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CONTEMPORARY ARTS
● Contemporary Art is influenced by
the economic, social, political, and
environmental context where the
artist is immersed in.
● Contemporary defined as
something “happening, existing,
living, or coming into being
during the same period of time”
GENRES
● Categories of artistic creation and
are characterized by similarities in
form, style, or subject matter.
ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY ART
Contemporary Arts have different
elements that are put together to come up
with a distinct artwork. These elements
include:
1. Appropriation, this relates to the
modifications made by the artist.
2. Hybridity, this refers in the use of
different art mediums that are put together
3. Technology, its application highlights
the creativity of the artist.
4. Performance, carried out for viewers to
experience.
5. Space, intricate use of space.
These elements are combined in different
ways to come up with Integrative Art.
Integrative Art
● employs the use of different art
elements used together in distinct
different expressions.
The distinct features of Contemporary
Philippine Art include:
1. Communal nature, as it reflects the
relationships build around the bonds of
community and society.
2. Intuitive, as Filipinos are immersed in
their consciousness of themselves, their
community and their culture.
3. Holistic, as individuals, groups of
people and events are perceived in their
entirety as well as the unitive use of art
materials and forms.
4. Creative process, as the artist puts
more emphasis on now their artwork was
made than on the artwork itself.
5. Integrative, as it encompasses
religious, moral, spiritual, social, and
environmental concerns.
6. Multi-focal, as it considers everything
and everyone, the wide perspective of the
artwork as well as both artist and viewer
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The following are the seven categories
under which National Artists can be
recognized:
1. Literature - poetry, fiction, essay,
playwriting, journalism and/or literary
criticism;
2. Film and Broadcasting / Broadcast
Arts - direction, writing, production design,
cinematography, editing, camera work,
and/or performance; and
3. Architecture, Design and Allied Arts
-architecture design, interior design,
industrial arts design, landscape
architecture and fashion design.
4. Music singing, composition, direction,
and/or performance;
5. Dance - choreography, direction and/or
performance;
6. Theater -direction, performance and/or
production design;
7. Visual Arts - painting, sculpture,
printmaking, photography, installation art,
mixed media works, illustration, graphic
arts, performance art and/or imaging;
ELEMENTS OF ART
1. Line
a. An element of art that is
used to define shape,
contours, and outlines, also
to suggest mass and
volume. It may be a
continuous mark made on a
surface with a pointed tool
or implied by the edges of
shapes and forms. Line
may come in two
characteristics: form -
curved, dotted, or broken
lines; and
direction-vertical,
horizontal, or diagonal
lines.
Different characteristics of lines may
convey different meanings:
a) Horizontal Line creates an
impression of serenity and perfect
stability.
b) Vertical Line creates an
impression of strength and perfect
stability.
c) Diagonal Line creates an
impression of action.
d) Curved Line creates an
impression of gradual change of
direction
e) Circular Line creates an
impression of abrupt change of
direction Moreover, lines can be
classified into different types:
a) Outlines are made by the edge
of an object or its silhouette.
b) Contour Lines describe the
shape of an object and the interior
detail.
c) Expressive Lines catch the
movement and gestures of an
active figure.
d) Sketch Lines capture the
appearance of an object or
impression of a place.
e) Calligraphic Lines are the
elegant handwriting or lettering
done by hand.
f) Implied Lines are lines that are
not actually drawn but created by a
group of objects seen from a
distance.
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2. Shape
● Shape is an area that is enclosed
by a line or lines. Shapes are two
dimensional figures with height and
width.
a) Geometric Shapes are circles,
squares, rectangles, triangles, and
other geometric shapes.
b) Organic Shapes are shapes
found in nature and are free
flowing, informal and irregular
(abstract shapes).
c) Positive Shapes are the solid
forms in a design.
d) Negative Shapes are the space
around the positive shape.
e) Static Shapes are shapes that
appears stable and resting.
f.) Dynamic Shapes are shapes
that appears moving and active.
3. Color
● Colors are the way we see light
reflected from a surface or
refracted through a prism. Colors
we see in nature are reflections of
light on the surfaces around us.
a) Primary colors are red, blue,
and yellow.
b) Secondary colors are the
resulting colors when the two of
the primary colors are mix.
c) Tertiary colors are the resulting
colors when two of the primary
and/or secondary colors are mix.
The tertiary colors are amber,
vermilion, magenta, violet, teal,
and chartreuse.
d) Analogous Colors are colors
that lie nest to each other based on
the color wheel. Example of
analogous colors are yellow,
orange, and red.
e) Complementary colors are
colors that are opposite to each
other based on the color wheel.
Examples of complementary colors
are red and green, blue and
orange, and purple and yellow.
f) Monochromatic Colors are
several values of one color.
g.) Warm colors are colors that
give the feeling of warmth. The
warm colors are yellow, amber,
orange, vermilion, red, and
magenta.
h) Cool colors are colors that give
the feeling of coolness. The cool
colors are purple, violet, blue, teal,
green, and chartreuse.
4. Space
● refers to distances or areas
around, between or within
components of a piece and refers
to the arrangement of objects on
the picture plane(two-dimensional).
● In visual arts, space may either be
positive space or negative space.
a.) Positive space refers to a part
which is enclosed in a shape.
Meanwhile,
b.) negative space refers to the
opposite part which the shape is
enclosing.
5. Texture
● the element that appeals to our
sense of feel on things- rough or
smooth, bumpy or slippery. It is the
character of the surface of an
artwork.
a) Real texture is the actual
texture of an object. Artist may
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create real texture in art to give it
visual interest or evoke a feeling.
b) Implied texture made a piece
of art to look like a certain texture.
Like a drawing of a tree trunk may
look rough but in fact it is just a
smooth piece of paper.
6. Value
● Value pertains to the lightness or
darkness of a color in a given
artwork. Value can be changed by
adding white or black to a color
and these described as tint and
shade.
a) Tint pertains to the lightness of
a color
b) Shade pertains to the darkness
of a color
7. Form
● the three-dimensionality of an
object. It has dimensions of height,
width, and length
PRINCIPLES OF ART
1. Rhythm
● This refers to the repetition
of certain elements to
produce a pattern.
2. Movement
● the illusion of motion in a
painting, sculpture, or
design.
3. Balance
● refers to the visual weight
in a picture. It refers to the
even distribution of
positions of elements in an
artwork. The principle of
balance can be
symmetrical or
asymmetrical.
a) Symmetrical balance
refers to an artwork
wherein its both sides has
the same elements in the
same position.
b) Asymmetrical balance
refers to an artwork
wherein it is balance
through the contrast or
differences of any of the
elements of art.
4. Proportion
● refers to the relationships of
the size of objects in a body
of work.
5. Contrast
● This principle shows
differences between
elements of art in an
artwork It shows how
stronger each element of
art in relation to one
another.
6. Variety
● This principle of art refers
to the diversity or the
different elements used in
an artwork to make it more
interesting.
7. Emphasis
● refers to the greater impact
or highlight given to a
certain element in an
artwork.
8. Harmony
● this principle of art refers to
the unity of an artwork. It is
about the arrangement of
the related elements that
makes an artwork to be
viewed as a whole
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“GENESIS”
● This artwork was made by the
National Artist Philippines in Visual
Arts Hernando Ocampo
LOOKING BACK AT PHILIPPINE
ART
● In Philippine art, as in its
culture, one notes the various
shades, lines and tones, and
even the contrasting characters
that have been absorbed and
blended into new forms that are
particularly Filipino (Santos,
2016).
a. Painting and Sculpture
● Artistic paintings were
introduced to the Filipinos in the
16th century when the
Spaniards arrived in the
Philippines.
● Due to the Church's supervision
of Filipino art and Spanish
occupation of the Philippines,
the purpose of most paintings
from the 16th-19th centuries
was to aid the Catholic Church
("Art of the Philippines," 2016).
● In the early 19th century,
wealthier, educated Filipinos
introduced more secular
Filipino art, causing art in the
Philippines to deviate from
religious motifs. The use of
watercolor paintings increased
and the subject matter of
paintings began to include
landscapes, Filipino inhabitants,
Philippine fashion, and
government officials. Portrait
paintings featured the painters
themselves, Filipino jewelry,
and native furniture. The subject
of landscape paintings featured
artists names painted ornately
as well as day-to-day scenes of
average Filipinos partaking in
their daily tasks. These
paintings were done on canvas,
wood, and a variety of metals
("Art of the Philippines," 2016).
LE NOVAL DE MANILA
● The first art school was
established by Damian
Domingo in 1820.
● In the 1800's Filipino painters
won recognition abroad, when
Mariano Madrinan won King
Alfonso XII's gold medal and
diploma of honor in the
Amsterdam International
Exposition of 1884 and Juan
Luna's Spoliarium was
awarded first prize at an art
competition in Madrid
(Santos, 2016),
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During World War II, some painters
focused their artwork on the effects
of war, including battle scenes,
destruction, and the suffering of the
Filipino people ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016).
● The University of the Philippines
and the University of Santo
Tomas, among others, have
done much in providing formal
education in fine arts. Europe
has exerted great influence in
Philippine arts, and one finds
the echoes of Western
traditions blended with the
Oriental character in many past
as well as contemporary works
(Santos, 2016)
● The newly-awakened interest in
Philippine religious painting and
sculpture which dates back to
the early years of Spanish
colonization has brought to light
new qualities and quantities of
art of that time.
● Fernando Zobel has come out
with a book on religious
sculpture in the Philippines
and Galo Ocampo edited a
book on the same subject
(Santos, 2016).
There are several museums and
permanent galleries located in Manila,
among them the National Museum,
the Luz Gallery, and Solidaridad
Gallery. The Art Association of the
Philippines is an active organization
and holds annual exhibits. Other well-
known groups are the Association of
Sculptors and Association of
Printmakers. (Santos, 2016)
b. Weaving
● Philippine weaving involves
many threads being measured,
cut and mounted on a wooden
platform. The threads are dyed
and weaved on a loom ("Art of
the Philippines," 2016).
● Before Spanish colonization,
native Filipinos weaved using
fibers from abaca, pineapple,
cotton, and bark cloth. Textiles,
clothes, rugs, and hats were
weaved.
● Baskets were also weaved and
used as vessels of transport
and storage, and for hunting.
These baskets were used to
transport grain, store food, and
catching fish, They also used
weaving to make just about all
of the clothing that was worn
("Art of the Philippines," 2016).
● They weaved rugs that they
used for quilts and bedding. The
quality of the quilt/bedding was
based on how soft, how tight
together, and the clean pattern.
● The patterns were usually thick
stripes with different colors and
with a nice pattern ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016). However,
during Spanish colonization,
Filipinos used a fabric called
nipis to weave white clothing.
These were weaved with
decorative, flower designs. ("Art
of the Philippines, 2016)
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C. Architecture
● The basic forms of architecture
in the Philippines before the
Spanish came was governed by
the building's functional uses as
shelter and by the materials
available. The builders had no
formal training in the basic
forms of design and yet were
able to create something valid
and functional, a style which
exists to this day. Both Ifugao
and Maranao architectures
illustrate this (Santos, 2016).
government buildings and
plazas remain as historical spot
and fine examples of
architecture (Santos, 2016).
● The Americans introduced
mainly a change in technology,
new designs achieved
● The Bahay Kubo, or nipa hut,
another architectural form
made of impermanent
materials, has a style that has
lasted through the years.
● In the 1500's the Spaniards
introduced masonry in the
Philippines, yet the nipa hut's
basic form of structure, the high
roof, and rectangular plan, were
retained (Santos, 2016).
● The Spaniards tried to plan the
city, and to this day, we have
landmarks that date back to the
Spanish, Churches, forts, and
some with new materials
(Santos, 2016).
d. Archeology
● Diggings in many parts of the
Philippines have yielded rich
artifacts.
● Battings has unearthed
enormous amounts of Philippine
and Asian pottery and
porcelain.
● The Calatagan excavations
alone represent a milestone
in the history of Philippine
archeology (Santos, 2016).
● Diggings in several other
places, primarily in Mindoro,
Bicol, Iloilo, Sta Ana. Manila
and in towns of Laguna have
focused attention on Oriental
ceramics and earthenware.
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
burial jars, along with golds
coins, jewelry, incense jarlets,
celadon bowls, and plates have
found their way to most private
homes and antique and curio
stores (Santos, 2016).
● Other parts of the country have
yielded as many treasures and
well-preserved artifacts, like iron
tools and household articles.
Some of the most outstanding
were those found in the caves
of Lipoon Point, also known as
Albion head, in Quezon,
Palawan. Dr. Robert Fox, the
senior archeologist of the
National Museum, discovered
a fossilized skull cap at the
Tabon Cave. Together with the
skull cap, other stone tools,
pottery and various artifacts
estimated to be between 15,000
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to 25,000 years old were
discovered. (Santos, 2016)
e. Pottery
● Native Filipinos created pottery
since 3500 years ago. They
used these ceramic jars to hold
the deceased ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016).
● Other pottery used to hold
remains of the deceased were
decorated with
anthropomorphic designs.
● These anthropomorphic
earthenware pots date back to 5
BC- 225 AD and had pot covers
shaped like human heads ("Art
of the Philippines, 2016).
● Traditional pot-making in certain
areas of the Philippines would
use clay found near the Sibalom
River. Molding the clay required
the use of wooden paddles and
the clay had to be kept away
from sunlight ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016).
● Filipino pottery had other uses
as well. During the Neolithic
period of the Philippines,
pottery was made for water
vessels, plates, cups, and for
many other uses. ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016)
● Ceramic vessels of Kalinga
are divided into three types:
rice cooking (ittoyom),
vegetable/meat cooking
(oppaya), and water storage
(immosso) pots.
● According to Skibo, the rice
cooking pots are usually larger,
thinner and have a smaller
opening than vegetable/meat
pots. On the other hand, water
storage pots have an average
and uniform size and a smaller
neck size ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016).
● The first step in the
manufacture of pots is the
acquisition of the starting
material, clay. The clay is then
pounded, added with enough
amount of water, to reach the
wanted flexibility, and placed on
a rotating plate. Using the
hand-modeling and
coil-and-scrape techniques, the
height, thickness and shape of
the pot are established. After
this, the rim is designed by
placing a wet rag on top of it
and then rotating it in the other
direction. Furthermore, scraping
of the walls can also be done if
the walls produced are too thick
("Art of the Philippines," 2016).
● The pot, after the modeling
stage, is then dried for a short
period of time before the base is
shaped. Also, after additional
heating small amounts of clay
are added inside and outside
the clay to maintain the
evenness of the surface. A
polishing step can also be done
through the use of a polishing
stone. In some cases, pots are
also painted with red hematite
paint for some stylized design.
("Art of the Philippines," 2016)
In Kalinga, ceramic vessels
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can be used for two
situations: daily life use and
ceremonial use. Daily life uses
include the making of rice from
the pots and the transfer of
water from nearby water bodies
to their homes ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016).
There are three major complexes in
Philippine Iron Age according to
Solheim, Kalanay, Novaliches and Bau
pottery complexes Kalanay pottery
complex pertains to Beyer's Early Iron
Age pottery of the Visayan Islands
found in Negros and Mindoro;
Novaliches pottery complex to Beyer's
Early Iron Age pottery from Rizal
province. Bau pottery, on the other
hand, does not fit into the two previous
complexes and could correspond
instead to the Late Iron Age pottery.
("Art of the Philippines," 2016)
f. Music
● Philippine tribal music
antedates the first Filipino
musicians trained in western
music, most probably in the
17th century.
● The 19th century produced
Marcelo Adonay, trained by
the Augustinian Order, and
composer of full orchestral
accompaniments to the
Grand Mass, Te Deum,
Benedictus, among others.
● Jose Estrella composed
stage music at the turn of the
century, and wrote several
operas and the first complete
symphony, aside from waltres
and musical plays (Santos,
2016).
● A type of contemporary
music that relates to the tribal
music with its stringed
instruments, and to Western
music as well, is the Rondalla,
a native string band which
again best typifies the
blending of many influences
that go into the cultivation of
an indigenous art form
(Santos, 2016).
Great Philippine Classics is a
collection of Philippine classical music
published by the National
Philharmonic Society of the
Philippines through the initiative of
its founder Redentor L. Romero.
● It is a collection of works of
great Filipino masters, such as
Bonifacio Abdon, Nicanor
Abelardo, Constancio de
Guzman, Felipe P. de Leon,
Antonio J. Molina, Hilarion
Rubio, Leopoldo Silos, Santiago
Suarez, Manuel Velez, and Ben
Zubiri. Of the 14 pieces, only
five, however, are original violin
works: Cavatina, Abelardo;
Kundiman, F. P de Leon;
Hating-gabi, Molina; and
Salamisim, Rubio. The rest
were written mainly for voice
and piano (Santos, 2016).
● This includes: Bayan Ko,
Cavatina, Habanera Filipina No.
2: Hating-gabi; Katakataka,
Kundiman (B. Abdon);
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Kundiman (F. P. de Leon); Lagi
Kitang Naaalala; Matud Nila;
Mutya ng Pasig, No Du Duarm
Pay, Sa Kabukiran, Salamisim;
and Sarung Bangui (Santos,
2016),
● Redentor L Romero's
conducting career is
unparalleled in Philippine
music history. He is the
country's first and only
international conductor whose
appearances span five
continents. He is also one of the
few Asian conductors hailed
worldwide by critics.
g. Literature and Theater
● Philippine literature includes the
legends of prehistory and the
colonial legacy of the
Philippines.
● Pre-Hispanic Philippine
literature were actually epics
passed on from generation to
generation originally through
oral tradition.
● However, wealthy families,
especially in Mindanao were
able to keep transcribed copies
of these epics as a family.
heirloom. One such epic was
the Darangen, epic of the
Maranaos of Lake Lanao. Most
of the epics were known during
the Spanish era. ("Philippine
Literature," 2016).
● A rich body of unwritten
literature existed in the
Philippines before the arrival of
the Spaniards. The first
printed book was the
Doctrina Cristiana (1593).
Other works written and printed
at the time were mostly religious
in nature. Francisco Balagtas
wrote Florante at Laura, a
metrical romance which
earned him the title of prince
of Philippine poets (Santos,
2016).
● On December 1, 1846, the
first daily newspaper, La
Esperanza, was published in
the country. Other early
newspapers were La Estrella
(1847), Diario de Manila (1848)
and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas
(1852). The first provincial
newspaper was El Eco de
Vigan (1884), which was issued
in Ilocos. In Cebu City, El
Boleactin de Cebu (The Bulletin
of Cebu) was published in 1890
("Philippine Literature," 2016).
● On 1863, the Spanish
government introduced a
system of free public
education that increased the
population's ability to read
Spanish and thereby furthered
the rise of an educated class
called the Ilustrado (meaning,
well-informed). Spanish
became the social language of
urban places and the true lingua
franca of the archipelago.
● Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who
wrote the novel Ninay and José
Rizal who wrote excellent
poetry and his two famous
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novels in Spanish: Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo
("Philippine Literature," 2016).
POETRY AND METRICAL ROMANCES
Tanaga
● Short poems consisting of four
lines with seven syllables each that
rhyme at the end of each line..
Ladino Poems-Were natives of first
Tagalog versifiers who saw print:
highly literate in both Spanish and
the vernacular.
Corridos
● Were widely read during the
Spanish period that filled the
populace's need for entertainment
as well as edifying reading matter
in their leisure moments.
Awit
● like corridos, these were also
widely read during the Spanish
period as entertaining, edifying,
reading manner in their leisure
time.
● The structure is rendered
dodecasyllabic quatrains.
DRAMAS
Moriones
● Refers to the helmets of
participants dressed as Roman
soldiers, their identities hidden
behind colorful, sometimes
grotesque, wooden masks. Found
only on the island of Marinduque, it
is down during Holy Week,
culminating in a Passion play that
adds the scene of Saint Longinus'
conversion and martyrdom
Panunuluyan
● the Tagalog version of the
Mexican Las Posadas, and
literally means "seeking
passage" Held during
Christmastime but especially on
Christmas Eve, it depicts Joseph
and Mary' search for a room at the
inn in Bethlehem. The actors
playing the Holy Couple chant their
pleas for lodging in slow, mournful
tones, while the innkeepers and
householders would drive them
away with haughty verses sang in
the dance-like meter.
Pangangaluwa
● A practice formerly widespread
during All Saints' Day which
literally means for the souls, it is
analogous to the English custom of
Souling.
Salubong
● A ritual performed in the early
morning of Easter Sunday a few
hours after the Easter Vigil and
before the Easter Mass,
dramatizing the meeting between
the resurrected Jesus and his
mother.
● The angel removes the black veil
to the sound of pealing bells and
firecrackers, ending the penance
and mourning of Lent.
Senakulo
● Essentially a Passion play, which
depicts the passion and death of
Jesus Christ It is customarily
performed during Holy Week, and
bears similarities to Mystery plays
popular in medieval Europe.
Santacruzan
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● Performed during the month of
May, which reenacts Saint
Helena's finding of the True
Cross and serves as an
expression of devotion to the
Virgin Mary. The young women of
a town, parish, or village dress in
formal gowns and bear attributes
related to religious themes, such
as titles of Mary, with the last (often
most beautiful) lady "Reyna Elena"
representing the empress, and
holding a crucifix, representing the
True Cross Its May observance is
due to the pre-1962 date for the
feast of Roodmas
Comedia
● It is about a courtly love between,
a prince and a princess of different
religions, and highlights concepts
of colonial attitudes to
Christian-Muslim relations.
Duplo
● A forerunner of the balagtasan.
The performances consist of two
teams; one composed of young
women called Dupleras or
Belyakas; and the other, of young
men, called Dupleros or Belyakos.
Karagatan
● comes from the legendary practice
of testing the mettle of young men
vying for a maiden's hand. The
maiden's ring would be dropped
into the sea and whoever retrieves
it would have the girl's hand in
marriage. ("Philippine Literature,"
2016).
h. Dance
● There are many different types of
Filipino dances varying in influence
and region. there is Banga,
Bendayan.
● Types of Filipino dance include
Cordillera, Muslim, tribal, rural, and
Spanish style dances ("Art of the
Philippines," 2016). Within the
cordillera dances,
Lumagen/Tachok, Manmanok
Ragragsakan, Salisid. Talip.
Tarektek and Uyaoy/Uyauy.
● The Banga dance illustrates the
grace and strength of women in
the Kalinga tribe. Women
performing the Banga balance
heavy pots on their heads while
dancing to the beat of wind
chimes. This mimics Kalinga
women collecting and transporting
water.
● Another dance, called Lumagen
or Tachok, is performed to
celebrate happy occasions.
When Lumagen is performed, it is
meant to symbolize flying birds and
is musically-paired to the beat of
gongs.
● Another cordillera dance, Salisid,
is the dance to show courtship.
In the Salisid dance, a male, and a
female performer represent a
rooster attempting to attract a hen
("Art of the Philippines" 2016).
● Tribal dances include Malakas at
Maganda, Kadal Blelah, Kastal
Talu, Binaylan Bagobo Rice Cycle,
and Dugso Malakas at Maganda is
a national folklore dance. It tells
the story of the origin of the Filipino
people on the islands. Another
dance called the Binaylam dance,
tells the story of a hen, the hen's
baby, and a hawk In this dance,
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the hawk is said to control a tribe's
well-being and is killed by hunters
after attempting to harm the hen's
baby ("Art of the Philippines,"
2016).
● Two examples of traditional
Filipino dances are Tinikling and
Binasuan and much more.
Filipinos have unique folk dances
like tinikling where assistants take
two long bamboo sticks rapidly and
in rhythm, clap sticks for dancers
to artistically and daringly try to
avoid getting their feet caught
between them.
● Also in the southern part of the
Philippines, there is another dance
called singkil using long bamboo
poles found in tinkling; however,
it is primarily a dance showing
off lavish Muslim royalty. In this
dance, there are four bamboo
sticks arranged in a tic-tac-toe
pattern in which the dancers
exploit every position of these
clashing sticks. Dancers can be
found trying to avoid all 4 bamboo
sticks all together in the middle.
They can also try to dance an
entire rotation around the middle
avoiding all sticks, Usually, these
stick dances performed in
teamwork fashion, not solo. The
Singkil dance is identifiable with
the use of umbrellas and silk
clothing. ("Art of the Philippines."
2016)
LOOK AT ART: DARANGEN EPIC
● The Darangen is an ancient epic
song that encompasses a wealth
of knowledge about the Maranao
people who live in the Lake
Lanao region of Mindanao.
● In addition to offering compelling
narrative content, the epic explores
the underlying themes of life and
death, courtship. politics, love and
aesthetics through symbol,
metaphor, irony, and satire
HOW TO CRITIQUE ARTWORKS
An art critique is an evaluation of a work
of art.
1. Describe what you see
● This is the objective portion of the
art critique. It involves a technical
description- nothing more. It should
include things like:
a. Artist's name.
b. The title of work.
c. Type of artwork.
d. The subject of the painting
(scene).
e. Objects in the painting.
f. First impression.
Note the characteristics of the artwork that
first jump out at you.
g. Colors used.
h. Shapes, lines, and texture.
i. Light saturation.
j. Sensory qualities. Identify the
predominant mood and visual
effect.
2. Analyze the artwork
● Evolve the art criticism from a
technical description to an in-depth
examination of how the technical
elements were utilized by the artist
to create the overall impression
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conveyed by the artwork. Technical
elements you need to analyze
when you critique artwork include:
a. Color
b. Shapes, forms, and lines
c Texture
d. Light and shadow
e. How each technical element
contributes to the mood, meaning,
and aesthetic sensation of the
artwork
3. Interpret the artwork
● This part of an art critique is more
subjective than the others, as you
are expected to use your analysis
of the technical aspects of the
piece of art to apply your own
supposition to the artist's intended
purpose for the artwork. Try to
accomplish the following things
when formulating your
interpretation:
a. Communicate the artist's
statement. Describe what you think
the artist is trying to say through
the work of art.
b. Expound on the feeling
conveyed by the artwork. Describe
what the artwork means to you,
and why.
c. Explain what you feel is the
artist's intended purpose for
creating that particular work of art.
Examine why the artist made the
choices in technique,nmaterials,
and subject matter and how they
relate to the intended purpose.
d. Identify symbols in the artwork
and describe how they relate to the
artist's technical choices and
contribute to the artist's execution
of the intend purpose.
4. Evaluate the artwork
● This is a summation of the art
criticism process leading up to this
point. Use your analysis and
interpretation to draw conclusions
and reach judgments about the
artwork.
a. State what you think the
artwork's value is. For example, its
value may be to evoke nostalgia,
to incite anger or to impart beauty.
Explain why you feel this way.
b. Describe the artwork's relevance
to the art community and to people
as a whole.
c. Explain where you feel the
artwork has a strong value and
where you think it falls short.
5. Use art vocabulary in your art
critique
● Remember, there are no incorrect
descriptions when you critique
artwork. Your goal is not to say
whether or not the art is good, but
rather to impart as best you can
the visceral response the artwork
incites
EMBLEM
● The award logo is a representation
of the human form used in
traditional cloth. Below the logo is
the phrase "Manlilikha ng Bayan"
written in Baybayin, an ancient
Filipino script used in the
Philippines in the 16th century.
PROCESS
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The Panel. The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng

Bayan is administered by a committee,
which is assisted by an ad hoc panel of
experts. The ad hoc panel of reviewers is
composed of five members of the Gawad
sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Committee and
four individuals identified by the
Committee among scholars, practitioners,
and experts in the traditional art.

The Nominations. Nominations can come

from the members of the ad hoc panel of
experts, the sub-commissions on cultural
communities and traditional arts,
government and private institutions,
universities, and other persons
knowledgeable of any of the categories:
folk architecture, maritime transport,
weaving, carving, performing arts,
literature, graphic and plastic arts,
ornament, textile and fiber art, pottery and
other artistic expressions of traditional
culture.

The Screening. The ad hoc search

committee is deployed to various priority
areas in the country to conduct searches
and document the candidates' art/ craft.

GOOD LUCK!
-XINE <3