English for Academic and

Professional Purposes

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English for Academic and Professional Purposes- Grade 12
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Defending a Stand on an Issue Supported by Properly-Cited
Factual Evidences
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rhoda A. Bagon
Editor: Julius Cezar D. Napallatan
Coordinator: Editha S. Enriquez
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javena, Ed. D.
Chief - School Governance and Operations Division
Education Program Supervisors
1. Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE
2. Liza A. Alvarez, Science
3. Bernard R. Balitao, Araling Panlipunan
4. Joselito E. Calios, English
5. Norlyn D. Conde, Ed. D., MAPEH
6. Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
7. Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
8. Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D., ESP/SPED
9. Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/MTB
10. Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Division of Pasig City

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 English for Academic and
Professional Purposes

Lesson 5
Quarter 1
Defending a Stand on an Issue
Supported by Properly-Cited
Factual Evidences

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes- Grade 12

Defending a Stand on an Issue Supported by Properly-Cited Factual Evidences!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the English for Academic and Professional Purposes Module on

Defending a Stand on an Issue Supported by Properly-Cited Factual Evidences

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the

concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills

that you understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

applications of the lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the

learning competency.

Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from
the entire module. Ito po ang parts ng module

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 EXPECTATION

This is your self-instructional learner module in English 12. All the activities
provided in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Defending a Stand on
an Issue Supported by Properly-Cited Factual Evidences

Specifically, you will learn the following:

1. Analyze the stand made by the writer;
2. Cite references properly;
3. Make a stand on an issue and;
4. Write an argumentative essay

Determine whether each sentence presents a credible information. Put a ( ) or (X)

before the number.

____ 1. According to the WHO, contact tracing is the process of identifying,

assessing, and managing people who have been exposed to a disease to prevent
onward transmission.

____ 2. South Korea reported 73 new cases of the coronavirus, although officials
worry of a potential rise after the five-day holiday period that ended Sunday.

____ 3. There is an increase of reported Covid cases in the Philippines.

____ 4. Latest data from the Department of Education (DepEd) showed that there
are 24.72 million who enrolled in basic education this school year, representing
89.02 percent of the student population of 27.7 million in 2019.
____ 5. A survey conducted by Save the Children International showed that at least
10 million students worldwide will not be able to return to school this year due to
lack of access to technology needed for distance learning and support they need at
home.

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 RECAP

Connect the following key words by using to give the summary of the
previous lesson.

evidence argument claim clear essay

LESSON

Photos from www.pixabay.com

What do you think all these three pictures have in common?

If you say , that they are making a stand or defending something then you
are correct.

Previously, we have learned that for a writer to deliver an effective argument,

he should be able to make a strong claim backed with evidences or supporting
statements for this.

The writer must make sure that his argument or claim is good enough to be
debated on. He must be able to persuade the readers on the rationality or
soundness of the claim. To do this, the writer must be able to have the proofs to
support his argument. A writer does this, so his claim is substantiated with facts.

Facts are important details that a writer uses to support the topic or issue
he is trying to defend in an argumentative essay. Citing sources correctly avoids a
writer from committing plagiarism. This is getting or copying ideas without proper
acknowledgment from the original source.

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 Strategizing his way of defending his stand is for a writer to make a firm
claim. What he discusses in his essay shows his knowledge about the issue , his
power of persuasion and his ability to defend his argument effectively. He lays out
his argument by supporting this with data, statistics , and expert opinions.
However, a skillful writer knows how to cite these sources properly. In doing that,
he is confident that his objective of persuading his readers of his stand on an issue
is acceptable. For instance, if the writer argues that getting vaccinated at an early
age secures the health of person from further contracting corona virus. He should
get an information or a study about this that proves his argument. Plainly writing a
stand and no justification of it, is a no – no in an argumentative essay.

Why do we cite? Here are some points for us to understand the importance
of citing sources:

1. It is to give credit to persons or groups whose information we borrow. We

recognize them for their ideas, works, or words as our source of information.
2. It also prepares readers with the details needed to investigate or study the
same source and do more research on their own.
3. It helps avoid plagiarism.

So how do we properly cite evidences?

Forms of citation:

1.In-text citation- is citing details of the reference used in some parts in the paper
or essay. The format differs per style:

APA Style: (used in Psychology,Sciences & Education)

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This
means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source
should appear in the text,for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for
each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

Two of the three reviewed studies focusing on communication in non-internet

and internet relationships mediated by FtF,phone, or email modalities found that
the frequency of each modality’s use was significantly linked to the strength of the
particular realtionship (Cummings et al, 2002).
https//owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/20090212013008_560.pdf

MLA Style (used mostly in Humanities)

MLA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the page number
from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). If the
source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical
citation: (Smith).

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 A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs
designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech
(Derwing et al. 246; Thomas 15). Their training techniques are based on the
research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to
non-native speech. Derwing and others conducted their training with students
preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with
non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program (258).
https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/mlacitation/intext

2. Reference citation- refers to complete bibliographic entries of all referencs used.

This is found at the last part of the paper.

References
Cummings, J. N., Butler B., & Kraut, r. (2002).The quality of online social
relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45 (7). 103-108)
HU, Y., Wood,J.F., Smith, V. & Westbrook, N. (2004) Friendships through IM:
Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of
Computer- Mediated Communication, 10,34-48.

MLA Style:

References

Derwing, Tracey M., et al. "Teaching Native Speakers to Listen to Foreign -accented
Speech." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, vol. 23, no. 4, 2002,
pp. 245-259.
Thomas, Holly K. Training Strategies for Improving Listeners' Comprehension of
Foreign-accented Speech. University of Colorado, Boulder, 2004.
General Guidelines in In-text citation -APA style:

Author's name in parentheses:

One study found that the most important element in comprehending non-native
speech is familiarity with the topic (Gass & Varonis, 1984).

Author's name part of narrative:

Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element in comprehending
non-native speech is familiarity with the topic.

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Group as author:

First citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2015)

Subsequent citation: (APA, 2015)

Multiple works: (separate each work with semi-colons)

Example: Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves

comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech
Thomas, 2004).

Direct quote: (include page number and place quotation marks around the direct
quote)

One study found that “the listener's familiarity with the topic of discourse
greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (Gass & Varonis, 1984,
p. 85).

Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listener’s familiarity with the topic
of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (p. 85).

Note: For direct quotations of more than 40 words, display the quote as an
indented block of text without quotation marks and include the authors’ names,
year, and page number in parentheses at the end of the quote. For example:

This suggests that familiarity with nonnative speech in general, although it is clearly
not as important a variable as topic familiarity, may indeed have some effect. That is,
prior experience with nonnative speech, such as that gained by listening to the
reading, facilitates comprehension. (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 77)

Note: When using multiple authors' names as part of your narrative, rather than in
parentheses, always spell out the word and. For multiple authors' names within a
parenthetic citation, use &.

One author: (Field, 2005)

Two authors: (Gass & Varonis, 1984)
Three or more authors: (Tremblay et al., 2010)

General Guidelines in In-text citation -MLA style:

Author-page style:
The author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or
paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should
appear on your Works Cited page or References.

The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses
following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always
appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

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Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings" (263).

Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"

(Wordsworth 263).

Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Print sources with known author:

Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers,
provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page
number. Example:

Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals"

(3).

Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).

Print sources with no known author:

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of
an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an
article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire
Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available. Example:

We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because

this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive
programs to monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global
Warming").

ACTIVITY

Activity 1. Write YES if it the sentence follows proper citation and NO if it does
not.
____ 1. APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio,2014).

The sentence used in-text citation APA style – writing the author’s name and year
of publication of work further, parentheses were used to separate the cited author
to denote that it was not part of the sentence but the source of information.

____ 2. As of this year, there are already more than 400,000 Covid cases in the
Philippines.

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The sentence though tells a fact, is not really strong because the source where it
got the figures-the DOH, was not mentioned or cited.

3.Academic writing is thinking; you cannot just write anything that comes to your
mind. You have to abide by the set of rules and practices in writing. You have to
write in a language that is appropriate and formal but not pretentious. You also
have to consider the knowledge and background of your audience. (Saqueton &
Uychoco, 2016, p 10)
If you say this sentence is cited properly, then you’re right. Since this is a direct
quotation, the paragraph was written in block format without quotation marks
and the authors’ names with year and page number inside the parentheses.
4.Despite the cause of climate change to the country, tourism in parts of Greenland
is booming. (Global Warming’s Boom Town”, 82).
This is properly written with the title of the article written since the author is
unknown.
5.Mutation in viruses are not really new or unexpected because all viruses mutate
overtime or more than others. (Stuart Ray, Robert Bollinger and Raj Gupta,2020)
This does not follow proper citation because if the information came from more
than 2 authors, the names should not all be written but the name of first author
only with “et al” written after the name to signify that there are more than 2
authors for the cited work.

Activity 2. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

____ 1. APA is appropriate for the field of sciences only.

____ 2. Students should learn how to paraphrase effectively to avoid plagiarism.

____ 3. There is only one format to use when citing sources.

____ 4. Citations are found within the text and in reference list.

____ 5. A well- researched paper uses correct citing of sources.

WRAP UP

Compare and contrast in-text citation and reference citation.

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 VALUING

Complete the following:

In learning about _____________________________________ , I realized that it is

not only important that I know how to construct sentences and arrange flow of
ideas in writing an _________ . It is also important that I learn how to
________________________ so that I can produce a ____________________ essay.

POSTTEST

A
Choose the correct answer , circle the letter of your choice.

1. It is claiming or writing another person’s ideas or work as one’s own.

A. invention B. plagiarism C. experimentation D. duplication

2. It is citing details within the text.

A. quoting B. annotating C. reference D. in-text citation

3. List of sources or materials used in bibliographic entries.

A. quoting B. annotating C. references D. in-text citation

4. When a writer cites his sources, he _______ that the information gathered is not
his own.

A. attempts B. allows C. rejects D. acknowledges

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5. All ideas are true about citing factual evidences except,

A. Common knowledge such as facts known by many should be cited

B. Printed materials like journals, books and etc. are sources for citing information.

C. Citing sources gives credit to author or creator

D. Citing enables the reader to search or locate the information

B.
Apply the learning you gained on this lesson. Write a five-sentence paragraph on
the importance of following health protocols in this time of pandemic. Use this
excerpt of information as your in-text citation:

“We cannot underscore more the importance of regular hand washing and
observance of cough etiquette to prevent the spread of the COVID-19. I urge all our
kababayans to continuously cooperate with the Department of Health to keep the
risk of this new disease at bay. Together we can eliminate the threat of COVID-19,”
Health Secretary Francisco T. Duque III added.
Press Release / 17 Feb 2020
https://doh.gov.ph/DOH-UPDATES-THE- PUBLIC-ON-THE-COVID-19-HEALTH-EVENT

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 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. A 5. T 5.
4. D 4. T 4.
3. C 3. F 3. X
2. D 2. T 2. X
1. B 1. F 1
Posttest A Activity 2 Activity 1

References

Saqueton, Grace M. & Uychoco, Marikit Tara A. English for Academic

Purposes.Manila. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 2016

Barrot,Jessie Saraza & Siapcio, Philippe John F.Englsih for Academic &
Professional Purposes.Quezon City.C & E Publsishing Inc. 2016

https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/basiccitationguidelines

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and
_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/mlacitation/intext

https://www.wikihow.com/Cite-Articles-Without-Authors

https://www.castleton.edu/library/information-literacy-graduation-
standard/information-literacy-tutorial/information-ethics-citing-sources-

https://doh.gov.ph/DOH-UPDATES-THE-PUBLIC-ON-THE-COVID-19-HEALTH-
EVENT

https://pixabay.com/

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