Bengal Bengali, English[75][97]
Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh and Telugu in blocks,
divisions or districts with population greater than
10 percent[17][18][98][99]
List of official languages of Union

Territories of India[75]
Additional official
No. Union territory Official language(s)
language(s)
Andaman and Nicobar

1. Hindi,[100] English
Islands
2. Chandigarh English[101]
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and

3. Hindi,[102][103] English Gujarati
Daman and Diu
4. Delhi Hindi, English[67] Urdu, Punjabi[104]
5. Lakshadweep English, Hindi[105][106]
Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi,

6. Jammu and Kashmir
Urdu, English[107]
7. Ladakh Hindi, English
Telugu in Yanam, Malayalam

8. Puducherry Tamil, English, French,[108]
in Mahe[c][109][110]
Union–state and interstate

communication
In places like railway stations, signboards are usually written in three languages - the state language (here Odia) and
the two official languages Hindi and English.
The language in which communications

between different states, or from the union
government to a state or a person in a
state, shall be sent is regulated by the
Official Languages Act and, for states
other than Tamil Nadu, by the Official
Languages Rules. Communication
between states which use Hindi as their
official language is required to be in Hindi,
whereas communication between a state
whose official language is Hindi and one
whose is not, is required to be in English,
or, in Hindi with an accompanying English
translation (unless the receiving state
agrees to dispense with the
translation).[37]
Communication between the union and

states which use Hindi as their official
language (classified by the Official
Language Rules as "the states in Region
A"), and with persons who live in those
states, is generally in Hindi, except in
certain cases.[111] Communication with a
second category of states "Region B",
which do not use Hindi as their official
language but have elected to
communicate with the union in Hindi
(currently Gujarat, Maharashtra, and
Punjab)[112] is usually in Hindi, whilst
communications sent to an individual in
those states may be in Hindi and
English.[113] Communication with all other
states "Region C", and with people living in
them, is in English.[114]
Writing systems
Each official language has a designated
official script using which it is written for
official purposes.
Script Scheduled language(s)
[d]
Bodo, Dogri, Hindi, Konkani[e], Maithili, Marathi, Nepali,
1 Devanagari
Sanskrit, Sindhi[f]
Bengali–Assamese (Eastern
2 Assamese, Bengali
Nagari)
3 Gujarati Gujarati
4 Gurmukhi Punjabi
5 Kannada[g] Kannada
6 Malayalam Malayalam
7 Meitei[h] Manipuri
8 Odia Odia
9 Ol Chiki Santali
10 Perso-Arabic script Kashmiri[i], Sindhi, Urdu
11 Tamil Tamil
12 Telugu[g] Telugu
See also
Wikisource has original text related to
this article:
Official Languages Act, 1963
Languages of India
List of languages by number of native
speakers in India
Indian States by most spoken scheduled
languages
The Eighth Schedule to the Indian
Constitution
Notes
a. Some languages may be over- or
underrepresented as the census data
used is at the state-level. For example,
while Urdu has 52 million speakers (2001),
in no state is it a majority as the language
itself is primarily limited to Indian Muslims
yet has more native speakers than
Gujarati.
b. Includes variants and dialects
c. See Official languages of Puducherry
d. For languages that are not natively written
using Devanagari, an extended version
called Parivardhita Devanagari was
proposed.
e. Although Devanagri is promulgated as the
official script, Romi script is used
predominantly.
f. However, Perso-Arabic is the official script
in Sindh.
g. Although Kannada and Telugu alphabets
together is a same script called Telugu–
Kannada alphabet, they are officially
recognized as separate scripts.
h. Although Eastern Nagari is also still widely
in use.
i. Although extended-Perso-Arabic is the
official and widely used script, Extended
Devanagari script is used to represent
Kashmiri texts whenever books are written
in Hindi.
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Nicobar Islands : Here's All You Need To
Know" (https://www.indiatimes.com/lifest
yle/most-spoken-language-in-andaman-an
d-nicobar-islands-524657.html) .
IndiaTimes. 7 October 2020. Retrieved
30 November 2021.
101. "Languages in Chandigarh" (https://www.c
handigarhcity.com/information/language
s/) . Chandigarh City.
102. "Administration of Dedra and Nagar
Haveli, U.T. (Official Language
Department) Secretariat Citizens charter-
2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/2014
0202163507/http://dnh.nic.in/deptdoc/D_
OfficialLang_citizenchart2011_12.pdf)
(PDF). Archived from the original (http://dn
h.nic.in/deptdoc/D_OfficialLang_citizench
art2011_12.pdf) (PDF) on 2 February
2014. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
103. "Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and
Diu – Culture and Tradition" (https://www.r
itiriwaz.com/dadra-and-nagar-haveli-and-d
aman-and-diu-culture-and-tradition/) .
RitiRiwaz. 7 April 2020.
104. Urdu and Punjabi are the two secondary
official languages of Delhi under the Delhi
Official Language Bill, 2000 "Punjabi, Urdu
made official languages in Delhi" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20110811072013/ht
tp://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/
2003-06-25/delhi/27182151_1_urdu-seco
nd-official-official-languages) , The Times
of India, 25 June 2003, archived from the
original (http://articles.timesofindia.indiati
mes.com/2003-06-25/delhi/27182151_1_
urdu-second-official-official-languages)
on 11 August 2011, retrieved 17 July 2007
105. "50th Report of the Commissioner for
Linguistic Minorities in India" (https://web.
archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://
Report.pdf) (PDF). 16 July 2014. p. 109.
Archived from the original (http://nclm.nic.
in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.p
df) (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved
6 November 2016.
106. Thomas Benedikter (2009). Language
Policy and Linguistic Minorities in India:
An Appraisal of the Linguistic Rights of
Minorities in India (https://books.google.c
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4) . LIT Verlag Münster. p. 134. ISBN 978-
3-643-10231-7.
107. "The Jammu and Kashmir Official
Languages Act, 2020" (http://egazette.nic.
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108. Steinberg, S.; Paxton, J. (28 December
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Martin Press. p. 386. ISBN 978-0-230-
27098-5. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
109. There are three primary languages used
for official purposes – Tamil, Telugu, and
Malayalam. Only, English is recognized for
official uses as per the official language
policy. The official language policy of the
union territory states that the Tamil
language should be the primary language
used for all or any of the official purposes
of the union territory. In case of Mahe and
Yanam, Malayalam and Telugu,
respectively, may be used instead of or in
conjunction with Tamil. The English
language may also be used for official
purposes. (ACT 28, Gazetteer, Pondicherry
Vol. 1, P. II)Multilingualism and second
language acquisition and learning in
Pondicherry (http://www.languageinindia.
com/feb2004/multilingual.html)
110. Office of the Chief Electoral Officer,
Puducherry, General Information on
Pondicherry (https://web.archive.org/web/
20070928180538/http://www.ceopondich
erry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.htm) ,
archived from the original (http://www.ceo
pondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.
htm) on 28 September 2007, retrieved
6 June 2007
2015.
Amended, 1987) – Paragraph 2(g)" (http
2015.
2015.
2015.
External links
Department of Official Language (DOL)
(http://rajbhasha.nic.in/) – Official
webpage explains the chronological
events related to Official Languages Act
and amendments
Central Institute of Indian Languages (ht
3632/http://www.ciil.org/) – A
comprehensive central government site
that offers complete info on Indian
Languages (archived 13 December
2004)
Reconciling Linguistic Diversity: The
History and the Future of Language
Policy in India (http://www.ling.upenn.ed
u/~jason2/papers/natlang.htm) by
Jason Baldridge
Multilingualism and language policy in
India (https://web.archive.org/web/2012
0207121902/http://www.elda.org/en/pr
oj/scalla/SCALLA2004/mallikarjunv3.pd
f) (archived 7 February 2012)
Words and phrases in more than 30
Indian languages (http://www.languages
home.in)
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Languages_with_official_status_in_India&oldid
=1135743156"
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Languages With Official Status in India - Wikipedia

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Languages with

There is no national language in

Constitutionally recognised languages of India

Assamese · Bengali · Bodo · Dogri · Gujarati

Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India

States can specify their own official

The legal framework governing the use of

Official: West Bengal,

Indo-Aryan, Official: Jammu and

Official: Andaman and

Indo-Aryan, Pradesh, Jammu and

7. Kannada Dravidian 43.7 Official: Karnataka kn

Indo-Aryan, Official: Jammu and

Indo-Aryan, Official: Maharashtra

Official: Tamil Nadu,

Official: Jammu and

The Indian constitution, in 1950, declared

In late 1964, an attempt was made to

Parliamentary proceedings and laws

The Indian constitution distinguishes the

In contrast, the constitution requires the

The constitution provides, and the

The Official Language Act provides that

Besides, every person submitting a

Various steps have been taken by the

In 2016, the government announced plans

The Indian constitution does not specify

Legislature and administration

The constitutional provisions in relation to

The state has the right to regulate the use

Besides, the constitution grants the central

States have significantly less freedom in

List of official languages by states and

List of official languages of states of India

3. Assam Assamese,[68] Bodo Bengali in three districts of Barak Valley,[69]

4. Bihar Hindi[70] Urdu[70]

5. Chhattisgarh Hindi[71] Chhattisgarhi[72][73]

6. Goa Konkani, English[74] Marathi[75]: 27 [76]

7. Gujarat Gujarati[77] Hindi[77]

8. Haryana Hindi[78] English,[75] Punjabi[79]

Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia,

11. Karnataka Kannada English

12. Kerala Malayalam English

14. Maharashtra Marathi[84]

15. Manipur Manipuri[85] English

16. Meghalaya English[86] Khasi and Garo[87]

17. Mizoram Mizo, English[88]

18. Nagaland English

19. Odisha Odia[89]

20. Punjab Punjabi[75]

21. Rajasthan Hindi

23. Tamil Nadu Tamil English

24. Telangana Telugu Urdu[91][92]

26. Uttar Pradesh Hindi Urdu[96]

27. Uttarakhand Hindi Sanskrit

Nepali in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-

List of official languages of Union

Andaman and Nicobar

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and

4. Delhi Hindi, English[67] Urdu, Punjabi[104]

5. Lakshadweep English, Hindi[105][106]

Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi,