Conference Booklet (10th Conference) PDF

Table of Content
The Organising Committee 2
Message from the Organising Committee 3
Keynote Speaker 1 - Prof. Mark Bray 4
Abstract of Keynote Speech 1 5
Keynote Speaker 2 - Prof. Dr. Sonia Lippke 6
Abstract of Keynote Speech 2 7
Alumni Sharing Speaker - Dr. Md Lokman Hossain 8
Abstract of Alumni Sharing 9
Programme Rundown 10-11
Conference Venue - Floor Plan 12
Presentation Schedule 13-32
List of Abstracts 33-171

Session A1 Rethinking education: teaching and learning, schools and society,
33-48
mainstreams and alternatives
Session A2 Rethinking education: teaching and learning, schools and society,
49-63
mainstreams and alternatives
Session B1 Rethinking forms of social realities, structures, and agencies 64-76
Session B2 Rethinking forms of social realities, structures, and agencies 77-90
Session C1 New challenges and perspectives in sport, physical education, and health 91-106
Session C2 New challenges and perspectives in sport, physical education, and health 107-116
Session D Unearthing new opportunities, governance, and public policy in perspective 117-131
Session E Historical change and continuity from a global perspective 132-144
Session F Rethinking the contribution of social work in the changing society 145-159
Session G Smart society and future earth: challenges and opportunities in Geography 160-171
Campus Map 172
1
Organising Committee
Members:
Ms. LYU Min Lena (PhD student, Department of Education Studies)

Ms. YANG Min Misia (PhD candidate, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health)
Ms. ZOU Yuxuan (PhD candidate, Department of Geography)
Mr. Victor BONDZIE-MICAH (PhD student, Department of Government and International
Studies)
Mr. Samuel I. CABBUAG (PhD student, Department of Sociology)
Ms. FU Yu (PhD student, Department of History)
Mr. LAU Chi Yuen (PhD candidate, Department of Social Work)
Adviser:
Dr. KU Y. L. Kelly
Director, Faculty Research Postgraduate Studies;

Associate Professor, Department of Education Studies
Sponsor:
Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University
The information in this booklet is correct at the time of printing.
2
Message from the Organising Committee
Welcome to the 10th Global Social Sciences Graduate Student Hybrid Conference! It is a great
honour for us to have all of you here to attend this conference.
The 10th Global Social Sciences Graduate Student Hybrid Conference carrying the theme
“(Re)thinking Futures: Introspection, Retrospection and Prospection” invites young
researchers and graduate students from all around the world to explore the various envisioned
futures through the lens of social sciences. What can we learn from history, ourselves, and the
imagined futures through research of social sciences? This inter/cross/trans-disciplinary
conference aims to foster dialogues for participants in the social sciences and other related fields
from Hong Kong and beyond.
This conference serves as an intellectual platform for graduate students and young scholars to
showcase their work on various social science issues with a prospection to building positive futures
and open opportunities for participants to connect with other researchers inside and outside their
home disciplines for future collaborations and for other career opportunities. We would like to
foster a healthy space to rethink and reflect current social problems and phenomena to provide
nuanced analysis and offer possible solutions through discussions with participants.
Many thanks for your presence and wish you an unforgettable and wonderful experience here!
3
Keynote Speaker
Prof. Mark Bray
Distinguished Chair Professor, Faculty of Education,

East China Normal University
UNESCO Chair in Comparative Education,
University of Hong Kong
Mark Bray is a Distinguished Chair Professor in the Faculty of Education at East China Normal
University, Shanghai. He also holds the UNESCO Chair in Comparative Education at the
University of Hong Kong. He is a Past-President of the World Council of Comparative Education
Societies (WCCES), the US-based Comparative & International Education Society (CIES), and
the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK). After beginning his career as a school
teacher in Kenya and Nigeria, he taught at the Universities of Edinburgh, Papua New Guinea and
London. He has also worked in Paris as Director of UNESCO’s International Institute for
Educational Planning (IIEP).
4
Abstract of Keynote Speech 1
Perspectives and comparisons in social science research:

Selecting and probing units for analysis
Prof. Mark Bray
Almost all research is in some way based on comparisons. Sometimes, however, researchers do
not pay adequate attention to their units for comparative analysis. This observation applies across
domains in the social sciences and beyond. Units for comparison may be large (such as continents
or countries) or small (such as individuals or groups); and within categories, units may be similar
or dissimilar.
This lecture will particularly draw on insights from the field of comparative education, as well as
on the presenter’s own experiences over the decades. It will aim to have some practical orientation,
and participants will be encouraged to share perspectives from their own disciplines and
experiences. Along the way, we will consider further aspects of introspection, retrospection and
prospection.
5
Keynote Speaker
Prof. Dr. Sonia Lippke
Head of Health Psychology & Behavioral

Medicine Unit
Constructor University Bremen, Germany
Dr. Lippke’s main research interests are focused on health psychology across the entire life span
and on the investigation of health behaviors in work contexts. She brings in expertise on the four
areas: “theories and models,” “work-place health promotion,” “lifelong health/risk behavior
change” and “multiple behavior change.”
Dr. Lippke has been involved in many research projects investigating health and risk behavior as
well as self-regulation of behaviors across the life span and in different contexts. Her expertise
covers aging, prevention and disease management, which is also reflected in many of her
publications.
She has been conducting research internationally and interdisciplinary, for instance in collaboration
with colleagues from medicine, gerontology, sociology and economics. She currently extends these
collaborations with experts from lifespan psychology and other fields related to lifelong learning
and institutional development, cf. JCLL and AgeAct.
Dr. Lippke’s current research aims to cover the following five areas:
1. Health-related behavior, its regulation and its outcomes (such as happiness, quality of life, work
commitment and productivity),
2. Healthy lifestyle and multi-behavior change, transfer and compensatory cognitions,
3. Occupational health promotion,
4. Life span approaches, successful aging and lifelong learning,
5. Acculturation and ethnicity.
6
Abstract of Keynote Speech 2
(Re)thinking futures with sport, physical education, and health: Making use
of introspection, retrospection and prospection
Prof. Dr. Sonia Lippke
The aftermath of the SARS-Cov2-pandemic requires management of different challenges:
Decreased physical activity and health in general, and consequences like Long-Covid. This calls
for thinking about how the future of treatments, physical education and trainings should look like:
Long-Covid leads to less physical activity and more dependence. Furthermore, those who exercise
incorrectly suffer from worsening symptoms.
This keynote gives an overview on how individuals can facilitate introspection by means of online
screening, and assessments in a specialized clinic. Moreover, retrospection and prospection can be
supported by personal pilots: They empower patients and support them with making use of digital
interventions targeting physical education and health self-management. Evidence underlines this
approach. Further information about the project reviewed in this keynote:
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07584-z
7
Alumni Speaker
Dr. Md Lokman Hossain
Post-doctoral Research Fellow,

Department of Geography,
Hong Kong Baptist University
Dr. Md Lokman Hossain is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at Hong Kong Baptist University,
with a strong research interest in plant ecology and climate change. He is currently working on a
research project that investigates plant diversity-functioning relationships from local to global
scales. Dr. Hossain has published over 30 journal articles and 3 book chapters and has been
awarded more than 25 scholarships, grants, and awards, including the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship
and the Kwok Chung Bo Fun PhD Student Research Excellence Awards. His research has been
published in leading journals, such as Science of the Total Environment, Environmental Research
Letters, Global Ecology and Conservation, and Ecological Processes.
8
Abstract of Alumni Sharing
Publishing articles: Receiving universal currency for entering the academic

market
Dr. Md Lokman Hossain
Enjoy conducting research but dislike writing the manuscript? Before earning a Ph.D., students
must not only conduct research and write dissertations, but also publish their findings in top-tier
journals. Writing a manuscript that clearly communicates students’ fascinating research can be
tedious. After a long wait, an email from a journal editor like "Dear Dr. XYZ, after careful
observation of the reviewer reports, we regret to inform you that we will be unable to accept your
manuscript" is a great disappointment for the graduate students. However, publication is a crucial
component of graduation and career potential. Because publication is comparable to a universal
currency in the academic world, serving as a medium of exchange for tenure-track positions,
funding, and recognition. In this conference, I will share my experience (reality, challenges, and
commitment) in publishing top-quality journals during my PhD training at Hong Kong Baptist
University and securing a post-doctoral position.
9
Programme Rundown
Date: 19 May 2023 (Friday)
Venue: Lam Woo International Conference Centre, The Wing Lung Bank Building for Business
Studies (“WLB”), Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Time Activity Venue
Morning Registration (for presenters) WLB Foyer

08:45-09:15
Morning Registration (for audience) WLB Gallery
09:15-09:20 Welcoming Speech WLB 103
09:20-09:25 Souvenir Presentation & Group Photo WLB 103
09:25-10:15 Keynote Speech 1 WLB 103
10:15-11:05 Keynote Speech 2 WLB 103
11:05-11:15 Tea Break WLB Gallery
Parallel Sessions
Session A1 Rethinking education: teaching and learning,
11:15-13:00 WLB 208
schools and society, mainstreams and alternatives
11:15-13:00 WLB 209
Session B1 Rethinking forms of social realities, structures,
11:15-13:00 WLB 103
and agencies
11:15-13:00 WLB 104
and agencies
Session C1 New challenges and perspectives in sport,
11:15-13:00 WLB 204
physical education, and health
Session D Unearthing new opportunities, governance, and
11:15-13:00 WLB 207
public policy in perspective
Session E Historical change and continuity from a global
11:15-13:00 WLB 205
perspective
Session F Rethinking the contribution of social work in the
11:15-13:00 WLB 206
changing society
Session G Smart society and future earth: challenges and
11:15-13:00 WLB 109
opportunities in Geography
10
Programme Rundown
Time Activity Venue
13:00-14:00 Lunch Break WLB Gallery
14:00-14:40 Alumni Sharing WLB 103
Parallel Sessions
14:00-17:00 WLB 208
14:00-17:00 WLB 209
14:45-17:00 WLB 103
and agencies
14:00-17:00 WLB 104
and agencies
14:00-17:00 WLB 204
14:00-17:00 WLB 109
Session D Unearthing new opportunities, governance, and
14:00-17:00 WLB 207
public policy in perspective
Session E Historical change and continuity from a global
14:00-17:00 WLB 205
perspective
Session F Rethinking the contribution of social work in the
14:00-17:00 WLB 206
changing society
Session G Smart society and future earth: challenges and
14:00-17:00 WLB 105
opportunities in Geography
17:15-17:30 Closing Ceremony WLB 103
11
Conference Venue - Floor Plan
WLB 1/F Floor Plan
WLB 2/F Floor Plan
12
Presentation Schedule - Parallel Sessions
Session A1: Rethinking education: teaching and learning, schools and society,
mainstreams and alternatives (Room WLB 208)
Name of Presenter Topics of Presentation Time

Has the Pursuit of Postgraduate Education Become a
Miss CHEN Bonnie Hor Yee 11:15-
Social Norm? Examining Through the Lens of
Hong Kong Baptist University 11:30
Involution in China
Rethinking Academic Environment in Higher
Mr. Vineet ARORA 11:30-
Education Institutions: Role of Student Empowerment
Indian Institute of Technology 11:45
and Psychological Ownership
Prof. Jhonatan ALMADA
11:45-
UNESP - Sao Paulo State Learning Poverty in Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina
12:00
University
“Your Silly Little Things”: Youth Hobbies, Symbolic
Mr. Cameron KHENG 12:00-
Violence, and Class Inequality in Singapore’s
Nanyang Technological University 12:15
Educational System
Mr. Clyde MANINGO Digitalization amidst Educational Crises: A
12:15-
Mr. Sa Phyo Arkar Myo HLAING Comparative Study of the New Media Literacy (NML)
12:30
Chiang Mai University Levels of Philippines and Myanmar
Mr. Mark Pere MADRONA
Media Literacy Education in Philippine Public High 12:30-
University of the Philippines Open
Schools: Issues, Observations, And Recommendations 12:45
University
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
International Student Mobility in the Gulf Region:
Mr. Sharique UMAR 14:00-
Institutional Practices and International Students’
Qatar University 14:15
Perspective
Mrs. GAO Lin
A Study on the Mechanisms for Integrating Minority 14:15-
Yunnan College of Tourism
Culture into School Education in Ethnic Minority Areas 14:30
Vocation
Transgender Experience on Universities and Colleges
Prof. Rodolfo VALDENARRO 14:30-
Policy on LGBT and Gender Non- Conforming
Centro Escolar University 14:45
Students
13
continued
Mrs. Myrna PRINCIPE Intensified “Online Kamustahan” in Bridging the 14:45-

Siniloan Integrated National High School Gap of Limited Face-to-Face Learning 15:00
Exploring Learning Experience of Mainland

Ms. LIU Shuqian 15:00-
Chinese Students in Hong Kong Master’s
Education: A Phenomenological Perspective
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Miss PENG Liqian
Chengdu Institute Sichuan International
Studies
Miss LIU Muzi
15:30-
Mae Fah Luang University Using Big Data to Improve Teaching Quality
15:45
Miss ZHANG Qiya
Rangsit University
Mr. GUO Zhiwei
Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University
Miss Pattida SISUKKHAM
Rethinking Education: Teaching, Learning, 15:45-
NHL Stenden University of Applied
School, Society, and Mindfulness 16:00
Sciences
Internationalization "at home": Institutional
Miss ZHU Xinyi 16:00-
Tension and Educational Mobilities of Sino-
Foreign Cooperation Universities in China
Reviving and Continuing the Tagalog Concept
Mr. Danim MAJERANO
and Knowledge of Pasig: Sharing the Best 16:15-
University of the Philippines & Kapitolyo
Practices of Culture-Based Education During the 16:30
High School
Days of Uncertainty
Ms. Claudia CHAN A Conceptual Framework for Research on 16:30-

University of Hong Kong Student Agency 16:45
16:45-
Q&A
17:00
14

An Investigation of the Music Performance Ability and
Dr. WEN Lirou 11:15-
Happiness Among Preschool Education University
University of Malaya 11:30
Students
Miss HUANG Lin 11:30-

Exploring Students’ Perception on Translanguaging
Ms. XU Nuo
Instructed Foreign Language Attrition of College Students 11:45-
Beijing Foreign Studies
from a Science and Technology University in China 12:00
University
Dr. Icy Princess TRENCIO

Content-Based Vocabulary Strategies on Enhancing 12:00-
Siniloan Integrated National High
Students’ Comprehension 12:15
School
Ms. Florigine TAMESIS
Project “Lang-Use-Arch”: Enhancing Language Use in 12:15-
Siniloan Integrated National High
Research Writing of Senior High School Students 12:30
School
Dr. Benjamin L. MOORHOUSE Students’ Experiences of English-Medium Instruction at
12:30-
Miss WAN Yuwei the Postgraduate Level: Challenges and Sustainable
12:45
Hong Kong Baptist University Support for Success
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Miss LIU Muzi
Mae Fah Luang University
Miss JI Jiajing
Wako University
Implications of the Post-Covid Alternative Education 14:00-
Miss PENG Liqian
Personalization Concept for Educational Reform 14:15
Chengdu Institute Sichuan
International Studies
Ms. WANG Sijun
Jilin Animation Institute
Exploring the Possibilities of Body Motion Data for
Ms. QIN Mingfu 14:15-
Musical Instrument Education: A Pilot Mocap-Driven
Case Study
15
continued
A Comparative Study of Social-Emotional Development
Miss WONG Yu Sze 14:30-
of K3 Children with Working and Non-Working Mothers
in Hong Kong
Mr. Sitharie THILAKARATHNA Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence on Family 14:45-

University of Colombo Functioning in Middle and Late Childhood Children 15:00
School Teacher’s Attitudes towards Inclusive

Mrs. Udeshini PERERA 15:00-
Education Regarding Children with Special
University of Colombo 15:15
Educational Needs
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Ms. SUN Ronglu
Harbin Vocational and Technical
College of Modern Art and Extension and application of online teaching mode in 15:30-
Design higher vocational education in the post epidemic era 15:45
Miss HE Tingting
Mahidol University
Dr. LIU Cong Examining the Effectiveness of ICT-Assisted Instruction 15:45-

Malaya University on Mathematics Achievement among Preschoolers 16:00
Introspection and Prospection of Education: Exploring

Miss DONG Zhijun 16:00-
the Role of Schools and Society in Fostering Digital
Literacy for Children
Miss NG Chiu Yee
Hong Kong Baptist University Helicopter Parenting in Hong Kong: Perceptions of
16:15-
Dr. WU Fung Hoi Kindergarten Teachers, Parents and Professionals
16:30
The Education University of (University Lecturers and Kindergarten Principals)
Hong Kong
16:30-
Q&A
16:45
16
Session B1: Rethinking forms of social realities, structures, and agencies
(Room WLB 103)
Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representations of

Ms. Shenyan ZHOU 11:15-
Foreign Domestic Workers in South China Morning Post
During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The Mediated Subject as the New Embodiment of the

Mr. Tobias KAMELSKI 11:30-
Social Order: Rethinking Modern Picture-Based Online
Lingnan University 11:45
Dating as Discursive Spaces
An Exploration of The Ways of Reconstructing Traditional

Dr. Jiangyan WANG Tea Culture with Collective Memory Theory and Its 11:45-
Tongji University Philosophical Implications for Contemporary 12:00
Existentialism
Pre-manufacturing Consent: The Recruitment Process and

Ms. Ziyu WANG 12:00-
Datafication of “Tool Person(s)” in the Chinese High-Tech
Industry
“Old Habits Die Hard?”, Rethinking Why More Women

Mr. Bamidele OLA Justify Violence Against Other Women than Men: 12:15-
Hong Kong Baptist University Assessing the Roles of Culture and Modern Media 12:30
Consumption in Attitudinal Modification
Neoliberal City, Neoliberal Self: 7-ELEVEN Convenience

Ms. Qian CHEN, Hong Kong 12:30-
Store as a Work Companion in Everyday Life in
Baptist University 12:45
Guangzhou
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
17
(Room WLB 103)
continued
Work and Life Balance: Understanding the Digital Users in
Ms. Marie Jude BENDIOLA the Context of Social Media Usage as Represented in Dave
Philipps Universität Marburg, Egger’s Novel The Circle, Henry Joost and Ariel 14:45-
Germany Schulman’s Film Nerve, and Charlie Brooker’s Black 15:00
Mirror “Nosedive” Episode
Mr. Wayne CHOONG

Digital Christianity: How Digitalization Affects the 15:00-
Nanyang Technological
Christian Beliefs and Practices of Young People 15:15
University
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Mr. Zihao ZHOU Youzhi (优质) as Discriminative Discourse in Chinese Gay 15:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Dating Platforms 15:45
Mr. Ross CHEUNG

Sociotechnical and Future Imaginaries in the Expo 2020 15:45-
Dubai and the Museum of the Future 16:00
University
Ms. Ai Jing LIM

Mixed-Orientation Marriage: A Conceptual Review in 16:00-
National University of
Malaysia and Asian Context 16:15
Malaysia
Mr. Andrew James INFIESTO

Relationships of the Future: The Students’ Dating 16:15-
Mindanao State University -
Experiences in Virtualized Communities 16:30
Iligan Institute of Technology
Ms. Aye Myat Myat WIN Help-seeking for Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative 16:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Study among Internally Displaced Women in Myanmar 16:45
16:45-
Q&A
17:00
18
(Room WLB 104)
Mr. David EFENDI

The Initiative on the Practice of Sustainable University: A 11:15-
Universitas Muhammadiyah Comparative Study at Umy and Usm 11:30
Yogyakarta
Ms. Ethel WEE

Breaking Down the Gender Pay Gap in Singapore: A 11:30-
Study of Gendered Citizenship and Masculine Capital 11:45
University
Mr. Zixiao FENG Can Financial Incentive Boosts Fertility Rate? Evidence 11:45-
Hong Kong Baptist University from Hong Kong 12:00
Apprehending the Transport Network Vehicle Service:

Mr. William Barry CODERA 12:00-
Apparatgeist and the (Re)production of Practices in the
Ateneo de Manila University 12:15
Sharing Economy
Ms. Kerri HENG Marked Identities within Unmarked Work Practices:

Nanyang Technological Revealing a Nuanced Hierarchy of Disability in 12:15-
University Singapore’s Employment Context 12:30
Mr. James Gregory VILLASIS The Motivating Factors in the Transjudicial Cross-
University of the Philippines Citation of Foreign Human Rights Norms – Evidence 12:30-
Law Center from the Philippines 12:45
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Mrs. Sandesha PERERA 14:00-

Universalism and Cultural Relativism of Human Rights
University of Kelaniya 14:15
Ms. Xinyi ZHU Transition Lives and New Femininity: After Overseas 14:15-
Hong Kong Baptist University Female Graduates Return to China 14:30
19
(Room WLB 104)
continued
Ms. Xiaohui TANG Addressing the Plight of Disabled Girls in China: 14:30-
Chengdu University Enhancing Legal Awareness and Promoting Equality 14:45
Analyzing Ways in which Pigeon Pea Production

Mr. Tugume Howard 14:45-
(Re)shapes Parenthood among Climate-smart
Makerere University 15:00
Agricultural Farmers of Lira and Alebtong – Uganda
How and When will Employees Build Organizational

Ms. Wangnong LIAO Citizenship and Career Commitment: The Role of Need- 15:00-
City University of Hong Kong Supportive Leadership Based on Self-Determination 15:15
Theory
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Income and Gender Inequalities, Country-level Social
Mr. Patrick CHANDA 15:30-
Support, Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying
Lingnan University 15:45
Victimisation: A Multilevel Cross-National Study
Mr. Aleksander Znosko-

Knowledge as a Key Element of the Competency Model 15:45-
Czarnecki
of the Millennial Generation Entrepreneur 16:00
Kozminski University
Ms. Qiya ZHANG The Impact of Digital Currencies on Economic 16:00-

Rangsit University Globalisation 16:15
16:15-
Q&A
16:30
20
Session C1: New challenges and perspectives in sport, physical education, and
health (Room WLB 204)
Effectiveness of a Parent-Focused Intervention

Miss Jie FENG 11:15-
Targeting 24-H Movement Behaviors in Preschool-
Aged Children: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Ms. Kailing OU Outdoor Fitness Equipment Use and Health for Older 11:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Adults: A Narrative Review 11:45
Ms. Youjing LUO Exploring the Effect of Mild Alcohol Intoxication on 11:45-
Hong Kong Baptist University Creative Thinking: A Placebo-controlled EEG study 12:00
Mr. Xuan LIU The Impacts of Social Exchange on Referees’ Job 12:00-
Hong Kong Baptist University Satisfaction: Mediating Effect of Organizational Trust 12:15
Effectiveness of Parent-Based Electronic Health

Mr. Peng ZHOU (Ehealth) Intervention on Preschooler’s Physical 12:15-
Hong Kong Baptist University Activity, Dietary Behaviors, and Sleep Problems: A 12:30
Randomized Controlled Trial
Mr. Palash KARMAKAR Correlates of Leisure Time Physical Activity among 12:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Older Adults in Bangladesh 12:45
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Ms. Shi Hui Joy SOO
Young Adults’ Experiences with Depression in 14:00-
Singapore 14:15
University
Patient-provider Communication and Intentions to Use
Mr. MD Ruhul KABIR 14:15-
of Health Services During Pregnancy and Childbirth:
The Role of Patient’s Activation, Trust, and Satisfaction
21
continued
Mrs. Ruhina Binta A GHANI Recognizing Socio-emotional Development in Early 14:30-

BRAC Years: What Parents Perceive? 14:45
Dr. Zhuoru MA Identifying Joint Spatial Risk Factors for Hypertension

14:45-
Nanyang Technological and Diabetes in China: A Bivariate Joint Spatial
15:00
University Modeling Approach with CHARLS Wave 1 and Wave 4
Miss Airui YU
New Challenges and Opportunities in Sports Education: 15:00-
Capital University of Economics
A Comprehensive Analysis in the Post-Pandemic Era 15:15
and Business
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Mr. Haoran LI
The Development and Reflection of Physical Education 15:30-
Guangxi university of foreign
in the Post-epidemic Era 15:45
languages
Dr. Kanagarajah RARUJANAI Examining Cost-value Dimensions among Adolescent 15:45-

University Malaya, Malaysia Field Hockey Players: A Demographic Study 16:00
Is Qigong an Ideal Alternative Exercise for University

Mr. Feng WANG 16:00-
Students with Obesity? Evidence from a 12-Week
University Malaya, Malaysia 16:15
Intervention Study
Acute Effects of Different Exercise Forms on Executive
Miss Haolin WANG Function and the Mechanism of Cerebral 16:15-
Nanjing Normal University Hemodynamics in Hospitalized T2DM Patients: A 16:30
Within-subject Study
Mrs. Indrachapa
An Analysis on the Contribution of Travel Agencies for 16:30-
WEERASINGHA
Promoting Sport Tourism in Sri Lanka 16:45
Univeristy of Kelaniya
16:45-
Q&A
17:00
22
Effects of High-intensity Interval Training on Depressive 14:00-

Ms. Yanping WANG
Symptoms in Hong Kong Older Adults: Study Protocol 14:15
for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Prospective Association Between 24-Hour Movement 14:15-
Ms. Huiqi SONG
Behaviors and Mental Health Among Overweight/Obese 14:30
College Students
Effects of a Blended Indoor and Outdoor Structured
Miss Shishi CHENG Exercise Program on Depressive Symptoms in Hong 14:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Kong Older Adults: A Study Protocol of a Randomized 14:45
Controlled Trial
Development of a Blended Intervention to Promote
Ms. Yan SUN Physical Activity, Health and Work Productivity Among 14:45-
Hong Kong Baptist University Office Employees: Using Intervention Mapping 15:00
Framework
Examining the Roles of Self-Stigma and Public Stigma 15:00-
Mr. Xiang WANG
on the Effects from Mental Health Literacy to Athlete 15:15
Help-Seeking Attitude: A Longitudinal Study
15:15-
Tea Break 15:30
Ms. Ishanka Harshani Kusum

A Study Protocol for an In-classroom Physical Activity 15:30-
Peiris DEHIWALA
Breaks (Icpab) Program for Grade Five Primary School 15:45
LIYANAGE
Students in Sri Lanka
Miss Xiaoting OU The Role of Coping Strategies of Older Adults in the 15:45-
Hong Kong Baptist University COVID-19 Pandemic in Shenzhen 16:00
23
continued
Ms. Isha GAURAV How Chinese Medicine can Meet the Demand of Global 16:00-
Hong Kong Baptist University Health Challenges? 16:15
A Follow-Up Study on the Changes of Physical Activity

Miss Guanqun LI of Middle School Students and Its Influencing Factors： 16:15-
University of Southampton A Case Study of Some Middle Schools in Yuhuatai 16:30
District in Nanjing
Effects of Integrated Concurrent Training Intervention
Miss Cheng ZHU Highlighting Agility on Drug Craving, Cognitive 16:30-
Nanjing Normal University Inhibition, and Resting-state Brain Functional 16:45
Connectivity of Drug Abstainers

16:45-
Q&A 17:00
24
Session D: Unearthing new opportunities, governance, and public policy in
perspective (Room WLB 207)
The Never-ending Land Disputes During China’s Urban-

Miss You WU 11:15-
Rural Development: A Policy Implementation
Nanyang Technical University 11:30
Perspective
Mr. Liliang RONG Rethinking Employee Management in the Chinese Public 11:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Sector 11:45
Miss Yuhe LAI Enhancing Emergency Management in Turkey 11:45-

University College London Earthquake: A comprehensive Approach 12:00
Mr. Pushpanathan SUNDRAM Non-State Actors' Participation and its Significance to 12:00-
Chiang Mai University Post-ASEAN Charter Community Building 12:15
Dr. Chamila SIRIWARDENE

A Socio-Philosophical Exploration into the Working 12:15-
University of Kelaniya, Sri
Environment and Job Satisfaction 12:30
Lanka
Analysis of the Urgency of Yogyakarkta City
Mr. Angga MISBAHUDIN 12:30-
Government’s Policies in Improving the Survival of
Khon Kaen University 12:45
People with Disabilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Miss Lingyan CHEN Research on Public Policy Making and Participation in 14:00-
Guangzhou Huali College Decision-making in the Context of Modern Governance 14:15
Geographical Analysis of the Sociological Factors

Mrs. Hazel VALDENARRO 14:15-
Affecting Birth and Fertility Rate in the Northeastern
Centro Escolar University 14:30
Launa: Input to Rural Development Program
25
Session D: Unearthing new opportunities, governance, and public policy in
perspective (Room WLB 207)
continued
Review of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) &
Mrs. Kyaw Kyaw NANDAR 14:30-
Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in Association of
Chiang Mai University 14:45
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members
Mr. Man To AU How Transitional Justice and Party Politics Transform 14:45-
Hong Kong Baptist University Each Other: Taiwanese’s National Identity as an Example 15:00
Mr. Junaidul FITRIYONO

15:00-
Gadjah Mada University, The Cement Plant in North Kendeng Pati Regency
15:15
IndonesiaPubli
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Dr. Marshal MURILLO Empowering Youth through Governance: The City Youth 15:30-
Ateneo de Naga University Officials Program in Naga City, Philippines 15:45
Mr. Yechan MOON 15:45-

After Covid-19: Trends of China-North Kora Trade
Yonsei University 16:00
Mr. Eugene OR
DCEITC Welfare Program Expansion: Work Motivator or 16:00-
Demotivator? 16:15
University
Mrs. Rona Celeste
Engagement of Civil Society Organizations in Local 16:15-
PASAMONTE
Government: Towards Participatory Governance 16:30
Xavier University
16:30-
Q&A
16:45
26
Session E: Historical change and continuity from a global perspective (Room
WLB 205)
Miss LIAO Yating Local Developments and Long-Distance Interaction: 11:15-

Hong Kong Baptist University Jade Slit Rings (Jue) in Prehistoric Hong Kong 11:30
Dr. LI Yang The Historical Inheritance and Change of Yi-Xia View 11:30-
MinZu University of China 11:45
Mr. ZHANG Shiyao Correlations between Natural Disasters and Price 11:45-
Liaoning University Indices in China during 1644-1911 12:00
Globalization, Patriotism and Copy Culture: The

Miss JIANG Mengjie 12:00-
Imitation and Sale of Hazeline Snow Cream in Modern
Shanghai
The Making of the Ethnic Economy in China: The Case
Miss MA Qian 12:15-
Study of Bai Ethnic Silverware Industry in Western
Yunnan university 12:30
China
Miss CUI Xiaoci Creating a Globalized Market Economy from the Below: 12:30-
Yunnan University The case of Yiwu City in the Reform Era 12:45
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Mr. GOH Jeremy
Emerging Business Transnationalism in Singapore and 14:00-
China: Governance, Networks, and Strategies 14:15
University, Singapore
Ms. WEI You An
Scenery of “Formosa”: The Image of Post-War Taiwan 14:15-
Hong Kong Metropolitan
in Tourism Materials (1960s-2010s) 14:30
University
27
Session E: Historical change and continuity from a global perspective (Room
WLB 205)
continued
Resources, Environment and Frontier Order:
Miss WU Qifang 14:30-
Investigation and Research on Forest Resources in the
Northeast Normal University 14:45
Yalu River Basin Before the Russo-Japanese War
Dr. AL-HAMMADI Mariam Deterritorialization in the Context of Cultural Heritage 14:45-

Qatar University and Globalizing Msheireb Downtown Doha 15:00
Ms. REBONG Ma. Donna

Utilizing the Lessons of Urban History to 15:00-
The Chinese University of Hong
Reimagine Post-Covid 19 Cities in the Philippines 15:15
Kong
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Miss HVALIC Johanna Carla Colonialism’s Influence on Gender Relations: A Case 15:30-
Makerere University Study of the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom 15:45
Mr. MOHAMMAD Kamaruddin Teaching Tausug Resistance in Sulu History Through an

15:45-
University of the Philippines Indigenous Perspective
16:00
Diliman
16:00-
Q&A
16:15
28
Session F: Rethinking the contribution of social work in the changing society
(Room WLB 206)
Mr. BELLO Yul Anjelo

11:15-
Philippine Women's Understanding Life of Post-Probationers
11:30
University
Practical Research on Social Work Participating in
Mrs. ZENG Qingfeng International Community Governance under the Actor 11:30-
Yunnan University Network Theory—Taking JC International Community 11:45
in Yiwu City as an Example
"Long-term Care for the Elderly in East Asia after
Mr. MEESONK Nitiwate 11:45-
Confucianism: A Comparison of Japan, Singapore, and
University of Strathclyde 12:00
Thailand"
Ms. DINI Adriani The Contribution of Social Work to Broader Societal 12:00-
Chiang Mai University Change 12:15
Miss SHAO Yinghou Strangers in Their Own Land: Social Work for De
12:15-
Miss YIN Chenru Facto Stateless Chinese Persons by the Overseas
12:30
Yunnan university Chinese Association in the China-Myanmar Border
Social Work in the Borderland: “Selective Embedding”
Miss TIAN Yiran 12:30-
Strategy for Social Work Organizations on the China-
Yunnan university 12:45
Myanmar Border
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Mr. CHEN Qi Rong The Strengths for Mental Health Recovery in Emerging 14:00-
Hong Kong Baptist University Adults: From the Cultural Perspective 14:15
Mr. FRANCISCO M. John A Comparative Analysis of the Brain Drain in the 14:15-
Republican College-PHINMA Philippines 14:30
Ethical Challenges and Potential of Digital Social

Miss XU Shuyu 14:30-
Workers in Helping Distressed People with
NHLStenden University 14:45
Psychological Problems
29
Session F: Rethinking the contribution of social work in the changing society
(Room WLB 206)
continued
Miss JI Jiajing
Wako University
Miss ZHANG Qiya Research on Social Work Practice Under the 14:45-
Rangsit University Aggravation of Ageing 15:00
Ms. LIU Muzi
Miss LIN Jinwen Reproduction of Gender Inequality of Maternity 15:00-

Hong Kong Baptist University Policy of Hong Kong 15:15
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Mr. WANG Yonghua Research on the Adaptation and Integration of

Office of the Guidance Committee National and Rural Knowledge Education 15:30-
for Minority Language Instruction, Systems under the Background of Rural 15:45
Yunan Revitalization
A Study Regarding the Utility of Institutional
Mr. RAJAPAKSHA Saman
Miss NANDASIRI Amali Uthpala Public Relations Strategies Used during the
Mrs. RUPASINGHA Amani Period of the Covid-19 Pandemic 15:45-
Mr. ATHTHANAYAKE Sameera (Especially within the University of Kelaniya in 16:00
Mr. PUSHPA KUMARA Ruwan Sri Lanka)
University of Kelaniya
Promoting Intergenerational Relationships

Miss HUANG Yixuan through Social Work: The Critical Role of Social 16:00-
University of New South Wales Work in Bridging Generational Gaps in a 16:15
Changing Society
Miss MAHTANI Mansha 16:15-

A 4-day Working and Schooling Schedule
16:30-
Q&A
16:45
30
Session G: Smart society and future earth: challenges and opportunities in
Geography (AM: Room WLB 109 ; PM: Room WLB 105)
Connecting Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Climate

Mr. Md Abdullah Al MAMUN Change, Drought Assessment, Agriculture Adaptation 11:15-
Hong Kong Baptist University Practices for Food Security: A Learning from Noakhali, 11:30
Bangladesh
Ms. Ica CAHAYANI
Inclusive Contribution by International Committee of Red
Ms. Silvia Cristine Hasianta 11:30-
Cross (ICRC) for Human Refugee: Reviews on Climate
MANURUNG 11:45
Change and Environmental Perspective
Gadjah Mada University
Unlocking the Potential of Vermicompost for Sustainable
Ms. Khusnur Jahan SHAPNA 11:45-
Agriculture: Insights from a 6-year Study in Drought-and
Khulna University 12:00
Salinity-affected Regions in Bangladesh
Mr. Rifki SANAHDI Youth Voice on Energy Transition and Climate Justice: A 12:00-
University of Queensland Cases of Three Provincial Cities in Indonesia 12:15
Improving Satellite-Derived Precipitation Downscaling in

Miss Honglin ZHU 12:15-
Data-Sparse Area Using Deep Learning and Transfer
Learning
Mr. Tunjung WIJANARKA
Ms. Rizki Amalia
YANUARTHA Nyepi as Local Wisdom for The World’s Sustainable 12:30-
Ms. Putri HERGIANASARI Development 12:45
Universitas Kristen Satya
Wacana
12:45-
Q&A
13:00
Miss Wing Kei CHEUNG Envisioning a Smart Energy Transition in Hong Kong: A 14:00-
Hong Kong Baptist University Transdisciplinary Community Engagement Model 14:15
31
Session G: Smart society and future earth: challenges and opportunities in
Geography (AM: Room WLB 109 ; PM: Room WLB 105)
continued
Mrs. Nadeeka Chathurani
KITHULGASMULLE Strategies of the Community Based Disaster Management
14:15-
LEKAMLAGE Process; Special Reference to Biyagama Divisional
14:30
University of Sri Secretariat Division in Sri Lanka
Jayewardenepura
Mr. Yuan LIANG Free Rides for Cleaner Air: The Effect of Fare-Free Public 14:30-
Hong Kong Baptist University Transport on Air Quality 14:45
Miss Xinyi LIANG Digital consumers, Pinduoduo and the Distribution of the 14:45-
Hong Kong Baptist University Imported Fresh Fruit from Vietnam in China’s Market 15:00
The Dis-Embedded Technologies: The Factors Behind the

Mr. Zhongsi NIE 15:00-
Failure of the Rural Revitalization Through E-Commerce
Yunnan University 15:15
in a Taobao Village in West China
15:15-
Tea Break
15:30
Miss Rongrong WANG High Quality Collaborative Governance of the Economic
15:30-
South China Seainstitute of Chain of the Geographic Information Industry in the Era
15:45
Oceanology Cas of Smart Earth
15:45-
Q&A
16:00
32
List of Abstracts
Session A1: Rethinking education: teaching and learning, schools
and society, mainstreams and alternatives
Has the Pursuit of Postgraduate Education Become a Social Norm? Examining Through the
Lens of Involution in China
Bonnie Hor Yee, Chen

“Involution” (excessive competition) has taken the Chinese internet by storm in the last two years
and this phenomenon is especially seen in education and employment. This is largely due to the
economic slowdown that led to a challenging job market; prompting more people to pursue
postgraduate study in the hope of better equipping themselves and not falling behind the others.
However, some have argued that the education involution has caused anxiety among young people,
academic inflation, and worsened social injustice. Amid heated debates, this study aims to examine
the factors behind this phenomenon by applying the theory of normative social behavior to
qualitative research. Through in-depth interviews with 15 mainland Chinese postgraduate students,
the results revealed that most of them conform to peer pressure to obtain postgraduate qualification,
while parents’ influence on further study decisions only applied to some only. Postgraduate
education has been regarded as a minimum requirement for joining large companies, despite views
that a master’s degree does not bring extra advantage with its massive number. Most believe
involution is inescapable and it has a spiral effect that affects all walks of life, but some see it as
normal considering the theory of survival of the fittest.
Keywords: Involution, postgraduate, education, qualification, Chinese students
33
Rethinking Academic Environment in Higher Education Institutions: Role of Student
Empowerment and Psychological Ownership
Vineet, Arora;
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Amit, Shukla
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are indispensable in developing a resilient society. Further, the
United Nations’ agenda for sustainable development by 2030 emphasizes effective learning
outcomes at all levels of education, including higher education. HEIs are trying to move away from
hierarchical and rigid structures to become more inclusive and democratic in their approach to
learning to develop a sense of partnership among key stakeholders. Students being one of the critical
stakeholders and consumers of the academic environment, are focused and involved more than ever
before in HEIs. Accordingly, this paper forms its foundation on self-determination theory and extant
literature on psychological ownership. It utilizes a mixed-method research design to empirically
examine the role of student empowerment in building an enriching academic environment that
fosters student satisfaction and learning. We collected data from 428 students enrolled in an
engineering institute and used structural equation modeling to test the research model. The study
findings suggest that psychological ownership mediates the relationship between indicators of
student empowerment and outcomes- student satisfaction and learning. Subsequently, our study
provides recommendations for building an empowering academic environment that germinates
feelings of psychological ownership and thus leads to student satisfaction and learning. The study
not only extends the literature on student empowerment and psychological ownership but also has
the potential to be valuable for the HEI administration, policymakers, faculty members, and
teaching staff.
Keywords: Academic environment, student empowerment, psychological ownership, self-

determination theory
34
Learning poverty in Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina
Jhonatan, Almada
UNESP – São Paulo State University
Carlos da Fonseca, Brandão

UNESP – São Paulo State University
Rethinking education implies paying attention to guaranteeing the right to education, without which
students cannot build successful educational trajectories and contribute to the development of
countries. This article analyzes learning poverty in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, using the data
made available in the World Bank's annual reports on this topic. The countries are the three largest
economies in Latin America and the Caribbean, with the largest territory, population, and federative
and presidentialist regimes. The methodology used is that of comparative education with the
objective of identifying similarities and differences regarding the phenomenon studied. Learning
poverty means being unable to read and understand a short text by the age of 10. The main
similarities are the high rate of learning poverty, the expansion of investments in primary education,
and the proposition of educational policies focused on learning. The main differences are that
learning poverty increased in Argentina and Mexico, even though investment in primary education
was higher in Argentina. Finally, the problem of the quality of education has affected Brazil,
Argentina, and Mexico since before the pandemic of COVID-19, whose impacts are still being
measured and must have worsened this situation, considering that Latin America and the Caribbean
was the region that spent the most time with closed schools. The educational policies launched by
these countries indicate that learning poverty is one of the priorities on the agenda, whose solution
is decisive for the future of these students.
Keywords: Right to education. Learning poverty. Comparative education.
35
“Your Silly Little Things”: Youth Hobbies, Symbolic Violence, and Class Inequality in
Singapore’s Educational System
Cameron, Kheng
Nanyang Technological University
The reproduction of educational inequality is not often examined with reference to extracurricular
activities. When it is, researchers employ imprecise distinctions between ‘structured’ and
‘unstructured’ activities that muddy our understanding of the relationship between social class,
extracurricular participation, and academic achievement. Definitions of ‘unstructured’ activities are
currently too broad, often leading to the under-examined conclusion that working-class youth are
disproportionately engaged in passive, risky, and aimless leisure (e.g., partying with friends,
watching TV). Unless the actual content of youths’ hobbies is properly understood, researchers risk
perpetuating the assumption that all ‘unstructured’ activities are created equal. Through 40 semi-
structured interviews with a diverse sample of upper-secondary students across 18 schools in
Singapore, I find that youth, particularly those from working-class backgrounds, are intensely
engaged in a wide range of hobbies that are ordered, purposive, and self-improving, i.e., anything
but ‘unstructured’. Furthermore, through their participation in these hobbies, academically
underperforming youth activate the same cognitive and behavioral traits (e.g., perseverance,
discipline, ambition) that are otherwise more commonly attributed to high-performing students.
This troubles the essentialist stereotype that working-class youth are incapable of producing the
effort required for academic success. The fact that these tropes persist despite the evidence revealing
otherwise indicates that within the educational system, working-class youth are judged by narrow
and institutionalized taxonomies of ‘success’ over which they have little control. In this article I
employ Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic violence to examine these academic taxonomies and the
structures of power that undergird them. I demonstrate how symbolic power is exercised and
maintained through the framing of working-class hobbies as ‘unstructured’, delinquent, and
irrelevant to academic success. This paper underscores the need for policymakers and educators to
expand their definitions of ‘success’ beyond the academic realm so that the talents and potentials
of working-class youth are accorded their due value.
Keywords: Educational inequality; Symbolic violence; Hobbies; Extracurricular activities; Youth
36
Digitalization amidst Educational Crises: A Comparative Study of the New Media Literacy
(NML) Levels of Philippines and Myanmar
Clyde Andaya Maningo & Sa Phyo Arkar Myo Hlaing

Chiang Mai University School of Public Policy
Among the most contentious discourses of the 21st century is how digitalization can be used
effectively, as technological sophistication evolved with the cataclysmic influx of fake news
proliferation. The focus then is the ideological state apparatuses, particularly literacy education, in
augmenting inoculation against the dangers of digital media. While Traditional Media Literacy
facilitates with outdated patterns of digital media response, New Media Literacy (NML) frames the
adaptation of literacy to the ever-dynamic trend of media development. From this perspective, it is
necessary to integrate NML concepts into national educational frameworks that facilitate honing
NML skills. Anchored from this, the study aims to explore the case of Myanmar and the Philippines.
Both countries have a digital media environment enveloped by information distortions mainly
rooted in tumultuous political climates. The study also utilizes the mixed-methods design and a
comprehensive NML Scale to know respondents’ skills in terms of critical, functional, consuming,
and presuming dynamism. With this, the findings purport that both contexts have similarities in
NML trends yet, differ in institutional responses toward NML skill improvements. Further, the
study argues that notions of educational crises in both countries should be seen in terms of (1) socio-
political contexts that lead to the irresponsive initiatives to improve individual criticality; (2) lack
of focus on NML response; and (3) the implication of state and individual approaches in the fake
news information. Finally, the study presents a multi-faceted response to educational paradigms
derived from interpretive social-scientific approaches in seeing the critical issues concerning digital
media use
Keywords: Myanmar, Philippines, educational policy, New Media Literacy (NML), digital media,
fake news
37
Media Literacy Education in Philippine Public High Schools: Issues, Observations, and
Recommendations
Mr. Mark Pere Madrona

University of the Philippines Open University
The Department of Education (DepEd) started the implementation of the senior high school (SHS)
level in 2016, covering Grades 11 and 12. As a result, subjects that have not been taught before
were taught for the first time, including Media and Information Literacy or MIL.
With the recent push for a review of the K to 12 curriculum, this paper sought to examine the current
conduct of MIL education in Filipino public schools. It began by discussing the historical context
of K to 12 as well as the push for media literacy education in the Philippines.
The paper then elaborated on DepEd’s prescribed curriculum guide for MIL, which was developed
back in December 2013. After that, this research touched on different areas affecting the delivery
of MIL education in public schools, including the preparedness of teachers and access to readily-
available learning materials. The paper concludes by giving recommendations on how MIL
education in public schools can be strengthened for the years to come.
The issues, observations, and recommendations reflected in this paper is culled from the author’s
previous experience as a public school teacher as well as through an interview with Mr. Arniel Ping,
a teacher for MIL at the Saint Stephen’s High School in Manila and the outgoing president of the
Philippine Association for Media and Information Literacy.
Keywords: Media literacy, media and information literacy in the Philippines, media education
38
International Student Mobility in the Gulf Region: Institutional Practices and International
Students’ Perspective
Sharique Umar
Qatar University
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have embarked on economic diversification programs.
Their "National Visions" emphasize the need to diversify the oil-based economy towards a
knowledge-based where the thrust is upon research and development. The spotlight is on the
education sector. Investment across all levels of education has led to significant changes, such as
the improved infrastructure and the quality of education at local universities, the establishment of
various knowledge parks, and the arrival of international university branches in the region. These
developments serve two main purposes. First, to train the local youth population, and second, to
attract the best international talents. Hence, the region's future lies in the success of its educational
programs and its ability to nurture and train a cadre of youth, both nationals and non-nationals,
which can meaningfully contribute to the region's development.
There has been a noteworthy increase in inbound student mobility in the region. Furthermore, today,
not only students but also higher education institutions are on the move, making migration more
complex. Therefore, a holistic understanding of student mobility is paramount in forecasting the
future trajectory of the Gulf region's economy. However, no comprehensive study has looked into
migration policies for international students in the region. Therefore, this paper aims to study
international student mobility to the Gulf region, focusing on what GCC states are doing to attract
international students and how they manage student mobility, what their pull factors are and how
they correspond to the motivations of international students.
Keywords: Education, International Student, GCC States, Student Motivation
39
A Study on the Mechanisms for Integrating Minority Culture into School Education in
Ethnic Minority Areas
Gao Lin
Yunnan College of Tourism Vocation
Wang Yonghua
Office of the Guidance Committee for Minority Language Instruction in Yunnan Province
He Tingting
Mahidol University
In the northeastern and central regions of Yunnan Province, China, there exists a branch of the Miao
ethnic group, known as "Amao". Despite the Chinese government's efforts to promote rural
education, young Amao students still have a high rate of dropping out. One important factor
contributing to this issue is the disparity between the school education system and the traditional
social and cultural awareness of the local community. However, by incorporating local cultural
traditions and introducing courses tailored to the interests of Amao people, such as ethnic physical
education, ethnic cultural courses, and choir, the learning interest and academic performance of
Amao students have significantly improved. This paper examines the integration of minority
cultural elements into school education in Amao settlements, observes changes in students' attitudes
towards learning and academic performance, analyzes and discusses the mechanism of combining
rural education with ethnic culture to enhance the level of ethnic education, and provides a new
perspective for improving the effectiveness of rural education in the country.
Keywords: Ethnic education; Ethnic culture; Integration mechanism
40
Transgender Experience on Universities and Colleges Policy on LGBT and Gender Non-
Conforming Students
Rodolfo B. Valdenarro Jr.

Department of Education, Division of Laguna
Centro Escolar University
rbvaldenarro@ceu.edu.ph
Some Universities and Colleges in the Philippines have crafted Policy on LGBT and Gender
Nonconforming Students, which is being adopted to ensure that all students are safe, included and
respected, regardless of their gender identity or expression — including transgender and gender
nonconforming students.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the operational practices in the university that reinforce
school commitment to respect the dignity of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth,
create a safe, welcoming and free from stigma, bullying, harassment and discrimination
environment for all members of the academic community, and ensure that all youth have equal
access to all available services, placement, care, treatment, and benefits provided by the University.
Qualitative measure provide a meaningful analysis on the challenges faced by transgenders as well
as their experience on University policies and guidelines such provision of Gender Sensitive
Comfort Rooms, Participation in sports activities congruent with their gender identity, Cross
Dressing (gender representation in clothing), strengthened home- school partnership, Gender
Sensitivity Seminars for the whole academic community, Gender and Development integration in
school curricula and pro-active and reactive approaches on cases of bullying, harassment
and discrimination.
Acceptance and respect given by the school makes the transgender students makes them safe at
school, free from verbal and physical harassment due to their gender identity or
expression. Gender-related discrimination is less to happen, transgender students are free from
wearing clothes and use bathroom or locker room based on their legal sex. More importantly
transgenders empower themselves in involving to various school activities that showcases their
talents, leadership brand, initiated community projects – these fruit of acceptance and respect
contribute on the realization of university student development programs and goals.
Keywords: Transgender, Gender Non-Conforming Students, Cross Dressing, University Policy
41
Intensified“Online Kamustahan”in Bridging the Gap of Limited Face-to-Face Learning
Myrna Principe
Siniloan Integrated National High School
The effect of pandemic gave the education system an adjustment in pacing of lessons in Science.
There are topics for self- study under modular approach which give students a confusion. Research
has shown that teaching the lesson via online platform in the students convenient pace helps in
coping up difficult topics in Science especially in times of limited face to face learning. This study
aims to determine how the intervention made (“Online Kamustahan” in bridging the gap of limited
face to face learning) affects the performance of students in Science. A total of 24 grade 12 STEM
students were the participants of the study under purposive sampling. They were given a pretest
and a post-test. Students’ impression toward the intervention was also taken through a 5 point Likert
scale system. Results indicate that there is a highly significant difference between the students’
performance before and after the intervention which caters a p-value of 0.000. with a T-value of -
5.36 as computed. The Likert scale shows that students’ impression was very satisfactory towards
the intervention. It simply proves that the intervention was extremely beneficial to students as seen
by their improved performance following the intervention. This paper wants the intervention to
serve as a countermeasure by teachers as a form of action research every time should they feel a
need for their students in understanding the lesson better. The paper requires further study for future
use in other forms of discipline.
Keywords: online kamustahan, limited face to face, coping up, intervention
42
Exploring Learning Experience of Mainland Chinese Students in Hong Kong Master’s
Education: A Phenomenological Perspective
Shuqian, LIU
The application of adult learning theory (andragogy) in learning has been a popular topic over the
years. After reviewing the literature, the researcher raised some questions: what it will be like if
applying andragogy in the context of Hong Kong higher education? From andragogical
perspectives, what is the nature of the learners? What impact of learning settings will have on their
learning characteristics? To address these questions, this phenomenological study has explored the
learning experience of mainland Chinese students who are undertaking taught postgraduate
programmes for master’s degrees in Hong Kong. Learning should be meaningful and relevant to
the learner. By exploring how do the learning settings of Hong Kong taught postgraudate
programmes impact on the Mainland Chinese students based on andragogical principles and process
design elements, this study seeks to synthesize the main traits of students’ learning in master
education and build a deeper understanding of adult learning. Semi-structured in-depth interviews
have been conducted with ten participants on their motivations, expectations, interests, classroom
engagement, learning activities, and interactions with teachers. Their verbatim transcriptions have
been employed to conduct a thematic analysis for addressing the research questions. Emerging from
this analysis and through an andragogical lens, these participants exhibited key traits associated
with adult learners, including self-directed learning, self-motivated learning, identification of
growth, relationship building and impacts of COVID-19. This research concluded with implications
for future taught postgraduate students and suggestions for further research for programmes at the
intersections of andragogy and master education. This study will contribute to the literature on adult
learning through formal education in non-Western contexts.
Keywords: adult learning, andragogy, self-directed learning, motivation
43
Using Big Data to Improve Teaching Quality
Liqian Peng
Graduates of Chengdu Institute Sichuan International Studies
Muzi LIU
Qiya Zhang
Rangsit University
Zhiwei Guo
Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University
The development of information technology has led to the widespread use of big data and artificial
intelligence in various fields, including the education industry. These technologies can assist
teachers in understanding students' learning situations and improve teaching quality. Smart campus
construction has introduced big data and artificial intelligence into more than 20,000 schools in
China. Online education platforms can evaluate students' learning effects and provide teachers with
teaching suggestions, while artificial intelligence can generate teaching materials and reduce
teacher workload. This study aims to explore how to better apply big data and artificial intelligence
technology to improve teaching quality and to examine the potential applications of these
technologies in education. Although the use of big data and artificial intelligence in teaching is still
in its early stages, more research and practice are needed to verify its effectiveness. Overall, big
data and artificial intelligence offer promising opportunities to improve teaching quality and
provide better educational resources for students.
Keywords: Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Education
44
Rethinking Education: Teaching, Learning, School, Society, and Mindfulness
Pattida Sisukkham
NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences
Recent years have been extremely challenging for education: the pandemic and associated
lockdowns have greatly disrupted learning and associated socialization for students as well as
exposed students to various stressors at home. Even in the absence of the pandemic, students today
are more anxious, more distracted and have more difficulty with learning than it has been observed
prior. This paper proposes that the scope of education, as well as educational methodology, needs
to be expanded to address these issues. Education in most countries continues to be subject and
exam focused with little regards to the mental health of the students as a core component of the
syllabus. This paper argues that one needs to rethink the future of education and incorporate a
stronger emphasis on mindfulness and mental well-being. Mindfulness can deliver a number of core
benefits that can address the key struggles of students, while the absence of mindfulness would
impar even bright students from pursuing academic objectives in a high-stress environment. To
accomplish this, the paper proposes to identify various avenues to incorporate mindfulness into
university level education, adopting a critical, problem-focused design, based on a systematic
review of the current academic approaches to mindfulness in tertiary education.
Keywords: education, emotional intelligence, mental health, mindfulness
45
Internationalization "At Home": Institutional Tension and Educational Mobilities of Sino-
Foreign Cooperation Universities in China
Xinyi, ZHU
Department of Sociology, Hong Kong Baptist University
Sino-foreign cooperative universities, as a new type of university, refer to joint ventures between
China and foreign higher education institutes, which draw much attention in China. Throughout the
Reform and Opening Up, the blossoming of higher education, and the tremendous demand for
internationalized education, there has been a mushrooming of Sinoforeign cooperative education
institutions in China. Although there are numerous existing studies detailing the transformation of
the Chinese higher education system, the issue of Sinoforeign cooperative universities remains
under-explored. My research will pioneer the examination of these questions from a sociological
perspective. Given that Chinese universities have now ascended the global rankings, why do Sino-
foreign cooperative universities continue to grow in China today? What is the rationale behind this
new form of higher education institute? My project explores this neglected aspect of Chinese social
and education reform via a conceptual review of the trajectories of Sino-foreign cooperation
universities in China. The first section positions Chinese young academics on cross-border
campuses at the individual level. The second section explores the institutional tension by connecting
it to the structural and cultural levels. The third section focuses on global educational market
potential and educational mobility. As a result, this project aims to reveal an undercurrent of
political, cultural, and societal dynamics in the Sino-foreign cooperative environment. The finding
has important policy implications for current Chinese social and educational reform, provides
valuable insight for developing internationalized education with Chinese characteristics, and
promotes collaboration involving knowledge and culture across national boundaries.
Keywords: Sino-foreign cooperation universities, Institutional tension, educational mobilities,

Higher education in China
46
Reviving and Continuing the Tagalog Concept and Knowledge of Pasig: Sharing the Best
Practices of Culture-Based Education during the Days of Uncertainty
Danim R. Majerano, MA
Kapitolyo High School
PHILIPPINES
Ryan G. Lualhati
Vichitrapittaya School
THAILAND
'Proto-Philippine Language' is thought to include the word “pasig.” This often refers to locations
close to any body of water. Moreover, it relates to the town or city. According to several academics,
this Tagalog word denotes cultural origins stemming from riverine culture. This idea, however, was
realized as the past indigenous responses are about returning to future challenges due to the vigorous
push to improve culture-based education even during the height of the pandemic. The idea of using
the native language of Tagalog as the main medium of instruction in the topic Trends, Critical
Thinking Skills in the 21st Century has received particular emphasis and attention to cultural
practice. By incorporating and advancing culture-based education throughout the entirety of the
lesson itself, it is possible to respond proactively to the lesson on Imagined Communities and
Creative Imagination. This endeavor presents "an educational philosophy and a teaching technique
where instruction and student learning are anchored in the distinctive cultural beliefs, values norms,
knowledge, heritage, practices, language, experiences, and cultural expressions of the community."
This project will show daily lesson plans, modules, assessment tools, and students’ output as a basis.
The Tagalog language "pasig" is indeed an important concept and knowledge that will make
language and culture more interesting. In a world devastated by the pandemic, it was proven that
even in a short span of time studying the indigenous past of young Filipinos, they realized that they
should never forget their indigenous past using concepts and knowledge of “pasig.” Its flows
through their consciousness, identity, and history from the past up to the days ahead.
Keywords: Pasig, Tagalog Language, culture-based education, pandemic, cultural praxis
47
A Conceptual Framework For Research On Student Agency
Claudia, Chan
The University of Hong Kong
The purpose and definition of education - a relative concept to respond to social needs – have been
driven towards empowering student agency from manufacturing workers in the 18th-century
industrialization context. Educators in the 21st century are eager to nurture students to be self-
directed and agentic lifelong learners to equip students with the ability and flexibility to face the
unknown challenges in the VUCA world of our time. While new curricula and policies have been
adopted in Hong Kong in the recent education reform, such as introducing School-Based
Assessment, project-based learning, and life-wide learning in formal schooling, ironically, formal
schools are no longer the only major source of learning for students. Going to tutorial schools after
a long school day or at weekends has been a growing global phenomenon. While the operation and
practices of tutorial schools are less controlled by policymakers, given the popularity of tutorial
schools, they are of huge, yet inconclusive, potential to enhance or weaken the educational
initiatives adopted by formal schools. A key to answering the question of the impacts of tutorial
schools lies in the level of agency students exercise in shaping and curating their own tutorial
learning experiences. How do students understand and consume tutorial learning? How do students
learn in tutorial schools? More importantly, how do students curate (or not) their own learning
experiences from tutorial materials? Can tutorial schools enhance our educational initiatives in
empowering students as lifelong learners, or are tutorial schools suppressing students’ curiosity,
motivation and self-directedness in learning? My proposed research will explore students' power
and subjectivity in learning. A conceptual framework for the research will be presented.
Keywords: learner agency, shadow education
48
List of Abstracts
Session A2: Rethinking education: teaching and learning, schools
and society, mainstreams and alternatives
An Investigation of the Music Performance Ability and Happiness Among Preschool

Education University Students
Lirou, Wen1; DR. BEH WEN FEN1; Feng, Wang2

1
Department of Music, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya
2
Department of Educational Foundation and Humanities, Faculty of Education, University of
Malaya
Background: Preschool education university students (PEUS) play a crucial role in shaping
children's health and personality development. The music performance ability (MPA) and
happiness (HP) are two vital factors for PEUS. While previous studies have focused on either MPA
or HP, no scholar has investigated the relationship between these two factors among PEUS.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the correlation between MPA and HP among PEUS.
Methods: This study was conducted via Wenjuanxing, which a popular online survey APP in
mainland China. Orff test and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) were used to measure MAP and
HP, receptively. The data was analyzed by Wenjuanxing online SPSS system. Analysis methods
include data descriptive, Pearson correlation research as well as Two-way MANOVA.
Results: We collected 217 questionnaires, of which 188 responses were valid (86.6%). While
majority of the participants were female students (93%) and come from rural area (79%), less than
10% students come from single parent family (7%) or sole child family (6%). Our results showed
no statistically significant correlation between MPA and HP (r = 0.021, p > 0.05). Demographic
variables had no significant effects on PEUS’s happiness (F (72, 655) =.846, p >. 05) or music
ability performance (F (108, 625) =.474, p >. 05).
Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is no significant correlation between happiness and
music performance ability among preschool education university students. Moreover, demographic
variables such as gender do not affect the results.
Keywords: Music Performance Ability, Happiness, Preschool Education, University Students
49
Exploring Students’ Perception on Translanguaging
Lin, HUANG
Students have been learning English since grade 1 in primary school, and teachers apply the
situational approach and task-based approach during the teaching and learning process, in which
the first language (L1) is restricted to create an authentic language environment. However, some
students are not able to engage in the class, because of language barriers while learning. Pedagogical
translanguaging emphasizes the meaning-making process via fully utilizing linguistic and semiotic
repertoire sources, which blurs the bound between first language (L1) and second language (L2).
This study finds the importance of learners’ feedback on improving the quality of second language
education and explores students’ perceptions of translanguaging practice in class and how it affects
their access to understanding content and involvement in class activities. The data are based on
ethnographic research on students from the 4th grade of a primary school in Chengdu, Mainland
China, and are collected through interview. The analysis of the data offers a holistic understanding
of students' difficulties in learning language and their selection of appropriate linguistic and
semiotic resources to overcome language barriers in school context and further facilitate their
application of L2 in social context. And pedagogical implications will be provided according to
students’ perceptions.
Keywords: Translanguaging, Primary school, Second language education, Pedagogy.
50
Instructed Foreign Language Attrition of College Students from a Science and Technology
University in China
Nuo, Xu
Beijing Foreign Studies University
Foreign language (FL) attrition that focuses on the loss and deterioration of language skills
explicitly instructed in class is a common yet under-researched phenomenon. The present study
aims to provide some preliminary insights into the many pending questions in FL attrition by
carrying out a cross-sectional, quantitative study on college students from a science technology
university in China. It examined participants’ two dimensions of language skills, namely vocabulary
and grammar, and the self-assessed change on overall proficiency across the incubation period of
as long as four years and the correlations between various factors, including age, education, English
learning experience, the frequency of exposure and use, motivation and attitudes, etc., and FL
attrition. Some major findings include that language learners tends to overestimate the effect of
language attrition on their performances, and that the proficiency level at the onset of language
attrition and emotional affiliation can help mitigate the effect of FL attrition. Hopefully, it can
provide some valuable insights as to the importance of holding positive attitudes towards English,
enhancing English proficiency levels instead of stooping learning too early, and keep practicing
even when instruction ends.
Keywords: Foreign language attrition; Instructed FL attrition; Attitudes; Motivation; Cross-

sectional study
51
Content-Based Vocabulary Strategies on Enhancing Students’ Comprehension
Trencio, Icy Princess A.

Department of Education, Siniloan Integrated National High School
Reading has been one among the macro skills that entitled students to enter into the broad world of
learning. If students experience reading difficulties, they're less likely to possess the acceptable
knowledge domain and vocabulary necessary for comprehension of texts in content-area classes.
DM 173, S. 2019 also known as the 3Bs Initiative or Hamon: Bawat Bata Bumabasa of the
Department of Education, reveals overall results of the National Assessment test that there are still
deficient in literacy skills of both elementary and secondary students both in languages and content
areas, more so in reading.
The purpose of this research is to identify how content-based vocabulary instruction and strategies
are effective for improving comprehension in Oral Communication subject of struggling Grade 11
readers who are identified using the purposive sampling technique. This research used the
Descriptive -Qualitative Research design where interview and field notes are the data gathering
procedure employed, and were treated using thematic analysis, while, for the profile and level of
academic performance were treated using frequency, rank distribution and paired T-Test.
Results showed that majority of the respondents are female who belonged to marginal
socioeconomic status. The learners’ performance assessment, revealed that the 11 struggling
readers fall under Specific Word Reading Difficulties (SWRD), characterized as to have below
average skills on fluency, reading comprehension and decoding words and spelling. Participants
claimed that through the 4-Word Vocabulary Strategy students understanding the term easier due
to the various concept integrated in this technique like putting illustration, definition, providing
real-life example and using the term in a sentence. Finally, there is a significance difference from
their previous quarterly performance in the subject, from “Did not meet expectation” remarkably
improved to “Satisfactory”.
Keywords: content-based, vocabulary development, struggling reader
52
Project “Lang-Use-Arch”: Enhancing Language Use in Research Writing of Senior High
School Students
Florigine D. Tamesis
Department of Education, Siniloan Integrated National High School
To improve the quality of their research papers, students should have a solid basis in language use,
including grammar and sentence structures. Therefore, conducting a lesson on how to properly
utilize research language, including syntax and sentence structures (which are more suitable in
research writing), is anticipated to be of significant assistance in solving this issue.
This study was conducted to improve the language use of Senior High School Students of Siniloan
Integrated National High School which included thirteen (13) participants from grade 11 who were
taking up Practical Research. It utilized a quantitative research design via experimental design
wherein teaching sessions through video lessons about subject-verb agreement through a research
writing terminologies approach.
Based on the results gathered, when it comes to the pretest scores of the students, they got a
satisfactory level of language use in research writing. Meanwhile, for their post-test performance,
they got a very satisfactory performance on language use in research writing. However, in terms of
the test of significance between the students’ performances before and after the intervention. It
clearly showed that their performance on language use in research writing had greatly improved
that catered to a p-value of 0.000 which means it is highly significant.
It could be therefore concluded that the intervention done in enhancing the language used in
research writing of students helped them to improve their language use. Additionally, more
interventions that were related to syntax in research writing were recommended.
Keywords: research writing, language use, grammar, intervention
53
Students’ Experiences of English-Medium Instruction at the Postgraduate Level: Challenges
and Sustainable Support for Success
Benjamin, MOORHOUSE
Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
Yuwei, WAN
Department of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
An increasing number of students are exploring overseas destinations and English-Medium

Instruction (EMI) environments for their postgraduate studies. While it is known that students can
often struggle in an EMI environment, the challenges faced by postgraduate students, and the
support they receive or need, are not fully understood. By adopting a two-stage qualitative
sequential data collection approach, this study explored the experiences and perceptions of full-time
postgraduate students from Mainland China studying in a one-year Master of Education programme
at a Hong Kong university during their first semester. Data were collected through an online survey
(N = 73) and three in-depth group interviews (N = 12). The analysis of data offered a holistic
understanding of the students’ challenges, needs, and struggles. The findings indicate that teachers,
programmes, and students themselves all have a part to play in ensuring students’ adjustment in the
EMI context at the postgraduate level. Several sustainable support strategies are proposed to assist
postgraduate students in adjusting and succeeding in the EMI context.
Keywords: English-Medium Instruction (EMI); postgraduate students; Hong Kong; EMI

challenges; EMI sustainable support strategies
54
Implications of the Post-Covid Alternative Education Personalization Concept for
Educational Reform
MUZI LIU
LIQIAN PENG
Chengdu Institute Sichuan International Studies
SIJUN WANG
Jilin Animation Institute
JIAJING JI
WakoUniversity
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a shift towards online teaching, presenting both challenges and
new opportunities for schools, and has had a profound impact on post-pandemic regular teaching.
Traditional education has been criticized for remaining a product of the industrial era, providing a
"spoon-feeding" approach to education that prioritizes mass productivity over nurturing students'
creativity and multiple intelligences. Such an approach is no longer consistent with the concept of
21st-century education, which emphasizes the growing needs of students' developing minds. This
paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of alternative education concepts and practices
through observations and surveys of students and parents who have experienced alternative
education, as well as by reviewing previous studies on alternative education. The paper suggests
that educational reform should integrate both traditional and alternative education to provide new
ideas for applying alternative education concepts in other educational settings in the post-COVID
era.
Keywords: Alternative Education，Educational Reform，Innovative talents
55
Exploring the Possibilities of Body Motion Data for Musical Instrument Education: A
Pilot Mocap-Driven Case Study
Mingfu, QIN
The Academy of Music, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
It is common that musical instrument learners should take years to practice for skill acquisition.
One of the essential skills could be their conscious control and appropriate use of their bodies to
deal with the musical instrument, which allows them to consistently manage sound production
and achieve better music expressivity. While many studies have emphasized the role of body
movement in music performance, few have made endeavour to examine body movement patterns
in music expressivity from a kinesiological perspective. This study thus aims to: 1) quantitatively
investigate the range and frequency of motion of a violinist’s main body parts in performances,
and 2) develop a framework to describe and visualize a violinist’s body movement patterns. In
this study, a renowned violinist was invited to perform two typical music excerpts under four
body movement conditions (i.e., free-motion, restricted, head-and-upper, and full body
movement conditions), whose body movement patterns in the performance were captured and
recorded through a MoCap system. The violinist was asked to perform as consistently expressive
as possible under difference body movement conditions. Data was analysed using Pandas and
visualised through Blender. Results showed that the violinist could perform the music excerpts
properly under different body movement conditions. There was great variability in motion ranges
and frequency for the violinist’s main body parts under different body movement conditions. The
findings suggest that the MoCap technique could be a useful tool to reveal body movement
patterns of music performance, and that body movement might exert influence on music
expressivity. Future studies could empirically test the effects of varied body movements on music
expressivity based on our findings and explore the appropriate instruction of body movement use
in music education.
Keywords: body movement patterns, Motion Capture, music education, violin performance,
56
A Comparative Study of Social-emotional Development of K3 Children with Working and
Non-working Mothers in Hong Kong
Yu Sze, Wong
School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University
Both community and Education Bureaus show their attention to socialemotional development in
early childhood education. Moreover, it is common for maternal work in Hong Kong and different
educators hod various viewpoints on the correlation between employment status and the
developmental growth of children. A study is conducted to compare the performance of Hong Kong
K3 children (aged between 5 and 6 years old) with working and non-working mothers. Besides, this
study is aimed to collect and interpret the perception of effective parental involvement from
kindergarten principals, teachers, and mothers in order to find the significant factors that influence
the developmental growth of children. In this study, a total number of 213 mothers of K3 children
from five kindergartens, 3 principals, 3 teachers, and 3 mothers participated in questionnaires and
interviews respectively. The results of this research depict that children with working mothers have
better performance than children with non-working mothers in the aspect of social development and
self-care ability. However, children with non-working mothers have finer performance than
children with working mothers in the aspect of emotional development. Besides, it is found that the
educational level of mothers, the quality and adequate time spent with children, and the perception
of effective parental involvement of parents have highly influenced the social-emotional
development of children. Therefore, this study serves as a reference for the relationship between
the social-emotional development of children and the employment status of mothers in improving
parent education in the future. The government should provide more support and enrich the
guideline for promoting effective parental involvement in parent education. Moreover, Hong Kong
kindergartens should implement and organize more useful parent activities in order to enhance the
development of children.
Keywords: social-emotional development, working and non-working mothers, effective parental

involvement
57
Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence on Family Functioning in Middle and Late
Childhood Children
Sitharie Thilakarathna
Department of Education Psychology, Faculty of Education,
University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
This study aims to determine the influence of family functioning and how it effects on the
development of the emotional intelligence of the children in middle and late childhood. The concept
of emotional intelligence (EI) is a relatively new and growing area of the behavioural sciences
especially in the field of Psychology. The study was carried out as a survey; under the descriptive
research design and sample included 100 students of both in gender studying in grade 5-7 which is
10-12 years respectively. Selection of the sample was based on purposive sampling technique.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered during the sample selection and all subjects gave
informed consent. Questioners for students and interview schedules for parents were given to gather
data which was analyzed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed by
IBM statistical package SPSS 23. Socio demographic data sheet was used to collect participant’s
details. Family Functioning Questionnaire (FFQ) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire -
Child Form (TEIQ-CF) were used as tools to assess family functioning and emotional intelligence
respectively. The main objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of family
functioning and parent child relationship on emotional intelligence in children in fifteen and sixteen
years of age. There was a significant and positive effectiveness between family functioning and
emotional intelligence of the school going children who were in the age of ten, eleven and twelve
years of age. Healthy and positive family functioning plays a vital role in developing high and better
emotional intelligence of the school going children. The poor family functioning leaded the low
emotional intelligence of the children and it caused maladaptive behavioral and emotional problems
of the children and may also affects low academic achievement.
Keywords: Family functioning, Emotional Intelligence, middle and late childhood
58
School Teacher’s Attitudes towards Inclusive Education regarding Children with Special
Educational Needs
Udeshini Perera
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Inclusion education means that all students are part of the school community, regardless of their
strengths and weaknesses Almost for the last 25 years this has been practised all over the world.
The integration of children with special educational needs in ordinary schools has been a main
aspect of providing educational rights to each and every child. Inclusive education is a good practice
in education which provide opportunities for students with special educational needs (SEN) to learn
in a regular classroom environment with other normal students apart from a special education
classroom. This article is a literature review related to ongoing research titled “School teacher’s
attitudes towards inclusive education regarding children with special educational needs The paper
reviewed research papers, journals, and educational reports and analyzed them to identify the
themes related to the topic. Structurally, the article first establishes the teacher’s awareness of
inclusive education based on strong empirical evidence. Then the influence of personal variables
on teacher’s attitudes towards inclusive education was established based on scholarly articles.
Finally, the influence of professional variables on the teacher’s attitudes towards inclusive
education was inquired by reviewing the empirical evidence. The literature emphasizes that the
awareness of the teachers about inclusive education is not at a satisfactory level. Moreover, the
analysis showed of both positive attitudes and negative attitudes are with teachers. Teachers’
attitudes toward inclusive education were found strongly influenced by their professional variables
rather than their personal variables.
Keywords: Inclusive education, Students with special educational needs, Personal variables,
professional variables.
59
Extension and Application of Online Teaching Mode in Higher Vocational Education in the
Post Epidemic Era
Ronglu Sun
Harbin Vocational and Technical College of Modern Art and Design
Tingting He
Mahidol University
Integrating and optimizing online and offline teaching has become a crucial focus of teaching
reform in higher vocational colleges. Despite the emphasis on practical training and experience in
higher vocational education, theoretical training still accounts for a substantial portion of the
curriculum due to objective conditions, and traditional offline teaching methods remain prevalent.
The outbreak of the pandemic provided an opportunity for the implementation of online teaching,
which was well received by both teachers and students, offering valuable insights for future teaching
and research. The evolution of teaching methods from complementary to integrated to transcendent
has been the subject of significant academic interest. The present study aims to investigate the
effectiveness and feasibility of integrating online and offline teaching methods in higher vocational
education. The research design will include a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and
quantitative data collection and analysis methods, such as interviews, surveys, and observations.
The study aims to identify the benefits and challenges of integrating online and offline teaching and
suggest practical strategies for optimizing the integration process. This research is significant as it
aims to offer insights into the best practices for teaching reform in higher vocational colleges.
Keywords: Online education; vocational school; Post epidemic era
60
Examining the Effectiveness of ICT-Assisted Instruction on Mathematics Achievement
among Preschoolers
Cong Liu
Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman
Faculty of Education, University Malaya
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been integrated into preschool children's
learning through various hardware and software, playing an essential role in the modernization of
early childhood education. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of empirical
studies on the effectiveness of ICTs assisted instruction on preschool children's mathematics
achievement in order to obtain more general evidence. A systematic search of English-language,
peer-reviewed, and randomized controlled studies was conducted to identify those eligible for
inclusion. The study selection criteria were satisfied by 19, totaling 3,900 sample sizes. The results
showed that ICTs had a positive and medium effect on preschool children’s mathematic
achievement (SMD = 0.673), especially on reasoning (SMD = 0.642) and numeracy (SMD = 0.641)
achievements. Under different moderating variables, such as the type of ICT devices and the
experiment period, the effect of ICTs assisted teaching on preschoolers’ mathematics achievement
was different. Touch-screen ICTs devices (SMD=0.834) and experimental periods of fewer than 4
weeks (SMD=0.769) had high effect levels. Flexible ICTs device selection and ICTs teaching time
adjustments may need to be highlighted in order to improve the efficacy of mathematics teaching
and the mathematics achievement of preschoolers. The findings of this meta-analysis may expand
the practical educational knowledge of preschoolers' achievement in mathematics and provide
general evidence for instructing early mathematics learning.
Keywords: meta-analysis, ICTs, mathematics achievement, preschool children
61
Introspection and Prospection of Education: Exploring the Role of Schools and Society
in Fostering Digital Literacy for Children
Zhijun, Dong
22455205@life.hkbu.edu.hk
In the modern era, information and communication technology (ICT) has experienced rapid
growth, and its integration into education has become an inevitable trend. The COVID-19
pandemic has further highlighted the importance of information and communication technology
as schools and educational institutions worldwide have resorted online learning to ensure
continuity in children's education. Despite the numerous benefits, the reliance on electronic
technology brings about challenges such as cyberbullying, privacy disclosure, and ethical
concerns surrounding technology usage. As the guardians of children's physical and mental well-
being, schools and society must assume a shared responsibility in addressing these challenges.
However, merely defending against negative information is insufficient in today's rapidly evolving
information era. Instead, fostering children's digital literacy and empowering them to
become responsible digital citizens should be a priority in education. Digital literacy is beyond
technical knowledge, encompassing the abilities to explore, evaluate, create, and communicate
information effectively and safely in this increasingly digital world. The paper systematically
analyzes the role of schools and society in facilitating the development of digital literacy in
children through incorporating it into the curriculum and boosting children's digital literacy
competencies. In addition, there is a need to call for a collaborative approach between schools and
society to introspect, retrospect, and prospect the future of digital literacy education for children.
The author examines the implications of digital literacy and offers recommendations for further
research in this area.
Keywords: Information and communication technology; Digital literacy; Children
62
Helicopter Parenting in Hong Kong: Perceptions of Kindergarten Teachers, Parents and
Professionals (University Lecturers and Kindergarten Principals)
Ng Chiu Yee
This research is aimed to (1) explore how kindergarten teachers, parents and professionals
(university lecturers and kindergarten principals) in Hong Kong define helicopter parenting; (2)
investigate features of helicopter parenting and (3) differentiate the helicopter parenting and
traditional parenting styles. The qualitative method is utilized to collect data through the semi-
structured focus groups interviews with 9 participants who are separated into 3 groups including
parents, kindergarten teachers and professionals groups. The result depicts the definition of
helicopter parenting among 3 groups of interviewers. Participants define helicopter parenting as a
parenting style with negative meanings for labelling the certain parents group who overprotect
children with discrepancies. Kindergarten teachers and professionals groups stated overprotection
is not a must and can be eschewed while the parents’ group described they just show their care and
love through overprotecting and should not be labelled. Additionally, this research covered
helicopter parenting characteristics. All in all, a comparison between helicopter parenting and
traditional parenting styles is found. With my future study about counselling and guidance, the
above studies are the way forward on further research about the relationship between helicopter
parenting styles, gifted children’s learning and the counselling area.
Keywords: Helicopter parenting, traditional parenting styles, characteristics, comparison
63
List of Abstracts
Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representations of Foreign Domestic Workers in South

China Morning Post During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shenyan, Zhou
This study examines the discursive representations of foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in South
China Morning Post (SCMP) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. While existing
studies relating to domestic workers mostly focused on analyzing interviews or personal narratives
of the workers’ own experience, the current study focuses on how they are portrayed in the news
reports produced by SCMP, an established English newspaper in Hong Kong. Using critical
discourse analysis, corpus analysis and the theoretical framework of Fairclough’s three-dimensional
model (1989), this study identified the linguistic features and strategies employed to present FDWs
in 92 news articles from January 2020 to April 2022. The findings reveal that the Hong Kong
government is often represented in a positive way, while the domestic workers are often described
negatively. In these negatively connotated representations, domestic workers are constructed as
potential virus carriers and the great arrival number of workers is seen as a threat to Hong Kong.
Besides, the deep-rooted ideology that expects domestic workers to be docile and submissive, there
is also the long-standing invisibility of ethnic minority in Hong Kong which is believed to be
responsible for the inferiority of domestic workers in the pandemic time. This study provides
insights to better understand this vulnerable group and calls for more attention to them.
Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, foreign domestic workers, news reports, Covid-19, corpus
64
The Mediated Subject as the New Embodiment of the Social Order: Rethinking Modern
Picture-Based Online Dating as Discursive Spaces
Tobias Kamelski
Lingnan University, Department of Sociology and Social Policy
Following the introduction of the modern smartphone standard in the late 2000s and 4G
transmission technology in the early 2010s, societies have shifted towards accelerated, visual forms
of communication and social coexistence, that find their contemporary expression in services like
Instagram, Tumblr, Xiaohongshu, as well as in online dating platforms like Tinder, or Tantan.
Modern online dating is mobile, picture-based, and trendy. It is critical to recognize the popularity
of these services beyond their accessibility or potential to generate revenue. Online dating apps like
Tinder serve a critical function for constantly accelerating societies in which establishing new
partnerships is becoming increasingly difficult. In light of this ever-increasing hybridisation of
digital spheres with everyday life, it is pivotal to understand how these new mediated technologies
of the self shape contemporary social reality. Drawing on Althusserian, Foucauldian and Hegelian
theory, this presentation discusses modern picture-based online dating platforms as condensed and
highly accessible discursive spaces that maintain and (de)construct cultural orders of knowledge
and ultimately induce the production of mediated subjects.
Keywords: Digital discursive space, Digital hybridisation, Mediated subject; Picture-based online
dating; Social order of knowledge
65
An Exploration of the Ways of Reconstructing Traditional Tea Culture with Collective
Memory Theory --and its Philosophical Implications for Contemporary Existentialism
Jiangyan, WANG
Tongji University
"The nature of the nation is that each individual has many things in common and at the same time
each individual has forgotten many things...". The "collective memory" occupies a corner of what
the nation holds in common, and the material objects and symbols it contains are intertwined to
form something that is attached to and imposed on this material reality and shared by the group.
Throughout the past five millennia, the collective memory of the Chinese people has been activated,
shaped and passed on as history evolves in a constant state of forgetfulness; and one of the most
typical symbols of memory is tea.
If we look at the definition of "tea" alone, it is nothing more than a habitat in nature, a cup of colour
and flavour, a drink that quenches thirst and nourishes the body, baked by the hands of a tea master.
However, beyond the material attributes, what is more worth exploring is the civilization and beliefs
that tea carries. The long-standing tea culture has brought with it a rich history, but it has left the
Chinese people without a sense of tea and without a clear collective memory when it comes to the
integration of collective memory.
The need to recreate the collective memory of tea is urgent, because in the field of human
development, the essence of traditional Chinese culture, represented by tea, has always been the
spiritual driving force and spiritual pillar that has sustained the unity and development of peoples
and consolidated the unity and stability of nations. How should we construct the collective memory
of tea, what kind of integration of memory resources about tea is needed, what values should be
chosen? All these need to be considered from the height of the common spiritual home of the
Chinese nation.
In this regard, this article will attempt to use the theory of collective memory in political philosophy
to explore the ways of revitalizing Chinese tea culture and to provide a reference direction for the
theoretical practice of existentialism during the post-pandemic era, so as to better lay the foundation
for the realization of the Chinese dream.
Keywords: collective memory, tea culture, contemporary existentialism, human development
66
Pre-manufacturing Consent: The Recruitment Process and Datafication of “Tool Person(s)”
in the Chinese High-Tech Industry
Ziyu, Wang
Wenjuan, Zheng
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
How do platform companies recruit and control workers? Existing studies often focus on
managerial control and, more recently, algorithmic control over workers' bodies and minds during
the production phase—the process also known as "manufacturing consent". However, few have
empirically examined how recruitment serves as a part of the overreaching apparatus of control
prior to the production phase. Drawing on an ethnographic study at the HR department of one of
the largest international high-tech companies in China with supplemented interviews with HR staff
and job seekers, this study examines how high-tech companies use big data, technology, long
interviews, and illusionary language framings to sort, select, and train a trope of readily submissive
high-skilled workers, a process we termed "pre-manufacturing consent." On the one hand, big data
and algorithms streamlined many hiring processes, and datafication of salary and personal
information enables companies to artificially elevate an employer’s market, reducing workers’
bargaining power. On the other hand, employers still insist on costly and tedious recruitment
practices to further pre-manufacture workers’ consent for 996 work culture (i.e., work from 9am to
9pm, six days a week). We argue that the design of the recruitment process is not based on merit
but to maximize the likelihood of hiring submissive workers ready to be exploited and reduce the
likelihood of workers’ resistance to the abusive working culture beforehand. 
Keywords: Consent, Labor control, Technology, Employment, Recruitment
67
“Old Habits Die Hard?”, Rethinking Why More Women Justify Violence Against Other
Women Than Men: Assessing the Roles of Culture and Modern Media Consumption in
Attitudinal Modification
Bamidele Emmanuel OLA

Sociology Department, Hong Kong Baptist University
Several studies have shown that contrary to expectations, women are more likely than men to justify
violence against other women. This study examines the social realities of this in an African context,
examining the specific roles of gender, cultural backgrounds and access to modern media in the
formation and reformation of gender attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women
(IPVAW) in Nigeria. Using nationally representative survey data collected from a total sample of
55,132 men (15 – 59 years) and women (15 – 49 years) in Nigeria, Africa’s most populated country,
this study tests two main hypotheses: (i) women than men will be more likely to justify IPVAW,
(ii) Access to modern media will not return similar outcomes in men and women’s IPVAW attitudes
such that while some media influence the rejection of violence (e.g., internet usage), others would
encourage violence (e.g., local media television viewership or newspaper readership). Data were
analyzed using a combination of bivariate chi-square and multiple logistic regression analyses.
Consistent with the first hypothesis – women (29%) were about 32% relatively more likely to justify
IPVAW than men (22%). They were also about 52% relatively less likely to have used the Internet
weekly (13%) compared to men (27%). Internet usage reduced IPVAW acceptance in Women and
men, but local newspaper readership increased acceptance, as hypothesized. Overall, this study
highlights large digital gender gap in media usage and calls for increase in equal opportunities for
women to access the internet as men in Nigeria and elsewhere with similar patriarchal structures.  
Keywords: Gender attitudes; Intimate partner violence against women; Media consumption;
Nigeria
68
Neoliberal City, Neoliberal Self: 7-ELEVEN Convenience Store as a Work Companion in
Everyday Life in Guangzhou
Qian, Chen
Department of Humanities and Creative Writing
China's urbanization has undergone a significant neoliberal transition following Deng Xiaoping’s
reform and opening up policy in 1978, and it continues to hasten its pace in the establishment of
new urban spaces and promotion of new lifestyles., The year 2014 witnessed the issue of the
country’s first official urbanization plan, National New-Type Urbanization Plan, in which the
promotion of urban living quality and the creation of a more convenient consumption environment
are highlighted as core development objectives. Convenience stores transform into key urban
landscapes in this environment since they are substantial urban infrastructures and intersecting
public spaces for consumption and convenience.
The current qualitative research chooses 7-ELVEn, the most representative convenience store
brands in Guangzhou as research sites. The fieldwork from September to December in 2021 that
includes participant observations and semi-structured interviews enabled me to observe and talk to
participants on their everyday experiences in 7-ELEVEn stores. The findings suggest that 7-
ELEVEn store is largely connected with work scenes of employees. In this regard, several narratives
and on-site observations are selected to illustrate how 7-ELEVEn becomes a significant work
companion for these participants in their daily life, and to further demonstrate how their visions and
experiences of convenience in 7-ELEVEn convenience stores help them construct their neoliberal
selves in a neoliberal urban context. The current study argues that the ideology of convenience
works as a trope and strategy to produce labor and to construct neoliberal selves. Furthermore, it
also meshes nicely with the Chinese Dream ideology, a politically crystallized form of neoliberal
urbanism, which holds that everyone in modern Chinese society should work hard to pursue the
wellbeing for themselves and their families.  
Keywords: 7-ELEVEn; convenience; neoliberal urbanism; neoliberal self; the Chinese

Dream
69
Work and Life Balance: Understanding the Digital Users in the Context of Social Media
Usage as Represented in Dave Egger’s novel The Circle, Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman’s
film Nerve, and Charlie Brooker’s Black Mirror “Nosedive” Episode
Marie Jude Bendiola

Philipps-Universität Marburg
In recent years, American studies scholars such as Marc Prensky, John G. Palfrey, and Urs Gasser
have introduced the Digital User divide, which distinguishes between Digital Immigrants and
Digital Natives. Digital Immigrants were born before the prevalence of digital technology while
Digital Natives have grown up accustomed to the use of digital gadgets in a world that depends on
the Internet. So far comparatively few attempts have been made to establish a relationship between
the cultural representation of emerging technologies and their direct or indirect impact on Digital
Users. The present research attempts to understand this fluctuating relationship by providing a clear
picture of the ever-changing concept of the Digital User. It is important to understand the
environment into which a Digital User is born but also how this user is continuously affected and
influenced by technology, specifically in terms of balancing work and life.
This paper is situated in the context of cultural and media studies within the field of American
studies. A close reading of how digital users are represented in Dave Eggers’ novel The Circle and
Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman’s film Nerve, in comparison to Charlie Brooker’s Black Mirror
episode “Nosedive” provides the general framework. The analysis considers various models and
theories to outline the effects of social media in their culmination in the 21st century as represented
in popular culture. The four main sections of this paper discuss the relevance of social media’s
impact in building a technological workspace and the role of these disruptive technologies in Digital
Users’ lives. Specific case studies are identified in order to engage in an explorative approach in
recognizing the interdependence of the framework of this research to various social proof which
takes place at the given timeframe presented in this paper.
Keywords: Digital User, Social Media, Popular Culture
70
Digital Christianity: How Digitalization Affects the Christian Beliefs and Practices of Young
People
Wayne, CHOONG
Sociology, Nanyang Technological University
In (re)thinking and (re)imagining the future forms of social realities, structures and agencies, the
sphere of religion cannot be excluded. For much of the world, religion and/or spirituality remains
and promises to be a fundamental pillar of present and future social orders. Digitalization,
complicates this pillar of religion. It drives emerging patterns of social life while disrupting
established orders of societies globally, and religion is not exempt. The pervasive and rapidly
evolving influence of digitalization on everyday life and religion makes it a perennial area of interest
and necessary study. This has led to the emergence of a growing academic field: digital religion.
Unfortunately, the relationship between Christian youth and digitalization in Singapore has not been
the subject of sufficient academic research. Based on extensive original field data and digital text
analysis, this ethnographic research examines digital Christianity through the case study of a
megachurch in Singapore. More specifically, it examines the impact of digitalization on the beliefs
and practices of Christian youth.
The data reveals that young people's religious identities evolve within an ecosystem of direct and
indirect digitalization. Indirectly, their Christian beliefs and practices change with the digitalization
of religious communities and religious authority. Directly, the digitalization of their beliefs and
practices is observed in their faith-based use of social media and communication/messaging apps.
For this conference, the data presented will focus on the digitization of religious authority. Through
the conceptualization of three distinct but overlapping spheres of authority, the impact of
digitization on each will be explored in turn, highlighting the authority-adherent (structure-agency)
dynamics in each. A discussion of the resultant outcome and evolution of religious authority as
liquid authority will follow.
The presentation, although a small part of a larger study, proposes the possible futures of digitalized
religion, religious individuals and religious communities.
Keywords: digital religion, youth, religious authority, Christianity, sociology of religion,

Singapore.
71
Youzhi (优质) as Discriminative Discourse in Chinese Gay Dating Platforms
Zihao, ZHOU
Under enormous and constant discrimination and marginalization from heteronormativity-

dominated Confucian society, Chinese gay men heavily depend on digital space as safe social space,
where heteronormativity, hierarchy, and exclusion have not been erased but replicated and
enhanced to certain extent, and among these the intragroup discrimination is a prominent one.
There is a large body of Western-based research focusing this issue, yet it is still understudied in
the context of China. This study manages to fill in this gap by examining the discriminative
discourse of Youzhi (优质), roughly translated into high(-)quality, which is unique to and prevailing
around Chinese gay online dating platform. From a perspective of sexual field, this study explores
the reproduction, mechanism, and variation of this discourse in user profiles posted on the platforms
along with the coping strategies adopted by other users in face of this discourse. In a broader sense,
this study hopes to showcase the nuanced relationship between structural hierarchy and inequality
reproduced and enhanced by the infrastructure of dating platforms, and (lack of) agencies
represented by the restive users.
Based on my finding, the discourse of Youzhi (优质), basically manifests self-investment in

pursuing and accumulating sexual and erotic capital with hegemonic masculinity as the currency,
and additionally stresses other kinds of human capital when the platform with particular
infrastructure and patron base switches. Besides, resonating with the logic of Suzhi (素质), the
discourse of Youzhi with its ambiguity, through a dichotomy of high-quality/low-quality, viciously
speaks explicitly about hierarchy without using the word hierarchy. Though some users internalise
this suppressing discourse, it also evokes resistance which unfortunately has reinforced the
hierarchy by more often challenging the qualification of the discourse user instead of the discourse
itself. Along with the emerging consensus over the standard of Youzhi, Chinese homonormativity
is generated and reproduced.  
Keywords: Gay Dating Platform, Intragroup Discrimination, Sexual Field, Inequality, Youzhi,
China
72
Sociotechnical and Future Imaginaries in the Expo 2020 Dubai and the Museum of the
Future
Ross Cheung
Division of Sociology, Nanyang Technological University
The Expo 2020 Dubai, themed “Connecting Minds, Creating the Future” features three areas,
namely Opportunity, Mobility and Sustainability, with one of the objectives being to achieve the
Dubai Vision 2021 and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Although
Dubai won the bidding in 2013, due to the global pandemic, it was deferred for one year.
This research sees promoting national identity as a diplomatic campaign and publicising technology
of its own country in the World Expo is another representation of ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’
(Jasanoff & Kim, 2015) and how the ‘Future’ is as ‘pre-given’, promised, and possible statements
(Hubbert, 2017). With an average of 15,000 steps per day, I collected about 6,000 photos, 6 hours
videos, and 21 interviews during my fieldwork from 21 February to 9 April 2022 in Dubai, the
United Arab Emirates. As a future city, there are a couple of sights to observe the future
technologies and their imaginaries in Dubai. In the Vision Pavilion ends with a quote from HH
Sheikh Mohammed: ‘This is only the beginning of the story’ which his wisdom will guide the
future. Dubai is a city in the UAE, founded in 1971, is a federation of seven Emirates. Another
example is the newly built Museum of the Future, a female tour guide, claimed that she is from the
year 2071 and let the visitors role-play to land in space. Dubai in 2071, the centennial of the country,
is projected with lots of high-rise buildings, high-speed transportation tools, and robots. What kind
of future imaginaries and visions are behind the Expo 2020 Dubai and the Museum of the Future?
This paper attempts the ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’ to analyse the Expo 2020 Dubai and the
Museum of the Future. It will take the online and offline materials as a case study method to reveal
their imaginaries. The partial data is collected from NTU-sponsored fieldwork in Dubai during the
Expo from February to April 2022.Maximum length of the abstract is 300 words. It should appear
at the top of the first page, after the names of the author(s), in a section titled "Abstract".
Keywords: Asia, performing the Future, small states, sociotechnical imaginaries, World
Expo
73
Mixed-Orientation Marriage: A Conceptual Review in Malaysia and Asian Context
Ai Jing, Lim
National University of Malaysia
Chun Hong, Gan

National University of Malaysia
Mixed orientation marriage (MOM) is where both partners do not have the same sexual orientation,
it can be one partner identified as homosexual or bisexual, while the other partner identified as
heterosexual. MOM is a complex phenomenon, particularly in Asia context with a lack of
understanding of the unique cultural and social factors related. This conceptual review examines
MOM as a concept with literature searches on mixed orientation marriages in the past five years
through Pubmed and EBSCO databases that yielded 107 results, of which 11 articles met the
inclusion criteria for review. The results suggest issues related to psychological adjustment,
communication, and social support in MOM may require specialised attention from clinical
psychologists and other clinicians. The discussions focus in Malaysia and Asia context on
experiences, challenges and coping strategies in such marriages using perspectives in Sociocultural
Theory which emphasize the importance of culture, social norms, and individual agency in shaping
behavior and attitudes related to MOM. It serves as a valuable framework for understanding the
experiences of MOM in Malaysia, a multicultural country with conservative and modernized social,
religious and cultural values. Societal and cultural expectations, family pressures, and personal
desire for companionship are the possible factors that contribute to MOM, which may differ in
Malaysian and various Asian context due to diversified social, cultural and religious norms that
require culturally sensitive research. Religious factors such as dominating Islamic practices in
Malaysia and traditional cultural values such as Confucianism in Chinese Malaysian community as
well as regions in East Asia including Hong Kong are among the important aspects for further
investigation to enhance understanding and sensitivity in mental health practices for this unique
minority population. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive social cultural analysis of the
recent research to provide more academic inputs psychosocially for individuals in mixed orientation
marriages. 
Keywords: mixed orientation marriages, married lesbian, married gay, homosexual in heterosexual
marriages
74
Relationships of the Future: The Students’ Dating Experiences in Virtualized Communities
Andrew James Viloria Infiesto

Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology
Central Mindanao University
This study explores the students’ experiences in using online dating applications. Dating has been
made easy and accessible in this generation. The use of online dating applications has revolutionized
our dating practices and transformed how people look for love. With the increase in smartphone
technology and access to online platforms, online dating has become mainstream. As a result of
being a viable option for single people looking for fun and love, it has become a source of social
dilemmas. Meanwhile, the gap between the existing literature on this topic in the Philippines and
this study is wide. Related articles that focus on the students’ online dating behavior in the
Philippines are scarcely seen. Using a qualitative research design, the researcher interviewed
informants who have engaged in online dating. This study found that students engage in online
dating because of (a) the influence of friends, (b) curiosity, (c) boredom, (d) loneliness and sadness,
(e) longing for affection and intimacy, and (d) sexual factor. This study showed the typical online
dating pattern—the talking stage and the stage where their intentions are realized. Because of online
dating applications, social problems such as (a) harassment, (b) online scams, (c) academic
distraction, (d) infidelity, (e) premarital sex, and unsafe sex practices are highly increasing
compared to the time where people practice traditional dating. The informants’ overall engagement
in online dating platforms affected their judgment and way of deciding and evaluating their choice
of actions by each available option to produce advantage, pleasure, and happiness. 
Keywords: Relationships; Dating Applications; Virtual Communities; Hook-up; Digital Citizenry
75
Help-seeking for Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Study among Internally
Displaced Women in Myanmar
Aye Myat Myat Win

Intimate partner violence is a social problem that has attracted the attention of scholars from diverse
disciplines. It adversely affects not only physical, psychological and social well-being of women
survivors but also children’s welfare and society at large. Consequently, help-seeking becomes vital
to reduce negative outcomes from the violence. Limited studies have done on helpseeking for
intimate partner violence in Kachin State, Myanmar. Therefore, this study intends to fill this gap by
exploring women survivor’s help-seeking behaviors in the area. Online interviews were conducted
among women who have experienced intimate partner violence and are living in internally displaced
camps of Kachin State, Myanmar. Findings showed that informal help-seeking was common, and
few sought formal help. Majority of women survivors sought support from informal sources such
as family members, friends, colleagues, and neighbors. Only few reached out to formal support
organizations. Various micro, meso, and macro-level factors shaped their help-seeking behaviors.
Violence severity, knowing on services availability, shame, previous negative experience on
seeking support, consideration of the violence as private matter, cultural and religious beliefs,
language barrier, and confidentiality issue had substantial impact on support seeking of women
survivors. Accordingly, help-seeking for the violence is the intersection of gender, culture, religion
and migration. As a result, prevention and response service provision should be done which are
culturally inclusive and aligned with the needs of women living in ethnic area.
Keywords: help-seeking, intimate partner violence, internally displaced people
76
List of Abstracts
The Initiative on the Practice of Sustainable University: A Comparative Study at Umy and
Usm
David EFENDI
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
The issue of climate change and other environmental problems has become a global problem. This
certainly encourages various stakeholders to take strategic steps to overcome this problem by
implementing sustainable development agendas (SDGs). This creates higher education institutions
such as universities in Indonesia (UMY) and Malaysia (USM) taking part in various green campus
measurements. Participating in green campus measurements demonstrates the role of universities
in Indonesia and Malaysia in contributing to good university governance and reflects their role as
universities in mitigating the impact of climate change caused by the use of non-environmentally
friendly energy and waste. This study aims to analyze the factors of how higher education
institutions such as UMY and USM initiate and motivate to implement green campuses and
sustainable universities. Therefore, the results of this study expected to serve as guidelines to
motivate other higher education institutions to implement the concept of sustainability in their
university environment. This research is qualitative research using a comparative study between
universities in Indonesia and Malaysia. This research data uses interviews from the university
website, especially university leaders and all related stakeholders, and secondary data such as
relevant documents and articles related to this study. Therefore, in this study, the authors will use
the framework theory of planned behavior, which systematically analyses the factors that influence
the behavior of stakeholders, especially university leaders, by looking at three factors, namely
environmental motive and concern, educational university programs, and promotional activities.
All in all, this research found that the two universities (UMY and USM) have strong initiative on
the practice of sustainable university.
Keywords: Sustainable University; Climate Change Mitigation; Indonesia-Malaysia Universities;

Green Campus.
77
Breaking Down the Gender Pay Gap in Singapore: A Study of Gendered Citizenship and
Masculine Capital
Ethel, Wee
Despite women achieving almost equal educational attainment and increased labor force
participation rates, the gender pay gap remains a persistent societal issue in Singapore. Through in-
depth interviews with working Singaporeans and stay-at-home parents, I find that National Service
(NS) and the state play a significant role in gendering male citizenship, resulting in the emergence
of masculine capital in the workplace. This awards men certain privileges, such as higher starting
salaries for the same role and experience, thus perpetuating the gender pay gap. Male citizenship in
Singapore perpetuates the breadwinner ideology, where men are seen as both providers and
protectors of women and the family. Conversely, female citizenship sees women deprioritizing
work commitments and career progression to continue taking on the bulk of caregiving
responsibilities. Consequently, women internalize and normalize these gendered norms and
reproduce traditional gender roles themselves. The public sphere remains male-dominated, and the
emergence of masculine capital leads to a further legitimization of work done in the public sphere
and a devaluation of unpaid work in the private sphere. This qualitative study thus highlights the
intersection of the military, the workplace and the home as gendered spaces that not only reproduce
and reinforce the gender pay gap but produce unequal forms of gendered citizenship.
Keywords: Gender Pay Gap, National Development, National Service, Gendered Citizenship,
Masculine Capital
78
Can Financial Incentive Boosts Fertility Rate? Evidence from Hong Kong
Zixiao, Feng
The purpose of this paper is to analysis the impact of Tax allowances for married person and young
parents on the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Hong Kong. It is believed that many people today are
avoiding or delaying giving birth due to the unaffordable costs associated with raising children, and
this is especially the case in Hong Kong. To alleviate some of the financial burden for parents, Hong
Kong government has been providing financial incentives. The Child Allowance is an annual tax
deduction for each child and the Married Person Allowance is a one-off tax deduction on the year
of getting married. During the period from 1989 to 2021 the amount of these tax allowances has
increased dramatically, as a form of a financial incentive, they have brought extra income to a
family. And I assume the higher income has a positive effect on the TFR, based on the convention
that children are normal goods (its demand increases with income). To analyze this effect, I applied
annual aggregate time series data during 1989 to 2021 to the Autoregressive Distributed Lag
(ARDL) Model, where the tax benefit and other endogenous covariates enters the right-hand side
of the equation, and the TFR enters the left-hand side. To account for the dynamic effects and make
the time series stationary, I transformed each variable into the log-differenced term, which can be
interpreted as growth rates. The empirical results suggest a positive impact of the tax benefit on the
fertility rate; however, the impact is subtle. Some limitations of this analysis are discussed at the
end.
Keywords: Total Fertility Rate, Child Allowances, Income effect on childbearing
79
Apprehending the Transport Network Vehicle Service: Apparatgeist and the
(Re)Production of Practices in the Sharing Economy
William Barry Codera

Ateneo de Manila University
The emergence of Transport Network Companies (TNC) in the Philippines introduced technology-
mediated sharing practices via smartphone applications and private car services. Using Apparatgeist
and practice theories, this study used a qualitative approach to examine how such technology-
mediated sharing practices produce and reproduce the everyday practices of drivers and riders in an
urban area like Metro Manila. These practices include understandings, meanings, images, bodily
and mental activities, expertise, as well as material artifacts, objects, and infrastructures. At the
center of this study is the materiality of smartphone use in the case of the Transport Network Vehicle
Service (TNVS), which complements the TNCs’ technological platforms by providing “partner
drivers” or transportation services. The study conducted twenty-one semi-structured interviews
with partner drivers selected through theoretical sampling procedures to capture partner drivers'
diversity. The study shows that the skills and competencies afforded by smartphones facilitate the
engagement of partner drivers in the ride-sharing economy. Initial and subsequent meanings
attached to smartphone technology affect its design and implementation by the TNCs and its
significance accorded to them by users, non-users, and anti-users. However, the function of the
smartphone is not mainly deterministic because it afforded the partner drivers the agency to decide
what is best for them and reproduce ride-sharing practices that enable their goals.
Keywords: Apparatgeist Theory, Practice Theory, Sharing Economy, Agency, Smartphones
80
Marked Identities within Unmarked Work Practices: Revealing a Nuanced Hierarchy of
Disability in Singapore’s Employment Context
Kerri, Heng
Markedness and unmarkedness are key concepts in the Sociology of identity. Marked people/things
tend to carry stigma, such as disability. Unmarked people/things, such as able-bodiedness, tend to
hold privilege yet go unnoticed in everyday life. Few studies have specifically named disability as
marked and the arena of employment as unmarked. This qualitative research explores the
markedness of disability within the unmarkedness of able-bodied work practices. Through 27 in-
depth interviews with persons with sensory disabilities (PWSDs), job coaches who help to find jobs
for persons with disabilities (PWDs), and employers of PWDs in Singapore, I have found and
named seven able-bodied work practices that PWSDs struggle with, that typically go unmarked.
These work practices include traveling to and from one’s workplace, and answering/making phone
calls.
I also found that PWSDs tend to uplift themselves by unmarking disability from the context of their
work lives and presenting themselves as capable workers. Most importantly, PWSDs, job coaches,
and employers have articulated a hierarchy of disability, ranking persons with sensory and physical
disabilities above persons with developmental, intellectual, and mental disabilities in terms of work
and employment. This hierarchy of disability is a new way to think about social realities, structures,
and agencies. For instance, who are the most valued PWDs in the workforce? Where are PWDs
situated in able-bodied work practices? Who has the agency to mark and unmark persons with
different disability types, and how do these forms of marking and unmarking contribute to the
hierarchy of disability? I conclude with possibilities for further research arising from Singapore’s
employment-related hierarchy of disability.
Keywords: Marking, Unmarking, disability, identity, employment, Singapore
81
The Motivating Factors in the Transjudicial Cross-Citation of Foreign Human Rights
Norms–Evidence from the Philippines
James Gregory A. Villasis

University of the Philippines Institute of Human Rights
The paper explores the motivations behind the transjudicial conversation phenomenon on human
rights norms in the context of the Philippine Supreme Court. Transjudicial conversation refers to a
judicial occurrence where a domestic court cross-cites foreign judicial opinions. The analysis of the
decisions delivered by the Philippine high court from 1987 to 2019 on issues involving free speech,
religious freedom, and environmental rights revealed that the court is an interlocutor in the
transjudicial conversation phenomenon. The examination of these cases alongside relevant
literature revealed that the motivations behind this engagement may be attributed to the genealogical
linkages between the domestic rights guarantees in the 1987 Philippine Constitution and their
foreign counterparts, the historical-political alliances between the interlocutor or participating
courts, the constitutional system and orientation of the borrowing courts, and the foreign academic
training of the judge who authored the decision.
Keywords: transjudicial conversation; judicial globalization; human rights; Philippine Supreme

Court; and migration of human rights norms.
82
Universalism and Cultural Relativism of Human Rights
Sandesha, Perera
University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Human rights are regarded to be of universal importance. Nevertheless, there are occasions when
cultural values supersede universal human rights. There are instances in the international system
where states do not adhere to the notion of human rights. Out of those instances, this study focuses
on female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C), practiced by many communities as a cultural
practice violating universal human rights. The research problem of this study is to identify how the
concept of human rights differ according to different cultures. The main research objective is to
evaluate the most efficient method regarding human rights, whether it is the dialogue of the two
concepts: universalism and cultural relativism or monologue of each concept. To carry out the
research, qualitative data analysis is used, employing secondary data sources and content analysis
to get into the conclusions. According to the data analysis, it is visible that FGM/C violated the core
human rights which are mentioned in the UDHR, CEDAW and CRC, such as the right to life,
freedom from torture, the right to be free from discrimination, and right to privacy inter alia. When
considering the debate of universalism and cultural relativism, it is visible that human rights is a
western concept introduced in 1948 only with the consent of 50 states which is enforced upon the
rest of the world, disregarding other cultures and religions accepting only Christianity and Western
culture. The international human rights mechanisms are not mandatorily binding upon the states,
making the concept of human rights redundant. Therefore, according to the findings, there should
be a dialogue between universalism and cultural relativism without discriminating against cultures
and religions worldwide.
Keywords: Human rights, FGM/C, Universalism, Cultural relativism
83
Transition Lives and New Femininity: After Overseas Female Graduates Return to China
Xinyi, ZHU
There has been an increasing number of female students studying in western nations during the past
decades, but things are not as smooth as expected when they return to China as haigui. Young haigui
women are now at a crossroads in reconciling Chinese neotraditional patriarchy with their post-
feminism sensibility. Haigui women’s dilemmas reveal an underexplored aspect of the current
studies on the transforming lives of female overseas graduates after they return to China, including
the gender bias those young women experience in their post-study lives. It thus explores the
representation of new femininity, and the progress of feminism in urban China. Indepth interviews
and thematic analyses will be conducted in this study to first investigate how long-term educational
mobility affects women's career development. Second, explore the media representation of overseas
graduate women, and how they cope with social stigma by focusing on the marriage market. The
third section discusses how those women reconstruct their selfidentity and re-represent new
femininity in urban China. The findings will explicate overseas graduate women’s intersectional
identities in their post-study lives, have practical implications on transnational educational mobility
in transforming young women's lives, and present young women's strategies in reconciling conflicts
when facing gender bias in the labour market and marriage market.
Keywords: Overseas graduates women, Educational mobilities, New femininity, Gender bias,
China
84
Addressing the Plight of Disabled Girls in China: Enhancing Legal Awareness and
Promoting Equality
Xiaohui TANG
Chengdu University
Despite the introduction of disability rights laws in various countries, disabled girls continue to face
significant challenges, with numerous incidents of abuse and marginalization reported even in 2023.
In China, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Disabled has been enacted,
yet many individuals remain vulnerable, and their futures uncertain. This study examines the factors
contributing to such incidents by analyzing news events involving disabled girls and perpetrators'
confessions from the past two years. We found that the Chinese public, while aware of the existence
of disability rights laws, lacks familiarity with the specific provisions. This highlights the need to
incorporate legal education into compulsory schooling to foster legal awareness from a young age.
Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of promoting the social status of disabled
individuals, as public attitudes often view them with compassion rather than as equals to able-
bodied persons. To effectively protect the rights and interests of disabled persons, we advocate for
raising public awareness of their protection and equality, while adopting a dialectical approach to
avoid overcorrection and encouraging a more balanced perspective on disability.
Keywords: disabled girls, China, legal awareness, compulsory education, public attitudes, social
status, protection, equality, dialectical perspective
85
Analyzing Ways in Which Pigeon Pea Production (Re) Shapes Parenthood Among Climate-
Smart Agricultural Farmers of Lira and Alebtong - Uganda
Tugume, Howard
Makerere University
Ssali Sarah
Makerere University
The evolution of parenting in society continues to affect individual roles at work and home as labor
participation alters social structures, specifically motherhood and fatherhood. With climate-smart
agriculture technologies (CSA technologies), farmers are pursuing increased income, soil-related
benefits, and food for home consumption in ways that might affect parenthood. To mitigate the
effects of such changes on family structures, parenting, and production, family and production
policies may need to be revised. The researchers collected data from 256 pigeon peas farmers in
Lira and Alebtong on predictor variables (production goal orientation, gender, income, climate
awareness, contract farming, attitude towards pigeon pea production, attitude towards parenting,
acres of pigeon peas, number of CSA technologies, parenting expenditure) to determine how they
predict time (parenting time and farming time). A preliminary descriptive analysis indicates
significant differences in parenting time between farmers who mainly produce pigeon peas for
income (+18%), farmers who primarily produce pigeon peas for soil benefits (+7%), and farmers
who mainly produce for home consumption (-25%). Also, mothers spend more time (20% more
than fathers) on parenting and on pigeon pea production. Based on the preliminary study, CSA
technology advocates should incorporate farmers' main reasons for production decisions into their
technologies. Different approaches may be needed to encourage mothers to participate in CSA since
they seem more involved in parenting than fathers. Our study used a novel approach to the subject
matter that will benefit from future detailed analyses.
Keywords: Parenthood, climate-smart agricultural technologies, farmer production goals parenting

time farming time.
86
How and When will Employees Build Organizational Citizenship and Career Commitment:
The Role of Need-Supportive Leadership Based on Self-Determination Theory
Wangnong LIAO
City University of Hong Kong
Organizational citizenship behavior is usually regarded as a desirable outcome as employees make

extra contributions to organizational effectiveness, although it is neither officially requested nor
rewarded. Employees should engage in such extra-role behavior out of their free will, otherwise
being pressured to give more is a form of exploitation of employees. This situation of feeling
compelled to engage in organizational citizenship behavior in violation of the principle of
voluntariness is defined as citizenship pressure, which makes employees suffer a sense of resource
strain and meanwhile generate negative emotions about their organizations, supervisors, and
coworkers. Pressure-driven organizational citizenship behavior and organizational development
based on exploitation of employees are unsustainable because they come at personal costs to
employees, depleting them without regard to their needs. Consider combining the interests of the
organization and employees into a dual outcome and building a win-win relationship for sustainable
development，this study, based on self-determination theory, explores how to nurture employees'
autonomous work motivation and subsequently build organizational citizenship and career
commitment. Specifically, need-supportive leadership helps meet the psychological needs of
employees (i.e. autonomy, competence, and relatedness), thus facilitating their internalization of
work activities and aligning their work motivation with their personal goals, values, or interests.
Work motivation from within is autonomous in nature and leads to autonomous input behaviors at
work. Such behaviors of employees are not accidental and temporary, but are lasting, and then
become a stable character, including devoting themselves to the current organization and career.
The study also explores the relationship between career commitment and organizational citizenship
and suggests that career commitment is also a spontaneous engine for employees to develop
organizational citizenship.
Keywords: organizational citizenship, career commitment, need-supportive leadership, self-

87
Income and Gender Inequalities, Country-level Social Support, Traditional Bullying and
Cyberbullying Victimisation: A Multilevel Cross-National Study
CHANDA Patrick
Sociology and Social policy
Lingnan University, School of Graduate Studies
Prior research suggests that adolescents who live in countries with high levels of income and gender
inequalities are more likely to be at high risks of violent and property victimisation. However,
research has not largely examined how income and gender inequalities would influence traditional
bullying and cyberbullying victimisation. Extant literature indicates that social support can
moderate the association of income and gender inequalities with victimisation. Nevertheless, it
remains unclear how health and education expenditure can moderate such relationships. Country-
level data were combined with data from 158,117 and 162,792 adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 in
the 2014 and 2018 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) surveys from 27 European
countries. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses examined the influence of income and
gender inequalities on traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimisation, and the moderating role
of country-level social support in these associations.
Findings suggest that high levels of income and gender inequalities were associated with increased
odds of traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimisation. The findings signify that adolescents
who live in countries with higher levels of income and gender inequalities are more likely to be victims of
bullying than those in countries with lower levels of income and gender inequalities. Findings demonstrate
that income and gender inequalities were significantly related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying
victimisation among adolescents with low levels of social support. The findings expand extant literature on
the influence of income and gender inequalities on bullying victimisation, and the buffering effects
of health and education expenditure in such associations.
Keywords: organizational citizenship, career commitment, need-supportive leadership, self-

88
Knowledge as a Key Element of The Competency Model of the Millennial Generation
Entrepreneur
Alexander Znosko – Czarnecki

Kozminski University
This article aims to identify the position of knowledge in the competence model of the Generation
Y entrepreneur. It should be noted that the first part presents the essence of the attribute that is
knowledge and places it in the competence model, thus emphasizing its meaning and importance.
The next step was to place the millennial generation, which is also the subject of the study, in the
competence model indicated above, thus emphasizing the entrepreneurial inclinations that
characterize the millennial generation. The third point of this thesis is crucial, as it is here that the
position of knowledge in the competence model of generation Y is presented. It should be
emphasized that the competency model mentioned above is part of the factual scope of the study.
The fourth point presents the characteristics of the research methods used, which were used to
identify the knowledge position in the competence model. It is worth mentioning that a literature
review and a diagnostic survey technique using an online survey tool were used to achieve the aim
of the article. It is important to note that 26 entrepreneurs aged between 1984 and 1997, representing
various industries, participated in the study, which is presented in the fifth section. The study was
concluded with a summary, which clearly defines the position of knowledge in the competence
model of the millennial generation entrepreneur.
Keywords: Competence model, competence, knowledge, entrepreneur, generation Y
89
The Impact of Digital Currencies on Economic Globalisation
QIYA ZHANG
Rangsit University
JI JIAJING
Wako University
LIQIAN PENG
Chengdu Institute Sichuan International Studies
XIN WEN
Rangsit University
Digital currencies are a digital form of money and they are becoming more and more widely used
around the world. As the popularity and adoption of digital currencies continues to grow, they are
beginning to have an increasing impact on the global economy. Digital currencies have a variety of
features, including decentralisation, anonymity and speed and convenience, which make them
important for global trade, investment and payments. The popularity of digital currencies offers
new opportunities for the globalisation of the global economy. Digital currencies can improve the
efficiency of cross-border payments and reduce transaction costs and risks, thereby facilitating the
development of global trade and investment. Innovative technologies for digital currencies, such as
blockchain, can also accelerate the digitisation and diffusion of global trade. However, the
popularity of digital currencies also poses a number of risks and challenges. The market volatility
and lack of regulation of digital currencies could lead to financial instability and market risks. In
addition, the proliferation of digital currencies may also lead to financial inequality and regulatory
challenges. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of digital currencies on economic
globalisation, analyse the advantages and disadvantages of digital currencies, as well as the potential
risks and challenges of digital currencies on global economic development. Finally, the paper will
propose some coping strategies and recommendations to ensure the stable and sustainable
development of digital currencies in the global economy.
Keywords: digital currency, blockchain, Economic Globalization, Opportunities and

Challenges
90
List of Abstracts
Session C-1: New challenges and perspectives in sport, physical
education, and health

Effectiveness of a Parent-Focused Intervention Targeting 24-H Movement Behaviors in
Preschool-Aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jie Feng a; Wendy Yajun Huang a; Cindy Hui-Ping Sit b

a
Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University
b
Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of a parent-focused 24-hour movement behavior
intervention among preschool-aged children in Hong Kong.
Methods: It was a three-arm randomized controlled trial. A total of 147 preschoolers (4.8 ± 0.9
years old, 56.5% boys) and their parents (37.3 ± 5.3 years old, 15% fathers) were randomly allocated
into physical activity (PA) + sedentary behavior (SB) group (dyadic approach; n = 47), PA + SB +
sleep group (integrated approach; n = 49), and wait-list control group (n = 51). The theory-based
intervention lasted for 12 weeks, followed by another 12-week follow-up. Workshops, education
materials, interactive questionnaires, and reminders were applied in both intervention groups. At
baseline, mid-intervention (6 weeks), post-intervention, and after follow-up, preschoolers’
movement behaviors (PA, SB, sleep) and demographics were measured. A composite activity-sleep
index (ASI) and compositional data were calculated to present preschoolers’ overall 24-hour
movement behaviors. Generalized estimating equations were performed.
Results: Preschoolers in the integrated approach had less reduction of ASI at follow-up, compared
to that in the control group (3.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07 to 6.76). Preschoolers in both
integrated (vs. control: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.56) and dyadic approach (vs. control: 0.25; 95% CI:
0.04 to 0.45) reported less reduction of the compositional time spent in PA at follow-up.
Furthermore, preschoolers in the dyadic approach reported less increase of the compositional time
spent in SB (vs. control: –0.21; 95% CI: –0.37 to –0.05) at follow-up. No significant differences
were found for the compositional sleep time.
Conclusion: There were unfavorable changes in overall movement behaviors over 24 weeks among
preschoolers, but the changes were mitigated in the integrated intervention approach. Both dyadic
and integrated intervention approaches alleviated the decline of PA, and the dyadic approach
attenuated the increase of SB among preschoolers.
Keywords: physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, randomized controlled trial, preschooler
91
Outdoor Fitness Equipment Use and Health for Older Adults: A Narrative Review
Kailing, Ou
Wendy Yajun, Huang

wendyhuang@hkbu.edu.hk
Background: Outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) describes exercise equipment built in public open
spaces. Using OFE is one of the most popular activities in green spaces globally that provides people
with the opportunity to engage in free physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to review
and update the evidence about the relationship between OFE and older adults' health outcomes.
Methods: Studies were identified through scientific databases and manual searching. Six databases
(MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and
EMBASE(Ovid) were searched on 1 March 2023. We examined whether using OFE enhances
physical and mental health outcomes among older adults aged 60 years and above.
Results: Twelve studies (1 cohort study, 4 cross-sectional, and 7 interventions) were included in
this review. Observational studies found that OFE instalment was associated with higher energy
expenditure, and OFE usage was associated with lower waist circumference and fat percentage,
better gait, and a higher PA intensity and participation. Three types of structured OFE intervention
approaches were identified: (a) supervised group, (b) supervised mixed (individual-tailor and
group), and (c) supervised theory-based educational intervention. Interventions longer than 30
minutes per session (compared to the intervention < 30 minutes) improved older adults’ physical
health. Compared to group intervention, mixed individual-tailor and group intervention further
improved older adults' mental health. The theory-based educational intervention improved self-
efficacy and eliminated exercise barriers. Both mixed individual-tailor and group, and theory-based
educational interventions had high adherence and increased and maintained PA levels in the follow-
up.
Conclusion: Installing and using OFE may be a potentially sustainable approach to health for older
adults. The design of OFE programs should be tailored to individual capacities, incorporate social
activities, and be theory based.
Keywords: Outdoor fitness equipment, Older adults, Health, Narrative literature review
92
Exploring the Effect of Mild Alcohol Intoxication on Creative Thinking: A Placebo-
controlled EEG study
Youjing, Luo
Creativity is not only a source but also a driving force behind human evolution. It has been widely
believed that alcohol consumption can enhance creativity, as anecdotal reports suggest. While
anecdotal reports have suggested that alcohol consumption can enhance creative thinking, the
potential beneficial effects of alcohol on creativity and the underlying neural-cognitive mechanisms
have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore the potential effects of mild
alcohol intoxication on creative thinking through a placebo-controlled EEG experiment. A total of
40 participants (26 females/14 males) were recruited, and their brain activity was recorded using a
64-channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) while they completed a newly-developed language-
independent remote association task (LI-RAT). During this task, participants were presented with
two unrelated pictures on a computer screen and asked to identify an object that connects the two.
The alcohol group consumed beer with a 5% alcohol content, while the non-alcohol group
consumed alcohol-free beer. Behavioral results showed that participants in the alcohol group
produced more correct answers than those in the non-alcohol placebo group, indicating a positive
effect of alcohol on creative thinking. Further EEG analysis, including event-related potential (ERP)
and spectral analysis, provided neurophysiological support for the observed increase in creative
thinking associated with mild alcohol intoxication. These findings offer important contributions to
our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying creative thinking and its potential
modulation by various factors, including alcohol consumption.
Keywords: Creative thinking; EEG; Alcohol; ERP
93
The Impacts of Social Exchange on Referees’ Job Satisfaction: Mediating Effect of
Organizational Trust
Xuan LIU
Department of Sport,Physical Education and Health,Hong Kong Baptist University
Seungmo KIM
Department of Sport,Physical Education and Health,Hong Kong Baptist University
kimsm@hkbu.edu.hk
Research Question: In the extant literature, little is known about factors and mechanisms affecting
referees’ job satisfaction. Based on Blau’s (1964) social exchange theory (SET), this study
examined the relationship between two social exchange relationships (perceived organizational
support and leader-member exchange) and job satisfaction in the referees’ context. In addition, the
current study utilized organizational trust as the mediator.
Research methods: 602 referees were recruited from 13 natures of sports in China. CFA and SEM
analyses were conducted using Amos 23.0. Also, frequency analysis, reliability analysis,
correlation, and regression analysis were employed using SPSS 23.0.
Results and findings: The results revealed that perceived organizational support did not relate to
referees’ job satisfaction, while leader-member exchange showed a significantly positive
relationship with referees’ job satisfaction. In addition, organizational trust fully mediated the
relationship between perceived organizational support and job satisfaction and partially mediated
the relationship between leader-member exchange and job satisfaction.
Implications: (1) Academically, the current study contributes to the extant sport management
literature by first considering leader-member exchange as an antecedent of referees' job satisfaction,
extending the understanding of factors influencing referees' job satisfaction. (2) This study also
contributes to SET by using organizational trust as the mediator, thus explaining how social
exchange relationships regulate referees' job satisfaction. (3) In practical implications, we suggest
that the sports organization and leader frequently host leisure and team-based sports games, thereby
building high-quality relationships with referees. Establishing a fair assignment and promotion
system helps increase referees' trust towards the organization.
Keywords: Social exchange theory; Perceived organizational support; Leader-member exchange;

Job satisfaction; organizational trust; Sport referees
94
Effectiveness of Parent-Based Electronic Health (Ehealth) Intervention on Preschooler’s
Physical Activity, Dietary Behaviors, and Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Peng, ZHOU
Background:
Preschoolers’ lifestyle has become physically inactive, dietary behaviors unhealthy and sleep
routines disturbed, which adversely affect lifelong health trajectories. Parents play a critical role in
improving children’s healthy lifestyles. Traditional face-to-face parent-based interventions are time
commitment and cost-intensive, electronic health (eHealth) have been successful in behavioral
modification as it can be delivered anywhere at any time. However, its potential in Chinese young
children has yet to be examined.
Objective:
To determine the effectiveness of parent-based eHealth intervention on Chinese preschoolers’
physical activity (PA), dietary behaviors (DB), and sleep problems.
Methods:
This study is a two-parallel group, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. The 12-week eHealth
intervention is underpinned by Social Cognitive Theory and consists of interactive modules on PA,
DB, and sleep, with interactive components including games, push notifications, social interaction,
influential agents, goal setting, and personalized feedback. The intervention group is being
compared to a control group, which consists of printed evidence-based recommendations for PA,
diet, and sleep, without interactive components. Data will be collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6
months, with the primary outcome being the preschooler’s PA, secondary outcomes being the
preschooler’s DB, preschooler’s sleep duration and sleep problems, parent’s physical activity,
parenting feeding style, and parenting style.
Significance of the study:
This is the first study to examine the effectiveness of parent-based eHealth intervention in Chinese
preschoolers’ PA, DB, and sleep problems. If found to be efficacious, the prevalence of unhealthy
lifestyles among Chinese preschoolers may be alleviated at a low cost, which not only has a positive
influence on the health of the young children but also reduces the financial pressure on society to
treat diseases caused by poor lifestyle habits.
Keywords: eHealth, physical activity, dietary behaviors, sleep, heathy lifestyle, preschool age
children
95
Correlates of Leisure Time Physical Activity among Older Adults in Bangladesh
Palash Karmakar*
email: 19481241@life.hkbu.edu.hk
Wendy Yajun Huang

email: wendyhuang@hkbu.edu.hk
Purpose: Leisure time physical activities (LTPA) play a vital role in improving overall health and
quality of life, particularly for older adults. This study examined the association of socio-
demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and health-related correlates with LTPA among older
adults in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken from February to October 2021 among 348
older adults (73.9% males) aged ≥65 years in Bangladesh. LTPA was measured using the Physical
Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Multiple linear regressions were performed using IBM SPSS
(version 26) to analyze the association of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), residence, education,
employment status, other income source or financial support, family and neighbours’ cooperation,
fruits and vegetables intake, smoking habits, and long-term disease condition with LTPA.
Results: More than half of the older adults were aged 65-69 years (52.6%), lived in rural areas
(51.7%), had a normal body weight (56.9%), were unemployed or homemaker (62.6%), and had a
lower level (below primary) of education (55.5%). LTPA level was higher for the age group 65-69
years (50.42±34.30), followed by ≥80 years (47.20±36.92), 70-74 years (41.01±30.87), and 75-79
years (36.70±32.99), and for males (49.52±32.69) than females (34.01±34.05). Year of education
(β=0.29; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.40), employment status (β=0.20; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.35), and fruits and
vegetables intake (β=0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.22) were positively, whereas, BMI (β=-0.11, 95% CI: -
0.22, 0.00) and long-term disease condition (β= -0.11; 95% CI: -0.22, -0.01) were negatively,
associated with LTPA.
Conclusions: Education, employment, fruits and vegetables intake, BMI, and long-term disease
state were related to LTPA. Modifiable factors such as regular intake of nutritious diets and
maintenance of a healthy weight need to be further explored in future LTPA interventions for older
adults.
Keywords: Leisure time physical activity, correlates, older adults, Bangladesh
96
Young Adults’ Experiences with Depression in Singapore
Shi Hui Joy, Soo

School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
S200095@e.ntu.edu.sg
There is an epidemic of depression in the world today. According to the World Health Organisation,
more than 280 million people have been diagnosed with depression in 2021, with an estimated 11%
of the global young adult population affected. Similar trends were observed in Singapore; data from
the Singapore Mental Health Study conducted in 2016 showed that 9.2% of young adults in
Singapore have been diagnosed with depression, the highest among the different age groups. There
is hence a disproportionate concentration of distress among young adults both globally and in
Singapore. Here, I set out to explore the following among these young adults: 1) social processes
and conditions in depression, such as social stressors, and self and identity issues, 2) the meanings
they have made of their experiences, and 3) cultural and gender differences in depression. From
interviews with 13 young Singaporeans aged between 21 and 34 who have been diagnosed with
depression at least two years ago, I found that they had experienced major social stressors in
childhood, such as domestic abuse, parental divorce, and peer bullying. Thereafter, a social stressor
in or after their late adolescence led to their developing depressive symptoms. In addition, they
reported that a formal depression diagnosis provided them with relief and social validation. These
findings strengthen my belief that there is a need to better understand the complexities of distress
and disorder. Furthermore, it may also offer a sociological perspective in the study of mental health
and illness.
Keywords: young adults, lived experiences, depression, Singapore
97
Patient-provider Communication and Intentions to Use of Health Services during
Pregnancy and Childbirth: The Role of Patient’s Activation, Trust, and Satisfaction
Md Ruhul, Kabir
School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University
Email: 20481713@life.hkbu.edu.hk
Kara, Chan
School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University
Email: karachan@hkbu.edu.hk
Communication between patients and healthcare providers is crucial for the utilization of health
services. Often women from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) choose not to utilize
maternal health services which results in very high number of maternal mortality and morbidity.
Worldwide, LMICs continue to account for the vast majority of pregnancy-related deaths that are
mostly preventable through the utilization of essential maternal health care services such as
antenatal care (ANC) and delivery care. Understanding the influence of patient-provider
communication (PPC) on the intention to use health services, therefore, is very important. Maternal
health is such an area where PPC can contribute significantly due to its effect on patients’
physiological and psychological health during pregnancy and childbirth. PPC can support women
through pregnancy uncertainties, monitor physiological changes and biochemical indicators, assist
them in making informed decisions regarding facility delivery, and guaranteeing postnatal visits.
However, what components of PPC can contribute to influencing women’s intentions to use health
services during pregnancy and childbirth remains uncertain, unclear, and underexplored. This study
attempts to assess the effect of two important communication behaviors, namely, task-oriented,
cure-based communication and affective, care-oriented communication on the intentions to use
maternal health services. The study will assess the direct effects of the communication components
on behavioral intentions as well as the indirect-mediated pathways. Patient activation, trust and
satisfaction are thought to be the proximal outcomes of PPC, and these outcomes can mediate the
relationship between communication and intentions. Pregnant women's behavioral intentions will
also be examined in relation to two additional, non-clinical factors: perceptions of social norms and
social support. Understanding women’s intentions and how communication components can
contribute to that could provide important insight into developing effective interventions for
improving maternal and child health outcomes.
Keywords: Patient-provider communication, Task-focused communication, Affective

communication, Maternal health, Intentions to use health services
98
Recognizing Socio-emotional Development in Early Years: What Parents Perceive?
Ruhina Binta A Ghani

BRAC ruhina.ghani@brac.net
The early childhood period is crucial for socio-emotional development in children, which includes
social experiences, emotional management, and building positive relationships. Parents play a vital
role in ensuring the healthy socio-emotional development of their children. However, a qualitative
study conducted among 12 parents of 3 to 5-year-old children in urban Dhaka found that they lacked
awareness of socio-emotional development. Although parents were aware of their children's
happiness and grief, they did not have a clear understanding of emotional regulation or self-concept.
Moreover, they emphasized the importance of reading and writing ability over self-regulation for
school readiness. The study also revealed that fathers were more positive in knowing about their
child's daily life and social circle, while mothers were more concerned about their child's education.
The parents emphasized community bonding and outdoor play, but they did not practice turn-taking
during play. The challenges identified by the parents were related to the busy urban lifestyle and
the impact of electronic gadgets on children's playtime. Additionally, challenges related to
inadequate resources and social pressures were identified as barriers to promoting socio-emotional
development. These findings highlight the need for greater awareness and education on socio-
emotional development among parents, particularly in urban areas where social pressures and
limited resources can pose additional challenges.
Keywords: socio-emotional development, early childhood, emotional regulation
99
Identifying Joint Spatial Risk Factors for Hypertension and Diabetes in China: A Bivariate
Joint Spatial Modeling Approach with CHARLS Wave 1 and Wave 4
Zhuoru, Ma
zhuoru001@e.ntu.edu.sg
Saxena, Akshar
aksharsaxena@ntu.edu.sg
As the prevalence of chronic diseases rises among the aging population, understanding the interplay
between hypertension and diabetes and their shared risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention
and treatment strategies. This study investigates the joint spatial risk factors of these conditions and
their spatial distribution across different regions in China using a bivariate joint spatial modeling
approach with data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Wave 1
and Wave 4. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that age, marital status, geographic
area of residence, employment status, and socioeconomic status were significant predictors of both
conditions. The shared component model showed an increase in the shared component of
hypertension and diabetes in most provinces from 2011 to 2018. Disease-specific components for
hypertension and diabetes showed different patterns across provinces. We also find that most
northern and northeastern provinces experienced an increase in shared components for both men
and women. The same trend was observed when comparing working and non-working, retired and
non-retired populations. Our findings suggest that efforts should be directed towards addressing the
risk factors and challenges related to hypertension and diabetes, especially in provinces with
significant increases in the shared component. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial
distribution of co-morbidities in China's elderly population, which can be used to inform the
development of targeted interventions and policies to improve health outcomes and quality of life
for the elderly.
Keywords: Hypertension; Diabetes; Shared Component Model
100
New Challenges and Opportunities in Sports Education: A Comprehensive Analysis in the
Post-Pandemic Era
Airui Yu
Capital University of Economics and Business
2233141707@qq.com
Tingting He
Mahidol University
lareina.he@outlook.com
Shuyu Xu
NHLStenden University
xushuyu8023@sina.com
In the aftermath of the global pandemic, the world has witnessed a surge in economic recovery and
an expansion of the educated population. This growth has fueled an escalating demand for
comprehensive education that encompasses not only intellectual pursuits but also sports education.
The increased interest in sports education, accompanied by rising consumption expenditure, has
consequently given rise to novel opportunities and challenges within the field. To remain relevant
and effective, contemporary sports education must not only lay a strong foundation in promoting
physical health but also seamlessly integrate modern tools, methodologies, and pedagogical
approaches that are attuned to the unique post-pandemic social context. This paper endeavors to
critically analyze and address the multifaceted challenges and opportunities presented by these
evolving circumstances in the realm of sports education, offering valuable insights and
recommendations to inform future strategies and practices in this increasingly significant
discipline.
Keywords: Post-Pandemic; Sports Education; New Challenges;Opportunity
101
The Development and Reflection of Physical Education in the Post-Epidemic Era
Haoran Li
Guangxi university of foreign languages
24971439275@qq.com
Tingting He
Mahidol University
Airui Yu
Captial University of Economics and Business
2233141707@qq.com
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the field of physical education, as schools
and institutions have had to adapt to new safety protocols, remote learning, and disruptions to
regular physical activity routines. As the world begins to emerge from the pandemic, there is a need
for reflection on the lessons learned and a re-evaluation of the role and goals of physical education
in the post-epidemic era. This research paper examines the development and reflection of physical
education in the post-epidemic era, drawing on a range of literature sources and expert opinions.
The paper explores the impact of the pandemic on physical education, including the challenges and
opportunities that have arisen, such as the use of technology, outdoor learning, and the importance
of mental health. The paper also examines the evolving goals of physical education, including the
promotion of lifelong physical activity, social and emotional learning, and health equity. The
research paper concludes with a set of recommendations for physical education practitioners,
policymakers, and researchers to promote the development of effective and equitable physical
education programs in the post-epidemic era. By addressing the development and reflection of
physical education in the post-epidemic era, this research paper aims to contribute to the ongoing
conversation on the role and impact of physical education in promoting health and well-being in
society.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, physical education, Mental health, Social and emotional
learning
102
Examining Cost-value Dimensions among Adolescent Field Hockey Players: A Demographic
Study
Kanagarajah Rarujanai1, Chin Ngien Siong2 & Ruebini Parama Dorai3

1
Institute of Teacher Education Tun Abdul Razak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
2
Department of Physical Education and Health, Institute of Teacher Education Batu Lintang
Campus, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
3
Sekolah Kebangsaan Landeh, Sarawak, Malaysia
Cost-value has been particularly difficult to assess as evidenced by the historical lack of research
on it. Examining cost-value dimensions as an independent construct in the expectancy-value model
could offer significant information about adolescent players’ future performance and achievement,
especially in field hockey. This study investigated the differences in all dimensions of cost-value in
adolescent field hockey players in term of the gender, age groups and locality. 250 field hockey
adolescence players aged 12 to 19 years old whom playing field hockey actively at the club, school
or state level of field hockey were recruited as participants for the study. Paticipants completed the
19-items cost scale designed by Flake et al. (2015) comprises of 5 different dimensions of cost
value. SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 23.0 software were used for data analysis. Task effort
cost (M = 5.04±0.70) scored the highest mean value, while emotional cost had the lowest mean (M
= 4.11±1.07). Results revealed that there was a significant gender difference under outside effort
cost (M=5.17 vs.4.70; p=0.004) and emotional cost (M=3.81 vs. 4.43; p=0.000) dimensions. Female
players showed greater practice of cost dimension compared to male players. All five dimensions
under cost-value showed no significant difference in term of age group. 12-15 years old field hockey
players showed higher total scores for cost dimension compared to players aged 16-19 years old
(M=4.65 vs.4.75). While, participants from northern Sarawak were more determined towards the
practicing cost-value dimension compared to other participants from other parts of the state.
Significant differences among variables in term of location were found in all four dimensions of
cost-value. It is suggested that incorporating cost as an important construct in the expectancy-value
framework could capture best the relations between players’ motivation and their performance in
sports.
Keywords: Cost-value, expectancy-value, field hockey, adolescent
Corresponding author: Kanagarajah Rarujanai (email: rs_kanna85@yahoo.com)
103
Is Qigong an Ideal Alternative Exercise for University Students with Obesity? Evidence
from a 12-Week Intervention Study
Feng, Wang
Department of Educational Foundation and Humanities, Faculty of Education, University of
Malaya. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 50603 Email: wangkungfu@hotmail.com
Lirou, Wen
Department of Music, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
50603 Email: wlr731293652@163.com
Background: Currently, obesity has zoomed a prevalent chronic disease all over the world. In
mainland China, the average obesity rate has over 5.5% for undergraduates. Previous studies have
revealed that overweight and obesity may lead to various metabolic diseases such as hypertension,
type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and so on. Obesity is closely associated with important health
indicators such as lean body mass (LBM), waistline (WL), as well as maximal oxygen uptake
(VO2max).
Purpose: This study identifies the efficacy of Qigong on LBM, WL, and VO2max for undergraduate
with obesity; and further investigate the potential relationship among them.
Methods: 60 participants (BMI ≥ 30) involved and randomly assigned to either the qigong group
(QG) or the convention group (CG). The intervention continues 12 weeks and includes 4 times per
week, 60 minutes each time. A combine of Yijinjing and Zhan Zhuang exercise was conduct for
QG, while stretching exercise for CG. The indicators include LBM, WL, and VO2max, which test
twice pre and post intervention. Paired sample t test and Pearson correlation test were conducted
for research question and analyzed by SPSS.
Results: QG shows a clearly improve on LBM (P﹤0.05), VO2 max (P﹤0.05), and an obvious
reduce on WL (P﹤0.05). CG has no effects (P>0.05) on LBM and VO2 max, but has a significant
reduce on WL(P﹤0.05). Furthermore, there is a strongly positive correlation (p﹤0.01) between
LBM and VO2 max (r = 0.681), VO2 max and WL (r = 0.741), WL and LBM (r = 0.613).
Conclusion: Qigong has an obviously improve on practitioners’ LBM, WL and VO2max.

Therefore, qigong can be an ideal alternation exercise for university students with obesity.
Keywords: Obesity; Qigong; University Students; Alternative Exercise; Health
104
Acute Effects of Different Exercise Forms on Executive Function and the Mechanism of Cerebral
Hemodynamics in Hospitalized T2DM Patients: A Within-Subject Study
Haolin, Wang
School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
L357567@163.com
Wei, Tang
Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
drtangwei@njmu.edu.cn
Yanan, Zhao
School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
ynzhao@njnu.edu.cn
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of aerobic, resistance and aerobic combined resistance
exercise on executive function (EF) and the mechanism of cerebral hemodynamics in middle-aged and older
adults hospitalized T2DM patients.
A within-subject design was adopted. In total, 30 inpatients with T2DM between the ages of 45 and 70 from
local hospital were enrolled. They completed three types of exercise and three different EF tests on three
separate days. An E-prime3.0 software was used to finish the tests, and a functional near-infrared
spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain function imaging system was used to collect cerebral hemodynamic data. One-
way repeated measurement ANOVA was used to explore the differences of each index after three different
types of exercise.
Compared with the baseline level, all the test indexes of the executive function task after combined and
resistance exercise showed significant improvement (p＜0.05). Compared with aerobic exercise (AE),
inhibition (combined exercise, CE: mean difference = 162.91ms; resistance exercise, RE: mean difference =
106.68ms) and conversion function (CE: mean difference = 111.78ms; RE: mean difference = 86.95ms) had
a significant improvement after CE and RE. Based on the cerebral hemodynamic data of fNIRS channels,
the concentration of HbO2 in the brain regions related to executive function increased after three kinds of
exercise, and the improvement of executive function after CE appeared synchronously with the activation of
blood flow in the brain regions of DLPFC and FPA, and the improvement of inhibitory function after RE
appeared synchronously with the activation of the brain regions of DLPFC. The HbO2 concentration in the
Broca's area increased significantly after AE, but the executive function did not improve significantly.
The CE is preferred in the improvements of executive function in the T2DM patients; while RE is preferred
for the improvements of inhibitory function. Moreover, synergistic mechanism exists between cognitive
function and blood flow activation in the specific brain regions.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; aerobic exercise; resistance exercise; integrated concurrent training; executive
function; brain activation patterns
105
An Analysis on the Contribution of Travel Agencies for Promoting Sport Tourism in Sri
Lanka
Indrachapa, Weerasingha
Department of Archeology, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
chapaw@kln.ac.lk
Intention of people to be excited, to be entertained by the events and moments has led for the sport
tourism to be much prominent in the global tourism industry. People who fond of being enthusiastic
by watching sports and games travel to the host destinations where national and international sports
events are organized. Albeit sport tourism is a multibillionaire industry in global level, the
contribution of sports tourism in Sri Lankan context has not been significantly identified. The
stakeholders of the tourism industry has not yet paid consideration for this niche market segment
based on which the destination image and destination brand can be positioned in a novel aspect.
This study aims to explore the contribution of the travel agencies for promoting sport tourism in Sri
Lanka through the medium of tour packages. This qualitative study was carried out during January
2023, analyzing the official websites of selected sample of travel agencies in Sri Lanka. Based on
the purpose based sampling technique, 20 prominent travel agencies which are registered under Sri
Lanka Tourism Development Authority and who currently promote the sport tourism were selected
for gathering secondary data. 15 representatives from travel agencies were interviewed with semi-
structured interviews for collecting the primary data. Thematic analysis was manipulated for data
analysis based on specific themes. Findings of the study emphasize that the travel agencies of Sri
Lanka conservatively provide a publicity and awareness on the sport tourism through their official
websites, albeit the companies have not approach the sport tourism market segment strategically.
During the survey of the travel agencies, it was revealed that the natural and socio-political
vulnerabilities of the country deviate the capabilities of sport tourism market segment in Sri Lanka.
The potential of geological locations, human resources, infrastructure facilities and diversified
sports and events of Sri Lanka should be further analyzed and strategically well managed and
promoted in tourism industry in Sri Lanka.
Keywords: Sport Tourism, Travel Agencies, Promotion, Sri Lanka
106
List of Abstracts
Session C-2: New challenges and perspectives in sport, physical
education, and health

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Depressive Symptoms in Hong Kong Older
Adults: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Yanping WANG
Depression is a common mental health problem among older adults, which presents depressive
mood and commonly disturbed sleep quality. It is also associated with poor quality of life and
increased risks of physical complications. People with severe depression may even develop serious
psychotic symptoms and have higher mortality and disability than those with mild and moderate
depression. Effective intervention on depressive symptoms at an earlier stage can considerably
prevent the deterioration of depression with severe consequences and this is imperative for older
adults. Traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) has proved to be effective in
alleviating depressive symptoms among older adults. High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
involving repeated bouts of high-intensity workouts intermittent by recovery, appears similar or
greater effects on physical fitness and mental health among older adults compared with MICT, with
more time efficiency, more enjoyment, and higher compliance.
Considering there is little evidence of HIIT benefits among older adults with depressive symptoms,
the current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a 16-week HIIT intervention on depressive
symptoms, sleep, physical fitness, and quality of life among older adults. 144 Hong Kong Chinese
community-dwelling older adults with mild and moderate depressive symptoms will be recruited
and randomly assigned into one of three groups by cluster randomization, including a HIIT group,
a MICT control group (Baduanjin Qigong), and a non-exercise control group (recreation
workshops). Depressive symptoms will be primarily and objectively measured by salivary cortisol.
Secondary outcomes will include self-reported depressive symptoms, sleep quality, physical fitness,
and quality of life. All outcomes will be measured at pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3
months following intervention completion. It is expected that older adults in the HIIT group will
gain more improvement in depressive symptoms and other health-related outcomes compared to
the control groups.
Keywords: high-intensity interval training, community older adults, depressive symptoms
107
Prospective Association between 24-hour Movement Behaviors and Mental Health among
Overweight/Obese College Students
Huiqi, Song a; Wei, Liang b; Ning, Su b; Lin, Zhou c; Huaxuan, Liu d; Yanping, Duan a; Wing Chung,
Patrick, Lau a; Ryan E., Rhodes e
a
b
School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University
c
School of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University
d
School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University
e
School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria
BACKGROUND: 24-hour movement behaviors: light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous

physical activity (MVPA), screen-based sedentary behavior (SSB), non-screen-based sedentary behavior
(NSB) are crucial for mental health. Previous studies focused on children, adolescents and adults,
whereas for the vulnerable population of mental disorders, overweight/obese college students, relevant
evidence is limited.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the prospective association between 24-hour movement
behaviors and mental health in overweight/obese college students using a compositional data analysis
approach.
METHODS: Demographics, 24-hour movement behaviors, and mental health outcomes were collected
through online questionnaires. Participants’ demographics and 24-hour movement behaviors were
collected at baseline and mental health were measured after 2 months. 437 eligible participants (20.1 ±
1.7 years; 51.7% female) were finally included in the data analyses. Compositional isotemporal
substitution analyses approach was implemented using R.
RESULTS: Depression, anxiety, and stress were negatively associated with MVPA and sleep (p<0.001)
and positively associated with SSB and NSB (p<0.001). Replacing 15 min of MVPA with other
behaviors predicted improvements in depression (with LPA: -0.323 to -0.155 units; with SSB: -0.437 to
-0.314 units; with NSB: -0.315 to -0.184 units), anxiety (with LPA: -0.163 to -0.021 units; with SSB: -
0.336 to -0.231 units; with NSB: -0.220 to -0.110 units), and stress (with LPA: -0.153 to -0.012 units;
with SSB: -0.364 to -0.259 units; with NSB: -0.246 to -0.136 units). For dose-response relationships of
5-60 min isotemporal substitution, when time was reallocated to MVPA from other behaviors, the
estimated detriments to mental health were larger in magnitude than the estimated benefits of time
reallocation from MVPA to other behaviors.
CONCLUSION: This study adds timely evidence of 24-hour movement behaviors and mental health
during the post-covid-19 era, contributing to future interventions and policymaking. The findings suggest
the importance of participating in MVPA to improve mental health in overweight/obese college students.
Keywords: 24-hour movement behaviors; mental health; college students
108
Effects of a Blended Indoor and Outdoor Structured Exercise Program on Depressive
Symptoms in Hong Kong Older Adults: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled
Trial
Shishi, CHENG
Background: Depression is a mental health problem often occurring in the elderly. More attention
has been paid to the role of nature and the benefits of outdoor exercise on mental health in recent
years. Connectedness to nature (CN) represents the individual’s experiential sense of oneness
with the natural world has also been demonstrated as a key predictor of mental health. However,
most existing randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating physical exercise on depression for
older adults have focused on structured exercise with one or two exercise components targeted
clinical patients in indoor setting. And the mediating role of CN in the effect of outdoor exercise on
depression has not been sufficiently examined using RCTs. Considering the advantages of indoor
structured exercise and the high relevance between nature and mental health, the combination of
indoor and outdoor exercise programs might be able to maximize intervention effectiveness while
maintaining the benefits for each type of intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this proposed study
is to examine the effects of a blended indoor and outdoor structured exercise program with three
exercise components on depressive symptoms in Hong Kong older adults, and to assess the
mediating role of CN in the relationship between outdoor exercise and depressive symptoms.
Methods: The 16-week double-blinded RCT (2 sessions/week, 90 min/session) will include 144
community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 74 years old with depressive symptoms. Participants
will be randomized to one of three groups (a blended indoor and outdoor group, an indoor-only
group or a control group) using 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Structured exercise training with
multicomponent (aerobic, muscle strength, balance) will be conducted in two intervention groups.
Depressive symptoms as primary outcome will be objectively measured by salivary cortisol, and
subjectively measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. For secondary outcomes, physical fitness
will be measured by Senior Fitness Test Battery, physical activity enjoyment and CN will be
measured by self-reported questionnaires. All measured data will be collected at the pre-
intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow up stages.
Data analysis and expected results: Generalized linear mixed models and structural equation
modeling will be used to evaluate the intervention effects and to identify the mediating role of the
connectedness to nature. The intervention is expected to deliver an effective and easy operation
exercise program to improve depressive symptoms in older adults.
Keywords: outdoor exercise, indoor exercise, structured exercise, depression, older adults
109
Development of a Blended Intervention to Promote Physical Activity, Health and Work
Productivity among Office Employees: Using Intervention Mapping Framework
Yan, Sun
Background: Regular participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can reduce

the risk of noncommunicable diseases and mortality, and thus improve overall health. Office
employees are particularly at elevated risk of insufficient MVPA due to their sedentary and desk-
based work patterns. This study aimed to develop an effective intervention to promote MVPA,
health status, and work productivity using the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework.
Methods: The first four steps of the IM framework were adopted to develop the intervention. In
Step 1, a needs assessment was completed through a literature review and focus groups; in Step 2,
intervention outcomes and change objectives to develop a logic model of change were specified; in
Step 3, theory- and evidence-based change methods and appropriate delivery modes were
formulated to generate an intervention design; and in Step 4, all intervention materials were refined
and finalized by preceding steps and a pilot study.
Results: Based on the first four steps of the IM, a 12-week three-grouped blended intervention was
then developed, consisting of a blended intervention group (combining web-based with face-to-face
approaches), a web-based intervention group, and an active control group.
Conclusions: The IM is a useful tool that provides a systematic and structured process for
developing interventions that address complex issues.
Keywords: intervention mapping, office employee, physical activity, intervention development,

health, work productivity
110
Examining the Roles of Self-Stigma and Public Stigma on the Effects from Mental Health
Literacy to Athlete Help-Seeking Attitude: A Longitudinal Study
Xiang Wang
Hong Kong Baptist University 22483233@life.hkbu.edu.hk
Wei Liang
ShenZhen University wliang1020@szu.edu.cn
Yanping Duan
Hong Kong Baptist University duanyp@hkbu.edu.hk
Gangyan Si
Hong Kong Sports Institute gangyans@hksi.org.hk
Objectives: Despite the prevalence and negative consequences of mental health issues among elite
athletes, studies suggest many do not seek professional help, some barriers exist in the process of
help-seeking such as a high level of stigma, lack of mental health knowledge and so on. Therefore,
understanding barriers and facilitators to help-seeking is imperative to reduce the burden of mental
health symptoms and disorders. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that mental health literacy might
correlate to attitudes of help-seeking via self-stigma and public stigma. In the current study, a
longitudinal design is conducted to extend knowledge of these hypothesized mediational pathways.
Methods: The data were collected three times with an interval of three months each. A final sample
of 82 elite athletes aged 20.6 years (SD = 2.86, ranging from 18 to 31; male = 39) reported their
mental health literacy at Time 1, self-stigma and public stigma at Time 2, and help-seeking attitudes
at Time 3. Path analysis was employed to test the mediating roles of self-stigma and public stigma
on the effects from mental health to help-seeking attitudes.
Results: Self-stigma was found to be a partial mediating factor in the relationship between mental
health literacy and help-seeking attitudes. Public stigma was found to be a full mediating factor in
this relationship. In addition, the indirect effect of public stigma (β = .23, p < .01) was larger than
the figure of self-stigma (β = .11, p < .05).
Conclusion: According to the longitudinal evidence for the mediating effects of self-stigma and
public stigma, future studies with experimental designs could consider testing the potential
changing mechanisms of mental health literacy on improving help-seeking attitudes for elite
athletes.
Keywords: Mental health literacy, self-stigma, public stigma, help-seeking attitudes, elite
athlete.
111
A Study Protocol for an In-Classroom Physical Activity Breaks (Icpab) Program for Grade
Five Primary School Students in Sri Lanka
D.L.I.H.K. Peiris1, Yanping Duan1, Corneel Vandelanotte2, Wei Liang3, Julien Steven Baker1
1
Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong
Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; hashi@kln.ac.lk; duanyp@hkbu.edu.hk;
jsbaker@hkbu.edu.hk
2
Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central
Queensland University, Australia; c.vandelanotte@cqu.edu.au
3
College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, China
Background: The problem of sedentary behaviour among primary school children is alarming,
with numbers gradually increasing worldwide including Sri Lanka. Physical activity interventions
within classroom setting have been acknowledged as a key strategy to increase the movement
behaviours among students while contributing to enhance their academic achievement and health.
This study aims to develop and evaluate a classroom-based physical activity breaks intervention
among fifth graders in Sri Lanka.
Methods: The study will examine immediate effects of an in-classroom physical activity breaks
(IcPAB) program on mathematics and reading achievement, physical activity levels, steps count,
sedentary behaviour, body-mass index, aerobic fitness, and perceived stress compared to a waiting-
list control group through a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Intervention groups will receive
five-minutes of IcPAB at least three times a day over a twelve-week period. Intervention effects
will be evaluated through generalised linear mixed models.
Discussion: It is expected that the intervention will have the potential to improve the mathematics
and reading achievement of fifth grade girls and boys, which is a major factor that would determine
the performance at Grade Five National Scholarship Examination in Sri Lanka. At the same time,
the IcPAB program will help improve healthy behaviours and critical health aspects among primary
school students. The IcPAB program is designed to prevent pure educational time loss by
introducing curriculum-integrated short bouts of physical active breaks into the classroom routine.
Therefore, findings of this study will be significant in convincing the efficacy of implementing
IcPAB on primary school children in Sri Lanka.
Trial registration: Retrospectively registered with the ISRCTN registry (Ref: ISRCTN52180050)
on 20/07/2022.
Keywords: Academic Achievement, Capability, Opportunity and Motivations, Behaviour Change

Techniques, Health, Physically Active Learning, Movement Behaviours
112
The Role of Coping Strategies of Older Adults in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Shenzhen
Xiaoting OU
Coping strategies are important for addressing challenges and anxiety. This study examined the role
of coping strategies in the association between COVID-19-related challenges and the anxiety level
of older adults.
The data* analyzed were obtained via a telephone survey conducted with a representative sample
of 1,211 Shenzhen participants aged 60 and above between July and August 2020. Anxiety was
measured by the five-item Chinese Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Pandemic challenges were
measured by 17 items that loaded significantly onto four domains: ‘supply, service access and
safety’, ‘abuse and conflicts’, ‘disease management and information’, and ‘anger and fear’. Coping
strategies were measured by the 20-item Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Socio-
demographic variables included gender, age, marital status, education, employment status, and self-
rated financial status.
Hierarchical regression analysis showed that coping strategies moderated the association between
anxiety level and challenges in ‘supply, services access and safety’, ‘abuse and conflicts’, and
‘disease management and information’.
Those who used more positive coping strategies reported a level of lower anxiety when facing more
challenges in ‘supply, services access, and safety’, and ‘abuse and conflicts’. Users of fewer positive
coping strategies, however, reported a higher level of anxiety when facing more challenges in these
same domains. For those who used fewer positive coping strategies, a lower level of anxiety was
reported when they faced more challenges in ‘disease management and information’. However,
more challenges in ‘supply, services access and safety’ and ‘abuse and conflicts’ were associated
with a higher level of anxiety. The ones used fewer negative coping strategies and faced more
challenges related to ‘disease management and information’ reported a lower level of anxiety.
The findings illustrated the importance of positive coping strategies among older adults to navigate
challenges. Interventions should cultivate their effective coping skills and strategies as valuable
inner resources for dealing with future difficulties.
Keywords: COVID-19, Coping strategy, Challenges, Older adults, Shenzhen
113
How Chinese Medicine can Meet the Demand of Global Health Challenges?
Isha, GAURAV
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Chinese medicine is a traditional practice that has been used in China for thousands of years. It is
based on the principle of balance between yin and yang, and the five elements. Chinese medicine
is a holistic approach to health and healing that seeks to treat the underlying cause rather than just
the symptoms. It is often used in combination with modern Western medicine to treat certain
illnesses and health conditions. Chinese medicine has been shown to be effective in treating a wide
range of medical conditions, including chronic pain, digestive disorders, and mental health issues.
It is also increasingly being used to support lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and smoking
cessation. As global health challenges continue to arise, Chinese medicine can provide a valuable
resource for individuals and communities. By using Chinese medicine alongside conventional
medical treatments, people can benefit from the holistic approach to health and healing, and
experience improved outcomes. Chinese medicine is a safe and effective way to treat a range of
health conditions, and its use should be encouraged in order to meet the demands of global health
challenges.
114
A Follow-Up Study on the Changes of Physical Activity of Middle School Students and its
Influencing Factors：A Case Study of Some Middle Schools in Yuhuatai District in Nanjing
Guanqun, LI
University of Southampton
Objective: This study aimed to objectively measure physical activity data of students in two middle
schools in Nanjing, China, and track changes in their physical activity over one year, while
identifying the factors that influenced these changes. The study also aimed to provide insights to
promote healthy lifestyles and physical activity habits among adolescents.
Methods: Physical activity was objectively measured using the GT3x accelerometer, while self-
reported data on physical activity habits were collected using the Physical Activity Questionnaire
for Middle School Students. The measures were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical
methods include independent sample t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way linear regression
analysis, and stepwise analysis. A statistical significance level of p < 0.05 was considered
significant.
Results: The study found that students' daily sedentary behavior time decreased significantly over
the year, but their overall physical activity level remained low. Male students engaged in
significantly more vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than female students.
Students’ physical activity time only equal to 45% of the World Health Organization recommended
time at the first measurement and increased to 48.6% one year later. For factors, ‘family economic
status’ was negatively correlated with students' daily moderate to vigorous physical activity time,
while ‘playing football’ and ‘going to the gym’ were positively correlated with the same.
Additionally, the ‘ten-minute walk to the grocery store’ was negatively correlated with the daily
moderate to vigorous physical activity time of students.
Conclusion: The study highlights the low levels of physical activity among middle school students,
with a significant gender difference in physical activity time. Developing good exercise habits and
addressing environmental factors can improve students' physical activity.
Keywords: Physical activity; adolescents; acceleration sensors
115
Effects of Integrated Concurrent Training Intervention Highlighting Agility on Drug
Craving, Cognitive Inhibition, and Resting-state Brain Functional Connectivity of Drug
Abstainers
Cheng, Zhu a; Xinyue, Wang b; Xinyu, Cao c; Bo, Jiang c; Yanan, Zhao* d
a
School of Sports Science/ Nanjing Normal University
b
Yueyahe Police Station/ Hebei Branch of Tianjin Public Security Bureau
c
Rehabilitation Guidance Section/ Nanjing Dalianshan Compulsory Isolated Detoxification
Center
d
School of Sports Science/ Nanjing Normal University
Objective: The aim was to investigate the influence of integrated concurrent training intervention
which highlights the agility using kick-boxing as a representative, on drug craving, cognitive
inhibition functions, and its brain-derived mechanisms of drug abstainers. Methods: A randomized
controlled experimental design was used to recruit 45 (20-50 years old) drug abstainers in a city
compulsory isolation detoxification center, who were randomly divided into a kick-boxing exercise
intervention group (n=23) and a control group (n=22). The intervention group received a 60-minute
moderate-intensity (60%-79% HRmax) kick-boxing exercise intervention 3 times a week for 8
weeks. Changes in drug craving, cognitive inhibition, and prefrontal resting-state brain functional
connectivity (brain regions and channels) were tested before and after the intervention respectively
using a visual analog scale, GO/NO GO test, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results:
The visual analogue scale scores were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the
control group after the experiment (before viewing the picture stimuli: F(1, 38) = 13.57, p < 0.01,
partial η² = 0.26; after viewing the picture stimuli: F(1, 38) = 5.25, p = 0.03, partial η² = 0.12). The
GO/NO GO task correct rate was significantly higher in the intervention group (F(1, 38) = 7.09, p
= 0.01) than in the control group after the experiment. The degree of functional connectivity of
LPFC-MPFC (CH11-CH23), LPFC-RPFC (CH4-CH11, CH11-CH21), and MPFC-RPFC (CH5-
CH6, CH3-CH22) in the intervention group showed significant enhancement compared to the
control group after the experiment. Conclusion: Integrated concurrent training intervention
highlighting the agility using kick-boxing as a representative can optimize the degree of resting
state functional connectivity between the left, middle, and right prefrontal brain regions to some
extent, reduce drug craving and improve the cognitive inhibition of drug abstainers, and the
intervention is better than conventional physical training.
Keywords: Drug abstainers; Drug addicts; Integrated concurrent training; Cognitive inhibition;
Drug craving; Functional connectivity
116
List of Abstracts
Session D: Unearthing new opportunities, governance, and public policy
in perspective
The Never-Ending Land Disputes during China’s Urban-Rural Development: A Policy

Implementation Perspective
You, Wu
School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
Wuyo0006@e.ntu.edu.sg
Land dispute is a world-wide social problem that has influenced countless lives. This problem is
particularly significant in developing countries where land management institutions are ineffective,
and the land rights of the vulnerable population are poorly protected. Since the economic reforms
in 1978, China has witnessed a rapid process of urbanization and industrialization. Resulting from
the accelerated economic change is the rising demand for land to accommodate both the expanded
population and inflowing investments. The increasing demand for land has caused severe land-
related conflicts, especially in rural areas with vast undeveloped land resources. To balance the
pursuits for economic progress and land conservation, a series of land use policies have been
launched during the past few decades, however, these policies have brought new challenges due to
not only their policy nature, but also the implementation issues. Therefore, this paper aims to
account for the persistent land disputes that take place during China’s urban-rural development
process through the theoretical perspective of policy implementation. By focusing on Link Policy,
one of the many controversial land use policies in China, this study investigates the unique multi-
layered implementation process of Link Policy, and the causal link between the implementation
process and the policy outcomes. Based on primary data collected from three Link Policy cases in
Chengdu city, this study argues that the implementation of land use policies takes a much more
crucial role in shaping the policy results than most people would expect. The multi-layered nature
of the implementation process of Link Policy can notably exacerbate land disputes. Meanwhile, this
study also illuminates how the implementation process determines the results of the Link Policy
through the interactions of four factors, including the top-down factors: power and resources, and
the bottom-up factors: actors and contextual conditions.
Keywords: land conflicts, land policy, policy implementation, urban development
117
Rethinking Employee Management in the Chinese Public Sector
Liliang, RONG
riryou@outlook.com
The literature has explored the mechanisms of how the ratio of non-regular employees to regular
employees and the incentives to switch employment status achieve equilibrium in motivating
employees and gaining organisational best practices in the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness,
but has mainly focused on the context of the corporate setting, with an inadequate understanding of
how non-regular employees in the public sector, particularly within government organisations,
interact with the institution. In an attempt to gain a deeper understanding, this paper draws on social
cognitive theory to conduct a qualitative analysis of 43 employees in two different administrative
institutions, non-departmental public bodies and civil service units, in local China. While the results
showed that an equilibrium point between economic gains and the sense of belonging that one feels
in an organisation, such as feeling fairness, secure, and trusted, is necessary for short-term
employees’ greatest commitment and persistent effort, which is consistent with the rational choice
theory commonly used in corporate settings, it also showed the fragility of achieving that
equilibrium in contemporary Chinese public institutions. The almost same duties taken by and ways
in which highly educated and young employees and labour market-disadvantaged groups were
managed discouraged the former while bringing about adverse effects, such as rent-seeking and
accountability-dodging, to the detriment of public organisations. This research urges a reflection on
the failure of the bureaucracy theory proposed by Marx Weber and the new public management
theory to guide specific public scenarios.
Keywords: non-regular employees in public sectors
118
Enhancing Emergency Management in Turkey Earthquake: A Comprehensive Approach
Wanxuan, Ren
Chulalongkorn University
Ren.wanxuan@outlook.com
Yuhe, Lai
University College London
Sarahlai40344@gmail.com
This article discusses emergency management in response to earthquakes in Turkey and proposes
a comprehensive approach to improve the country's disaster response capabilities. Emergency
management in Turkey faces several challenges, such as inadequate funding, lack of preparedness,
and poor coordination between different stakeholders. The proposed approach includes proactive
planning, effective communication, and better use of technology in disaster response. A
comprehensive emergency management plan involving all levels of government, emergency
responders, and local communities is crucial. It should include risk assessments, hazard
identification, and mitigation measures, as well as the identification of necessary resources and the
establishment of communication protocols among different stakeholders.
Better communication and coordination between the government, emergency responders, and local
communities are also critical. The use of technology can enhance disaster response, such as the use
of social media platforms to disseminate emergency alerts and updates to the public. Collaboration
among different stakeholders is necessary. Government agencies, emergency responders, local
communities, and international organizations should work together to develop an effective and
efficient disaster response system.
In conclusion, this article highlights the challenges faced by emergency management in Turkey
earthquake and proposes a comprehensive approach to enhance the country's disaster response
capabilities. Proactive planning, effective communication, better use of technology, and
collaboration among different stakeholders are all critical for reducing the risk of loss of life and
property in future disasters.
Keywords: emergency management, Turkey earthquake, comprehensive approach, proactive

planning, international cooperation
119
Non-State Actors' Participation and its Significance to Post-ASEAN Charter Community
Building
Pushpanathan, Sundram
School of Public Policy, Chiang Mai University
pushpanathan_sundram@cmu.ac.th
This article evaluates the participation and challenges non-state actors (NSAs) face in the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) community-building efforts in the post-ASEAN
Charter period from 2008 to 2022. A qualitative research methodology comprising content analysis
of existing literature, semi-structured interviews with state and non-state actors, and a survey with
NSAs were conducted to understand the extent of their participation and the challenges they faced
in the three ASEAN communities. Despite ASEAN's acknowledgment of the benefits of NSAs'
involvement in developing the ASEAN communities, NSAs continue to face challenges at different
degrees depending on the will and interests of member states to support their involvement and the
impact on the ASEAN norms and principles. While participation in the ASEAN Economic
Community (AEC) and ASEAN Socio Cultural Community (ASCC) is generally accepted,
involvement in the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) is limited due to the state-centric
nature of the Association. However, the participation of NSAs has generally improved in the post-
ASEAN Charter era. However, it has to go beyond recognizing NSAs in the Charter, written
guidelines for the interactions and accepting the NSAs as a feedback mechanism to their actual
involvement in the formulation and implementation of ASEAN policies and initiatives. It will
increase NSAs' significance in the ASEAN Community process and aligns with the ASEAN
Charter's goal of building a people-oriented ASEAN. The norms-driven APSC could also leverage
the NSAs' participation if their resources and expertise could help improve community building.
Since the state-NSA nexus is a two-way relationship, NSAs must understand and better appreciate
the ASEAN processes to strike meaningful and lasting partnerships.
Keywords: ASEAN, non-state actors, community building, policy networks, norms
120
A Socio-Philosophical Exploration into the Working Environment and Job Satisfaction
Chamila Siriwardene
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya
chamilas@kln.ac.lk
Manoji Harischandra
Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya
manojih@kln.ac.lk
The global market requires quality, skills, and intellectual human resources. It is frequently stated
that quality human resources are required for an industry's competitive advantage and competitive
edge. As a result, the study focused on the job satisfaction and work environment of garment
workers employed in free trade zones where Sri Lanka earns a large amount of foreign exchange.
It was discovered that not only the work environment but also the individual's performance and the
improvement of the employer-employee relationship have an impact on job satisfaction. The study
is being conducted to investigate the job satisfaction and working conditions of garment workers
employed in Free Trade Zones, where a significant amount of foreign exchange is earned for Sri
Lanka, with Koggala Free Trade Zone serving as the reference. It is also a Free Trade Zone that has
been severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic as a global crisis. The non-probability sampling
method was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data through judgment or purposive
sampling. A closed-ended questionnaire was also used to collect data. In order to ensure the
accuracy of the data, the study area was visited and the normal tasks and behaviors of the respective
data contributors were observed in their work environment using the non-participant observation
method. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data.
The study discovered that not only does the work environment have an impact on job satisfaction,
but also factors such as personal achievement and improving employee relations have a direct
impact on job satisfaction.
Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Working Environment, Free Trade Zone, Covid-19, Pandemic,
Personal Achievement, Employee relations
121
Analysis of the Urgency of Yogyakarta City Government's Policies in Improving the
Survival of People with Disabilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dicky Dwi Radhica1, Angga Misbahuddin2
1
Department of International Relations, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
2
Master of Rural Development Management, Khon Kaen University
1
dicky.dwi.isip19@mail.umy.ac.id
2
angga.m@kkumail.com
Individuals with disabilities are an integral part of society and are entitled to their rights and
responsibilities. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the economic cycle, directly
impacting the resilience of individuals with disabilities, while improving the quality of life for the
general population. During the Covid-19 pandemic, individuals with disabilities in the city of
Yogyakarta have been under pressure to survive, leading to the loss of their primary source of
income. On the other hand, the government has made significant contributions towards building the
resilience of all its citizens, especially individuals with disabilities. This study aims to determine
the extent to which the policies implemented by the Yogyakarta City government have increased
the survival rate of individuals with disabilities, who have been negatively impacted by the Covid-
19 pandemic. The study employs a descriptive analysis method, utilizing a qualitative approach,
and employs both primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study indicate three main
findings: Firstly, the Yogyakarta City government has implemented survival policies during the
Covid-19 pandemic through its three strategies. Secondly, the urgency of the Yogyakarta City
government's policies is critical for individuals with disabilities. Thirdly, there are still several
indicators that need to be improved regarding policy implementation, to enhance the survival rate
of individuals with disabilities. These findings are based on the suboptimal benefits perceived by
individuals with disabilities, and the lack of effectiveness of policies implemented.
Keywords: Policy, Survival, Covid-19 Pandemic, Disabilities
122
Research on Public Policy Making and Participation in Decision-making in the Context of
Modern Governance
Lingyan CHEN, Guangzhou Huali College

15000240431@xs.hnit.edu.cn
Sijun WANG, Jilin Animation Institute

sage.wsj@gmail.com
Mingqing YIN, Chulalongkorn University

mingbig@foxmail.com
Muzi LIU, Mae Fah Luang University

liumuzi77@gmail.com
Liqian PENG, Chengdu Institute Sichuan International Studies

120643640@qq.com
Public policy is an important instrument of state governance. The basic features and trends of
modern governance require the transformation and adaptation of traditional public policy as a tool
of governance. "Input-conversion-output" is a traditional public policy decision-making process
based on the logic of elite decision-making. In this policy making process, public participation is
mainly focused on the two aspects before and after the policy making process, mainly in the form
of expression of will and policy evaluation. The complexity of modern governance demands a
reconfiguration of the basic framework of modern governance, and the characteristics and trends of
pluralistic subjects, equal participation and collaborative governance reflected in the development
of modern governance require the government to reposition the mode of public policy formulation.
Public policy, as the main tool of government management, must be profoundly rethought and
fundamentally reformed. The traditional public policy-making process is based on the logic of elite
decision-making, and the government is in a relatively closed institutional environment, which is
in fact a rather typical "black box" model. This model of public policy making has become an
important source of public mistrust and a fundamental contradiction to the values of modern
governance. The development of modern governance, with its characteristics and trends of
"pluralistic subjects", "equal participation" and "collaborative governance", has made the
shortcomings of the traditional model of public policy making increasingly evident. This calls for
a restructuring. It is important to change the traditional model of public policy-making, to adapt it
to the needs of modern governance, to change the "black box" model, to promote public
participation in the whole process of public policy-making and to achieve full disclosure of the
public policy-making process.
Keywords: Modern Governance; Public Policy; Formulation; Decision-making
123
Geographical Analysis of the Sociological Factors Affecting Birth and Fertility Rate in the
Northeastern Laguna: Input to Rural Development Program
Hazel C. Valdenarro
candelariahazel7@gmai.com
Rodolfo B. Valdenarro Jr.

rbvaldenarro@ceu.edu.ph
Social sciences are interrelated and interdependent with each other; social researchers wanted to
establish such relationship to ascertain and provide concise and relevant solutions to the social
problems besetting our nation, as the study directs the problem on rapid population growth with
respect on geographical terrains (Upland, Coastal and Poblacion) of the Northeastern Laguna and
those sociological factors heightening them.
Quantitative and qualitative parameters provide a meaningful analysis on the social and economic
condition of the families, extent of fertility and birth rate in the above-mentioned areas, sociological
factors such as educational opportunities, healthcare and family planning services, values, customs
and cultural ideals, and gender equality.
The vulnerability of geographical terrain to population consequences were identified, as the
residents of coastal and upland areas experience lack of economic resources, inadequate programs
and services from the government, illiteracy and environmental degradation which may result to
climate change, health problems and loss of economic productivity.
All the identified sociological factors excluding educational opportunities may intensify population
growth but vary their effect depending on location. The relationship of the consequences and
sociological factors established in the study helped in addressing the threats for sustainable
development supported by a participatory rural appraisal in every geographical terrain to show the
potential and weaknesses of the areas.
The municipalities in the northeastern Laguna face the same extent in dealing with high fertility and
birth rate, sociological factors and in facing the consequences of rapid population growth regardless
of their municipal class or level - an endemic problem that requires immediate solution.
Keywords: Rural Development, Population Growth, Sociological Factors, Population

Consequence
124
Review of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) & Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Members
Kyaw Kyaw, Nandar

Chiang Mai University
Louisakyawkyaw_n@cmu.ac.th
With visible economic boom in recent decades in the world, the side effects to environment and
social aspects have become enormous. Along with the growth, ASEAN countries are facing
environmental issues such as rising pollution level, water shortage and rising sea level. The
shocking incident is that the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, is facing the consequence of rising sea
level and the country is currently planning to relocate its capital to the other island of the country.
The concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has established in the US in 1970 but the
concept has been evolved around according to consequences of the total world. Inception of public
participation into EIA process have become normalized over the years due to enforcement from UN
agencies and incidents that showed how vital public participation is. Influence of Social Impact
Assessment (SIA) in model world is not also undeniable critical over time and it brings up to
combination of environmental and social aspects. Looking at those evolution of around EIA and
environmental to sustainable aspects, this report will also look on how ten ASEAN countries_
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippine, Singapore,
Thailand and Vietnam_ are coping in term of EIA standards and how SIA process has been going
in the region and what kind of sustainable issues that the countries are facing. After that
recommendations based on other developed frameworks will be done in the report.
Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Social Impact Assessment (SIA), ASEAN,
public participation, framework
125
How Transitional Justice and Party Politics Transform Each Other: Taiwanese’s National
Identity as an Example
Man To, Au
johnaumanto@gmail.com
The goal of transitional justice is to restore rule of law and achieve justice by settling disputes
between oppressors and victims. Precedents show that in post-authoritarian states, national identity
becomes an important issue that influences local politics, of course, especially in those who have
suffered from ethnic conflicts. Rebuilding national identity is thus important for restoring peace and
easing ethnic conflicts in these states. For example in Taiwan, tensions between Chinese and
Taiwanese identity still significantly influence Taiwan politics. From election results and studies
we can observe that Taiwan citizens are gradually becoming more in favor of Taiwanese identity,
represented by Democratic Progressive Party(DPP), instead of Chinese identity, represented by
Nationalist Party(KMT). Moreover, KMT was the ruling party in the authoritarian era, Taiwanese
were forced to integrate with Mainland Chinese culture whereas Taiwanese culture and identity
were heavily suppressed. Even though KMT has democratized itself and adapted to the new political
culture, it still is a symbol of Chineseness in Taiwan. As the current DPP government decided to
implement transitional justice in Taiwan. The role of KMT in authoritarianism or the national
identity of Taiwan have become issues among Taiwanese. However, the definitions of Taiwanese
or Chinese identity are not constant. Since democratization, both parties have been taking different
stances on issues such as the sovereignty of the Republic of China, relationship with mainland
China, etc. Nonetheless, not so many studies investigate how political parties in post-authoritarian
states reconstruct a new national identity by their discourses. Thus, Taiwan, as a new and significant
example, needs to be studied more so as to investigate how transitional justice could work better in
the process of nation building.
Keywords: transitional justice, post-authoritarianism, nation building
126
The Cement Plant in North Kendeng Pati Regency: Standing between Industrialization,
Environmental Issues and Reality
Junaidul Fitriyono
Civil Servant at Immigration Office Class I;

Master Student of Management and Public Policy, Gadjah Mada University.
junaidulfitriyono@mail.ugm.ac.id
The establishment of a cement factory in the North Kendeng area of Pati Regency has generated
debate in the community. The Pati Regency government's policy of granting a mining licence to PT
Sahabat Mulia Sakti has received mixed responses. The community is divided to support investment
and industrialization for equitable development and welfare improvement and there is rejection with
issues of natural damage, changes in land use change and threats of disasters and livelihoods. This
research uses the policy conflict framework (PCF) approach to see the morality and complexity of
the issues raised. The intensity of conflict can be measured by the position of each party involved,
the threat to their position and the willingness to compromise. High conflict intensity is indicated
by difficult compromise. The elitist nature of the discussion adds to the high intensity of the conflict.
The cancellation of the cement plant from Pati Regency to Rembang Regency, as well as the change
in the company that will invest, has caused the conflict in the North Kendeng area of Pati Regency
to decrease. However, the problem is not solved because the current condition of North Kendeng
in terms of environmental issues is still concerning. The cancellation of the factory may reduce the
intensity of the conflict, but there is still a problem that needs serious attention from all parties,
namely the threat of disaster that looms over North Kendeng. The researcher argues that the current
condition of North Kendeng does not have the high intensity of conflict as in the early days of the
construction of the cement plant, but the current conditions are very likely to cause conflicts over
the management of North Kendeng as a karst protected area to emerge and become large.
Keywords: Cement Plant, Policy Conflict, Conflict Intensity
127
Empowering Youth through Governance: The City Youth Officials Program in Naga City,
Philippines
Dr. Marshal Q. Murillo

Ateneo de Naga University
The City Youth Officials (CYO) Program in Local Government Unit - Naga City, Philippines, aims
to engage young people (i.e., 16-24 years old who are at least high school graduates and have no
previous experience as Naga City Youth Officials or incumbent Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth
Council) officials) in governance and decision-making processes. The program provides a platform
for youth to develop leadership skills, engage in decision-making processes, and contribute to their
community. The program is institutionalized under Sanguniang Panlungsod (City Council)
Ordinance No. 2007-008 and has been amended by Ordinance No. 2009-017, designating April 15
to May 31 each year as City Youth Month, during which youth officials handle the operations of
city government, except for policy-determining areas or those requiring monetary disbursements.
The study’s initial findings indicate that the CYO program has successfully empowered young
people, increased their participation in governance, built trust towards government institutions,
fostered positive intergenerational relationships, and strengthened the community. However, the
program still faces significant challenges, including ensuring genuine participation in
policymaking, exposing participants to negative government dealings, and lacking clear measures
and frameworks to assess the most implemented program’s impact on stakeholders. These
challenges arise from several factors, including the influence of political actors and administrative
officials and the absence and other identified institutional barriers.
Despite the challenges, the CYO program is seen as a valuable resource for young people, as it
provides a positive outlet for them and helps to build a stronger sense of community. Taken
together, the CYO program is a unique opportunity for the young people of Naga City to participate
in governance and contribute to their community, and there is a strong desire to see it continue and
expand in the future.
Keywords: City youth program, Naga City, youth, youth empowerment, participative governance
128
After Covid-19: Trends of China-North Korea Trade
Moon, Yechan
Yonsei University
yechan_moon@yosnei.ac.kr
This paper examines how the trade trends between China and North Korea after Covid-19 changed
compared to before covid-19. This approach has two implications. First, it figures out the impact of
covid-19 in terms of the trade volume of North Korea. Second, it indicates how the economic
sanctions against North Korea are working. In particular, the participation of China is emerging as
a significant issue in securing the effectiveness of sanctions, I provide a timely and adequate result
to sanctions evaluation. This research focused on the North Korea case because North Korea is
almost the only case that imposed continuous sanctions from the international community. I conduct
the research with an empirical method using the trade data from 2019 to 2022. This paper is
expected to contribute to the academic discussion on sanctions effectiveness and implementations.
In particular, I also address an unintended result of Covid-19: strengthening the sanctions against
North Korea. This paper requests further research that the same result applies to other North Korean
dyadic relations. I provide the potential effects of Covid-19 on the sanction regimes and their
implementations.
Keywords: Economic sanctions, North Korea, China, China-North Korea Trade, Covid-19
129
DCEITC Welfare Program Expansion: Work Motivator or Demotivator?
Eugene, Or
eu0001or@e.ntu.edu.sg
We study the 2015 expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit in District of Columbia (DCEITC),
specifically its impact on the intensive labour supply of childless individuals. Building on
DCEITC’s base principle of encouraging work through tax credits, the expansion increased the
benefits that childless individuals will gain from the program, after acknowledging that existing
antipoverty schemes like the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) aid individuals with children
primarily. Through a Difference-in-Difference research design with individual-level data, we found
that DCEITC’s expansion reduced intensive labour supply among eligible childless individuals by
approximately 6.08% to 8.27%. Contrary to its counterpart (federal EITC), whose primary targets
are individuals with children and is generally found to be effective in encouraging work, the
reduction in work hours reflects that the state policy expansion is less successful. We contend that
the different outcome is a result of mismatch between the policy design and the unique target group
(i.e., childless individuals) as well as environment (i.e., serious income inequality). Specifically, the
concave design of DCEITC credit payoffs and the policy’s annual disbursement of refunds create
disincentive effects which childless individuals in DC are more likely to succumb to because of
their priorities and living environment.
Keywords: Labour, Leisure, Tax Credit, Welfare, Poverty, Childless
130
Engagement of Civil Society Organizations in Local Government: Towards Participatory
Governance
Rona Celeste V. Pasamonte

Xavier University
ronacelestepasamonte@gmail.com
The role of civil society today is gradually changing from a monitor and corrector of government
actions to an active co-participant in governance. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) promote
inclusive governance characterized by accountability, transparency, and participation. CSO
engagement is a mechanism for the citizens and the government to work together to achieve
development. The 1987 Philippine Constitution cited that the State shall encourage CSOs to
promote the welfare of the nation. Likewise, RA 7160, the Local Government Code of 1991
specifies the establishment of CSOs and the significant relationship as active partners in the pursuit
of local autonomy.
This study focused on CSOs' level of engagement in local governance in the province of Bukidnon,
concerning the areas of engagement like planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring, and
evaluation. The study further investigated if the CSOs geographical location, CSOs number of
committee representation, size of CSOs', and CSOs' period of existence explain significantly CSOs'
level of engagement. The study made use of quantitative and qualitative research methods.
The findings revealed that CSOs in Bukidnon are neutrally engaged in local governance. CSOs
geographical location and CSOs number of committees represented have a significant effect on
their level of engagement. While size of CSOs and CSOs period of existence has no significant
effects on their level of engagement. There is a significant difference in CSOs' level of engagement
concerning the areas of engagement. Planning has the highest, while monitoring has the lowest
mean score.
It is concluded that CSOs' engagement is done for compliance purposes only. The spirit of
participatory governance in decision-making is partially present. An existing gap between the
provisions of policies and actual practice is observed. Recommendations to improve the CSOs'
engagement include revising the guidelines and formulation of standards, facilitating extensive
support, strengthening partnerships, and sustaining the spirit of volunteerism.
Keywords: Engagement, Civil Society Organizations, Local Government, Participatory

Governance
131
List of Abstracts
Session E: Historical change and continuity from a global perspective
Local Developments and Long-Distance Interaction: Jade Slit Rings (Jue) in Prehistoric
Hong Kong
LIAO YATING
Slit rings have been popular in East and Southeast Asia since 9,200 BP, with a far-reaching
geographic distribution. The first archaeologically excavated jade slit rings (9,200-8,600BP) were
discovered at the second phase of the Xiaonanshan site in northeast China, much earlier than the
gold earrings discovered in Sumerian royal graves (2,500 BC). According to archaeological
evidence, slit rings spread in all directions after first appearing in northeast China. It seems like the
further the region is from northeast China, the later the slit rings appear. After 3,000 BC, slit rings
were made in Hong Kong, and Bel'Kachi culture in Yakut, Russia. Slit rings did not appear until
after 2,000 BC on the Southeast Asian mainland, including the Mai-pha and Phung-Nguyen cultures
in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Indo-China Peninsula, as well as on islands such as Taiwan and the
Philippines.
More than simple ornaments, slit rings spread simultaneously with the spiritual connotations they
carried. The design of slit rings in Hong Kong and their production technology provide strong
evidence of long-distance interactions with their counterparts excavated from other regions of early
East and Southeast Asia via rivers and maritime roads. Besides, the inventiveness of local artisans
and the unique mine resources in Hong Kong may indicate that local developments occurred in this
period, especially the changing social structure. Furthermore, as early jade artisans processed jade,
they established their identity and incorporated their ideas through their creative practices, which is
one of the reasons for regional variations in jade techniques. The consumption needs of circular
jades like slit rings stimulated technological innovation, specialization, and craft production
standardization. The local development in the Hong Kong area is both the reason and the result of
the long-distance interaction with other regions.
Keywords: slit rings, prehistoric Hong Kong, local development, long-distance interaction
132
The Historical Inheritance and Change of Yi-Xia View
Li Yang
MinZu University of China
1023445886@qq.com
The Yi-Xia view is a cultural concept held by the Chinese’ ruling circles and the intellectual class
in ancient China history, it is the spiritual product of the Xia (Chinese) side, Yi (Non-Chinese) is
the name they named for heterogeneous groups. The word's coverage is different During different
historical periods.
The Yi-Xia view was originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-771 BC). At first, the
distinction was based on kinship proximity to the Zhou royal family. Afterwards, this view was
summarized in Confucian classics and evolved with development of the Confucianism, during the
period of spring and autumn and the period of warring states, Yi refers to a tribe with cultural and
customs differences from Xia. After the establishment of the imperatorial system from Qin dynasty,
the Yi-Xia view became a part of Tian-Xia view which together constituted the pattern of the Yi-Xia
distribution system, the imperial people was called Xia and the non-imperial people was highted
Yi.
The naming method of ethnic groups outside the imperial region was flexible throughout the entire
ancient China, Yi-Xia View is a political culture of Chinese traditional scholarship. As time went
on, with the expansion of Chinese dynasty, more and more people were brought into the
classification of Xia, modern people always regard it as the national consciousness in ancient times.
Keywords: Yi-Xia view, Chinese dynasty, Sorting technique of ethnic groups
133
Correlations between Natural Disasters and Price Indices in China during 1644-1911
Shiyao Zhang
History School, Liaoning University
The disruption of natural disasters in agriculture is often seen to have influenced price indices to
some extent over a certain period, especially in a relatively isolationist, predominantly agricultural
economy such as ancient China. Here we use the information about historical disasters kept in Qing
History - Treatise on Famine and Relief and the price indices for each year from 1644 to 1911,
exploring the correlation between natural disasters and price indices. We next discuss the other
factors that have an impact on the price index to revealing the dynamics of the influence of natural
disasters on the price index. Results show that there is a weak correlation between natural disasters
and price indices in general, but we find a strong correlation over a long time, and the correlation
coefficient rises somewhat in the early Qing, then decreases with time. We further show that factors
such as production capacity, foreign trade and silver flows also had an impact on the price indices
no less than natural disasters, and it is clear that the impact of these factors caused the correlation
coefficient to change over time.
Keywords: Natural disasters, Price index, Correlation analysis, Qing dynasty
134
Globalization, Patriotism and Copy Culture: The Imitation and Sale of Hazeline Snow
Cream in Modern Shanghai
Mengjie Jiang
Since 1881, Western cosmetics was imported to Shanghai. Advertised as goods produced with
modern chemistry and medical technology, modern cosmetics were rapidly replacing traditional
Chinese cosmetics. Among them, snow cream, which was seen as a status symbol for the “upper
class”, was imported in large quantities and even led to a trade deficit. To turn the tables, the national
factories tried to imitate this cosmetic and the media that might cooperate with the factory or
government published the ingredients and preparation methods in newspapers. Both sides were
doing this in the name of patriotism. It is interesting to note that the British brand Hazaline, the
original manufacturer of snow cream, remained acquiescence of this imitation and only litigated
against imitations bearing the Hazeline label in 1930. Thus, by observing this situation and using
Hazeline Snow Cream counterfeit case as the starting point, this article examines how the
commercial culture of modern Shanghai was influenced by both globalization and the rise of
nationalism, and how an eclectic path was explored to develop a national economy which has
continued to nowadays. The results of the study show that copy culture in the name of patriotism is
a common strategy for the development of national capitalism to counter imported foreign goods at
a cheaper cost. Foreign brand, on the other hand, took the opportunity to profit from higher prices,
advertised as a symbol of high quality and superior social status, and did not seem to be influenced
by the culture of imitation. Therefore, the originator and the imitation goods lived in harmony in
the modern Shanghai market. This also reflects the pattern of development of the early globalized
commercial culture.
Keywords: Snow Cream; Commercial culture; Copy culture; Patriotism; Globalization; Modern
China
135
The Making of the Ethnic Economy in China: The Case Study of Bai Ethnic Silverware
Industry in Western China
Qian Ma
Yunnan university
This article investigates how an ethnic minority in China develops an ethnic economy through
entrepreneurship over the course of the reform era. Studies on ethnic economy, generally in the
American or European context, arbitrarily divide the ethnic minorities’ entrepreneurial adventures
into middleman minority economy, in which members of an ethnic minority do businesses with
other more economically disadvantaged minorities underserviced by the mainstream economy, and
ethnic enclave economy in which firms owned by ethnic minority members mainly service co-
ethnic customers in their own communities. Our study of Bai silverware industry in northwestern
Yunnan Province reveals that middleman minority economy and ethnic enclave economy are not
isolated from each other but intertwined. Also, by documenting the history of this industry, our
study reveals the nexus between ethnic entrepreneurship and ethnic economy, which is often taken
for granted in extant literature. Using data collected from face-to-face interviews and on-site
observations in Xinhua Village of Bai, as well as archival records of government policies and media
reports, we discover that the Bai silver smiths created and developed a vibrant middleman minority
economy across the Tibetan areas isolated geographically and underserviced economically.
Through remittance, Bai silver smiths also develops their hometown into a tourist attraction
featuring handmade silverwares and successfully applied this business strategies in other more
famous attractions such as Dali, Lijiang, and Jiuzhaigou. Last, contextualized in broader social
transformation, this case also reveals how the market economy resurfaced in the western and
borderland China in the early stage of the reform era, which is untold in the existing studies.
Keywords: ethnic economy, ethnic entrepreneurship, Bai ethnicity, ethnic relations in China,
Tibetan areas
136
Creating a Globalized Market Economy from the Below: The case of Yiwu City in the
Reform Era
Cui Xiaoci
Yunnan Univerisity
The transition from the planned economy to the market economy had always been the central theme
of China’s economic reform. The existing literature prioritizes the decision-making process of the
leaders of the Party and central government in a topdown perspective, with little scholarly attention
given to the significant contribution of ordinary Chinese, especially those entrepreneurs who risked
their lives as the decisions from the top were in conflict and ambiguous. Building upon the theories
of institutional entrepreneur and market transition, this study analyzes the oral histories of three
major entrepreneurs in Yiwu city, the world capital of small commodities which used to be a small
town, and identifies the motivating factors behind the transitions from vendor economy to internal
trade economy, to international trade economy, to e-commerce economy in 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s
respectively. More important, centering on entrepreneurs from the bottom up, this study offers a
new perspective in understanding China’s economic reform.
Keywords: market transition; globalization; entrepreneurship; oral history
137
Emerging Business Transnationalism in Singapore and China: Governance, Networks, and
Strategies
Jeremy Goh
Nanyang Centre for Public Administration,
goh.jeremy@ntu.edu.sg
Against the backdrop of a rising China and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there has been
increasing interest in the governance models and strategies of ethnic Chinese businesses. Taking
this growing literature a step further and seeking to transcend dominant paradigms of businesses
and entrepreneurship derived mostly from the Western experiences, this article critically re-
evaluates the role of ethnicity and culture in the governance models, behaviour, and networks of
transnational Chinese businesses based in Singapore, with operations in Southeast Asia and China.
We argue that while ethnicity and culture remain as a significant factor in shaping transnational
Chinese business, Chinese companies in Southeast Asia have adopted new corporate governing
models and strategies in their engagement with China markets at the time of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution. This article adds nuance to the international business and management literature by
arguing that the corporate governance, management, and strategies of Chinese companies should
not be perceived via a binary perspective, either converging towards or diverging from Western
models of businesses and relying solely on ethnicity and culture.
Keywords: Business transnationalism; corporate governance; networks; business strategies;

culture
*This paper has been published in Asia Pacific Business Review as an Open Access article.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2022.2136232
138
A Scenery of “Formosa”: The Image of Post-War Taiwan in Tourism Materials (1960s-
2010s)
Jou-An, Wei
Hong Kong Metropolitan University
s1298074@live.hkmu.edu.hk
This article explores the history of how different cultural characteristic were used in Taiwan tourism
promotion materials from post-World War II. It traces and examines the rebirth and growth of
Taiwan’s tourism impression, from 1956, the establishment of the first governmental tourism
organization in Taiwan, the Taiwan Provincial Tourism Committee, and advised its citizens to
establish the Taiwan Visitors Association (TVA) in the same month; to 2017, the launch of
“Tourism 2020: Taiwan Sustainable Tourism Development Plan” by the Tourism Bureau, Republic
of China (Taiwan) in 2017.
Throughout Taiwan's tourism history, its cultural representation has changed with the needs of
society. The tourism authority mainly promoted this island as an inheritance place of traditional
orthodox Chinese culture from the 1960s to the 1980s. After the “stormy” period of 1970s, from
the 1980s to the 2000s, the authority began to consciously use Indigenous cultures in its tourism
promotion, to claim the legitimacy of their rule and to reifies collective identities. From the 2000s
onward, The Kuomintang (KMT) and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)’s party rotation became
the dominant factor influencing Taiwan’s tourism impression. At the same time, various cultures
left over from the Dutch, Qing, and Japanese Colonial Period contributed to the construction of
Taiwan’s identity, with the Japanese cultures being the most prevalent.
Overall, this article will argue for the significance of Taiwan's cultural diversity construction
process in forming the discourse of Taiwan's tourism history.
Keywords: Taiwan; tourism; identity politics; narrative; cultural representation
139
Resources, Environment and Frontier Order: Investigation and Research on Forest
Resources in the Yalu River Basin Before the Russo-Japanese War
WU, Qifang
Northeast Normal University
The ecological transformation of forest resources in the Yalu River basin in modern times has been
both endogenously driven and stimulated, collided and embedded by a series of exogenous factors.
Since the late Qing Dynasty, the forested borderlands, as a buffer zone, have attracted both Japanese
and Russian forces to expand forestry on both sides of the Yalu River basin. Since the
implementation of Russia's Far Eastern expansion policy, it has repeatedly explored the forest
resources of the Yalu River basin in the name of botanical expeditions, borrowing land for road
construction and establishing "barriers", with the intention of using "Manchuria" as the basic
"sphere of influence "The Yalu River basin was used as a buffer zone and the Yalu River Forestry
Rights Corporation as a base to prevent Japan from entering Manchuria, thus conflicting with
Japanese interests. In the three subsequent Japanese-Russian negotiations centred on the
"Manchurian exchange theory", the issue of Yalu River forestry rights became an important means
of fomenting war sentiment by the Japanese war masters. There were multiple reasons for the
outbreak of the war, but the right to forestry on the Yalu River was one of the major contributing
factors. The interaction between nature, people and the state is developing in a complex way in the
Yalu River Basin and beyond the boundaries of the Qing Dynasty and Korea. The struggle over the
Yalu River's forestry rights inspired China's frontier-building enthusiasm, stimulated the colonial
imperial enterprise of Japan and Russia, and promoted the modernisation of the Northeast Asian
region.
Keywords: Yalu River Basin; forestry investigation; Japan-Russia negotiations; forestry rights
140
Deterritorialization in the Context of Cultural Heritage and Globalizing Msheireb
Downtown Doha
Mariam, Al-Hammadi
College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University/
m.alhamadi@qu.edu.qa
The State of Qatar has witnessed rapid urban activity and development in few decades since the
discovery of oil, which has led to a large-scale change in local cultural heritage and behavior of its
residents. It is worth noting that the uncontrolled rapid urbanization, with the acceleration of
globalization and modernity that included all areas, especially the city of Doha, has led to the
deterioration and destruction of the downtown area of Msheireb. These transformations threaten the
identity and local culture of the Qatari society, which effected the sense of identity of the place. The
official authorities in the country rushed to put in place strategies and development plans aimed at
redeveloping the old city center and improving the environment, by creating innovative and
inspiring living spaces that enable both locals and expats to communicate and integrate to restore a
sense of community. This study deals with the project of "Msheireb Downton Doha" and the
consequences of globalization. The study looks at the concept of “Deterritorialization” as a cultural
condition that has pushed "Msheireb Downtown Doha" to move from modernity to postmodernism
as an element for globalization. In this study, we will analyze the reconstruction of Msheireb, which
helped to move the city toward cultural universality and simultaneously reduce regional borders.
The study will analyze to what extent this experience succeeded or failed in preserving the spirit of
the traditional architectural heritage and cultural identity. That could reflect a genuine memories
and values of the Qatari society.
Keywords: Msheireb Downton Doha, Cultural Identity, Qatari Heritage, Globalization,

Deterritorialization, Architectural Heritage
141
Utilizing the Lessons of Urban History to Reimagine Post-Covid 19 Cities in the Philippines
Ma. Donna Solis Rebong

Department of History,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
mdsrebong@link.cuhk.edu.hk
The Covid-19 pandemic revealed many aspects of our lives that need improvements despite our
medical progress and the development of our modern civilization in the past centuries. Oxfam
International, a non-government organization, cited how the pandemic worsened the existing
poverty worldwide due to the lack of access to healthcare services, sanitation, clean water, and
quarantine facilities. The World Bank also recognized that the pandemic increased the number of
poor people between 119 and 124 million because of the income and job losses brought by
lockdowns and quarantines.
It is apparent that this pandemic exposed the urgency to critically reassess our society to make the
necessary changes to be able to overcome the continuing challenges posed by Covid-19 and threats
of future pandemics. It is within this context that lessons from the experiences of the people in the
past might be useful in reimagining our post-covid 19 future. But where do we start? Currently, half
of the world’s population, or around 56% live in cities. The cities are centers of concentration of
people and serve as important focal points of analysis and springboards of discussion to address
post-Covid 19 recovery plans and developments.
This paper aims to identify relevant lessons in the urban past which can be used not only to
reevaluate our Covid-19 response over the past three years but more importantly to provide insights
and practical advice to change some aspects of our lives and society to make our modern cities more
resilient to impacts of future threats like a pandemic. The study will use a comparative and analytical
approach where the history of nineteenth-century Britain, especially London’s industrial city
plagued with cholera epidemics, and the early 20th-century Manila under the American colonial
period will be contrasted with the Covid-19 response of the Duterte administration and the local
government units in Metro Manila. The comparison will focus on the government’s public health
management as a response to the crisis brought by epidemics/pandemics in the cities.
Keywords: Philippines, cities, urban history, Covid-19 pandemic, public health management
142
Colonialism’s Influence on Gender Relations: A Case Study of the Bunyoro-Kitara
Kingdom
Johanna Carla, Hvalic

School of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University,
hvalicjohanna@gmail.com
This Master Thesis examines how colonial rule influenced the construction of African gender
relations in the household, specifically focused on the Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom in Western
Uganda. It is debated in which way gender relations were impacted as research is scarce since little
attention was paid to tribal differences away from the more powerful kingdom Buganda, which
became the centre of colonial power. Archival records are few, which is why data was not only
collected in national and local archives but also in semi-structured oral history interviews with key
informants. To understand the change in the institutional construction of gender relations, the data
was coded according to rules followed and activities done by women and men in the household –
before 1900 and in the period leading up to the 1930s. This allowed a comparison of the construction
of gender relations around the British colonial conquest in 1894 and in the first three decades of
colonial rule. The analysis shows that the allocation of responsibilities in the household changed
with the introduction of the cash economy and formal education. Men enjoyed easier access to
education and were the preferred trading partners. Contrary to the missionaries’ expectations, the
change from traditional belief systems to Christianity robbed women of their positions of power in
the household. Christian marriages also led to a decline in polygamous families resulting in many
cases in a loss of independence and an increase in unpaid care work for women. The findings
suggest that colonial rule influenced the construction of gender relations in the household
substantially as men’s increase in power in society – at the expense of women – was mirrored in
household relations. This thesis contributes to the literature on African gender history by examining
how colonisation altered social stratification systems in a case study previously neglected.
Keywords: colonialism, gender, archival research, oral history.
143
Teaching Tausug Resistance in Sulu History Through an Indigenous Perspective
Kamaruddin Bin Alawi Mohammad

University of the Philippines Diliman
In teaching Sulu history, sources from Western scholars were the first to be recognized. One
may conclude that most sources, if not all, are mired with personal agendas, thus it is highly
recommended to be critical in reading them. As time goes by, "counter-discoursing" such sources
become a trend on their own. However, despite the effort to be more critical in "reading" Sulu
history, especially in the area of Tausug resistance, one may observe that most esteemed scholars
in the field were not able to delve more into the realm of the indigenous or the pre-Islamic discourse.
The latter, as understood by the researcher, may provide a more realistic discourse in understanding
Tausug resistance in Sulu history. This is the gap that the researcher attempted to fill in. In other
words, this paper answers the following research questions:
(1) What are some of the related theories that address Sulu history?
(2) What is the indigenous discourse that may provide understanding about
Tausug resistance in Sulu history? 
(3) How does the said discourse addresses Tausug resistance?
In answering the abovementioned research questions, primary and secondary data were
utilized. The narrative of the key informants was the primary data. On one hand, secondary data
were culled from books and journal articles.
Keywords: Tausug, Resistance, Sulu History, Indigenous Perspective, Counter Discourse
144
List of Abstracts
Session F: Rethinking the contribution of social work in the changing
society
Understanding Life of Post-Probationers
Yul Anjelo R. Bello

Master of Science in Social Work
Philippine Women's University
This study understood life beyond probation supervision of five (5) persons convicted of acts of
lasciviousness whose probation supervision in DOJ- Albay Parole and Probation Office ended at
least a year ago. It sought to answer the following questions: (1) What are the participants’
experiences after a year of termination of their probation supervision along self, family, and social
acceptance? (2) What strategies were employed by the participants to address internal and external
circumstances? (3) What intervention program may be proposed as a result of the findings of the
study?
It used Phenomenological Research Method to seek for the answers on the mentioned questions.
The study ran from October 2019 to January 2020.
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
Self-acceptance is a process. It necessitates awareness of shortcomings and engagement in activities
that boost one’s confidence. The deterrent effect of compliance with probation conditions help
promote obedience to and close ties with families. Similarly, a sound relationship with community
members is not an assurance of being accepted.
Post-probationers are not spared from meeting internal and external circumstances in gaining self,
family, and social acceptance. Employing strategies that were products of their self-determination
and experiences after being charged with the offense, proved to be beneficial for them. These chosen
strategies were executed and became their behavior.
Accepting one’s self and the strategies employed to work on them had all-encompassing effects on
families and communities. Self-acceptance enabled to eliminate bad habits that spared them from
disobedience and reduced quality time spent with families.
An Intervention Program called USAP – Ugnayan, Solusyon, at Aksyon Program was created based
on the results of this study. This program aims to sustain post-probationers’ rehabilitation and
reintegration through creating a well-planned and individualized post-probation intervention
program that is responsive to their present needs and concerns.
Keywords: Understanding life, Post-Probationers, Probation
145
Practical Research on Social Work Participating in International Community Governance
under the Actor Network Theory
——Taking JC International Community in Yiwu City as an Example
Qingfeng Zeng, Xinfei Cong, Tianlong You
School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University
This article investigates how social workers participate in community governance over international
communities located in China’s county-level cities. The existing literature mainly focuses on the
Korean community in Beijing, Japanese community in Shanghai, and African community in
Guangzhou, with little attention on similar communities in county-level cities which are highly
embedded in the global trade network such as Yiwu. More important, most foreigners in Yiwu are
from the Muslim world, particularly war-ridden countries, including Iraq, Yemen, Syria, and
Afghanistan, which leads to peculiar challenges to local governance in a county-level city with
limited governance resources. Based on data collected from face-to-face interviews, on-site
observations, and months-long fieldwork through the internship with a local social work
organization, this article finds that foreign traders often face difficulties in language barrier, cultural
integration, religious observation, lifestyle differences, and living arrangements in their everyday
life. In addition, building on the actor-network theory, this article identifies multiple actors in the
network for community governance in response to prior issues in relating to Yiwu’s international
communities and analyzes the development of the local governance model.
Keywords: social work, actor network theory, community governance, international community
146
Long-term Care for the Elderly in East Asia After Confucianism: A Comparison of Japan,
Singapore, and Thailand
Mr. Nitiwate Meesonk

Social Work and Social Policy,
University of Strathclyde
nitiwate.meesonk@strath.ac.uk
This comparative study concentrates on the current situation of the care models in East Asia,
particularly on long-term care for the older persons influenced by Confucianism. Asian traditional
care differs from other regions, which applies and develops Confucianism principles into the unique
care system. Family is the priority in responsible care for the older member with the concept of
filial piety that respects and is attentive to the elderly. However, this region is facing social
disruption in the most critical global demographic changes with a massive growth of an ageing
society and a dramatic decrease in population replacement. The targeting countries of the study
confront the Confucianism transition coincidence significant similarities and differences issues
between Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. The research's first aim is to shed new light on the
Confucianism transition and the development of care regimes in East Asia. The second aim is to
examine the political economy of long-term care and providers' obligations between the state,
market, family, and community in the three countries. To what extent do we find diversity across
the three nations, and how can changes be explained theoretically?
The study employs multiple qualitative methods, such as documentary research, to investigate and
analyse secondary data from relevant policy documents. Moreover, the comparative research
method will help to deliberate and explain cross-national variations. The investigation uses semi-
structured interviews with policymakers and academic experts to understand complex policy
processes and care models in-depth. The research outcomes will explain the Confucianism care
model implemented as a social value and a typical care regime in East Asia. It also will highlight
the correlations and oppositions related to long-term care policy from each country and among
them. The discussion will explore prioritising care responsibility among care institutions that must
share caring authority and resources to maintain social care sustainability.
Keywords: Long-term care, Elderly, Confucianism, East Asia, Comparison study
147
The Contribution of Social Work to Broader Societal Change
Dini Adriani
Chiang Mai University
diniadriani_dini@cmu.ac.th
The world is at the end of the millennium which is characterized by a transition to the process of
globalization that is developing very quickly. Globalization is a consequence of increased human
mobility, increased trade, capital movements, communication advances, and most notably
technological developments. One of the consequences of such developments is the creation of
opportunities to grow and develop and allow different countries to share experiences and learn from
each other. One of the other characteristics of the end of the millennium is the end of the millennium
development goals (MDGs) concept where this concept ended in 2015 and was replaced with
sustainable development goals (SDGs). The SDGs cover a wide range of social and economic
development issues. This includes impoverishment, education, hunger, health, climate change, the
environment, sanitation, energy, and social justice as well. The SDGs are an agenda that has been
agreed upon by countries that are members of the United Nations. SGDs consists of three main
pillars including economic, social, and ecological challenges, and set 17 goals and 169 indicators
in the changes to be achieved.
The global agenda and the objectives of the SDGs provide an opportunity for social workers to
redefine their contributions directly or indirectly related. More broadly, the SDGs provide
opportunities for social workers to provide changes that go beyond just changes in aspects of
community empowerment, human rights, and socio-economic development. The global agenda
increases some possibilities for social workers because the values and goals of the SDGs have
relevance to social worker practices. In addition, SGDs on the global agenda strengthen social
workers in making stronger contributions in three main pillars covering economic, social, and
ecological challenges in general, as well as contributions in policy development in particular.
Through this global agenda, social workers can promote how they can contribute to broader change.
Keywords: Contribution, Social Work, SDGs, Broader change.
148
Strangers in Their Own Land: Social Work for de facto Stateless Chinese Persons by the
Overseas Chinese Association in the China-Myanmar Border
Yinghou Shao, Chenru Yin

Yunnan university
This paper examines how social workers can be involved in social services for de facto stateless
Chinese individuals in the China-Myanmar border region's Overseas Chinese Association. Existing
studies scarcely discuss the fate of Chinese persons who have lost their household registration for
various reasons but nevertheless live in the border regions. Additionally, the limited scholarly
attention on borderland social work is mainly given to a few notable border regions, neglecting the
vast borderland between China and multiple Southeast Asian countries. This study is anchored in
Ruili City on the China-Myanmar border, as China's second land port of entry, which is home to
frequent, numerous, multiethnic visits from both inside and outside. Due to complex historical and
contemporary reasons in both China and Myanmar, some local Chinese have lost their Chinese
household registration but have no interest in obtaining Myanmar citizenship. As de facto stateless
Chinese persons, they used to take advantage of their unclarified status to engage in cross-border
trade, employment, and dwelling. For the convenience of management, the Ruili government
identified them as Chinese overseas and assumed them to be Myanmar citizens. However,
increasingly, they have become a blind spot for local governance as they are not entitled to any of
China's social welfare. Based on data collected from in-depth interviews with the local Overseas
Chinese Association and the Office for Overseas Chinese Affairs, on-site observations, and archival
records, we identified the institutional barriers that prevent the local government from effectively
providing them with basic social services. Moreover, we discussed the roles, functions, and specific
services of social organizations in helping this unique group of individuals and explored potential
improvements.
Keywords: trans-border social workers, de facto stateless persons, Chinese diaspora, China-
Myanmar border
149
Social Work in the Borderland: “Selective Embedding” Strategy for Social Work
Organizations on the China-Myanmar Border
Tianlong You
Yiran Tian
Yunnan university
This study explores the "selective embedding" strategy used by a social work organization in
servicing transnational families. Social work is inevitably colored by the values and ideologies of
the organizations embedded in various politico-institutional contexts of different countries. China’s
social organizations are increasingly involved in political tasks such as rural revitalization in which
social work is encouraged to assist the communities underserviced. However, most studies do not
explore border regions where multiple political, economic, cultural, ethnic factors are intertwined.
This study turns to Ruili, a county-level city on the China-Myanmar border. Using a mixed-method
approach and data collected from in-depth interviews, surveys, on-site observations, and archival
records, this study finds that a local social organization which engages in global social work adopts
a unique selective embedding strategy for helping Myanmar women and children of transnational
families. Due to citizenship status, domestic violence, gender relations, and infectious diseases, we
find that they are deemed a trouble by the local government, which does not have their trust either.
In order to service this institutionally marginalized group, the social organization intentionally kept
distance from the local Chinese government, so that it could maintain a good relationship with the
officials from both countries simultaneously and earned legitimacy from both sides. Additionally,
at the societal level, they were deeply embedded within multiple border villages in Ruili to service
Myanmar women and children closely as a complement to the local governance. At the economic
level, finally, they bridge together the local labor demands and Myanmar women and children who
are able to work, so they can earn financial independence with subsistent livelihoods.
Keywords: trans-border social work, China-Myanmar border, women and children social work,
selective embedding
150
The Strengths for Mental Health Recovery in Emerging Adults: From the Cultural
Perspective
Qi-Rong Chen
Department of Social Work,
Background: The mental health of emerging adults has attracted increasing concern in the current
society because of the high prevalence rate of mental disorders. Emerging adulthood is defined as
a culturally constructed construct. Thus, mental health services for emerging adults must consider
the indigenous cultural context. However, many studies revealed the negative impacts of Chinese
culture on mental health, but rare studies discussed the strengths of Chinese culture in emerging
adults’ mental health recovery. Purpose: This study aims to explore the strengths for mental health
recovery in Chinese emerging adults from the Chinese cultural perspective. Methods: Qualitative
research methods are adopted. 15 Chinese emerging adults who are in recovery from mental
illnesses are recruited to join individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants are invited
to share their recovery experiences of dealing with mental illnesses. In addition, 15 experienced
mental health practitioners who worked with emerging adults are interviewed for the purpose of
triangulation. All interviews are recorded and transcribed for qualitative content analysis, following
the process of coding, categorizing, and theme emerging. Results: The findings showed seven
categories of cultural attributes that derived from traditional Chinese cultural values to promote
mental health recovery in contemporary Chinese emerging adults, including filial piety,
consanguinity, the doctrine of the mean, the Tao follows nature, introspection, self-improvement,
and social connectedness. Furthermore, three themes emerged, including the familial concept
centered on morality and ethics, the interpersonal relationship bonded by focusing on harmony, and
the collective spirit integrated with individual constant self-improvement. Conclusions: This study
sheds light on that cultural attributes exist in the strengths of Chinese emerging adults and
demonstrates the positive impact of Chinese culture on mental health recovery. Further implications
to social work practice are that the development and application of the indigenous strengths-based
practice in mental health services for emerging adults are promising. (300 words)
Keywords: emerging adulthood, mental health recovery, strengths-based practice, Chinese culture
151
A Comparative Analysis of the Brain Drain in the Philippines
Francisco, Melchor John

Republican College-PHINMA
Globalization is inevitable. With the rise of technological transformation and popular culture, the
world stage has become widespread and demanding. For a developing country, like the Philippines,
the popular demand is concerned with the process of living, i.e., employment and opportunities,
since it is ubiquitous, due to its extensive population. In some ways, there has been a national crisis
that Filipino people have been experiencing for years. It is not uncommon to see this in a broad
picture, for there are factors that ought to be considered. While factors are given within the study,
the economic factor is the ultimate cause of why such a problem exists. For many years, the general
population of Overseas Filipino Workers has grown in an equilibrium state, implying that labor
migration is not a myth, resulting in the phenomenon of Brain Drain. Brain Drain is the efflux of
professionals from developing countries to industrialized countries (Lu, 2014). As shown in the
data, most of the Filipino workers who migrate overseas are land-based workers and are influenced
by the specialization of elementary occupations. This study will show the total output of OFW, from
2014 to 2019, including the types of work, sexuality, a popular destination, place of work, and
specialization. This paper will reinstate the problem of developing countries, in terms of labor
employment and lack of opportunities, and the different ways to address the problem of Brain Drain,
as exemplified in the recommendation of the study
Keywords: Push and Pull Factors, Labor Migration, Philippine Economy, Poverty
152
Ethical Challenges and Potential of Digital Social Workers in Helping Distressed People
with Psychological Problems
Shuyu Xu
NHLStenden University
xushuyu8023@sina.com
Haoran Li
Guangxi university of foreign languages
2497149275@qq.com
Tingting He
Mahidol university
Since the major public health emergency of COVID-19, social work has played an important role
with its professional involvement in public health services. However, the traditional model of
offline and face-to-face services has encountered great challenges during public health events. In
the context of this event, many communities in many cities in China have changed their 'offline'
social work services to 'online'. This change has created opportunities for digital social work, but
also challenges. In the case of social work psychological interventions, for example, social workers
are using online platforms to help alleviate boredom and panic caused by isolation at home, and to
promote mental health and hygiene through live webcasts. This is not only conducive to the
expansion of innovative service models such as social work services and virtual social work, but
also helps to give full play to the role of online technology and promote the innovative development
of social work service concepts, theories, models and methodological techniques. However, the
ethical challenges of privacy and confidentiality, boundaries and self-exposure, multiple conflicts
of interest and information inequality that may arise from digital social work services in the course
of digital social work practice should be addressed, and how to practise the concept of professional
ethical values in digital social work services and other such issues should be discussed.
Keywords: digital social work, social work ethics, ethical dilemma, ethical choices
153
Research on Social Work Practice Under the Aggravation of Ageing
JI JIAJING
WakoUniversity 19972162503q@gmail.com
QIYA ZHANG
Rangsit University, Zhangqiya17@gmail.com
MUZI LIU
Mae Fah Luang University, liumuzi77@gmail.com
ZHIWEI GUO
Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University, zhiweiguo10@gmail.com
The aging process of the population is intensifying, posing significant challenges to society and the
country's pension services. As a result, social work practice is also facing a series of problems. The
increasing elderly population requires more human resources for social workers to cope with their
needs. However, the current number of social workers is inadequate to meet the growing needs of
the elderly, leading to an excessive workload and decreased work efficiency for social workers.
Furthermore, the needs of the elderly are more complex compared to the young and require social
workers to have the appropriate expertise to deal with them. Unfortunately, many social workers
lack the necessary knowledge and skills to work with the elderly, resulting in poor quality of
services.
In addition, the growing number of older people requires significant resources to meet their needs,
such as health care, long-term care, and other basic needs. However, the distribution of social
resources is sometimes unfair, resulting in some older people not receiving the necessary services
and resources. Many older people live in poverty and lack the support of the social security system
to obtain basic life security. As a result, it is urgent to explore how to do an excellent job in social
work practice under the aggravation of aging.
Therefore, actively exploring the problem of social work practice under the aggravation of aging
and finding solutions has become an urgent problem to be solved. It is crucial to address the shortage
of human resources, improve the knowledge and skills of social workers in working with the elderly,
and ensure fair distribution of social resources to provide necessary services and resources to the
elderly population.
Keywords: Aging, Resource Allocation, Skills Enhancement
154
Reproduction of Gender Inequality of Maternity Policy of Hong Kong
Jinwen, LIN
Social Work Department,
Following the tradition of neoliberalism and laissez-faire tradition, the economic-originated social
policy framework under which entitlement of social welfare is closely tied with the employment
status of individual, which could damage the well-beings of certain groups of populations in the
society especially the vulnerable ones.
According to The Employment (Amendment) Ordinance, paid maternity leave is extended to 14

weeks and the extension of maternity leave payment was subsidized by government to the
employers after 2020. The policy has explicitly implied that only pregnant female in stable and
formal employment could be entitled the rights of paid maternity leave by integrating the rights
related to maternity into the labor policy although the intervention of government has implied the
intention on securing the rights of pregnant female employees. However, pregnancy and taking care
of baby is one of most influential reasons women stop working or unemployed, especially women
from low-income family that could not afford expense on postnatal care, let alone informal and
part-time employment and unpaid domestic labor has been major form of female labor participation.
Moreover, the seemingly more time for working female to rest after pregnancy could be easily
refuted if the statutory 5-day paternity leave is included into the analysis: male’s participation in
domestic labor and childcare is still excluded therefore reinforcing female’s burden in terms of
responsibility of domestic labor and decreasing female’s labor participation in formal labor
market.
The intervention with the intention of improving birth rate in crisis of Hong Kong has once again
verified the criticism of “Old Wine in New Bottles” on social policy of Hong Kong, resulting
reproduction of gender inequality and poverty issue of low-income female. Social work
professional must insist on improving welfare of the female in poverty by consciousness raising
work and social advocacy under the value of social justice as core value of social work.
Keywords: maternity policy, residual welfare regime, gender inequality, female labor participation
155
Research on the Adaptation and Integration of National and Rural Knowledge Education
Systems under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Yonghua Wang
Office of the Guidance Committee for Minority Language Instruction in Yunnan Province
418415046@qq.com
Gao Lin
Yunnan College of Tourism Vocation
970274881@qq.com
Tingting He
Mahidol University
1184537587@qq.com
Under the background of rural revitalization, the mainstream knowledge education and value
system of the country, labeled as "advanced", "civilized", and "scientific", enter and promote and
change the knowledge concept order in the countryside in a "top-down" manner. However, the rural
knowledge concept order has its own traditional knowledge concept system and local ethnic cultural
context. When the national knowledge education system intersects with the local knowledge
concept system, it will lead to multiple interpretations of a concept. This article attempts to observe
the collision, conflict, and adjustment between the mainstream knowledge education and value
system of the country and the knowledge concept order of the local and ethnic areas in rural
revitalization, analyze the logic behind the conflict adjustment, and explore the knowledge
education differences behind the different understandings of the same concept, in order to propose
some equal and balanced integration paths for the knowledge education systems of both parties.
Keywords: rural revitalization; knowledge education; adjustment and integration
156
A Study regarding the Utility of Institutional Public Relations Strategies Used during the
Period of the Covid-19 Pandemic (Especially within the University of Kelaniya in Sri
Lanka)
Saman Rajapaksha1, Amali Uthpala Nandasiri2, Amani Rupasingha3, Sameera Aththanayake4, Ruwan
Pushpa Kumara5
Senior Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka1,2

Assistant Media Officer, Communication and Media Unit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka3,4,5
saman.rajapaksha@kln.ac.lk1, amali.nandasiri@kln.ac.lk2
amarupasinghe@gmail.com3, sameerak@kln.ac.lk4, rukum191@kln.ac.lk5
This research studies the way in which the institutional public relations of the University of
Kelaniya were maintained during the spread of the Covid -19. The functioning of an organizational
structure designed to represent all parties of the university community and the utility of institutional
public relations strategies used to inform the university's academic, non-academic and student
community about the Covid-19 virus is investigated through this research. The research problem is
what should the use of a new organizational structure and internal and external institutional public
relations strategies to maintain the internal and external communication of an organization in a
pandemic situation be. Here, the main focus was given to the internal processing and
communication activities carried out by the University of Kelaniya, institutionally. Data were
collected in qualitative methods such as observations, interviews under case study. The first
institutional step taken by the University of Kelaniya to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic was to
establish a Covid-prevention committee in the university, adhering to government instructions.
Taking all the necessary decisions to protect the community from the virus, monitoring, maintaining
daily records, notification of information, follow-up, maintaining connections with the
government's Covid departments, etc. were all done subject to the recommendations of this
committee. Communication tasks were accomplished using mass media and new media, such as
conducting discussions through mass media, presenting newspaper features, conducting zoom
meeting discussions through new media, informative videos and posts were spread among the
community through social media. The organizational structure and strategic public relations
strategies adopted by the University of Kelaniya have contributed to the efficient and effective
running of corporate services. It can be pointed out that these new institutional and organizational
structures and strategic public relations strategies can be used institutionally in the event of a health
crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, University of Kelaniya, Institutional Structures, Strategic Public

Relation Strategies, Internal and External Public Relations
157
Promoting Intergenerational Relationships through Social Work: The Critical Role of
Social Work in Bridging Generational Gaps in a Changing Society
Yixuan, Huang
UNSW, Social Policy Research Centre
yixuan.huang@student.unsw.edu.au
Intergenerational relationships are essential for establishing social cohesiveness and understanding

between ages. These relationships are becoming increasingly vital as society develops rapidly,
especially in the context of population ageing. This literature review examines the critical role of
social work in developing intergenerational relationships and bridging generational gaps in a
changing society, with a focus on Australia.
The review examines how social work has developed to promote intergenerational interactions in
the community and family under the current changing society, including the growth of single-parent
homes, blended families, and grandparent-led households. It also explores the challenges and
opportunities given by demographic changes such as an increasing number of older adults and
growing diversity in terms of race, ethnicity, and culture. Particular instances of how these
developments have impacted intergenerational relationships, such as the difficulties experienced by
immigrant families, LGBTQ+ populations, and people with disabilities.
The literature review looks at current methods for social workers to develop intergenerational
connections, such as through technology, school-based programs, and community-based initiatives.
It highlights the significance of meaningful engagement between various age groups, as well as the
necessity to create ways for overcoming challenges in intergenerational relationships, such as
ageism and stereotypes. The review also emphasises the importance of cultural sensitivity and
responsiveness in establishing intergenerational relationships, as well as the challenges that various
groups face.
Overall, the review points out the significance of social work in bridging generational gaps and
building social cohesion. It highlights the emphasis on continuing to pay attention to and promote
intergenerational relationships, and the need for social workers to collaborate across sectors to
develop creative and long-term programs and services that encourage strong and healthy
intergenerational relationships in the future. By strengthening and connecting communities, social
work has the potential to promote a more equal and just society for all.
Keywords: Intergenerational relationships, social work, population ageing, healthy ageing
158
A 4-day Working and Schooling Schedule
Mansha Mahtani
mansh.matni@gmail.com
This presentation examines the pressing issue of the stressful lives that working parents need to
endure while raising their children and the impact on the mental health of all the members in family.
The aim of the study was to identify the stressors and the current standing of the mental health of
working parents of preschoolers along with the impact of the prolonged application of the new
lifestyle that was based on working and schooling from home as a result of the COVID-19
restrictions. Following this, the study also aimed to identify a viable solution, such as a 4-day
working and schooling week that incorporates consistent exposure to nature, to provide a relaxed
environment for working parents and children to grow in. [换行符]The results showed that the level
of burnout experienced by working parents is at an alarming level as they have limited access to
resources that help to alleviate the pressure that comes solely with parenting. This cyclical burnout
has shaped the parenting style adopted by parents and in turn impacted the emotions and upbringing
of their children. Simultaneously, the amount of stress that is experienced by children as a result of
growing pressures revolving around their academic performance has changed their schooling
experience. A wide range of literature review has shown the impact of frequent exposure to nature
having a relieving impact on the levels of stress experienced by both adults and children. To
conclude, the correlation between the quality of life, ones’ mental health and shorter working and
studying weeks with consistent exposure to nature will be discussed.
Keywords: mental health, stress, parenting, nature, academic stress
159
List of Abstracts
Session G: Smart society and future earth: challenges and opportunities
in Geography
Connecting Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Climate Change, Drought Assessment,
Agriculture Adaptation Practices for Food Security: A Learning from Noakhali,
Bangladesh
Md Abdullah Al Mamun,
he Noakhali coastal area was assumed to be a secured agriculture production area with favorable
climate conditions. The economic activities here fully rely on agriculture and related livelihood for
large population. In terms of food security, large area of agriculture land was utilized for crop
production mostly rely on timely and favorable climate conditions. Examining short-term seasonal
droughts which were responsible for insufficient soil moisture and harm to crop water balance and
agricultural systems for food production along with perceptions of agriculture stakeholders in this
study area. The current perspectives of agriculture sector stakeholders in this territory with seasonal
agriculture drought occurrences, the perceptions and practices of respondents indicate the necessity
of adopting agricultural practices with modifications to traditional farming techniques that have an
impact on food and nutrition security in the near future. Some adaptation strategies, such as short-
period rice, floating beds for growing green vegetables, and farming techniques known as “Sorjan”
(the local term) were being implemented as part of the CSA (climate-smart agriculture) practices in
the coastal area in order to adjust agriculture to climate impacts. In this work, we examine the
variability in drought assessments in relation to global warming by using historical (long-term) data
from the meteorological stations in this area. The SPEI (Standardized precipitation-
evapotranspiration index) and STI (Standardized terrestrial water storage index) were used to
identify drought events where we find relevant drought intensity in the area quantitively that was
align with interviewers’ assumptions we analyses qualitatively. According to the Mann-Kendall
trend test, SPEI and STI index droughts events and intensity were upward for short term drought
assessment. We contend that Noakhali, Bangladesh’s food security strategy, supply chain
governance, and practice have not yet completely incorporated a broader picture of climate change,
beyond disasters and food production.
Keywords: Stakeholders perspectives, Agriculture adaptation, Drought, SPEI, STI, Climate

change, Food security, Noakhali.
160
Inclusive Contribution by International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) for Human
Refugee: Reviews on Climate Change and Environmental Perspective
Ica Cahayani; Silvia Cristine Hasianta Manurung
Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,

Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia
As a result of the advent of the climate change phenomena, many international organizations are
currently going through major changes, which illustrates how this perspective is frequently not the
primary focus in international refugee management  strategies. At the moment, dangerous
environmental problems due to climate change can  encourage refugees so that the general
definition of causes of refugees is not only caused by  violence and conflict in a country.
Unfortunately, the academic literature overlook the  capability of international philanthropic
organizations having an inclusive role in preventing  a climate crisis that causes massive population
emigration. The scholars, regrettably, also  ignore the role that global philanthropy organizations
can play in averting a  climatic disaster that leads to significant population emigration. The
worldwide charitable organization. ICRC for example, has the goal of controlling and preventing
climate change which is thought to be a significant factor in housing loss and the shortage of food
sources that is causing an increase in the number of migrants worldwide. This study intends to
assess the ICRC's initiatives to promote commitment  to solve global climate change and poor
environmental conditions not only from a  perspective but in practice in order to understand this
issue. To analyze this role, we use  observation and interview method, especially ICRC Indonesia
to find out more about  program sustainability in practice, but do not make Indonesia the only
country in this study to see ICRC's existence on the issue of climate change. In order to measure
the effectiveness of  the ICRC's efforts in resolving the issue of refugees brought on by climate
change, we must examine the ICRC’s waste management industry to guarantee that it does not
produce hazardous waste and manage the environment, especially in the case of refugee camps that
are close to clean water sources. To maintain the supply of clean water, the organization must ensure
that the environment is preserved in good condition. In addition, sloppy sanitation will make refugee
settlements seem like slums and harm the ecosystem. Our research demonstrates that the ICRC's
contribution is not only important but also merits further consideration when it comes to the
execution of its initiatives, especially for keeping the sustainability of the environment.
Keywords: ICRC, Human Refugee, Climate change, Environmental Perilous
161
Unlocking the Potential of Vermicompost for Sustainable Agriculture: Insights from a 6-
year Study in Drought- and Salinity-affected Regions in Bangladesh
Khusnur Jahan Shapna1; Md Lokman Hossain 2; Jianfeng Li 2; Saifullah Khandker 3
1
Development Studies Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
k.jahan.ku@outlook.com
2
Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
lokmanbbd@gmail.com, jianfengli@hkbu.edu.hk
3
Department of Environment Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, Gazipur,
Bangladesh sakhandker@t-online.de
Agricultural production and sustainability are critical components of global food security, and
vermicompost (transforming organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer using earthworm) has gained
attention as a sustainable and cost-effective means of producing safe food. In attempting to (i) assess
farmers' perception of vermicompost production and utilization for safe food production and (ii)
explore how application of vermicompost enhances soil fertility in two soil types (alluvial and
saline), we carried out a study in drought-prone Jessore and salinity-affected Khulna districts in
Bangladesh for the period 2017-2022. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect
vermicompost information from 184 households, and focus group discussions and key informant
interview were applied to collect qualitative data. Field experiments (22 crop fields) were conducted
in which farmers applied vermicompost to plots of alluvial and saline soil in Jessore and Khulna,
respectively. Soil samples were collected from crop fields twice a year (before vermicompost
application and after crop harvest) and analyzed the physico-chemical properties (N, P, K, pH, and
texture). Results indicated that households in Jessore were successful in vermicompost production,
leading to increased crop production and soil fertility. In contrast, households in Khulna struggled
due to the challenges of salinity, resulting in no significant changes in soil physico-chemical
properties. Alluvial soil in Jessore experienced considerable rises in N, P, and K discharge, while
salinity-affected soil in Khulna did not exhibit a significant increase in nutrient discharge. These
findings suggest that the release of nutrients from vermicompost is influenced by the soil type and
crop variety. This study highlights the challenges and opportunities for successful adoption of
vermicompost in different environments and provides valuable insights for policymakers and
practitioners working towards sustainable agriculture. Farmers' perception, education, and
awareness, as well as soil characteristics, should be considered in the adoption and utilization of
vermicompost for sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Climate change adaptation; sustainable agriculture; food security; safe food production;
organic farming; soil salinity.
162
Youth Voice on Energy Transition and Climate Justice: A Cases of Three Provincial Cities
in Indonesia
David EFENDI
Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
Parid RIDWAN
Paramadina University
Rifki SANAHDI
University of Queensland, Australia
Narrating the ideas and perspectives of young people on energy transition and climate justice is still
a limited concerns in academic discourse in Indonesia. This paper seeks to contribute to the strategic
role of young people across different religions and genders in responding to environmental
degradation in three provinces in Indonesia: Banjarmasin, Samarinda, and Palembang. The lack
participation of youth-based religious groups makes this research important because of the
generational response gap, which needs to be seen as a strength (potential impact of the movement).
By conducting FGD, interviews, and surveys, this paper found several ongoing conclusions. Firstly,
sporadic responses have actually existed in various activities, both directly and indirectly criticizing
energy and climate policies. Secondly, they (young people) always feel more confident when they
find mentors in the movement, so the role of connecting organizations is key to materializing the
response. Finally, the ebb and flow of youth responses are not only influenced by ecological
knowledge but also greatly influenced by the movement's ecosystem in their city. .
Keywords: young people, climate, energy transition, ecology, faith-based organization."
163
Improving Satellite-Derived Precipitation Downscaling in Data-Sparse Area Using Deep
Learning and Transfer Learning
Honglin, ZHU
Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University
Many deep learning (DL) downscaling techniques have been adopted to drive high-resolution
quantitative precipitation estimations. However, DL models that perform well in one domain may
not generalize well to other areas, especially those that are data-scarce, making generating reliable
high-resolution precipitation challenging. To address this issue, this study proposed a DL-based
downscaling framework with transfer learning (TL) to improve the accuracy and resolution of
precipitation in data-scarce region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to improve
remote sensing precipitation downscaling using TL. Results showed that compared with the original
satellite data, the correlation coefficient (CC) of downscaled results of fine-tuned model increased
from 0.52 to 0.66, indicating that TL models with at least one fine-tunable layers achieved
significant improvements and can be employed successfully. The pretrained model cannot be
directly applied in transferred regions, as its CC was reduced by 19.3% in comparison with the
retrained model. The fine-tuned models obtained even higher accuracy (with CC of 0.66) than the
model trained independently with data of target domains (with CC of 0.65). Results also showed
that the more the number of fine-tunable layers, the better the TL models performed. TL models
produced more accurate results when the number of fine-tunable layers increased, indicating the
importance of involving the local training data. Different combinations of fine-tunable layers would
impact the downscaling results and the optimal TL models at two target domains varied. This study
provided a promising DL approach to produce the high-resolution and high accuracy satellite-based
precipitation over data-sparse areas by transferring knowledge from pretrained models. TL had
great potential in precipitation downscaling and estimation, and could be well-applied in regional
hydrological modelling and water resources management.
Keywords: deep learning, transfer learning, precipitation, downscaling, data-sparse area
164
Nyepi as Local Wisdom for The World’s Sustainable Development
Tunjung Wijanarka
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia 50742
tunjungwijanarka@gmail.com
Rizki Amalia Yanuartha

Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
rizk.amalia@uksw.edu
Putri Hergianasari
Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia
Putri.hergianasari@uksw.edu
Talking about caring for the earth, does not only involve a few parties, but everyone who lives on
this earth. The health of the earth has been an international concern for a long time. Not only for
the benefit of the environment but for the survival of the humans who live in it. Caring for the earth
is a step to sustain human life. The reality is that humans survive by destroying the earth. Excessive
use of natural resources, land conversion and natural pollution become machines that destroy nature
and generate money for humans. Habits of humans who do not care about the natural surroundings
further encourage the rapid destruction of the earth. This research seeks to examine how local values
can contribute to and have an impact on environmental resilience inspired by the SDGs. This study
uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method with a literature study data source. This study uses
green theory to analyze data. Green theory assumes that current political activities damage the
environment, therefore there is a need for a protective concept of “Think Globally Act Locally”.
This research departs from the condition that development conditions tend to be economic without
regard to the environment. Reflecting on the Balinese Hindu Nyepi concept which has the ideas of
Amati Geni, Amati Karya, Amati Lelungan and Amati Lelanguan which all focus on human rest
activities so that nature can “rest”. Through this idea, this study seeks to offer a model for the
government to adopt this concept as a consideration for efforts to reduce climate change due to
ongoing human activities. So that the balance of People, Planet, Profit can be maintained.
Keywords: Green Theory, Nyepi, Local Wisdom, Sustainable Development.
165
Envisioning a Smart Energy Transition in Hong Kong: A Transdisciplinary Community
Engagement Model
Wing Kei, Cheung

kikicheungwk@life.hkbu.edu.hk
Dr Ngar-yin, Mah
daphnemah@hkbu.edu.hk
Public engagement is crucial for a holistic energy transition. However, conventional community
engagement approaches tend to be peripheral to the transitions research agenda. This research
studies the effect of envisioning as a community engagement process to fostering an inclusive smart
energy transition. Envisioning is a non-conventional community engagement approach that
encourages creative inputs and participation of everyone. It is a builds capacity of local households
to co-learn knowledge on sustainable energy, co-develop visions and co-create energy transition
action plans.
Four forms of envisioning were designed and applied in the Fairview Park community in Hong
Kong. Target groups include general households, children, elderly, intellectually disabled children,
as well as university students from Asian countries.
Firstly, 24 Fairview Park households were invited to a solar exchange workshop to share about the
opportunities and barriers on developing residential and community solar, as well as the possibilities
of community solar development. Secondly, three children science workshops were conducted in
Fairview Park, with one particularly designed for intellectual disabled children. Thirdly, a mobile
game is designed to allow households to envision and build their energy community. Fourthly, a
cross-cultural deliberate workshop for 40 university undergraduates on the Stanford Online
Deliberative Platform was conducted, and the method could be applied towards cross-community
envisioning workshops.
Based on the above trials, I highlight three key preliminary observations. First, it is observed that
envisioning is not an inborn skill, instead it could be acquired through knowledge-sharing and
trainings. Second, cross-sectoral collaboration could be an effective method to promote envisioning
in the local community, as internal and external organisations bring in and connect various groups
of residents in the community. Third, envisioning could be a way to rebuild intergenerational
dialogue and learning. This pilot research project will be further applied to three other energy
communities in Seoul, Sydney and Bristol.
Keywords: Energy Transitions, Envisioning, Community Engagement, STEM, Deliberation
166
Strategies of the Community Based Disaster Management Process; Special Reference to
Biyagama Divisional Secretariat Division in Sri Lanka.
K.L.N. Chathurani 1*, Prof. Rev. P. Sangasumana2, Sumanajith Kumara2, Sampath Arunashantha43
1*
Postgraduate Student, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
2
Department of Geography, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
3
Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
As a tropical country, the Sri Lankan island annually occurs different types of disasters such as
floods, droughts, cyclones etc. These disasters also have diver’s characteristics, a broad scope of
distribution, high frequency and significant losses. Therefore, an advanced Community-Based
Disaster Management Capacity (CBDMC) is needed. The community is the bottom unit of society,
and CBDMC is the foundation of the entire society’s disaster management process. The government
agencies and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) has been preliminarily formed disaster risk
reduction activities. The researcher has selected the Kelaniya river basin as a study site and four
Grama Niladhari Divisions elected for sampling sites, namely Yabaraluwa North, Yabaraluwa
South, Biyagama South, Malwana, located in Biyagama Divisional Secretariat Division. Kelaniya
River flows on the western slope of the central highland in Sri Lanka. Most southwest monsoon
makes the river basin vulnerable to frequent floods. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water
in the Kelani river’s lower catchment area more than the middle and upper parts, as floods have
been recognised as a primary natural calamity. This study mainly focused on the 2021 flood event
and used situation analysis techniques to identify CBDMC. This research’s primary purpose was to
determine the adaptation measures by the community. It will depend on the human activities, human
capacity, and structure of buildings. But the study reveals that CBDMC depends on income level,
house types, education level, ethnicity, family status etc. Therefore, it is essential to identify a
sustainable CBDMC program, which should be implemented and monitored by community
leaders.
Keywords: Community Based Adaptation, Disaster Management, Flood event, Kelaniya River
Basin
167
Free Rides for Cleaner Air: The Effect of Fare-Free Public Transport on Air Quality
Liang, Yuan
liangyuan@life.hkbu.edu.hk
The Fare-free public transport (FFPT) program has been gaining increasing popularity in several
cities worldwide as a policy tool to mitigate automobile externalities such as air pollution. However,
whether it is practically effective remains unclear. To this end, I exploit a natural experiment in
Fuzhou, a provincial capital city on the southeast coast of China, to empirically examine the effects
of FFPT programs on air quality. Fuzhou made subway and bus trips free to riders on non-working
days (i.e., weekends and holidays) from August to October 2020. By using difference-in-differences
estimators to compare the differences in air pollution levels between non-working days and working
days when the program is in place with those in the absence of the program, I find that, on average,
Fuzhou’s FFPT program decreases PM2.5 concentrations by 2.429 µg/m3 (14.3%). The estimate is
robust against a series of robustness checks. Additionally, suggestive evidence indicates that the
abolishment of public transit fares significantly increases public transit ridership and reduces carbon
monoxide concentrations (a proxy for car use), helping explain how the FFPT program contributes
to combating air pollution.
Keywords: Air pollution, Air quality, Free-fare public transport, Transport policy
168
Digital Consumers, Pinduoduo and the Distribution of the Imported Fresh Fruit from
Vietnam in China’s Market
Xinyi, Liang
xinyiliang@life.hkbu.edu.hk
Since the early 2010s, driven by digital platforms, China’s digital consumers in fresh food industry
have risen rapidly. Existing global value chains (GVC) research provides significant insights into
the role of consumer behavior in fresh food in the advanced markets in the pre-digital era, but
overlook the role of digital consumers since the advent of digital platforms, which have
reconfigured the imported fresh fruit industry in the emerging markets. China is the most prosperous
emerging markets in the digital era, particularly in the imported fresh fruit. Borrowing insights from
GVC and platform literature, this study seeks to establish an integrated analytic framework to
investigate the role of digital consumers in further promoting digital platforms to restructure the
fruit industry in the rapidly digitalizing global economy. Taking the consumption of Vietnamese
dragon fruit in the Pinduoduo as a case, based on the questionnaires and interviews, this study
argued that the digital consumers’ time to purchase and their demand for time in fruit delivery
facilitate the distribution pattern of imported fresh fruit from Vietnam in the Chinese market through
digital platforms, which in turn can facilitate the use of consumer data by digital platforms. The
contributions of the article lie in advances the GVC literature by highlighting the mutual
relationship between digital consumers and digital platforms in the digital transformation of value
chains.
Keywords: digital platforms; digital consumers; distribution; dragon fruits; China
169
The Dis-Embedded Technologies: The Factors Behind the Failure of the Rural
Revitalization Through E-Commerce in a Taobao Village in West China
Tianlong You
Zhongsi Nie
Yunnan University
This article analyzes how e-commerce fail to facilitate the rural revitalization in West China. Studies
on rural e-commerce mainly focuses its empowerment on rural resident, the transformed
agricultural sector and the newly emerged handcraft and manufacturing sectors. However, the
extant studies were conducted during the growth stage of China’s e-commerce giants which
acquired customers proactively mainly in East China with no or little governmental supervision.
Our case study of the rural revitalization of Xinhua Village, the first Taobao Village in Yunnan
Province, through e-commerce sheds a new light on difficulties taking advantage of fast-evolving
technologies to achieve economic growth. Using data collected from face-to-face interviews and
on-site observations in Xinhua Village, as well as archival records of government policies, this
study, building on the idea of dis-embeddedness and the framework of state-market-society,
discovers that: (1) on the micro-level, entrepreneurs’ e-commerce transition attempts are hindered
by their low educational attainment, low e-commerce literacy, and path dependence on a robust
existing sector extremely relied upon a well-functioning offline trade network across the country;
(2) on the meso-level, the prospects of the rural revitalization of the village with a good e-commerce
record become diminished as e-commerce giants slow customer acquisition especially in West
China in which e-commerce infrastructures and politico-institutional endowments are
underdeveloped when facing intense government scrutiny; (3) on the macro-level, local and
provincial government officials are also lack of e-commerce literacy, who are unable to customize
an e-commerce rural revitalization for Xinhua Village as the collaboration with e-commerce giants
stall. This study shows that internet technologies, unable to automatically empower a traditional
industry, must work together with individuals, the capital as well as the state in an embedded
manner.
Keywords: Rural E-Commerce, Rural Revitalization, West China, Dis-Embeddedness, State-

Market-Society Framework
170
High Quality Collaborative Governance of the Economic Chain of the Geographic
Information Industry in the Era of Smart Earth
RongRong, Wang
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Cas, berylkate@qq.com
Jim, Fan
Jinan University, 604693834@qq.com
Lingyan, Chen
Guangzhou Huali College, 15000240431@xs.hnit.edu.cn
Smart Earth is an organic combination of the Internet of Things, cloud computing and digital earth.
The technologies related to digital earth involve all aspects of the acquisition, management and
utilisation of geospatial information, with the main research content including rapid acquisition of
spatial information, scheduling and management of spatial data, visualisation of spatial information,
analysis and mining of spatial information. The Internet of Things realises the connection between
people and people, people and machines, and machines and machines. Geographic information data
is an important factor of production and a strategic data resource, and has a fundamental and
pioneering important position and role in promoting high-quality development.
In recent years, the geographic information industry has continued to develop, the vertical upstream
and downstream of the industry chain has been expanded, the horizontal elements supporting the
continuous improvement, infrastructure construction, data platform construction, application
service innovation, etc. continue to participate in the integration of the modernization process of the
national governance system and governance capacity, and gradually come out of a digital
civilization era and the digital economy in the context of collaborative governance of the geographic
information industry chain to promote the realization of the overall smart governance Under the
influence of the normalization of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, this paper studies the co-
ordination of development and security, promotes the transformation of data resources into data
assets, brings into play the value of spatio-temporal data as a new type of production factor, builds
a new basic mapping system, realistic 3D, and the construction of a spatio-temporal big data
platform for the digital, digital economy, digital government and digital society to provide a unified
spatio-temporal data base board, and better helps modern logistics, sharing economy, intelligent
travel and other new industries.
Keywords: Smart Earth; Digital Economy; Geographic Information; Collaborative Governance
171
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Table of Content

The Organising Committee 2

Message from the Organising Committee 3

Keynote Speaker 1 - Prof. Mark Bray 4

Abstract of Keynote Speech 1 5

Keynote Speaker 2 - Prof. Dr. Sonia Lippke 6

Abstract of Keynote Speech 2 7

Alumni Sharing Speaker - Dr. Md Lokman Hossain 8

Abstract of Alumni Sharing 9

Programme Rundown 10-11

Conference Venue - Floor Plan 12

Presentation Schedule 13-32

List of Abstracts 33-171

Session B2 Rethinking forms of social realities, structures, and agencies 77-90

Session E Historical change and continuity from a global perspective 132-144

Campus Map 172

Ms. LYU Min Lena (PhD student, Department of Education Studies)

Director, Faculty Research Postgraduate Studies;

Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University

The information in this booklet is correct at the time of printing.

honour for us to have all of you here to attend this conference.

“(Re)thinking Futures: Introspection, Retrospection and Prospection” invites young

imagined futures through research of social sciences? This inter/cross/trans-disciplinary

from Hong Kong and beyond.

Prof. Mark Bray

Distinguished Chair Professor, Faculty of Education,

University of Hong Kong. He is a Past-President of the World Council of Comparative Education

Educational Planning (IIEP).

Perspectives and comparisons in social science research:

Prof. Mark Bray

Prof. Dr. Sonia Lippke

Head of Health Psychology & Behavioral

Prof. Dr. Sonia Lippke

The aftermath of the SARS-Cov2-pandemic requires management of different challenges:

incorrectly suffer from worsening symptoms.

approach. Further information about the project reviewed in this keynote:

Dr. Md Lokman Hossain

Post-doctoral Research Fellow,

Letters, Global Ecology and Conservation, and Ecological Processes.

Publishing articles: Receiving universal currency for entering the academic

Dr. Md Lokman Hossain

component of graduation and career potential. Because publication is comparable to a universal

University and securing a post-doctoral position.

Time Activity Venue

Morning Registration (for presenters) WLB Foyer

09:15-09:20 Welcoming Speech WLB 103

09:20-09:25 Souvenir Presentation & Group Photo WLB 103

09:25-10:15 Keynote Speech 1 WLB 103

10:15-11:05 Keynote Speech 2 WLB 103

11:05-11:15 Tea Break WLB Gallery

Time Activity Venue

13:00-14:00 Lunch Break WLB Gallery

14:00-14:40 Alumni Sharing WLB 103

17:00-17:15 Tea Break WLB Gallery

17:15-17:30 Closing Ceremony WLB 103

WLB 2/F Floor Plan

Name of Presenter Topics of Presentation Time

Mrs. Myrna PRINCIPE Intensified “Online Kamustahan” in Bridging the 14:45-

Exploring Learning Experience of Mainland

Ms. Claudia CHAN A Conceptual Framework for Research on 16:30-

Name of Presenter Topics of Presentation Time

Miss HUANG Lin 11:30-