LEGEND

example
topic
Type/kind
Meaning of the type/kind
Wala lang

COMMON SKIN DISORDERS

Contact dermatitis- a red, itchy rash caused by direct contact with a
substance or an allergic reaction to it.

Psoriasis - a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most
commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common,
long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring
for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into remission.

Urticaria (hives) - are red, itchy welts that result from a skin reaction. The
welts vary in size and appear and fade repeatedly as the reaction runs its
course.

Scabies - a skin infestation caused by a mite known as the Sarcoptes

scabiei. Untreated, these microscopic mites can live on your skin for months.
They reproduce on the surface of your skin and then burrow into it to lay eggs.
This causes an itchy, red rash to form on your skin.

Herpes zoster - also known as shingles, is caused by the reactivation of

the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes varicella
(chickenpox). Primary infection with VZV causes varicella. Once the illness
resolves, the virus remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia.

Tinea corporis (ringworm) - a rash caused by a fungal infection. It's usually

an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name
because of its appearance. No worm is involved.

HAIR ABNORMALITIES
Alopecia - occurs when the body's immune system mistakes hair follicles
as foreign and attacks them. This causes the hairs to fall out. This specific
form of autoimmunity is a lifelong tendency that can be inherited from either
parent.

Hirsutism - a condition in women that results in excessive growth of dark or

coarse hair in a male-like pattern — face, chest and back. With hirsutism,
extra hair growth often arises from excess male hormones (androgens),
primarily testosterone.
NAIL ABNORMALITIES
clubbed fingers - a symptom of disease, often of the heart or lungs which
cause chronically low blood levels of oxygen. Diseases which cause
malabsorption, such as cystic fibrosis or celiac disease can also cause
clubbing. Clubbing may result from chronic low blood-oxygen levels.

Splinter hemorrhages - are tiny blood spots that appear underneath the
nail. They look like splinters and occur when tiny blood vessels (capillaries)
along the nail bed are damaged and burst. The nail bed is the skin
underneath the nail.

Muehrcke's lines - are paired, white, transverse lines that signify an

abnormality in the vascular bed of the nail. Muehrcke first described paired,
narrow, white, transverse fingernail lines in a series of 65 patients with severe,
chronic hypoalbuminemia.

NOTES KO MEOW:
Chephalic-Round shape
Normo- normal = Normocephalic
Total
Subtotal
Partially

Artificial tears

Thyroidectomy is surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland, which

is located in the front of the neck. The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone,
which controls many critical functions of the body.

Hyperopia (farsightedness) makes it hard to see things that are close,

Myopia (nearsightedness) makes it difficult to see things that are far away.

Presbyopia is the gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby

objects. It's a natural, often annoying part of aging. Presbyopia usually
becomes noticeable in your early to mid-40s and continues to worsen until
around age 65.

Astigmatism (uh-STIG-muh-tiz-um) is a common and generally treatable

imperfection in the curvature of the eye that causes blurred distance and near
vision. Astigmatism occurs when either the front surface of the eye (cornea) or
the lens inside the eye has mismatched curves.

PRIMARY SKIN LESSION EXAMPLES

MACULE
Flat Unelevated Change in Color (Measures Are 1mm. To 1cm. In Size &
Circumscribed)
 Freckles - a small patch of light brown color on the skin, often becoming
more pronounced through exposure to the sun.

Measles - An acute and highly contagious viral disease characterized by

fever, runny nose, cough, red eyes, and a spreading skin rash. Measles, also
known as rubeola, is a potentially disastrous disease.

Petechiae - are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of
bleeding. The bleeding causes the petechiae to appear red, brown or purple.
Petechiae (puh-TEE-kee-ee) commonly appear in clusters and may look like a
rash.

Flat Moles - Liver spots or age spots (lentigines) are the common names of
the flat, brown, round spots seen in adults frequently on the back of the
hands, shoulders, and face. Liver spots are not true moles or freckles. The
term liver spot is actually a misnomer since liver problems and liver disease
do not cause these spots.

Patches Larger & May Have Irregular Shape

Birthmark - an unusual and typically permanent brown or red mark on
someone's body from birth.

Vitiligo - a condition in which the skin loses its pigment cells (melanocytes).
This can result in discolored patches in different areas of the body, including
the skin, hair and mucous membranes. Vitiligo (vit-ih-LIE-go) is a disease that
causes loss of skin color in patches.

Rubella - (german measles or three-day measles) a contagious disease

caused by a virus. Most people who get rubella usually have a mild illness,
with symptoms that can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that
starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.

PAPULE
Circumscribed, Solid Evaluation of Skin Less Than 1 Cm
Warts - a small, hard, benign growth on the skin, caused by a virus.

Acne - the occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin;

in particular, a condition characterized by red pimples on the face, prevalent
chiefly among teenagers.

Pimples - a small hard inflamed spot on the skin.

Elevated moles - Moles that are melanoma most often appear as

asymmetrical, irregularly bordered, multicolored or tan/brown or as a growth
that continues to increase in size over time. They may begin as a flat spot and
become more elevated.

PLAQUE
 Larger Than 1 Cm
Psoriasis -a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most
commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common,
long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring
for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into remission.

Rubeola - Measles (rubeola) is a respiratory illness caused by a virus. It

causes a red, blotchy rash. It is also known as 10-day measles or red
measles. It's a very contagious illness.

NODULE
Elevated, Solid, Hard Mass That Extends Deeper into The Dermis. (Have
A Circumscribed Border & Are 0.5 To 2cm In Size)
Squamous cell carcinoma - common form of skin cancer that develops in
the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is usually not life-threatening, though it
can be aggressive.

Fibroma - typically a benign fibroid or fibroid tumor. Fibromas are

composed of fibrous, or connective, tissue.

TUMOR
Are Larger Than 2cm. & Maybe Have an Irregular Border
Malignant melanoma - a type of skin cancer that develops from the
pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas typically occur in
the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye (uveal
melanoma).

Hemangioma - a bright red birthmark that shows up at birth or in the first or

second week of life. It looks like a rubbery bump and is made up of extra
blood vessels in the skin. A hemangioma can occur anywhere on the body,
but most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back.

PUSTULE
Vesicle Filled with Pus
Acne vulgaris - a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and/or
inflammation of pilosebaceous units (hair follicles and their accompanying
sebaceous gland). Acne can present as noninflammatory lesions,
inflammatory lesions, or a mixture of both, affecting mostly the face but also
the back and chest.

Impetigo - a bacterial infection of the skin that is most common in young

children. Doctors use antibiotics to treat impetigo. Antibiotics can also help
protect others from getting sick.

VESICLE
A Circumscribed Round or Oval, Thin Translucent Mass Filled with Serous
Fluid or Blood, Less Than 0.5 Cm.
 Herpes Simplex - a viral infection, caused by a group of herpes viruses,
that may produce cold sores, genital inflammation, or conjunctivitis.

Early chickenpox - a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-

zoster virus (VZV). It can cause an itchy, blister-like rash. The rash first
appears on the chest, back, and face, and then spreads over the entire body,
causing between 250 and 500 itchy blisters.

Small burn blister - a fluid-filled blister that may form as a result of a burn.
While some people find these blisters unsightly, they can help prevent
infection and other complications.

BULLA/BULLAE
Larger Than 0.5 Cm
Large blisters - A bulla is a fluid-filled sac or lesion that appears when fluid
is trapped under a thin layer of your skin. It's a type of blister. Bullae
(pronounced as “bully”) is the plural word for bulla. To be classified as a bulla,
the blister must be larger than 0.5 centimeters (5 millimeters) in diameter.

Second-degree burn - This type of burn affects both the epidermis and the
second layer of skin (dermis). It may cause swelling and red, white or splotchy
skin. Blisters may develop, and pain can be severe. Deep second-degree
burns can cause scarring.

Herpes Simplex - a viral infection, caused by a group of herpes viruses,

that may produce cold sores, genital inflammation, or conjunctivitis.

CYST
1cm or Larger, Elevated, Encapsulated, Fluid-Filled or Semi-Solid Mass
Arising from the Subcutaneous Tissue or Dermis

Sebaceous cysts - are filled with yellowish oily material.

Epidermoid cyst - are filled with dead skin cells.

Chalazion of the eyelid - a red bump on your eyelid. It is sometimes called

an eyelid cyst or a meibomian cyst. It slowly forms when an oil gland (called a
meibomian) becomes blocked.

WHEAL
A Reddened, Localized Collection of Edema Fluid; Irregular In Shape. Size
Varies.
Hives - also known as urticaria, are itchy, raised welts that are found on the
skin. They are usually red, pink, or flesh-colored, and sometimes they sting or
hurt. In most cases, hives are caused by an allergic reaction to a medication
or food or a reaction to an irritant in the environment.

Mosquito bites - a bite inflicted by a mosquito.

SECONDARY SKIN LESSION
LICHENIFICATION
Rough, Thickened, Hardened Area of Epidermis Resulting from Chronic
Irritation Such ss Scratching or Rubbing
Chronic dermatitis - Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that makes
your skin red and itchy. It's common in children but can occur at any age.
Atopic dermatitis is long lasting (chronic) and tends to flare periodically. It may
be accompanied by asthma or hay fever. No cure has been found for atopic
dermatitis.

Shedding Flakes of Greasy, Keratinized Skin Tissue. Color Maybe White,

Gray or Silver. Texture May Vary from Fine to Thick.
Dry skin - skin that doesn't have enough moisture in it to keep it feeling soft
and supple. People with dry skin may have rough-feeling patches that flake off
or look scaly. It may or may not be itchy (pruritis). Severe dry skin may crack
and bleed.

Dandruff - small pieces of dead skin in a person's hair.

Psoriasis - a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most
commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common,
long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring
for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into remission.

Eczema - (also called atopic dermatitis) is a condition that causes your skin
to become dry, red, itchy and bumpy. It's one of many types of dermatitis.
Eczema damages the skin barrier function (the "glue" of your skin). This loss
of barrier function makes your skin more sensitive and more prone to infection
and dryness.

CRUST
Dry Blood, Serum or Pus Left on The Skin Surface When Vesicles Or
Pustules Burst. Can Be Red-Brown, Orange or Yellow.
Eczema - (also called atopic dermatitis) is a condition that causes your skin
to become dry, red, itchy and bumpy. It's one of many types of dermatitis.
Eczema damages the skin barrier function (the "glue" of your skin). This loss
of barrier function makes your skin more sensitive and more prone to infection
and dryness.

Impetigo - a bacterial infection of the skin that is most common in young

children. Doctors use antibiotics to treat impetigo. Antibiotics can also help
protect others from getting sick.

Herpes or scabs following abrasion - Rubbing against clothing, scratching,

or aggressively washing herpes sores can cause sores to burst and develop
scabs. In addition, some herpes sores may break open on their own, leaving
behind blisters or scabs. Usually, these blisters and scabs heal within a week
or two without leaving a scar.
 ULCER
Deep, Irregular Shape Area Of The Skin Loss Extending To The Dermis Or
Subcutaneous Tissue. May Bleed & May Leave Scar.
Pressure ulcers - Bedsores — also called pressure ulcers and decubitus
ulcers — are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged
pressure on the skin. Bedsores most often develop on skin that covers bony
areas of the body, such as the heels, ankles, hips and tailbone.

Stasis ulcers - the most common cause of chronic full-thickness skin loss
on the lower leg. As the name implies venous blood doesn't flow properly from
the leg back towards the heart.

Chancres - a painless ulcer, particularly one developing on the genitals as

a result of venereal disease.

FISSURE
Linear Crack with Sharp Edges, Extending Into The Dermis
Cracks at the corner of the mouth - Saliva collects at the corners of the
mouth and causes dryness. Very dry skin in this area can lead to angular
cheilitis. Over time, the dry skin may crack open. Sometimes bacteria or fungi
get into the cracks, which can cause inflammation or an infection. Vitamin
deficiency is the most common cause of cheilitis. The absence of vitamin B2
in the body slows down the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
and decreases energy production.

Cracks in hands - Dry skin, or xerosis, is the most common cause of

cracked skin. In smooth and hydrated skin, natural oils prevent the skin from
drying out by retaining moisture. But if your skin doesn't have enough oil, it
loses moisture. This makes your skin dry out and shrink, which can lead to
cracking.

Athlete's foot - (tinea pedis) is a fungal skin infection that usually begins
between the toes. It commonly occurs in people whose feet have become
very sweaty while confined within tight-fitting shoes. Signs and symptoms of
athlete's foot include an itchy, scaly rash.

SCAR
Flat Irregular Area Of Connective Tissue Left After A Lesion Or Wound
Has Healed. New Scars Maybe Red Or Purple; Older Scars Maybe Silvery Or
White.
Healed surgical wound or injury
Healed wound

KELOID
Elevated, Irregular, Darkened Area Of Excess Scar Tissue Caused By
Excessive Collagen Formation During Healing
Keloid from surgery
Healed wound
 EXCORIATION
Linear Erosion
Scratches - a mark or wound made by scratching.

Chemical burns - are tissue damage caused by strong acids, drain

cleaners, paint thinner, gasoline and many other substances. Usually, you are
aware of such a burn and its cause. But sometimes you may not immediately
recognize a burn caused by a milder chemical.

RANDOM NOTES:
Spoon nails (koilonychia) - are soft nails that look scooped out. The
depression usually is large enough to hold a drop of liquid. Often, spoon nails
are a sign of iron deficiency anemia or a liver condition known as
hemochromatosis, in which your body absorbs too much iron from the food
you eat.

Beau's lines - are indentations that run across the nails. The indentations can
appear when growth at the area under the cuticle is interrupted by injury or
severe illness.

Paronychia - is a skin infection around the fingernails or toenails. It usually

affects the skin at the base (cuticle) or up the sides of the nail.

Moon face - this is usually not serious. But it may make you feel self-
conscious. Moon facies occurs when extra fat builds up on the sides of the
face. It is often related to obesity but can be from Cushing's syndrome. That's
why people sometimes refer to it as a Cushingoid appearance.

Exophthalmos also known as proptosis - is the medical term for bulging or

protruding eyeballs. It can affect 1 or both eyes and is most often caused by
thyroid eye disease.

Myxedema - is a term generally used to denote severe hypothyroidism.

Myxedema is also used to describe the dermatologic changes that occur in
hypothyroidism and occasionally hyperthyroidism.

Hirsutism – excessive hairiness in women

Hypothyroidism – very thin and brittle hair

Plaque - a sticky deposit on teeth in which bacteria proliferate.

Leukoplakia – white patches

Kiesselbach plexus - is located in the nasal cavity, specifically in the anterior

inferior quadrant of the nasal septum where several arteries anastomose to
form the plexus, or vascular network.

Vibrissae - are hairs specialized for tactile sensation, which grow around the
nostrils or other parts of the face in many mammals, e.g., whiskers in cats and
mice. A large part of the brain of some mammals is devoted to processing
nerve impulses from vibrissae. Humans do not have them.