Fishing System Reviewer for Midterms Inland Fishing Gear- cover pot, fish trap, lift

net, fish trap, pole-and-line, push net, skimming net,

Fishery -all the activities connected with the securing of cover net, gillnet, dredge, cast net, among others.
animal and vegetable products from the earth waters.
BOAT CLASSIFICATION
Destructive Fishing Methods- Dynamite, Cyanide
 Non-motorized type – 3-7 m /GT 0.1-0.2/
fishing and Fine mesh net.
 Motorized type – 5-18 m / GT 0.5 – 2.9/
Fisheries sector classified into two: Capture Fisheries
and Aquaculture

Republic Act (RA) 8550- Philippine Fishery Code of1998

– Amended by RA 10654

Capture Fisheries classified into three:

Municipal Fisheries – Traditional, artisanal and small-

scale fisheries. ( 3GT or less)

Commercial “ – All fishing operations that use of vessel

of over 3.1 GT and above

Commersial fisheries classified into three:

 Small scales – fishing vessels of 3.1 – 20 GT HISTORY OF FISHING GEARS
 Medium scales- “ “ of 20.1-150 GT 2nd halt of the 19th Century- Steam Driven Capstans
 Large scales- more than 150 GT
Evolution of fishing gears
Commercial fishing- needs (CFVL) commercial fishing Hands / Spears and lances / Line Fishing / Barriers /
vessel licensed from BFAR- renewal every 3 years Netting
Inland “ – operate enclosed freshwater areas ( lakes
and reservoirs using vessel of 3GT or less.) Seine net – mukot
Trawl – galadgad
Fishing Gear Troll – sibid-sibid
Passive Fishing Gear – Fish must seek out the gear Longline – Kitam
Active Fishing Gear – Gear must seek out the fish Drift Longline- Floating kitam
Life net – Salambaw
Allowed Fishing Gears Ring net- Pangulong
Purse seine -
✓1. will not deprive anyone of the use of the municipal Fishing corrals – Baklad
waters
✓2. will not harm coastal and marine habitat 4 FISHING GEAR CLASSIFICATION
✓3. will not deplete fish stock  Nets
✓4. will promote a balance in the marine and coastal  Traps and Barriers
ecosystem  Hooks and Lines
✓5. will not endanger the health and safety of the  Hand instruments
people NETS
 Gillnets - caught by "gilling" the
Not Allowed Gears - all other fishing gears that fail to fish is caught in one of the meshes of the
satisfy any of the above mentioned criteria. gillnet, normally by the gill region
Municipal Fishing Gear - gillnets, hook and line,  Trammel Nets - look like a gillnet. the gillnet has
traps/pots, cast nets, beach seine, and fish corral. a single panel of meshes, the trammel net has
Commericial Fishing Gear -ring net, trawl, handline, three - one middle panel of small meshes and
two side panels of larger meshes.
purse seine, bag net, and longline.
 TRAPS AND BARRIERS
Gear that is set or stationed in the water for a certain
period, regardless of the kind of material used for their
construction.
 Crab trap - A crab trap is a passive fishing
gear used mainly to trap crabs. It is composed of a
bamboo frame and netting material.
 Drive-in net - It is a dustpan-shaped net. The
front part of the net is laid along the seabed. the net is
closed by lifting the front end so the fish cannot escape.

 Fish Corral - A fish corral is a stationary

fishing gear that is primarily made of bamboo and
netting panels.

 Lift-net - A lift net has an opening which

faces upwards. The net is first submerged to a desired
depth and then lifted or hauled from the water.

 Barrier net - A barrier net targets fish that move

to the mangrove area during high tide.

 Push net- A push net is a "small

triangular fishing net with a rigid frame that is pushed
along the bottom in shallow waters.
The ebb phase is the outgoing phase, when the
tide drains away from the shore.
 Fish pot - A pot is a passive fishing gear that is
made of bamboo and netting. It works by luring
target organism into the enclosure.

 Seine net - A bag shaped net with two

wings, normally, the wings are larger than those of
trawl nets. The net is pulled towards a stationary boat
or onto a beach.
HOOKS AND LINES
The fish are attracted by the natural or artificial bait
(lures), hooked, and held by the mouth until they are
brought aboard the operating vessel which periodically
hauls the gear.
 Simple Handline - Handline fishing is the use of
a single hook attached at the end of the
weighted PA monofilament.
HAND INSTRUMENTS
One of the oldest form of fishing is gathering
shellfish by hand. Other types of fishing gears
under hand instruments are scoop, spear and
harpoon, dredge, modified scythe, and snare.
 Scoop Net - scoop net is a small fishing gear
made primarily of conical-shaped netting with a
bamboo frame and handle.

 Spears and Harpoons - is a spearlike weapon

 Multiple Handline - A multiple handline has
about 20-30 hooks attached to the mainline.
Fish is lured using baits.
with a barbed head used in hunting whales and
large fish while spear is a long stick with a sharp
tip used as a weapon for throwing or thrusting,
or anything used to make a thrusting motion.

 Dredge - A manual dredge resembles a scoop

net. This gear is dragged or pushed along the sea bed
usually to collect molluscs such as mussels, oysters,
scallops, clams, etc. knee to waist high waters.

 Bottom-set Longline - A bottom-set longline

consists of a PA monofilament mainline with
about 200-400 PA monofilament branchlines. Each
branchline has a single hook. Distance between
branchlines is about 1 m.
 Modified Scythe-modified scythe (karet) is used
to locate and unearth eel that has buried itself
in the substrate.
 Snare - By simply baiting your skewer hook,
which is a carved bone hook, and tying it to a
snare line one can catch fish unattended.
SPIRAL WRAPPED DESIGNED FISHING ROD “ACID-
WRAPPED” -It allows for a lighter build with better
overall balance and weight distribution throughout the
blank—resulting in more power and sensitivity from
your tackle system.
 LESS FATIGUE
 PERFECT BALANCE
 BETTER ALL-ROUND FISHING XP
 MORE POWER
CHAPTER 3- FISHING GEAR DESIGNS
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN FISHING GEAR DESIGN
Many factors enter into the choice of the fishing
method and gear used to catch particular species of fish
in a particular area.
1. The species being fished. -The various species
of commercially important fishes have different
habitates, movements and reactions to stimuli.
2. Individual value of the species. - Depending on
the way in which it is marketed and processed a
certain type of fish may have a high, medium or
low individual value.
3. The depth of water. - Fishing gear are designed
to be operated with in particular depths of
water as in the case of surface
4. The characteristics of the seabed. - Some types
of fishing gear like bottom trawls are
susceptible to damage due to hard, uneven or
rough sea beds.
FACTORS RELATING TO DESIGN OF FISHING GEAR
1. Kinds of fish aimed for
2. Sizes of fish School
3. Size and shape of fish body
4. Behaviour of fish School
5. Density of Schooling
6. Swimming speed of fish and School
7. Fish migration etc.
Fish behaviour in relation to fishing gear
the appetite of a certain species of fish for certain types
of bait makes it vulnerable to fishing by means of hooks.
Fishing Management
an unrestricted catch of spawning fish, finger lings and
young fish would destroy their stocks themselves.
Therefore, preventive measures against overfishing are
absolutely necessary for the maintenance and
preservation of various fisheries.
OVERFISHING
 Economically - it may mean that the fish density
has been reduced by fishing to the level where
the cost of a
particular quantity of the product is less than its sale
value.
• Biologically over fishing would mean taking more
catch per year than the maximum that the stock can
replace through breeding and growth.
Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) - The maximum
annual catch should be not more than the maximum
that will accrue to the population by way of breeding
and growth per year.
Mesh regulation - By mesh regulation, certain portions
of a population is protected by restrictions on the gear.
This is effected by fixing minimum sized meshes in the
cod end of trawls to allow escape of young juveniles.
Mesh size – 50% escape level
Selection: It is the mechanism by 'which fishes
with certain characteristics are captured and
others escape.
Selection Factor: Index related to escapement
factor expressing relation between 50% point and
the size of mesh involved.
SF= 50% / Average actual value of mesh size in mm
Selection ranges: Ranges in fish length over which
the gear exercises selection i.e. 25% to 75%
escape/retention
Selectivity: It is the selection properties of a fishing gear
and refers to the size of fish selected from the
population.
COD END – most important area of escape
Effect of Selective Fishing
- extinction of species of fishes
-imbalanced leading to depletion
Fishing Regulation
- Quota
- Closure of certain fishing areas
- Restriction of fishing to selected seasons
- Restriction to the size of fish being marketed
- Restriction on the size of vessels
- Restriction on the types of fishing gear used
Potential yields – average annual yield that can be
taken over a period of time.
Construction of Fishing Gears
- Only metres (m) and millimeters (mm)
Different Cutting Rates BASICS OF DESIGNING OF FISHING VESSELS

The design of a fishing vessel is done to meet the

requirement of the fisherman. The type of fishing,
number of days for fishing, capacity of fish store and
speed are very important. At the same time the vessel
designed and built should be economical for the owner
in terms of fuel consumption.

CRITERIA OF FISHING VESSELS

 Type of fishing and deck equipment
 Material
 Dimensions of the Boat
 Capacity and method of fish storage
 Speed of Vessel
 Draft of the vessel
 Hull Shape
 Other facilities such as accommodation, toilet
and galley
 Selection of machinery and equipment
 Safety Requirements
 Rules and Regulations

OVERALL BOAT DESIGN PROCESS

 Step 1 - The Design Statement.
 Step 2. The Conceptual Design Phase.
 Step 3 The Preliminary Design Phase.
 Step 4. The Detailed Design Phase.