POST LAB DISCUSSION

Test for Carbohydrates

1. Molish Test
 General test for carbohydrates
 Reaction with H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)
 POSITIVE RESULT= purple ring
2. Anthron Test
 Used for the detection & quantification of carbohydrates in blood serum, milk & its
variation
 POSTIVE RESULT= blue-green color

Reducing Sugars

 Sugars that contain aldehyde groups that can be oxidized to carboxylic acids
 Ketoses can also be reducing sugars
 Any sugars that contain a hemi-acetal

Test for Reducing Sugars

1. Moore’s Test
 Reaction with NaOH
 POSITIVE RESULT= yellow/orange/brown color & caramel odor
2. Fehling’s Test
 More sensitive than Benedict’s Test
 POSITIVE RESULT= brick-red precipitate
3. Tollen’s Test- reagent contains Ag+ ions in the form of Ag(NH 3)2+
 POSITIVE RESULT= silver mirror
4. Nylander’s Test
 When reducing sugar is present, there is brown to black coloration
 POSTIVE RESULT= black precipitate
5. Phenyl hydrazine Test
 Reducing sugars form osazone crystals when heated
 POSTIVE RESULT= yellow to pale orange osazones
o Monosaccharides: give crystals on heating
o Disaccharides: give crystals when cooling

Test for Reducing Monosaccharides (Special test)

1. Barfoed Test
o Used to distinguish reducing monosaccharide from reducing disaccharides
o Copper acetate is reduced to copper (I) oxide
o POSTIVE RESULT= red color
2. Bial Orcinol Test
 Test for pentoses
 Pentoses form a five-member ring called furfural
  POSITIVE RESULT= blue-green solution
3. Mucic Acid Test
 Test for the presence of galactose- used HNO 3
 POSTIVE RESULT= white crystals
4. Seliwanoff Test
 Test for ketones
 POSTIVE RESULT= cherry red color
5. Iodine Test
 Used to detect presence of starch
 It would test positive even in small amount of starch
 POSTIVE RESULT= blue-black solution

Test for Carbohydrates Experiment

A. Molish Test- test for carbohydrates

 POSITVE RESULT: purple ring

Glucose POSITIVE
Sucrose POSITIVE
Xylose POSITIVE
starch POSITIVE

B. Fehling’s Test- test for reducing sugars

 POSTIVE RESULT: brick-red precipitate

Glucose POSITIVE
Sucrose NEGATIVE
Xylose POSTIVE
starch NEGATIVE
 Xylose, glucose = monosaccharides (reducing sugars)
C. Tollen’s Test- test for reducing sugars
 POSTIVE RESULT: silver mirror

Glucose POSITIVE
Sucrose NEGATIVE
Xylose POSTIVE
starch NEGATIVE
 Xylose, Glucose= monosaccharides (reducing sugars)
D. Benedict’s Test- test for reducing sugars
 POSITIVE RESULT: red orange precipitate

Glucose POSITIVE
Sucrose NEGATIVE
Xylose POSTIVE
Starch NEGATIVE
E. Iodine Test- test for complex carbohydrates
 POSITIVE RESULT: blue black color (starch)
 Amylose, Dextrine
o Starch: blue-black color
o Glycogen: reddish brown color
F. Bial’s Orcinol Test- test for pentoses
 POSTIVE RESULT: blue green solution

Glucose NEGATIVE
Sucrose NEGATIVE
Xylose POSITIVE

G. Seliwanoff’s Test- test for ketoses

 POSTIVE RESULT: cherry red solution
o Ketoses: more rapidly dehydrated than aldoses
o Reacts slightly if the test is prolonged

Fructose POSITIVE
Sucrose POSTIVE
Starch NEGATIVE
Glucose NEGATIVE