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Theory of Structures-2 2nd Term - Ch-3: The Slope-Deflection Method - Sway Cases
Chapter Three
Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures by the
Slope-Deflection Method, Sway Cases
3. Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Beams and Frames with Joint
Translation by the Slope-Deflection Method, (Sway Cases):
3.1. Introduction:
In such cases the displacements of the joints must be considered; if the translation
of one joint is given or assumed, the translation of all other joints can be deduced
from it; this may be performed by drawing the displacement diagram to make
relationships between the translations of all other joints with respect to the
translation of one joint.
Since the number of the unknowns have increased, apply moment equilibrium at
the joints will not be enough to find all the unknowns, therefore an additional
equation is needed for that purpose, this equation will be the shear equation,
which is the summation of moment around the point of intersection of all axial
forces.
3.2. The displacement diagram and Shear Equations for Different Types of
Sway Cases Frames:
1) A frame with a fixed support and a roller support, as shown in figure.
The shear equation will be (∑Fx=0) because there is no axial force at the roller
support at point (C).
∆ B’ C ∆ C’
B
4m
A
6m
members AB BC
∆ +∆ 0
2) In structures that have parallel end members, the displacement of the parallel
members will be the same and the middle member will have zero displacement.
∆ B’ C ∆ C’
B
4m
A D
6m
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-1)

members AB BC CD
∆ +∆ 0 +∆
Shear Equation (∑Fx=0)
VD
D
B ∆ C ∆
A
VA
members AB BC CD
∆ +∆ 0 -∆
Shear Equation (∑F =0)
3) In structures that have non-parallel end members, the displacement of the

members will be different, and the displacement diagram must be drawn to
relate the displacements for all members, and the shear equation is the
summation of moment around the point of intersection of all axial forces.
3.2.1. Steps to Draw the Displacement Diagram:

The displacement diagram for rigid frames with one degree of freedom of joint
translation, such as the frame illustrated in the
C 
figure, is drawn using the following steps:
B ∆ C B’
1) Start from one of the fixed members, B C
(hinged or fixed), such as member (AB), B’ B’
and draw a perpendicular line starting from
point (B) with a distance equal to (∆), to the A D
point ( B ).
2) From the end of the (∆) drawn, point ( B ), draw a line equal and parallel to the
next member, (BC), at the end of that line, point ( C  ), draw a line
perpendicular to it.
3) Search for another fixed member, such as member (CD), and draw a line
perpendicular to it at its unfixed end, (C), the point of intersection of that line
with the last line drawn in step 2 above will be the final location for the last
point in the displacement diagram, ( C  ), the displacement diagram is ( CC C  ).
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-2)
4) In the displacement diagram:

− ( CC  ), represent the displacement of member (AB).
− ( CC  ), represent the displacement of member (CD).
− ( C C  ), represent the displacement of member (BC).
5) The sign of the displacement, (∆), is positive if it rotates the member clockwise
and is negative if it rotates the member counterclockwise. The sign for the
fixed members is taken from the member to the new location, while for the
middle member the sign is taken from the parallel line to the new location.
Important Note:
To know which joint will have a translation, (∆), it should be known that any
joint connected to two supported members, with unmovable supports, not on
the same line of action, is considered fixed and with no translation.
Ex: (3-1):
Analyze the beam shown in figure using the slope-deflection method.
16 kN
12 kN/m
A C
I B 2I
∆
2m 2m 6m
Solution:
1) There are no determinate portions is the structure.
2) Divide the structure into members based on changing of direction, I and the
existing of internal joints or supports.
The structure is divided into the following members: AB and BC.
3) Identify unknown deformations, rotations, and displacements, in the structure.
The unknown deformations are: θB-L, θB-R and ∆.
4) Find the Fixed End Moments, FEM, for each member of the structure, due to
external effects.
M AB )F = −
PL
=−
(16 )(4 ) = −8 kN .m
8 8
M BA )F =+
PL
=+
(16 )(4 ) = +8 kN .m
8 8
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-3)

M BC )F = −
wL2
=−
(12 )(6 ) = −36 kN .m
2
12 12
M BC )F = +
wL2
=+
(12 )(6 ) = +36 kN .m
2
12 12
5) Calculate (K rel) and (∆ rel).
Members AB BC Members
I/L I/4 2I/6  12 
 
Krel 3 4  I 
∆/L +∆/4 -∆/6

(12)
∆rel +3∆ -2∆
6) Find the End Moments for each member of the structure, by applying the
slope-deflection equations.
(
M AB = M AB )F + K rel 2 A +  B − L −  rel ) = −8 + 3 (0 +  − (3 ))B− L …… (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B− L +A −  rel ) = 8 + 3 (2 + 0 − (3 ))

B− L …… (2)
( )
M BC = M BC )F + K rel 2 B − R +  C −  rel = −36 + 4 (2 B − R + 0 − (− 2  )) …… (3)
(
M CB = M CB )F + K rel 2 C +  B − R −  rel ) = 36 + 4 (0 +  B− R − (− 2  )) …… (4)
7) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int =0 . )

The joints needed are: B-Left and B-Left.
Joint B-Left: MAB 16 kN
M
12 kN/m
B− L = 0  M BA = 0
VA A C VC
8 + 3 (2 B − L − (3 )) = 0
B
MCB
...... (a )
MAB
6 B − L − 9  = −8 16 kN
VA A B
Joint B-Right: 12 kN/m
M B− R = 0  M BC = 0 B C VC
− 36 + 4 (2 B − R + 2  ) = 0 MCB
8 B − R + 8  = 36 ...... (b )
8) Apply the shear equation, ( F y =0 . )

F y =0 + ( )
V A − 16 − (12 ) (6 ) + VC = 0
V A + VC = 88
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-4)

M B =0
M AB + 4V A − 16  2 = 0
M AB
VA = 8 −
4
M B =0
M CB − 6VC + 12  6  3 = 0
M CB
Vc = 36 +
6
V A + VC = 88
 M M 
 8 − AB + 36 + CB = 88   12
 4 6 
( ) ( )
− 3 − 8 + 3 ( B − L − 3 ) + 2 36 + 4 ( B − R + 2  ) = 528
− 9 B − L + 8 B − R + 43 = 432 ...... (c )
9) Solve for unknown deformations.

Solving a, b and c gives θB-L, θB-R and ∆:
θB = 25.46, θC = -13.36 and ∆ = 17.86
Then substitute these deformations into the slope-deflection equations to find the
end moments for each member.
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-5)

Ex: (3-2):
Analyze the frame shown in figure using the slope-deflection method; write the
final equations without solving them.
10 kN
3 kN/m C D
I
I
4m
2I 5m
A
3m 2m 2m
Solution:
1) There is no determinate portions is the structure.
The structure is divided into the following members: AB, BC, and CD.
The unknown deformations are: θB, θC, θD and ∆.
external effects.
M AB )F =−
wL2
=−
(3 )(5 ) = −6.25 kN .m
2
12 12
M BA )F =+
wL 2
=+
(3 )(5 )2 = +6.25 kN .m
12 12
M BC )F = −
wL2
=−
(3 )(4 ) = −4 kN .m
2
12 12
M CB )F = +
wL 2
=+
( 3 )(4 )
2
= +4 kN .m
12 12
M CD )F = −
PL
=−
(10 )(4 ) = −5 kN .m
8 8
M DC )F = +
PL
=+
(10 )(4 )
= +5 kN .m
8 8
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-6)

5) Calculate (K rel):
Members AB BC CD
2I I I  20 
I/L  
5 5 4  I 
Krel 8 4 5
6) Calculate (∆ rel):
To find (∆ rel) for each member the displacement diagram must be drawn:
C 
C B’ D Displacement
∆ C Diagram
B’
C 
∆ B’
B B ∆BC=(-∆)
B’ ∆CD=(+3∆/5) 3
4
C C
∆AB=(+4∆/5)
4 B’
A
Members AB BC CD
+ (4 / 5 ) 4 − + (3 / 5 ) 3
∆/L =+ =+ (100 )
5 25 5 4 20
∆rel + 16 − 20 + 15
( )
M AB = M AB )F + K rel 2 A +  B −  rel = −6.25 + 8 (0 +  B − (16  )) …… (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +A −  rel ) = 6.25 + 8 (2 B + 0 − (16  )) …… (2)
( )
M BC = M BC )F + K rel 2 B +  C −  rel = −4 + 4 (2 B +  C − (− 20  )) …… (3)
(
M CB = M CB )F + K rel 2 C +  B −  rel ) = 4 + 4 (2 C +  B − (− 20  )) …… (4)
( )
M CD = M CD )F + K rel 2 C +  D −  rel = −5 + 5 (2 C +  D − (15  )) …… (5)
M DC = M DC )F + K rel (2 D +  C −  rel ) = +5 + 5 (2 D +  C − (15  )) …… (6)
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-7)

8) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int =0 .)

The joints needed to be checked are: B, C and D.
Joint B:
Joint C:
10 kN
Joint D: 3 kN/m O C D
VD
9) Apply the shear equation, ( M O )

=0 .
VA
Member AB:
VC 10 kN VD
 MB = 0 Member CD M
CD
D
M AB + M BA + 5V A − 3  5  2.5 = 0 C
M M
VD
V A = 7.5 − AB − BA
MBA
5 5 VB
B
3 kN/m
Member CD:
MCD
Member AB
 MC = 0 M
M CD + 10  2 − 4VD = 0 Ae
m
M CD VA
VD = 5 + be
MAB M
4
er
9V A − 7VD = 71.5 MC m A
D beB
r
C
D
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-8)
9V A − 7VD = 71.5
9 
( ) (
 37.5 − − 6.25 + 8  B − 128  − 6.25 + 16  B − 128  
 − 7 
)
 20 − 5 + 10  C + 5 D − 75  
 = 71.5
 5   4 
  337.5 − 216 B + 2304    105 + 70  C + 35 D − 525   
  −   = 71.5  (20 )
   
 5 4  
(
4 (337.5 − 216 B + 2304  ) − 5 15 + 10  C + 5 D − 75  = 1430 )
− 864 B + 50 C − 25 D + 9591 = 1430 ...... (d )
V A + VC = 88
 M M 
 8 − AB + 36 + CB = 88   12
 4 6 
( ) ( )
− 3 − 8 + 3 ( B − L − 3 ) + 2 36 + 4 ( B − R + 2  ) = 528
− 9 B − L + 8 B − R + 43 = 432 ...... (c )
10) Solve for the unknown deformations, 4 unknowns and 4 equations.

Solving a, b, c and d gives θB, θC, θD and ∆
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-9)

Ex: (3-3):
Analyze the frame shown in figure using the slope-deflection method.
A
I B 3 kN/m
2I 4m
C
4m 3m
Solution:
1) There are no determinate portions is the structure.
The unknown deformations are: θB, θC, and ∆.
external effects.
M AB )F = M BA )F = 0 kN .m
M BC )F = −
wL2
=−
(3 )(4 ) = −4 kN .m
2
12 12
M CB )F =+
wL2
=+
( 3 )(4 )
2
= +4 kN .m
12 12
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-10)

( )
M AB = M AB )F + K rel 2 A +  B −  rel = 0 + 5 (0 +  B − 0 ) …… (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +A −  rel ) = 0 + 5 (2 B + 0 − 0) …… (2)
( )
M BC = M BC )F + K rel 2 B +  C −  rel = −4 + 8 (2 B +  C − 0.2  ) …… (3)
(
M CB = M CB )F + K rel 2 C +  B −  rel ) = 4 + 8 (2 C +  B − 0.2  ) …… (4)
8) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int )

=0 .
The joints needed to be checked are: B and C.
Joint B:
M B = 0  M BA + M BC = 0
10  + − 4 + 16
B B + 8 C − 1.6   = 0
26 B + 8 C − 1.6  = 4 ...... (a )
Joint C:
M C = 0  M CB = 0
4 + 8 (2 C +  B − 0.2  ) = 0
8 B + 16 C − 1.6  = −4 ...... (b )
9) Apply the shear equation, ( M B )
=0 . VA A
M B = 0  M AB + 4VA + 3  4  2 = 0 I B 3 kN/m
V
M AB + 4VA + 24 = 0 ...... (c ) MAB A
2I 4m
Member AB: VA
M B = 0  M AB + 4VA + M BA = 0
VA C
4m 3m
...... (d )
M M
V A = − AB − BA RC
4 4
Substitute Eq. (d) into Eq. (c) leads to:
 M M  VA A MBA
M AB + 4  − AB − BA  + 24 = 0  M BA = 24 kN .m B
 4 4 
Substitute the value of MBA into Eq. (2) leads to: MAB 4m
M BA = 10 B   B = 24 10 = 2.4
Substitute the value of θB into Eq. (a) and Eq. (b) then solve to find θC and ∆.
26 (2.4 ) + 8 C − 1.6  = 4 ...... (a )
8(2.4 ) + 16 C − 1.6  = −4 ...... (b )
8 C − 1.6  = −58.4 ...... (a )  = 4.4
 C
16 C − 1.6  = −23.2 ...... (b )  = 58.5
Substitute the value of θB, θC and ∆ into the slope-deflection equation to find
the end moments.
M AB = 5 B = 5(2.4 ) = 12 kN .m CW , M BA = 24 kN .m CW
M BC = −4 + 16 (2.4 ) + 8(4.4 ) − 1.6 (58.5 ) = −24 kN .m CCW
M CB = 4 + 16 (4.4 ) + 8(2.4 ) − 1.6 (58.5 ) = 0
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-11)

Ex: (3-4):
10 kN E
12 kN/m C 1.5 m
2I 3I 3m
D
B
I 3m
A
4m 3m
Solution:
1) The structure has one determinate portion which is the cantilever (CE),
transform the effect of portion (CE) to the remaining structure.
Portion (CE):
M C =0 + 10 kN E
10  1.5 − M CE = 0 1.5 m
VC C MCE
M CE = 15 kN .m CCW
2) Divide the remaining structure into MCE=15 kN.m
12 kN/m VC=10 kN
members.
The structure is divided into the 2I C 3I
3m
following members: AB, BC and D
B
CD. I 3m
3) Identify unknown deformations, A
rotations and displacements, in the 4m 3m
structure.
The unknown deformations are: θB, θC, θD and ∆.
external effects.
M AB )F =−
wL2
=−
(12 )(3 ) = −9 kN .m
2
12 12
M BA )F =+
wL 2
=+
(12 )(3 )
2
= +9 kN .m
12 12
M BC )F = −
wL 2
=−
(12 )(3 )
2
= −9 kN .m
12 12
M CB )F =+
wL2
=+
(12 )(3 )2 = +9 kN .m
12 12
M CD )F = M DC )F = 0 kN .m
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-12)

AB = CC  = + ve , CD = CC  = + ve , and BC = C C  = −ve
CC  CC  C C 
= = C 
sin C  sin C  sin C
 AB  − BC ∆CD=(+) B’ ∆BC=(-)
= CD = 34
sin 82 sin 53 sin 45 3 3
C
C
Let ∆AB=∆ C  ∆AB=(+) B’

=
CD
=
− BC C B’ C   3
C =  tan − 1  = 45 o
0.99 0.8 0.707 B’  3
0.8 3
 CD =  = 0.808  3 3  4
0.99 B 4 D C  =  tan − 1  = 53 o
B  3
0.707
 BC =−  = −0.714  C  = 180 − (53 + 45) = 82o
0.99 A
( )
M AB = M AB )F + K rel 2 A +  B −  rel = −9 + 0.333 (0 +  B − (0.333  )) …… (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +A −  rel ) = 9 + 0.333 (2 B + 0 − (0.333  )) …… (2)
( )
M BC = M BC )F + K rel 2 B +  C −  rel = −9 + 0.4 (2 B +  C − (− 0.143 )) …… (3)
(
M CB = M CB )F + K rel 2 C +  B −  rel ) = 9 + 0.4 (2 C +  B − (− 0.143  )) …… (4)
( )
M CD = M CD )F + K rel 2 C +  D −  rel = 0 + 0.707 (2 C +  D − (0.191 )) …… (5)
M DC = M DC )F + K rel (2 D +  C −  rel ) = 0 + 0.707 (2 D +  C − (0.191 )) …… (6)
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-13)


The joints needed to be checked are: B, C and D.
MCE=15 kN.m
12 kN/m VC=10 kN
2I C 3I
3m
D
B
I 3m
A
4m 3m
Joint B:
M B = 0  M BA + M BC = 0
9 + 0.333 (2 B  
− 0.333 ) + − 9 + 0.4 (2 B +  C + 0.143 ) = 0 
1.466 B + 0.4 2 C − 0.054 = 0 ...... (a )
Joint C:
M C = 0  M CB + M CD = 15
9 + 0.4 (2 C  
+  B + 0.143  ) + 0 + 0.707 (2 C +  D − 0.191 ) = 0 
0.4 B + 2.214 C + 0.707  D − 0.078  = 6 ...... (b )
Joint D:
M D = 0  M DC = 0
0 + 0.707 (2 D +  C − 0.191 ) = 0
0.707  C + 1.414 D − 0.135  = 0 ...... (c )

=0 .
Some distances need to be obtained, y1 and y2.
y1 4
=  y1 = 4 , y2 = 4 2 = 5.657
y1 + 3 7
M O =0
6 
15 + 10V A + M AB − 7 2VD − 12  6   + 4  − 10  4 = 0
2 
10V A + M AB − 7 2VD = 529 ......(d )
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-14)

Member AB:
M B = 0  M AB + 3VA + M BA − 12  3  1.5 = 0
...... (e )
M AB M BA
VA = − − + 18
3 3
Member CD:
M C = 0  M CD − 3 2 VD = 0
...... ( f )
M CD
VD =
3 2
Substitute Eqs. (e) and (f) into Eq. (d) leads to:
 M M  M 
10  − AB − BA + 18  + M AB − 7 2  CD  = 529
 3 3  3 2
 10 M AB 10 M BA 7 M CD 
− − + 180 + M AB − = 529   3
 3 3 3 
− 10 M AB − 10 M BA + 540 + 3 M AB − 7 M CD = 1587
− 7 M AB − 10 M BA − 7 M CD = 1047
( ( )) ( ) (
− 7 − 9 + 0.333  B − 0.333  − 10 9 + 0.333 (2 B − 0.333 ) − 7 0.707 (2 C +  D − 0.191 ) = 1047 )
− 8.991 B − 9.898 C − 4.949 D + 2.8304 = 1074 ......( g )
Solving a, b, c and g gives θB, θC, θD and ∆
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-15)

Ex: (3-5):
10 kN/m
D
B C
4m
A E F
3m 4m 4m 3m 3m
Solution:
10 kN/m 10 kN/m MDC
1) The structure has two Cx
determinate portions, the B C C D
portion with roller support 4m
(ABC) and the cantilever Cy Cy Dy
A
(CD), transform the effect
of portion (CE) to the 3m 4m 7m
remaining structure.
Ay
Portion (ABC):
M C =0 10 kN/m
Cx
7 Ay − 10  7  3.5 = 0 B C
Ay = 35 kN 
F y =0 +( ) A
Cy
Ay − 10  7 + C y = 0
C y = 35 kN  3m 4m
F x = 0 (→ + )  C x = 0 kN Ay
Portion (CD): 10 kN/m MDC

C y = 35 kN 
C D
 MD = 0 +  M DC − 7 C y − 10  7  3.5 = 0
4m
M DC = 490 kN .m CW Cy Dy
F y =0 +( )
− C y − 10  7 + D y = 0 7m
D y = 105 kN 
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-16)

So, the structure after removing the determinate parts will be as shown below:
MDC=490 kN.m Dy=105 kN↓
D
4m
E F
3m 3m
2) Identify the indeterminate portions:

The structure is divided into the following members: DE and DF.
3) Identify the unknown deformations, rotations, and displacements, in the
structure.
The unknown deformations are: θD, θF and ∆.
external effects.
Since the external loads are subjected on joint D, then the members ED
and DF has zero fixed end moments.
Members ED DF
I I 5
I/L  
5 5 I
Krel 1 1
To find (∆ rel) for each member the
displacement diagram must be drawn:
 DF = DD , (− ve ) and  DE = DD , (+ ve )
 (DDD ) is an Isosceles triangle having

(DD ) = ( DD )
  DE =  DF
Let  DE
=    DF
= −
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-17)

( )
M ED = M ED )F + K rel 2 E +  D −  rel = 0 + 1 (0 +  D −  ) …… (1)
M DE = M DE )F + K rel (2 D +E −  rel ) = 0 + 1 (2 D + 0 − ) …… (2)
( )
M DF = M DF )F + K rel 2 D +  F −  rel = 0 + 1 (2 D +  F +  ) …… (3)
(
M FD = M FD )F + K rel 2 F +  D −  rel ) = 0 + 1 (2 F + D + ) …… (4)

=0 .
The joints needed to be checked are: D and F.
Joint D:
M D = 0  M DE + M DF = −490
(2 D −  ) + (2 D +  F +  ) = 0
4 D +  F = −490 ...... (a )
Joint F:
M F = 0  M FD = 0
(2 F +  D +  ) = 0
 D + 2 F +  = 0 ...... (b )
9) Apply the shear equation, ( M E =0 .)

M E =0
M ED + 3  105 − 490 − 6 RF = 0
M ED − 6 RF = 175 ......(c )
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-18)

Member DF:
M DF
M D = 0  M DF − 3 RF = 0  RF =
3
Substitute the value of RF into Eq. (c) leads to:
M 
M ED − 6  DF  = 175
 3 
( D −  ) − 2 (2 D +  F +  ) = 175
− 3 D − 2 F − 3  = 175 ......(d )

Solving a, b and d gives θD, θF and ∆.
 D = −133.44 , F = 43.75 and  = 45.94
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-19)

Ex: (3-6):
Solution:
1) The structure has no determinate portions.
2) Identify the indeterminate portions: The structure is divided into the
following members: AB, BC, CD and CE.
3) Identify the unknown deformations, rotations, and displacements, in the
structure. The unknown deformations are: θB-L, θB-R θC, θE and ∆.
external effects.
Only member BC has fixed end moments all other members has zero fixed
end moments.
wL2 (3 ) (5 ) 2
M BC )F =− =− = −6.25 kN .m
12 12
wL2 (3 ) (5 )2
M CB )F =+ =+ = +6.25 kN .m
12 12
Members AB BC CD CE
I I 2I 3I  20 
I/L  
4 5 5 5  I 
Krel 5 4 8 12
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-20)

The deformation for this structure will be drawn in two stages:
− Stage-1: is the ( CC C  ) where (CC  ) and (C C  ) represent the deformations
of members CD and CE respectively.
− Stage-2: is to starts from the last deformation drawn in stage-1, (CC  ) , and is
represented by the triangle ( BBB ) where (BB ) , (BB ) and (BB )
represent the deformations of members CD, AB and BC respectively.
To connect the two stages together let the last deformation from stage-1, (CC  ) ,
and the first from stage-2, (BB ) , which represents the deformation of member
(CD) be equal to (∆).
 (CC C  ) is an Isosceles triangle having (CC  ) = (C C  )
 CD =  CE =  (− ve )
 (BBB ) is a right-angle triangle having (BB =  )
 AB  CD  
 AB =   AB =  (+ ve )
4
=
4 5 4 5 5
 BC  CD  BC 
 (+ ve )
3
=  =  BC
=
3 5 3 5 5
D C 4 4 C
∆CD=(-) 3 ∆CEB’
=(-)
3 E CACB’
C

B’ B’D BB’
B C
C
B’ B’
C  B’ B’
4 B’
B’ E B’
A E
B’ B’
4
B’ C
∆AB=(+)
∆C
BB’ 4 B D
E=(
∆CD=(-) 3 B’
∆BC=(+)
∆C B B
-)
D= B’ B B’ C
(-) C 
B
B’ B’
A B’ E
B’ B’
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-21)

Members AB BC CD CE
+ (4 5 )   + (3 5 )  3 − −
∆/L =+ = (25 )
4 5 5 25 5 5
∆rel + 5 + 3 − 5 − 5
( )
M AB = M AB )F + K rel 2 A +  B −  rel = 0 + 5 (0 +  B − 5  ) = 5 B − 25  …… (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +A −  rel ) = 0 + 5 (2 + 0 − 5 ) = 10 − 25 …… (2)
B B
M BC = M BC )F + K rel (2 B + C −  rel ) = −6.25 + 4 (2 +  − 3 ) = −6.25 + 8 + 4 − 12

B C B C
…… (3)
(
M CB = M CB )F + K rel 2 C +  B −  rel ) = 6.25 + 4 (2 C +  B − 3 ) = 6.25 + 8 C + 4 B − 12 
…… (4)
(
M CD = M CD )F + K rel 2 C +  D −  rel ) = 0 + 8 (2 C + 0 − (− 5  )) = 16 C + 40 
…… (5)
(
M DC = M DC )F + K rel 2 D +  C −  rel ) = 0 + 8 (0 +  C − (− 5  )) = 8 C + 40 
…… (6)
(
M CE = M CE )F + K rel 2 C +  E −  rel ) = 0 + 12 (2 C +  E − (− 5  )) = 24 C + 12 E + 60 
…… (7)
(
M EC = M EC )F + K rel 2 E +  C −  rel ) = 0 + 12 (2 E +  C − (− 5  )) = 24 E + 12 C + 60 
…… (8)
The joints needed to be checked are BL, BL, C and E.
D
4m 2I
3 kN/m
B
I C
4m I 3I
A E
5m 3m
Joint BL:
M B− L = 0  M BA = 0 
10 B − 25  = 0 ...... (a )
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-22)

Joint BR:
M B− R = 0  M BC = 0  −6.25 + 8 B + 4 C − 12  = 0
8 B + 4 C − 12  = 6.25 ...... (b )
Joint C:
M C = 0  M CB + M CD + M CE = 0
(6.25 + 8 C + 4 B − 12  ) + (16 C + 40  ) + (24 C + 12 E + 60  ) = 0
4 B + 48 C + 12 E + 88  = −6.25 ...... (c )
Joint E: VD
M E = 0  M EC = 0  24 E + 12 C + 60  = 0
D MDC
12 C + 24 E + 60  = 0 ...... (d ) 2I
4m
9) Apply the shear equation, ( M O =0 .) 3 kN/m
B C
Some distances need to be obtained, y and z. I
VF
4+ y 4 8 4m I
=  y= 3I
5 3 3 A z E
4+ y 4 4 + (8 3 ) 4 25 VA
=  = z= y 5m
z 5 z 5 3 3m
MAB RE
8  25  O
M AB − V A +  5 +  VD + M DC + 3  5  2.5 − 8 RE = 0
3  3 
M AB − 2.67V A + 13.33VD + M DC − 8 RE = −37.5 ......(e )
Relationships between VA, VD and RE must be obtained

Member AB for VA:
M B =0
M AB
M AB + 4V A = 0  V A = −
4
Member CD for VD:
M C =0
− M DC − M CD
M DC + M CD + 5VD = 0  VD =
5
Member CE for RE:
M C =0
M CE
M CE − 3 RE = 0  RE =
3
Substitute the value of VA, VD and RE into Eq. (e) leads to:
 M   − M DC − M CD  M 
M AB − 2.67  − AB  + 13.33   + M DC − 8  CE  = −37.5 ......( f )
 4   5   3 
Solving a, b, c, d and f gives θB-L, θB-R, θC, θE and ∆.
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-23)
3.3. Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Frames having Displacement in One

or More Supports by the Slope-Deflection Method:
If one or more of the supports of a frame suffers from any kind of
displacement, then the displacement diagram will be drawn starting from the
given information, then the displacement of each member of the structure will
be determined, separately, with respect to each displacement given; the
displacement of each member of the structure will be the algebraic sum of the
displacement determined for each given displacement, following the same
previous procedure in drawing the displacement diagram; the displacements
determined will be considered as known information and will be used in
calculating the fixed end moments for each member and not as the unknowns
required, as will be shown in the following example:
Ex: (3-7):
Analyze the frame shown in figure using the slope-deflection method due to a
horizontal displacement of (2 cm) to the left and a vertical settlement of (1 cm)
downward of support A, noting that (EI= 104 kN.m2).
B 2I
C
4m I
A
2 cm 1 cm
3m 3m
Solution:
3) Identify the unknown deformations, rotations and displacements, in the
structure.
The unknown deformations are: θB.
external effects.
The external effect is the given displacement of support (A), horizontal
displacement of (2 cm) to the left and a vertical settlement of (1 cm)
downward.
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-24)

Draw the displacement diagram with respect to each given displacement to

obtain the displacement of each member:
− Horizontal displacement of (2 cm) to the left of support (A):
B B
∆AB=(+) B’ B’
∆BC=(+)
4
3 B B ∆BC=(+) C
B B B’
B’ B’ 4m
B’ 2 cm
A A
B’ 2B’
cm
B’
3m 3m
B’
 (BBB ) is a right-angle triangle having (BB = 2 cm )
 AB
= 0.025 (+ ve )
5 0.1
=   AB =
2 100 4 4

= 0.015 (+ ve )
3 0.06
BC
=  BC
=
2 100 4 4
− Vertical downward displacement, settlement, of (1 cm) of support (A):
B C
B
B B 4m
1 cm
1 cm
∆BC=(-)
3 B’ B’
A A
4
B’ 1 cm
B B
B’∆B’
AB = 0B’ B’ 3 m 3m
B’
For the vertical settlement,
B’ B’ (BB = 1 cm) :
(BB ) will represent the displacement of (BC), since (B ) is the same as
(B ) , then the displacement of (AB) will be equal to zero
 AB = 0
(BB ) will represent the displacement of (BC).
= 0.01(− ve )
1
 BC
=
100
Final displacement of members will be the algebraic sum of the
displacement determined for each given displacement:
 AB
= +0.025 + 0 = +0.025 ,  BC
= +0.015 + −0.01 = +0.005
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-25)

M AB )F = M BA )F = −
6 EI
= −
( )
6 10 4 (+ 0.025)
= −60 kN .m
L2 (5 )2
M BC )F = M CB )F = −
6 EI
= −
( )
6 2  10 4 (+ 0.005)
= −16.67 kN .m
L2 (6 )2
Members AB BC
I 2I I  15 
I/L =  
5 6 3  I 
Krel 3 5
M AB = M AB )F + K rel (2 A +  B ) = −60 + 3 (0 +  B ) = −60 + 3 B …… (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +  A ) = −60 + 3 (2 B + 0 ) = −60 + 6 B …… (2)
M BC = M BC )F + K rel (2 B +  C ) = −16.67 + 5 (2 B + 0 ) = −16.67 + 10 B …… (3)
M CB = M CB )F + K rel (2 C +  B ) = −16.67 + 5 (0 +  B ) = −16.67 + 5 B …… (4)

=0 .
The joint needed is: B

Joint B:
M B = 0  M BA M BC = 0
− 60 + 6 B  + − 16.67 + 10 B  = 0
16 B = 76.67   B = 4.8
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-26)

Ex: (3-8):
Analyze the frame shown in figure using the slope-deflection method due to the
external applied loads and a horizontal displacement of (1 cm) to the left of support
A, noting that (EI= 104 kN.m2).
D
I 5m
2 kN/m
B 2I C
4m
3I
A
1 cm
3m 3m
Solution:
2) Identify the indeterminate portions: D
The structure is divided into the following I 5m
members: AB, BC and CD. 2 kN/m
3) Identify the unknown deformations, rotations and B 2I C
displacements, in the structure. 4m
The unknown deformations are: θB, θC and ∆. 3I
A
4) Find the FEM for each member of the structure, 1 cm
due to external effects. 3m 3m
The external effect is the applied uniformly
distributed load on member (BC) and a given horizontal displacement of
(1 cm) to the left of support (A).
Draw the displacement diagram with respect to the given displacement to
obtain the displacement of each member:
− Horizontal displacement of (1 cm) to the left of support (A):
1) Start with the given displacement, horizontal displacement of (1 cm) to the
left of support (A) at point ( A ) .
2) From ( A ) draw a line equal and parallel to (AB) ends at (B ) .
3) Draw a line perpendicular to ( A B ) at its end, (B ) .
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-27)

4) Search for another fixed member next to (AB), if there wasn’t any, assume
that the next member, (BC), is fixed at (C), then draw a line perpendicular to
(BC ) at its unfixed end, (B).
5) The intersection of the two perpendicular lines drawn in steps 3 and 4 above
will represent the point (B ) .
B
∆AB=(+) B’ D
3 ∆BC=(+)
4 B
I 5m
B B
B’ 1 cm B’ B’ 2 kN/m
B
B’ B 2I C
B’ B’ 4m
3I
A A
B’
B’ 1 cm
3m 3m
B’

= 0.0125 (+ ve )
5 0.05
AB
=  AB
=
1 100 4 4

= 0.0075 (+ ve )
3 0.03
BC
=  BC
=
1 100 4 4
M AB )F = M BA )F = −
6 EI
= −
( )
6 3  10 4 (+ 0.0125)
= −90 kN .m
L2 (5 )2
M BC )F = −
wL2 6 EI
− = −
2
−
4
(
2(6 ) 6 2  10 (+ 0.0075) )
= −6 − 25 = −31 kN .m
12 L2 12 (6 )2
M CB )F = +
wL 2
6 EI
− 2 =+
2
−
4
(
2(6 ) 6 2  10 (+ 0.0075) )
= +6 − 25 = −19 kN .m
12 L 12 (6 )2
MCD )F = M DC )F = 0
Members AB BC CD
3I 2I I I  60 
I/L =  
5 6 3 4  I 
Krel 36 20 15
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-28)

C  ∆CD=(+) C
B’ 4 D
∆BC=(-) 3
∆AB=(-)
C
B’
B’ B C  C
B’
B
B’ B’ C
B’
B’A
B’
 AB
= CC  , (− ve ) ,  BC
= C C  , (− ve ) and  CD = CCB’
 , (+ ve )
 (CC C  ) is a right-angle triangle:
Let  AB
=
3 4
 AB
= − ,  BC
=−  and  CD = + 
5 5
Members AB BC CD
−
 (− 3 5 ) = −  (+ 4 5 ) = +  (10 )
∆/L
5 6 10 4 5
∆rel − 2 − + 2
(
M AB = M AB )F + K rel 2 A +  B −  rel
)
...... (1)
M AB = −90 + 36 (0 +  B + 2  ) = −90 + 36 B + 72 
(
M BA = M BA )F + K rel 2 B +  A −  rel )
...... (2)
M BA = −90 + 36 (2 B + 2  ) = −90 + 72 B + 72 
(
M BC = M BC )F + K rel 2 B +  C −  rel
)
...... (3)
M BC = −31 + 20 (2 B +  C +  ) = −31 + 40 B + 20 C + 20 
(
M CB = M CB )F + K rel 2 C +  B −  rel
)
...... (4)
M CB = −19 + 20 (2 C +  B +  ) = −19 + 20 B + 40 C + 20 
(
M CD = M CD )F + K rel 2 C +  D −  rel
)
...... (5)
M CD = 0 + 15 (2 C + 0 − 2  ) = 30 C − 30 
(
M DC = M DC )F + K rel 2 D +  C −  rel
)
...... (6)
M DC = 0 + 15 (0 +  C − 2  ) = 15 C − 30 
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-29)


=0 .
The joints needed are: B and C

Joint B:
M B = 0  M BA + M BC = 0
− 90 + 72 B + 72   + − 31 + 40 B + 20 C + 20   = 0
112 B + 20 C + 92  = 121 ......(a )
Joint C:
M C = 0  M CB + M CD = 0
− 19 + 20 B + 40 C + 20   + 30 C − 30   = 0
20 B + 70 C − 10  = 19 ......(b )

=0 .
Some distances need to be obtained, (y) and (z). MDC
4+ y 4 VD
=  y=4 MC
6 3 D MCD
5+z 5 D
I 5m
= z=5
6 3 2 kN/m
M O =0
M AB − 5V A − 2  6  3 − 13VD + M DC = 0 B 2I C
M AB − 5V A − 13VD + M DC = 36 ......(c ) 3I
4m
A
VA
Member AB: MCMAB z y
 MB = 0 D
O
M AB + M BA + 5V A = 0 MC
M M 3m 3m
V A = − AB − BA D
5 5
Member CD:
M C =0
M DC + M CD − 4VD = 0
M DC M CD
VD = +
4 4
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-30)

 M M  M M 
M AB − 5 − AB − BA  − 13 DC + CD  + M DC = 36
 5 5   4 4 
13 13
M AB + M AB + M BA − M DC − M CD + M DC = 36
4 4
 9 13 
 2 M AB + M BA − M DC − M CD = 36  → 4
 4 4 
8 M AB + 4 M BA − 9 M DC − 13 M CD = 144
8(− 90 + 36 B + 72 ) + 4(− 90 + 72 B + 72 ) − 9(15 C − 30 ) − 13(30 C − 30 ) = 144
576 B − 525 C + 1524 = 1224 ......(d )

Solving a, b, and d gives θB, θC, and ∆.
 B = 0.44 , C = 0.25 and  = 0.72
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-31)

Ex: (3-9): Previous Final Exam-2000

Find the reactions of the frame shown in figure using the slope-deflection method
noting that there is a vertical settlement of (12 mm) at the fixed end (A) in addition
to the applied loading, (EI= 104 kN.m2).
15 kN I 3m
D
B
2I 3m
A
2m 4m
Solution:
1) The structure has one determinate portion, the cantilever DB, after removing it
and transforming the effect on the structure the frame will be as follows:
C
15 kN
I 3m
30 kN.m B
2I 3m
A
4m

3) Identify the unknown in the structure.

The unknown deformation is: θB.
4) Find the FEM for each member of the structure, due to external effects.
The external effect is a given vertical settlement of (12 mm) of support (A).
Draw the displacement diagram with respect to the given displacement to
obtain the displacement of each member to calculate the FEM.
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-32)

C
B
∆BC=(-)
4 B
12 mm 3 B B
4 B’ B B’
∆AB=(+) A
B
B’
12 mm
B’ B’ B’
B’ A
B’
B’
 (BBB ) is an isosceles triangle, with BB = BB .
B’
 AB
= 0.0075 (+ ve )
5 0.03
=   AB =
6 1000 4 4

= 0.0075 (− ve )
5 0.03
BC
=  BC
=
6 1000 4 4
M AB )F = M BA )F = −
6 EI
= −
(
6 2  10 4 (+ 0.0075))= −36 kN .m
L2 (5 )2
M BC )F = M CB )F = −
6 EI
= −
(
6 1  10 4 (− 0.0075))= 18 kN .m
L2 (5 )2
Members AB BC
I/L 2I 5 I 5 (5 I )
Krel 2 1
M AB = M AB )F + K rel (2 A +  B ) = −36 + 2 (0 +  B ) = −36 + 2 B ...... (1)
M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +  A ) = −36 + 2 (2 B + 0 ) = −36 + 4 B ...... (2)
M BC = M BC )F + K rel (2 B +  C ) = 18 + 1 (2 B + 0 ) = 18 + 2 B ...... (3)
M CB = M CB )F + K rel (2 C +  B ) = 18 + 1 (0 +  B ) = 18 +  B ...... (4)

The joint needed is: B
Joint B:
M B = 0  M BA + M BC = −30
− 36 + 4 B  + 18 + 2 B  = −30
6 B = −12   B = −2
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-33)

8) Substitute in the SDE, 1-4, to find the end moments:

M AB = −36 + 2 B = −36 + 2(− 2 ) = −40 kN .m CCW
M BA = −36 + 4 B = −36 + 4(− 2 ) = −44 kN .m CCW
M BC = 18 +  B = 18 + (− 2 ) = 16 kN .m CW
M CB = 18 + 2 B = 18 + 2(− 2 ) = 14 kN .m CW
9) Apply equilibrium equations on the whole structure to find the reactions:

The whole structure:
M C = 0  M CB − M AB − 30 − (15  4 ) + 6 Ax = 0 Cx
C MCB
16 − 40 − 30 − 60 + 6 Ax = 0  Ax = 19 kN  15 kN
F x = 0 → +  − Ax + C x = 0  C x = 19 kN → I Cy 3 m
30 kN.m B
2I 3m
A
4m
Ay Ax
MAB
CB as FBD:
M B = 0  M BC + M CB + 3C x − 4C y = 0  14 + 16 + 3(19 ) − 4C y = 0  C y = 21.75 kN 
C Cx
MCB
Cy
MBC B
The whole structure:
F y ( )
= 0  +  −15 − Ay + C y = 0  −15 − Ay + 21.75 = 0  Ay = −6.75 = 6.75 kN 
Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-34)

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Theory of Structures-2 2nd Term - Ch-3: The Slope-Deflection Method - Sway Cases

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-1)

3) In structures that have non-parallel end members, the displacement of the

3.2.1. Steps to Draw the Displacement Diagram:

4) In the displacement diagram:

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-3)

5) Calculate (K rel) and (∆ rel).

∆/L +∆/4 -∆/6

M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B− L +A −  rel ) = 8 + 3 (2 + 0 − (3 ))

7) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int =0 . )

8) Apply the shear equation, ( F y =0 . )

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-4)

9) Solve for unknown deformations.

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-5)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-6)

∆rel + 16 − 20 + 15

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-7)

8) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int =0 .)

9) Apply the shear equation, ( M O )

10) Solve for the unknown deformations, 4 unknowns and 4 equations.

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-9)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-10)

8) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int )

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-11)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-12)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-13)

8) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int =0 . )

9) Apply the shear equation, ( M O )

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-14)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-15)

Portion (CD): 10 kN/m MDC

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-16)

MDC=490 kN.m Dy=105 kN↓

2) Identify the indeterminate portions:

 (DDD ) is an Isosceles triangle having

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-17)

8) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int )

9) Apply the shear equation, ( M E =0 .)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-18)

11) Solve for the unknown deformations, 3 unknowns and 3 equations.

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-19)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-20)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-21)

M BC = M BC )F + K rel (2 B + C −  rel ) = −6.25 + 4 (2 +  − 3 ) = −6.25 + 8 + 4 − 12

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-22)

Relationships between VA, VD and RE must be obtained

3.3. Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Frames having Displacement in One

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-24)

Draw the displacement diagram with respect to each given displacement to

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-25)

M BA = M BA )F + K rel (2 B +  A ) = −60 + 3 (2 B + 0 ) = −60 + 6 B …… (2)

M BC = M BC )F + K rel (2 B +  C ) = −16.67 + 5 (2 B + 0 ) = −16.67 + 10 B …… (3)

M CB = M CB )F + K rel (2 C +  B ) = −16.67 + 5 (0 +  B ) = −16.67 + 5 B …… (4)

7) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int )

The joint needed is: B

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-26)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-27)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-28)

Q-L (2022-2023) (Ch 3-29)

9) Apply moment equilibrium at each joint, ( M Jo int )

The joints needed are: B and C

10) Apply the shear equation, ( M O )