it Nam :- Bashant Lakshakat Rou No.

O12)0SS

Pastitiorn of Intia

dn Augu I37, her, atc three hunded

In
years in India , the Bitith irally Jott, the
subeonhend tuxs Rathored to too
natisn atade: Uindu Ihdia and
Mualin Pakista. Trnmediakly, tha
&r of he geatst mioyahions
lions of Muam trakked
unan history
to et and Eayt Pakittan ahile ilions
ot ttd and 87khs eaded in the
dnechon Many hundhed ot thoande heuer
ahot 12 milon

becane reugees. Between hall a

million wee killed
million und a
Uio lenee Thii destruetie and

deat dealbng moment commonly xakAsad

to the Pasti ton ot Jhda.
 The fand tion o ndia in 13u7, ih Jod ty
the eeation o India
se erat nahono was a Jrezul af

hiatorical, folical, Aoiad and

Jhtors
atronaJ
BAih, Muabin Joaque ond Ihdisn
Jtole Jor the uion
Corgven ayd mayar
continent.
Some aque that ha art hon of Ihdia
twas inewitato qiuen the deah oiv10nA
ond M i s in
Hndus and Ihdo.
betwesn
ohile dome aque that Could haue

becn awoidod twith been Jeodouwh anc

tolitiea) decition- maki.
1937- 947
ot the aee ot fobheal deve.
quickanng Hes wee dillere
- Jonenta, but
eeonomue
in the Jevels ot
ot the n Mwn comush
indu and
dewelmnt
 Aubconhnent that layed a eason
tol We
or
(ott b cannot bame aa Ainge
euent. Ths,
Thes, thec ar
tot o e aithon of Inolia
ate the
The nain
o ividle nd . Thee foicdzs del.baaldy
and then the otthr.
communhy
the eommg toqeth ot Thdian
Thá feuent the
.
Sorne
the
oleefoeke
coere intodueton ot seferae
Communal aJas ds

base on
centus bast
j9321 reeovdng
Communuties. Bstish dedbetately
oaste after
mubm
aba ntiona keagus
encowraqed Tinn ah movement
1940 to weaken
the natonal

and 4hat Congea foshofahon

govexnmert duing toay They
to conule Grto not cny th
oilbing ot India but alo thu balkasahon
foukttion
 (+
The etond aue lad the tormaton
Muaim koague undn thu Jeado
ndu tha ot
Lenqu
Mohammad AU Thnah innah laued a
fuominent 3ol in the tonk ton ocun
Hiatonans aaued that was
he ienate
the trantomaion ot ha atu
aHe
mas noliiaton began wnde handhi
1920. Thu made Jinnah den ewan in
nahonal oies. the
ambanador ot tindu- Mrim tuty tune
hotile and betame fmlacata oe ot
A+ hat, he has no View oY
te Congren
denand Jor fakistan L w
tor
In the
toomanee ot the Murim Leagu
electon to Hhe ProvineiaJ asembla in 1937
that made hm to rettk tuä tategy
Un 1g40 The 'Pakitan' Reoluhon), thu leagu
declare' the uight ot el oleleminaton
in North wert and
magpribea
 (S)

ab le to Inobilt. the
Musbm Loaguc. nation ding
Mylim mases Jor
tokil the natol Congren
the eahly tg4o' the Out ndi a
toith
Jeade tuere mases beiee
movernent Thay made
treated
Jeeond
that Mun oil be
Hthdu dominated Tndafendent
clan citens in Muslin in Ihdja
Indi'a. The folautahon(gu6 eleetons where
twas evident in tha

Colne
to owe.
the uri'n
ahe:
Mas ohes fhaae
Mubim lay onity
with the
u Jslam In Dangerby
wih
Muali Leagu along
Cobine Ninion to qive
Buitish suort in onutitutionel nate
în
a Veto
the Lengue choiee but to aitien
bahil Jet no' othe
failwes o Thdan
The third caue dueeen-tailwre
Thee
Naional congrem
dichotomy Jor Congren
 that Congres a too
B8fin chandsa viaws Frecdom movemerti
task diveye
hll todk
dwg lane Communites
teqrating diveye' clanes communities gHou
and segiona into a nation .
Aeeuning indetendenes Jrom Btitith tulens r
hii
th emong naton
sUeeedlo
alhule congren to
natonalitt conciousnen Ahierent
exet tuene on btith to quit tndia
it faileo in the tatk inh weldi
the naHon
Cowmwht ito the nation this
Nutim
Jor
he AUce e Jaitune diehotormy
Engren to atef coneeniong to
steh
o a Aeforate Hustin
kenguis chanfionng
hnal aet
state ohone
ot Pahien
The main onserhons
for ommunal intonet
Corgre
tohenHy
for esewaion ot
soat in Communal dwaad in 1901
Congven agreed jor Luctnow aet t1919) oith
Mulio eoque
handhi ard inak talks, Cuondh
Durng Ael - detumnahen
the sig t o
aecefled the
rovnces .
Mestim maq oritymifon not
he cabtno botd to
fention.
or the we ot
also (lti'ed
Bandi was
fotidres obhich indireety
u4 in Jnda .
the utition of
inteneed thint that the
of han di
"he couha
ues ke Khilalot wad dau
etra teitora
ot
Alwee tendeneiu
Pan. - Ts lawe
and fan Seolan. hutonans
JoyabteaJnoian Mulim.
ameng Chande eontioler the
ike Bin
sebgion
in tolihea
thi
and theubre ave heg andd
with dangeoua conequsnea.
hot
of
The coneet kanayaandh wway coresned
Hindu ideal as
 trorm
t hawe
hough Undu tradition
tol thin the
unaceeptabl
Muum hemselves
ideal and fnetehed to

in
the hautition of Tndia
ao cxhentd Jor
The oltions ot gaue te euiat
he athortte hue toritHon to
Laque
Indan mub'm Hhat Biwnah had Jonqe
in
anted It wa the roui*
of the noton of fakistan that Confelled
take the demande ot
the congreu to do
Thi inensed the Aiuaon
Leagse sevouly .
to bring
Gandhig' aingle- handedy tried Jayt mon en
Communal hamoy
viaited uot ' t a
and beaneay to hestore hamonuy
Noakhal Aing tyig nars
hot in awow ot
a

moveent agant he deetnon

to fatiton
condtons we
becNe the
the county
 3)
hot on dcie or A0ch a mo ue mer and
berae he notAne
Could the
foohd in
endewou
aU not otcehted the terthon donand,
Congre
the Mnbim league dao Jaunehod te Direet
AAction Dauy l6 Aug 1346
and viol enee n toh'eh thosands
suoting killed he tohole
were
Jarge acale commukal
HUed cuitth
tatit'o a ndia. The
uots buer H
nuine ed that th ondy Adution
Corgre oben ay
in he

to the communal and Paknt

di
Tnd'a nto
Tndia
wndoufood tha
The Congreu alao
fedenaton
alteonaiue to fauton a

a weak cene
witth
with a atrong eenhaAtate.authorhy weak cente
than biggea dermand Jor thu
htough His, congres aleehted tu
 of Znd'a . Thus alao maukod to

the ond ot colowa uls fn tndia