Lesson 7: Stoichiometry

What is Stoichiometry?
Stoichiometry deals with the relationship between the amount of reactants consumed and the
amount of products formed expressed in moles.
Example
1. How many grams of HCl ( FW=36 g/mole ) will be required to completely neutralize 4.0 grams of
NaOH ( FW=40g/mole )?
Solution :
HCl + NaOH -------- H2O + NaCl
?g 4.0 g
4.0 g NaOH x 1 mole NaOH / 40g NaOH x 36 g HCl / 1 mole HCl x 1 moleHCl / 1 mole
NaOH
Mass of HCl = 3.6 grams HCl
2. When 1.06 grams of Na2CO3 (FW=106g/mole) reacts with 3.65 grams of HCl (FW=36 g/mole),how
much H2CO3 (FW=62 g/mole) in grams will be formed? Which reactant is the limiting reactant?
Solution:
2 HCl + Na2CO3 -------- H2CO3 + 2NaCl
3.65 g 1.06 g ?g
Mole of H2CO3 = 3.65 g HCl x 1 mole HCl / 36 g HCl x 1 mole H2CO3/2 mole HCl
= 0.0506 mole H2CO3
Mole H2CO3 = 1.06g Na2CO3 x 1 mole Na2CO3/106g Na2CO3 x 1 mole H2CO3 / 1
mole Na2CO3 = 0.01 mole H2CO3
Limiting Reactant = Na2CO3
Grams H2CO3 = 0.01 mole H2CO3 x 62 g H2CO3 / 1 mole H2CO3 = 0.62 g H2CO3

Weight-Weight Calculations
Example :
1.Calculate the weight of oxygen needed to burn 20.0 g of methane.What weight of carbon dioxide and
water are formed?
Solution:
 Let x=wt of oxygen needed y = wt of CO2 formed z = wt of water formed Mol wt. of the ff:
CH4 = 16 g/mole O2 = 32 g/mole CO2 = 44 g/mole H2O = 18g/mole Balanced Equation :
CH4 + 2O2 -------- CO2 + 2H2O
20 g x y z
16 g/mole 2(32 g/mole) 44 g 2 (18 g/mole)
Solve for the weight of oxygen needed (x) 20g / 16g/mole = x / 64 g/mole
X = 20g (64) / 16 X = 80 grams O2
Weight of CO2 formed (y) 20 g / 16g = y / 44 g Y = 20g (44) / 16 g
Y = 55 g CO2
Weight of H2O formed ( z ) 20 g / 16 g = z / 36 g Z = 20 g (36 g) /16 g
Z = 45 g H2O

WEIGHT – VOLUME Calculations

At S.C. : P = 760 mm Hg ; T = 273 K
Example:
1.How many grams of zinc must react with sulfuric acid to produce 1000ml of hydrogen gas at S.T.P. ?
Solution:
Let X = weight of zinc needed to react with sulfuric acid
Mol.wt. of zinc = 65 g/mole
Balanced Equation: Zn + H2SO4 -------- ZnSO4 + H2
X 1000ml
Solved for Zn :
X / 65 g/mole = 1 L / 22.4 L mole ( one mole of a gas occupies 22.4 liters at standard
conditions )
X = 65 g / 22.4 X = 2.9 g of zinc