HTC051

Lec2
 Technical Drawing Tools
One mechanical pencil: 0.7 and
0.5 mm,

One compass and one divider

One set of 45- and 30/60-

degree triangles

1 Metric Scale

One irregular curve (French

curve)

One protractor

One good eraser (and if you

can afford, one erasing shield)
 Types of Drawings
All Drawings

Artistic Technical

Sketches Diagrams Drawings

(conceptual) (design & technical) (technical/engineering)

simulated
perspective

Diagram Diagram Oblique Isometric Multi view

(design plan) (technical) projection projection orthographic

Less technical More technical

 What is Technical Drawing?
• An International language for communicating and
transmitting ideas and information in graphic form.
“Universal language”.
• Target audience is typically the personnel who will
make and/or assemble the object or system.
• Conventions (drawing grammar) simplify
communication; your drawing is at risk if you defy.
• CAD packages make formal drawing easy…if you
follow the conventions.
• As a result, engineers must “speak the language”, in
a graphical sense, to communicate effectively with
others.
Artistic drawing vs. Technical drawing
Technical drawings can represent things…

as simple as a spoon,

or…

Technical Drawing of a spoon

Multi-view, Orthographic projection
• as complex as a space ship

Photograph of Mercury Spacecraft

Technical Drawing of Mercury Spacecraft, Top View, Orthographic

 Technical Drawing of Mercury Spacecraft, Isometric Projection

 Who needs Technical Drawing?
1. Aerospace Engineering
2. Agricultural Eng
3. Chemical Eng
4. Environmental Eng
5. Marine Eng
6. Mechanical and Manufacturing Eng
7. Electrical Eng
8. Architecture
…etc
 Standards and Conventions
• Conventions are commonly accepted practices,
rules or methods used in technical drawing
• Are set of rules that govern how technical
drawing are represented.
Organizations involved in developing the
standards for technical drawings:
• ANSI – American National Standards Institute
• ISO – International Standards Organization
• JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard), BS (UK), AS
(Australia), DIN (Germany).
 Drawing Scales
• Used to enlarge or reduce an object
• Objects which are too large to be drawn to full
scale are drawn to a reduced scale. e.g. buildings,
ships, airplanes..etc
• Small objects are drawn to an enlarged scale so
that their shape can be seen clearly
e.g. watch parts, electronic components..etc

Metric Scales: Unit of measurement for

mechanical drawings is - millimeter. For
architectural drawings- meter & millimeter
 Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word
“SCALE” followed by the indication of its ratio
as follow
SCALE 1:1 for full size
SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales
 Lettering
• There are two types of lettering that are commonly
used in engineering drawing
1. Vertical Style
2. Sloping Style
• Guidelines: You should:
1. Use construction/guide lines at all times as guides
2. Make all lettering dark so that it can be easily read
3. Use only one style of character, either vertical or
inclined, throughout a single drawing
4. Use upper case letters and lower case for
footnotes/code/symbol/abbreviation
5. Avoid underlining
Dimensioning
 Line Conventions
• Conventions are commonly accepted practices,
rules or methods used in technical drawing.
• The widths and construction of the lines you use
in making a drawing are important in interpreting
the drawing.
• Line configurations and the meanings assigned to
these configurations are known as line
conventions.
• Line conventions convey information as briefly as
a physical example of the object Itself. The
appropriate use of standard line conventions
enables fabricators to replicate objects based
solely on your drawing.
 Basic Line Types (part 1)
Visible Represents the Thick Draw the visible
object edges
(Object) Line outline
with these lines
Hidden Line Shows hidden Medium Draw hidden
edges with
details dashed
these
Construction Used during Fine Faint lines,
sometimes
Line drafting
coloured
Dimension Used to indicate Fine, Dimension &
8cm extension lines
Line a dimension with arrows
go together!
Extension Used with a Fine 8 cm

Line dimension line Near arrows

Center Shows center or Fine

(Axial) Line symmetry With dash in
middle
 Basic Line Types (part 2)
Ghost Line Shows possible Fine Sometimes in
other color
movement dashed

Cutting Position of a Thick Used only if you

plan to draw a
plane line cross-section With arrows
cross section
Hatched Surface of a Fine Show where it
is solid (section
Lines cross-section
view only!!)
Long Break Shows that a Fine Used only for
large objects
line is shortened With zig-zag
Short break Object shortened Medium
or cut away With curve
(cutaway)
Attaches a comment
Leader Line Points to Fine or angle or dimension
something With bent to an object.
arrow
Applications of Lines
Line Conventions
 Line Conventions
Viewing-plane line Dimension Line Center Line
Extension line
Hidden Line

Break Line

Cutting-plane Line

Visible Line

Center Line (of motion)

Leader

Phantom Line

Section Line

SECTION A-A VIEW B-B