Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc. 1128
Email Address: cte.pb@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: https://batstate-u.edu.ph/

College of Teacher Education – Undergraduate Programs

MIRANO, LEA D. BSED MATH - 3201

ABSTRACT ALGEBRA: MED 324

CHAPTER IV ACTIVITIES

1. Find all generators of Z6 , Z8 and Z20 .

Z20 , gcd (20 , k )=1 if and only if k =¿ 1,3,7,9,11,13,17,19. They are generators of Z20 .

2. List the elements of the subgroups ⟨ 3 ⟩ and ⟨ 7 ⟩ in U (20).

3 =9 ,3 =7 mod 20 , 3 =1mod 20 ⟹ ⟨ 3 ⟩ ={ 1, 3 , 7 , 9 }
2 3 4

−1
3 ∙7=21=1mod 20 ⟹ 7=3

⟨ 7 ⟩ =⟨ 3−1 ⟩ =⟨ 3 ⟩ ={ 1, 3 , 7 , 9 }

3. List the elements of the subgroups ⟨ 3 ⟩ and ⟨ 5 ⟩ in Z18 . Let a be a group element of order 18.
List the elements of the subgroups ⟨ a3 ⟩ and ⟨ a15 ⟩ .

⟨ 3 ⟩ ={ n ∙3 ∈ Z 18|n ∈ Z }= {0 , 3 , 6 , 9 ,12 , 15 }

⟨ 15 ⟩ =⟨−3 ⟩= { n∙ 3 ∈ Z 18|n∈ Z } ={ n ∙ 3∈ Z 18|n ∈ Z }= ⟨ 3 ⟩ ={ 0 , 3 ,6 , 9 ,12 , 15 }

⟨ a3 ⟩=¿
⟨ a15 ⟩ = ⟨ a−3 ⟩ =⟨ a3 ⟩ = {e , a3 , a6 , a9 , a12 ,a 15 }

4. Find an example of a non-cyclic group, all of whose proper sub - groups are cyclic.

Consider U (8)={ 1, 3 , 5 ,7 } under the multiplication modulo 8.

⟨ 1 ⟩=1

⟨ 3 ⟩ ={ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ... }
¿ { 1 ,3 }

⟨ 5 ⟩ ={ 50 ,5 1 , 52 ,5 3 ... }

¿ { 1 ,5 }

⟨ 7 ⟩ ={ 70 , 71 ,7 2 , 73 ... }
¿ { 1 ,7 }
 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Pablo Borbon Campus
Rizal Avenue Ext., Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 980-0385; 980-0387; 980-0392 to 94; 425-7158 to 62 loc. 1128
Email Address: cte.pb@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: https://batstate-u.edu.ph/

College of Teacher Education – Undergraduate Programs

Therefore, there is no a ∈ U (8) such that ⟨ a ⟩ =U (8).

Hence, the group U (8) is not cyclic.

The proper sub - groups of U (8) are { 1 } , {1 , 3 } , {1 , 5 } , { 1, 7 }.

Clearly all the proper sub - groups with the order 1 and 2.

Since every group of prime order is cyclic.

So, the groups { 1 } , {1 , 3 } , {1 , 5 } , { 1, 7 } are cyclic.