EFFECTS OF AGE ON THE DETECTION OF EMOTION 1

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Chapter 1
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Introduction
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Background of the Study

Frequently, people encounter situations in theirspace

- Double environment in which
(all throughout theitpages)
is
- INDENT ALWAYS the first sentence of the
impossible space to all available stimuli. Itparagraph
to attend
- Double is therefore of great importance for one’s
(all throughout the Left justified
Background
pages)processes to select only the most salient
attentional contains
information in the
the following:
environment to which
- INDENT Presentation of the problem (introduce the
ALWAYS thePrevious
first problem)
one should attend. research has suggested that emotional information is privy to
sentence of the Rationale
paragraph Purpose of the study
attentional selection in young adults (e.g., & Justification
Tapia, 2004;ofNummenmaa,
the study Hyona, & Calvo,
Left justified
Significance of the study
2006), an obvious service to evolutionary drives to approach
Personal reasons rewarding situations and to
Note: No need to put a subtitle to the content of
avoid threat and danger (Davis & Whalen, 2001; Dolan & Vuilleumier, 2003; Lang,
the background)

Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1997; LeDoux, 1995). For example, Ohman, Flykt, and Esteves

(2001) presented participants with 3 × 3 visual arrays with images representing four
Proper citation
categories (snakes, spiders, flowers, mushrooms). In half the(if the source/reference
arrays, all nine imagesis were
not
included in the sentence the
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from the same category, whereas in the remaining half of thereference is written
arrays, eight BEFORE
images were
(if the source/reference is included the end of the sentence) if in
in the sentence the year is in the parenthesis
from one category and one image was from a different category (e.g., eight flowers and one
parenthesis

snake). Participants were asked to indicate whether the matrix included a discrepant

stimulus. Results indicated that fear-relevant images were more quickly detected than fear-

irrelevant items, and larger search facilitation effects were observed for participants who

were fearful of the stimuli. A similar pattern of results has been observed when examining

the attention-grabbing nature of negative facial expressions, with threatening faces

(including those not attended to) identified more quickly than positive or neutral faces

(Eastwood, Smilek,& Merikle, 2001; Hansen & Hansen, 1988).

The enhanced detection of emotional information

is……………………………………..