Professional Documents
Culture Documents
So sánh 125 nhóm từ đồng nghĩa, gần nghĩa PDF
So sánh 125 nhóm từ đồng nghĩa, gần nghĩa PDF
TIENGHOA
Trong .qua trlnh d~y va hQc tiSng Hoa, nhfmg c~p tit gfuJ nghia,
dbng pghia da g&y nen nhi@u kh6 khan va nhfim Ifin, ngay ca giao vien
cling vfit va tim ~ach giai thich, giang d~y cho hQc sinh, con hQc sinh
thi lung rung khong biSt sir d\ffig thS nao cho chinh xac. Di~n hlnh nhu
c~p- tU /F va ~ trong ti~ng Vi~t deu c6 nghla la "khong", nhung trong
ti~ng Hoa:
- Khi su dv~g trong thi qua khtr thi dung Y)t, vi dl):
- Khi su dvng trong thi hi~n t~i va tuong lai phai dung /F' vi dv:
Hi~n nay, Uli 1i~u tham khao vS linh vgc nay tuang d6i khan hi~m.
Do d6, chung toi bien so~n cu6n sach So sanh 125 nhom tir ofing
nghia, gftn nghia thtrimg gJp trong ti~ng Hoa, v6i mong mu6n cung
cfip va lam phong phu them tti sach tham khao cho hQC sinh_trong qua
trinh hQC va cho ca giao Vien trong qua-trinh SO~ll giao an, gifulg_d~y.
.
Quakhao sat cac giao.trinh (nhtr: *JJ~&m 9:t~&i-ft . . m~ ..
3011:i]~i! . . &i!l=li-ft:i!.JJX)·dang giang d~y.a cac truang D~i hQC va
trung tam ngo~i ngfr, cung v6i kinh nghi~m dt'ing I6p, chung toi da
chQn Iva ra 125 nh6m tir gdn nghia, d6~g nghia thu<mg g~p nhfit, kh6
hiSu nhfit va d~ gay ng9 nh~n nhAt trong qua trlnh h~c tiSng Hoa dS
bien so~ nen cu6n sach nay. .'
. .
Vm I6i trinh bay ro rang,"-ininh hQa Cl) thB, d6i chi~u so sanh di~m
gi6ng va khac nhau, neu b~t "each dung cua cac c~p tir gfuJ va_ d6ng
3
nghia, nh~m giup hQc sinh d~ hieu han va sir dvng dling nghia va dung
ngfr canh, nang cao trinh d9 ti~ng Hoa trong thm gian ngfuJ nhftt. Giao
vien ciing c6 th~ tham khao khi giang d~y; su d\lllg bai t~p trong gh1o
trinh cho hQc sinh luy~n t~p them.
Trong qua trinh bien so~ cu6n sach nay, m~c du da c6 gfuig d~ d~t
d~n dQ chinh xac nhftt, nhung ch&c ch&n vfut khong tninh kh6i nhi€u
thi~u s6t. Rftt mong dugc d9c gia g6p y d~ cu6n sach nay duqc hoan
thi~n bon.
II
I
I
I
4
DANH MVC NHOM TU
A
[001] ~ ai- .gxj( xlhuan .................................................................................... 11
[002] *~ anjing- ~tit pingjing- tJ=z~ ningjing .......................................... 12
[003] 1~ an- ~ z~ao .............. :....................................................................... _. ... 14
[004] ~~ anzhao- i&fl~ yizhao ....................................................................... 15
[005] fl{fl$ an'an- ·tf:i'tf:iqiaoqiao- fHirflitrtout5u .........................._................... 17
B
[006] .fff bang- m~tt bangmang- tg.§JJ bangzhu ............................................ 18
[907] 3!:1JJ: baogui- ~::!Y.t zhengui .... ,...... .-......................................................_.....20
[008] 1E!~ baoqian·- mtx daoqian ...-..... :........... ~ ................................................21
[009] *~ bei- ~4 jiao- iJ: rang ........................................................................ 22
(010] **benhii -_ 1**
yt.Ianlai ......................................................................... 24
(011] bt_~ bijiao- bt hi- ~jiao .... .-.................... :.......................................... _26
(012] !.i6'5E biding- !.16'~
bifari- -~):£ yiding ......................... ~ ... .-.................... :28
(013] !.16,@! bixii- !.16,1/fi bixii- !16,~ biyao ........................................................ 30
(014] §Jtl hie- §JtlB{J biede- 31ling- ~;rr lingwai. ......................................32
[015] #bing-- :ft.J3. bingqie ........................................................................·....... 34
[016] :IF bu- ¥!it (~ff) mei (meiyou) .......................... .-................................... 36
.[017] :IF&::, bubi- ~ffl buyong ........................................................................... 38
[018] /Fill. budan- ~-& bujln- ~.R bilzhi.................................................... 39
[019] :IF~~~ budebu- ,R~~ zhlde- ,Rp,:f zhi'hao ...........................................40
[020] :IF .m~~ bujiand~- :~F-J:E bu yiding .................................... .-...... ~ .............42
(021] :IF~ bilran- -N.!i!U rouze ............................................ ~ .................. ~ ....·........44
[022] /Fm~~ buy6ude- ~~ bujin ..................._. ..._.~·.-·_........................................45
[023] :IF:(£ :P. bilzaihii- 7GJi.JT~ ~suowei. ......................................................... 46
c
[024] lfm b;t.,.
s :;.r. cengJtng-
' •- JMI
r=~
'
ceng- Bk;t...
a ytjtng
v•-
..................................................
,
..48
[025] ~~~ chabuduo-~~JL chadHinr- JL.:P. jihii ........... :~-:·······················50
(026] 1it- chang- 'lit 1ft changchang- tttt wangwang- ~£1ft jingchang .... :52
[027J ..fJ.J chao- mJ xiang- tt wang ................................... ,............................. 54
[028] ~~ chuchu- $tl~ daochu ............................................ ,.......................... 56
[029]. ;,A~ c6ngbu -f.A* c6ngwei ........................ :........................... ~ .................. 51
[030] hA ffij c6ngqian- ~ $ ylqian ......................................................................58
5
D
[0311 ~~ datU- [ill~ huida ............................................................................. 60
[032] **- daban-· :*:1$ Cj(~) ·dadou(daduo)- ~*- duoban .................. 61
[033] :X:ft!i <Iagai- :ktf.J dayue ........................................................................... 62
[034] @ dan-'_ ffi~ danshi- 1lJ ~ keshl- ;r;M buguo ............................... 64
[035] .¥§~ dangzh0ng- ~I=J:t qizhong ................ ~ .............................................. 66
[036] ~U~ daodi- $~ bijing- ~~jiujing- ~-=f zhongy(l ................... 67
[037] Er.J de- ~de- ±tk de ..................... :........................................................ 70
[038] ~WO dique- iJfJ~ queshi .......................................................................... 74
[039] ·11 dong- 1M liaojie - .. ~ 8 mfngbai- ~itt zhidao ........................ 75
[040] X1 dui.- X'f-=f duiy(l- ~-=f guany(l .......................................... ~ ............. 78
[041] ~& duoshao- JL ji ....................................... ~~~ ......................................... ·so
E
[042] rm £L erqie - Jf:£l bingqie ......................................................................... 81
[043] =er- ~ liang ......................................................................................... 82
F
[044j ~~ !ada- ~Ji; Iazhan ............................................................................ 84
[045j .&rro tan'er- ffi& xiangian....................................................................... 85
[046] :iS tan- @I hui ....................................................... :................................... 86
[047j 1% fEiJ fangjian- .l%r fangzi - 1% &. fangwii- Jj, -T wiizi ................... 88
[048] 1Ji1;b tangfU- 'PJ-'fl haoxiang- 1~~ sihii .............................................. 89
[049] ~!::1ft :teichang- ~~hen- !if ting- +itshiren- *&ji .................... 91
G.
[050J t:E~ ganjin -- ·M~ gankuai ........................._............................................. 94
[051] fjijtl ·< ~tlfjijtJ) gang (ganggang)- fjijtl.:;?J- gangcai ........................................... 95
[052] m gen- *' he - .& ji - l:fi yii ............................................................... 96
H
[053] :ia5 hai- .Pf zai- X you .......................................................................... 99
[054] :ia5~ haishl - huozhe ...................................................................... 1o1
~~
[055] jJJ- (~) ~~ bao (bu) r6ngyi -. ~~/~"'~~hen bu r6ngyi ..................... 102
[056] $t.?& hiiran- ~~ tiiran- ~?& mengran ............................................ 103
6
J
[057] ~·ttjimang- J!·tt 1i~nrruing- ~·tt congmang .................................. l05
[058] ~·ttjfmang- Jt·tt 1ianrruing- M·tt gatun.ang .................................... 107
[059] ~Jt ji - &.JtM jiran....................................................................................... 108
[060] ~* jHing1ai- **
weilai. ...................................................................... 110
[061] ijl: jiang- i3l ~huo- ~ tan .................................................................... 111
[062] . ~ 1f jmguan- ~p ~ jishi- EilM swan................................................ 112
[063] ~ ·- 1'1- ..:-:r..:c!.Jlngguo-
r:h Jmg
..:-:r..JJ.J ~:A·~ ·- ' .!t!i ':'f tongguo
Jt!l:c!. - ' ......................................... . 114
[064] ~ jing- -!l fik 1aoshi - .~.. zong- .~, -Ji:. zongshi .......................·.......... 116
j065] Jt jing -. J!=;M jingnin- =1'*-4 buliao- RSM jiinin ............................. 118
[066] ~i.Jl jushuo -· llffi.Jl tingshuo .................................................................... 120
_[067] t}c;E jueding -. tic~~, juexin .............. :.......... :............................................ 121
·K
[068] 7f~ft kaishl- ~~)] qlchii- JIW zuichii- ~:fJJ dangchii .................. 123
[069] ~ kAn- ~ .!Jl!, kAnjian ........................................ ~ ...................................... 124
[070] ~* kAnhii -···· · ~®*lean qilai
;§"~ -=f kan yangzi- ~ J:: ~ kAnshangqu ..........................................,.... 126
[071] # kAo- 1t ping ..................................................................................... 127
L
[072] @J~ 1',
tuman
133 ~1!1· . ' - ....~:J..&- ., • '
u ;g, Jtman .
....................................................................... . 130
[073] mt1~ liuchuan- mr:qr
liUx.ing- 1~tl chuanbo ......... :............................ 131
~""-
[074] JJ~ 1T 1xuxtng-
' ~~ 1x
JJ~v" '
uyou- J.\!.1 yo'ul"
·~'1/J
1/Jj an .............................................. 132
M
[075] .!bJ: mashang- Jl:~tllike- i{Wifl'.t dilnshi ............................................... l33
[076] ~~ maimai- ~~ shengyl- WJ.~ maoyi- jt~ jiiioyi.:~ ............... l35
[077] ~~ manyi- r,JijJE!. manzu ........................................................................ l37.
[078] t'it~~ meiguanxi- ~1t~ meishenme- t'it$ JL meishir ................. 138
[079] ~ mei- :g. ge .......................................................................................... 139
[080] ~I'JB meili- ~J~ piaoliang- tf.f~ haok:a.n ........... .-....... ~ ....................... 141
[081] ~f.fl miande- ~-~' shengde ............................ ~ ..... ~ .......... .": .................... 142
N
[082] }J~ na- Jj~~ name ............... ~ .............................................. ~ ..................... l43
[083] xl't!: nanguai- 'l:?i!:li'~' guaibude ............................................................. l45
7
[084] Xiii minguo- Xi~ nanshou ............ ·············~····· ................................... 146
[085] Xi~ minmian- .If'~ bUmian .................................................................. 147
[086] xt79 nanwei- 75Jxt weinan .................................................................... 149
[087] i¥~cnianji-1f:~nianling- ~JJ(sUishu- 51 sui ................·........... 150
0
[088] {M$ ou'er- {~~ ouran........................................................................... 152
p
[089] ~tapa- ~~ta kongpa ................................................................................ 153
[090] {;pian- {;{; pianpian ... :............................................................ ~·········· 155 -
Q
[091] ~~ qishi- ~~_t shijishang..................... .'.......................................... 156
[092] ~tttlf qiahao- ~tf:J-r:s qiaqiao- iE:tlf. zhenghao ...................................... 157
[093] T- 7i qianwan- 7i7i wanwan -. - jE yiding........ :.~ .................... ~ ....... 159
[094] ~~ qinshen- ~§ qi'nzi ......................................... ~··························· .. 161
/ [095] ~tm quanbu- Jiffff suoyou.- -m
yiqie ............................................ 162
R
[096] 1A.79 renwei- ~751 yiwei ........................................................................ 163
[097] 1Jj reng- 171?& n!ngran- *~ yinin- .kf5;)! haishi ........................... 165
[098] 1JJIE rengjiu- -f&IEJ yijiu ......................................................................... 167
s
[099J ffiffl shaoshao- ffi~ shaowei- mshao ............................................. 168
[100] 1Pl. si- 1l xiang ..................u······································································ 169
[ 101] ff n~ shiifu - *3:§: s~iishl ......................................................................... 171
-m
[1 02] !§. sui- !a~ suiran- !§. suishuo -, §Jtl~ biekan .......................... 172
[103] ~sui- Mlf suizhe- j~ gen ................................. .-.............................. 173
T
[1 04] *f§Jtl tebie- *3=±& tedi -. !f.l:• reyi ........................................................ 176
[105] ~ teng- ~tong ..................................................................................... 178
[106] ~1¥ t6ngyang- -~ yiban- -*¥ yiyang ............:............................ 179
8
w
[107] 73 wei- 7'91 weile .................................................................................. 182
(108] x~ C/F~) wtilim(bulim)- /F1§fbuguan ........................................... 183
[109] 7Gi~ wtilun- 7Gi~3zoM willunrtihe- /F~ buguan .............................. 184
X
[110] .g.;:<_x xihuan-· .g~ xi'ai .......................................................................... 185
(111] ~ JG' xixin -. . ff~ zixi - 1j" JG' xiaoxin................................................... 187
t112] ?'GJ§ xianhou-· l}tr.J§ qianhou ................................................................... 188
t 113] *
rPJ xianghli - ~ rPJ yixiang - . - H yizhi - J-A* c6nglai ................ ~ 90
~B+.;M '' . ' ~.;e+
1
y
[116] ~J§ yihou- zJ§ zhThou- ~* yflai- J§· hou- J§* houlai ...... 195
[ 117] IZil lit yinei - ~lffif yin' er - IZil 73 yinwei.- E8 .:p. y6uy6 ...................... 198
[118] W:ff yongyou- ·;ff you ............................................................................ 199
[119] -=f;J! y(Ishi- ?JT~. suoyi ................................. :......................................... 201
z
[120] fi}-=. zaisiin- -{I} yizai.......................................................................... 202
[121] ~~ zenme- ~~*¥ zenmeyang -. ~*¥ zenyang ............................... 203
[122] ~$ zhiduo- :1:~ zuiduo ....................................................................... 206
[123] ~& zhishao- :1:~ zuishao ............................... .-......................... ~ .......... 207
[124] ~-T zhongy(l -··JIJ§ Zuihou ................................................................ ~ ... 208
[125] iiJl! zuijin- ili* jinlai ........................................................................... 209
9
.I
I, ·-·--····· r··· ·-·-·····-· ·-~-J~!!!Jr-~·-~~ :;::...!.~-~~~~--·-··T--··---· r.:.. "" .......1
~ [B()ng tir, danh tir]
B()ng tir
(1) Yeu, thich. Bi€u tbi c6 ca1;11 tlnh v&i nguOi nao d6, ho~c v~t nao d6, ho~c
thich m()t hanh d()ng, ho~t d()ng nao d6, phai c6 tan ngfr. (Tan ngft c6 th€ la
d()ng tir, tinh tir, datih tlr, d~i tir, b6 ngfr)
11!?..1tz~11!?.,~~-fo
~1Jl~~f.:Ptit_ -to
,J, .I.. it f.: f- 'to
11!?.,~~-tf.:-f-f~4ro.
(2) Yeu. Bi€u thi tinh cam namnii, phia sau c6 ~~ mang bB ngl:r:l: . . ~ . . ii.
1j' _!..f.:_t 7 jffl ;m o
11!?.. v:A ~f.:lt -+~ r-9 j(f;.j~o
(3) Thuang hay.· BiSu thi m()t hanh d()ng, m()t sv vi~c hay thay d6i.
)iif r9·~~~·~""f~.~~rm·o
jt~jt., JJ}] ~ 1f1~%~k:lto
Danh tir: Tinh yeu, tinh thuang. Bi€u thi c6 tlnh cam sau d~m v6i m()t nguOi,
m()t vi~c ho~c S\1' v~t nao d6.
-klb~~ 7 ~~fl% ~0
-~ [B()ng tir]
( 1) Thich. Bi€u thj c6 tinh cam v6i m()t nguoo, m()t v~t, ho~c c6. hUn.g thu vm S\1'
vi~c nao d6.
jt~tz.-.~ ~ lJ9 ~ji:t- ~rp 0
~-1-Jk ~ iJil, ~it-~:~T J;}t o
;m jffj ~tl.J.YkJi..J}\{t 0
11
- N Bu tan ngfr la nhiing danh tir mang tinh - K.hong dUng duqc v6i nhfrng tan
trang nghiem, dang kinh, nhu ;fll ~ , A. P\, thl ngfr danh tir mang tinh trang
chi dung !t, khong dimg *"X... nghiemnay.
~f.:~Al!l '\ f:A. ~ o ~-~- JX ~ tr.J ~11. J!1 ;,fP A. I\ o ( S)
~f.:~ tr..7 ~11. 1!1 ~p A. I\ o
Luy~n tip I
ChQn ~, j: x.X diBn vao cha trfing:
1. ~ ~~j(" Pl§~-*llriJT~-*o
2. ;J"*t& 1ma<J~.:r:~-r~, 1m1n~mq~t&$mi 0
4. .
~- [Tinh tlt]
Yen tinh, ·tinh l~ng, tram tinh. DiSn ta khong c6 tiBng An, moi trubng yen t;nh va .
tr~ng thai ben ngoai cila con nguOi di~m tinh, tinh each it n6i, trAm l~ng. "**"
lam ~inh tlt, cAn c6 ph6 tlr trlnh dQ ~l,l, 41!, .:ff ~ v.v ... , ho~c bd ngfr trlnh d¢ ~
. 7' ~l~tl v.v ....
1t+m4S~tt ~tt4-tt 0
1!./r'- ~ Ft*ft;tA. To
~~~ [Tinh tir]
Yen tam, yen l~ng. DiSn ta tam tr~ng con ngum binh l~ng; moi tnt<mg, hoan
canh yen I~g, khong chut khuAy d¢ng.
~t i'J ;L -=rem*
1t, ~-f-ft r *r o
12
Tflt [Tinh tir]
- Binh l{ing, tinh l{ing. Nhftn ~nh tam tr(;lng con ngum va moi truang xung
quanh rftt yen ~ng, tinh l~ng, khong h~ c6 chut khufty d(>ng. Mired(> yen ~ng,
tinh l~ng bon so v6i -tit' va 'Tit thucrng dung trong van vi€t.
~~_tl:_:k_jj' ~~~~ft, Jt-1'-1tl~{J}~fr.J-k!£o
Fa 7'G R« M~ ~it tr.J ~JJ Til o
**
.ilY: J:. tr.J JXL ~~
1 o (S)
r *
fto
~ 1-Jh' ~,;:_;,Jt
~ ~~ ,;:_; .:f.1tt~~ft o (S) -f-it~ 10
Luy~n~tip ·I
ChQn ~ft, .If~, tJ=r~ di~n vao ch6 trfing:
1. f#J~~!l!ttMA~&$, 1.S~~~~ o
2. ~fu$~ll!1*JEN~ti~-1' Ef{J;J\wfX~mo
3. 1tf!$~~J§~~Jtl: · ~ Bro
4. tiJE9~¥~Ef<J~TiiL~<~: ~Oito
s. ~~fi¥J~~Jti~JJU o
6. ~~~ r*J§'
~yijj7.J~~~£~1ft~o
1. ~.~ 7, P~P$B"l~m~1~ 7 0
AA-~#~A, ~-tl::-#tr.J*a*o
Ph6 tir: Theo. Bieu tbi din Clr theo tieu chuftn rna lam theo, ho~c din cu theo ban
gfic rna lam.theo,-dung tru6c d()ng tir.
.J_ ,.:.. -l ' ' ~ .;;.;1- A1Z .IJ rg - ;e.
A ~1~~ I=J v.r ,'H\'17' --J ,.;;:_.Jt.!:!!.o
~ [D()ng tir, gi6i tir] .Jm [D()ng tir, danh tir, gi6i tir, ph6 tir]
- Dau c6 y nghia din c~ theo, chieu theo (gi6i tir).
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - Khi la gi6i tir, con c6 nghia hu6ng theo,
di theo, tu6ng duong v6i .fJJ ;J- , faJ~.
- Thuemg dung trong van viet, chi - Thuoog dung trong khAu ngfr, v€ y nghia
nhiing vi~c mang tinh chinh thuc, y bieu tbi ciing khong cAn chinh xac, khong
nghia bieu thi ciing cAn nghiem me, cAn co din cu, my ti~n han, nen phia sau ,q«
c6 can cu, muc d() chinh xac cao hon. khfing dUng chung v6i nhiing cl)lll tir bieu
14
~i!J£1-Jl, ~B- i~~i!l!-14-:f: thi thOi gian, ngay th{mg, th<ri h~n, v. v...
Jt /G fit 1t9: lr.J 0 .!!«~~' ~1n-!--tt~-~ T1t ~ o
~~*~*tit, 1t e.., ~ ;r: ~~ ~ j;o aJJ R. tr.J ut ~ 1!« st ~ 1t o (S)
;iti~ 1 0
. - Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ lam danh tir, pb6 tir.
Luy~n t'p
ChQn ~, !ffi_ di€n vao. chfi tr6ng:
1. Et!-~" 71<~1!. fj 3tB"J 0
6. ~"t;JJ~ ·l**EI"Jit1GIJJ!1ro ·
7. 1$ 13:-ctrltf:ffj)C, ~J§W cmmri=iJ~~JJ!To
8. ~~~ a']-pZ~nJ3·:t~~Mo
9. ~J!~~p' 1~---JE~ ~a']-EI"J1fJ~~~~o
10. ~Pl:~ rm5t£B"J, ·1fl\r~$~~/1'1r 0
~M~-*"~' ~~--~-~~lr.J~o
~-AA~~~~~'~T~+~~,~~~~~-T~/G~o
.Jt«
i!" ;.A£. J 1Jt; ~ JrJJ! Jf :li._ T o *-
~Jm [Gi6i tir, d()ng tir]
Gi6i tir: D11a vao, nha vao, can cu theo. Dung m()t v~t ho~c vi~c nao d6, lam
mAu d€ theo d6 rna lam
15
.·.··:
~ ~#ll!« 1* it*;t<.JJ!l fr.J.*-f--=t 1tt -11-0
1*#l1!« ~ilL fr.J iJ ~-i-1tt' ifi ~t ~ 0
ho~c la yeu cAu, phuong phap, v. v... hi~n hanh, van ban, thong bao cila ccr quan.
.til!«~*£~ it' ~J:l jftl!_;.k_ $Jj #(.,Ef«ik#~Jt,. ,J,~k5l4}-ft1f'
*~~~&.~, "ffl ~f tl J!)£ 0 *~~}to
- Cau c6 y sai khiSn, cAu khiSn, - Khong c6 each dimg nay.
thuOn.g phai dung ~ R{{, chu khong
d'ung #{a«
...•.
1* .f} 1!« ~ilL ft-J-!: 1~ 0
..
- Thu<mg dung trong khAu ngii. - ThuOn.g dilng trong van viSt. Nhftn ~nh
din cu theo do rna chAp hanh.
Luy~n tfp
ChQn ~~' {&Jm di6n vao chfi tr6ng:
1. i3:17}Jt14~ ~~Jl~~>1<-*t:&~ 0
7. ~l¥j~{~~' ~9~~J!JiliJ:.Wo
8. 0~t&~M~~ IE*~iflt&~~o
9. 1$ jjtl $ fllJ 7 , ff.Jt ±~ t¥J /J\-*1$: m 0
16
t. ,. . . . .~· . . .,.. , ~- .J~.~-~! . ~'~ .. ~~~ -~-~--~. ---~-~. .9!~.~.9~~-~-=-~.!.~. !~~~.~~-. ~~. - . '"" •" . .. ..1
~~ [Ph6 ttr]
Am thdm. Bi€u thi lam vi~c gi d6, hanh d9ng m9t each l~ng le, am th~m, khong
cong khai, khong rftm rQ.
~HtBir113t~~, -:~-**M-~X.i%o
;t J~ }itl A- ~ ~ Iil ~, ~ 1i .Jf- 31 tr.J :kt 1ft Bi J~ iiL ~m 1 o
I J' _£ tE. JJ}] :!i.. {f.; .If- iti. ·tM ·tM JL J~ it : " ~ ~ 1~ 0 "
1$ ml [Ph6 tlr] ·t~ 't~ [Ph6 tlr] ftu {litr [Ph6 tlr].
- D~u c6 y l~ng le, am th~m, len len, khong .d€ nguoi khac bi~t. Nhung xet vS y
ngbia va di€m ~n c6 S\f khac nhau. Khi fffi-lli... ·tj!j ·I~... 1f,J11'ii) lam tr~ng ngfr trong
cau, c6 thS k€t hgp ho~c khong k~t hgp v&i ~~, n€u khong dimg ~lt, phia sau
thu(mg la tlr hai am ti€t.
- Nhftn ~nh vS n9i tam, - Nhfin ~nh ve tieng - Nh!n ~nh sv ten lut,
tr~ng .thai n{>i tam. d9ng, khong. gay ti€ng fin. sq hi- nguaLta phat hi~n.
~Ht$C~)~~~ #MM•~~o Doi khi c6 cam giac tQi
*"' ~ 7:; l!.ik ~{f.; ~i~
A~ ~r<. -1ff o
lai, vi dang:lam di~u x!u.
1~ 1f11p1.j ri~ =t S( -EF'
1it-Ht- (J~) i~ J!}j ~ 0
- Chi c6 thS dung tnr&c - Ngoai dfrng tru&c d9ng ~ Chi c6 th€ dwg tru&c
d9ngtir,(~tm+£>9ngtir) trr (•till·li!l+ D9ng nr), ·m d9ng
.
ttr,' (1ffil1t+ B9ng
·tj!j con c6 th€ dung tru&c tlr)
danh ttr, t~o thanh C\lm m
·t~ ·I~ i&- (tam S\f rieng cua
hai nguai, chuy~n thAm
kin, v.v.~.).
- Khong mang JL. - C6 th€ mang JL: ·t~ ·I~ JL I 11'ii)1ff.) JL.
17
Luy~n tip
Ch<;>n aiai . . ·~·ffi], ftu{1itr di~n vao ch6 trfing:
1. ~ ~~-=r:Ht~ T, PJ!JW!J :l:fu~__t~r 0
6. !lt*~~~,~JAJ§OO :Ctl!~tt~B<JH~Ht o
7. ~ 1
r1R: G'-}E~~l::k~o
s. ~~1n ~7---t:km~751~9rti£k~)t~B 0
18
Danh tir: S~r giup tla.
1il!,---t- A-1±. ~ t if, fB !:fr , -ftz% -* ~ 1n fr-1 ~ JJJ
* * {0-
0
t/f [D()ng tu, luQ11g tlr] WJ·tt [D()ng ru] WI f1JJ [D()ng tlr, danh ill]
- D~u mangy giup do, nhung c6 slj khac nhau.
- Thuemg la nhfrng hanh . : Hanh d()ng giup d5' - NhAn ~nh S\1' giup sue, ph\1
d()ng giilp do C\1 th~. d6 c6 th~ la C\1 th~, giup, c6 th€. la giup dua ra y
1;i n~ ~ ~ :t ~ r cilhg c6 th~ la trim kiSn, ho~c each giai quySt. D6i
,.qt :f=olb? tuQllg. D6i tuqng c~n trrQ11g c~n giup do, gifd quy~t
giup do la ngucri. : c6 th~ la ngucri, cfing c6 th~ la
-_ko *-:iff I!J.~fi, ~ S\1' vi~c.
-~~~~~0 ~m~x~~~~ ~~
fiJ Jh 0
- ~ la tir don .am ti~t, nen - La d()ng ttr li hgp, - Theo sau ~ JJ.h c6 th~ dung
trong. cau c~u k.hi8n phai trong cau c~u khisn r. i:t, nhung khong dung ~. ·
dung l~p l~i ( ~ ~) , thrrang l~p l~i theo :Wi-iE~~jiJj;J·~-WG;f<..JJ!t
ho~c - r . -4?- JL d€ to d~ng ~ ~ •ti::, c6 thB ~ o (S)
y ljch SlJ. mang theo lrrQ1lg tlr.
-i!-1~~ ~0 cs) 1;t n~ /F n~ ~ ~
-it1~~~-T o ·· --t-•ti:?
$:J'YJ1~~~1-I!!.o
- Theo ~au ~ c6 th~ c6
7 .. ~~ i:t.
~,~·1±. *P ·it·.~ A
*-JJJlo
.! I ~~ . ;- • .
Luy~n t~p
ffi ·tt.. WI f1}j
Ch<;>n ffi... di€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. 1tPA& 1m ~fJG 1fJ 8"J o
tJG1nm*~1m2
2.
3.
4.
Iffim 1$
0Jm![:f.j~
1m u4 -$fij tB fll
0
*
!J\Jtlt&1'£JjG~o
0
6. ~YffJ5fOJlJt&~ j!JG{~~ a
19
7. 1ths<J$1$-;E~ I¥J 0
9. 1fJ\ Tft-~:k o
- C6 th~ dung chi nhfrng S\f v~t, db v~t - Thubng dung chi nhilng st,r v~t, db v~t
....
q~y gia mang tinh trlru tugng nhu
~,·· .. ~-,~-,~~' -'- Z:...
!l. q~y gia .mang tinh C\l th~ nhu #J 4h, *1~,
...-u . .
T~Q b~Q
.!1-l. .Iff ,
ptr ,
: .
~;ftf'' i!JL. Con v~t C\l tha,. chi kSt con mang tinh trim tuQ'llg thi thu(mg dung
hgp v&i 1f#, ~L4h rna thai.
o .,m. ,
~~ Ptr ,
. . .:. . .
·~
v?l tinh b~n, tinh hfru nghi nhu ii... a' ii... ~tt
~li~M
~ ~w.,.
~~~~
~ :..r?J
• I
2. ~i~·mr~Jt~atraJ~p~ , -Tn3Jtl¥~~0
20.
3. Ail I¥J~~1:.1TP o
4. ~~m~m~7 ~~~,A~*~~~~~o
s. X'tfJt*iR' t~:iH~iti I¥J o
6. 11B1]~ ll:h I¥J t£ ~ ffl ~ill~ ::f $U o
7. J!~~~*~fJtEf{J~1tf fL!fo/.Jo
s. 11BM~lEllEA~:I: :Ef{J*i~EtJM'M o
9. jj~ll:btJj(¥JJ 1~tlto
10. jj~:Lfs: 113 i=SJ!!\t:l: s<J!i!t~ 0
'···••<>·-·--···--·-·-_!·~~-~--~~~~~~9.ti.~.=-i!!. ~-~~-9!i'_~·-···-·-··-··----·-··---·J
1@!fX [Tinh tir]
Co !Ji. Chi tam tr~ng c6 16i, cam giac ay nay. Cling c6 the dung de xin 16i ngum
khac.
;f~At'<.~Jfk,. .at k /f. iL ij" JJ~ ~ -k.? it 1t o
~~t(JtiJL: "J\-5tf/G~-! "o
iiJX [DQng tir] .
- Xin !6i, nhf7n !6i. La tir ly hgp, c6 th€ tach ra, d€ xin 16i, nh~n _16i v6i nguoi
khac.
i!_;k_ .itA~/ffi 1 , ~ (t;J 1~il.fk. o
~i~1t, ~'il1t~fk?
~-~!~ilt(1to (S)
~ ~ !~ {t;J ~itt( 0
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - La tlr ly hgp, nen giua c6 the chen them nhung thanh
ph~nkhac.
~~~~~-1~~fk1~ ~~~~~
p~o
21
Luy~n t~p
s. iW~~f\tB<J o
6. fffijg15t:ffflatiU~~iUt~- - - o
7. ~~~~:ffJJul¥J7J¥!1lJ~~~- - -~?
8. , X11f.J\:&JJf~ 7 o
9. *~~' ~1fJ@~~~11B1fJI¥J- - - 0
ttJlit 5l~1~-jf-J~ 7 0
(3) Trong cau bt d(>ng, d(>ng_tic a vi ngii thuemg phai c6 tr~ng ngil', hfi ngii, trg
d(>ng tir ( d(>ng tir nang nguy~n) va trq tir 7 ' .ii :
j( ~~ .ffi 7f 7 o (bfi ngfr)
fl
m{f .$~-ft*-7· 0 (bfingfr)
~,J, EJt1~«r~ 17~,
PJf fA~-l-:5tK~~ o (S)
~,J, at1~•r~p~ 11i.it, ?.1fv.A~-l-:5tk~~ o
22
P4 [Gi&i ru, d()ng t:U]
f)()ng tlr:
(1) Keu, Ia, hu. Chi ·am thanh ho~c ti~ng d()ng kha 16n do nguOi ho(lc v~t phat
ra.
1~ h 1t ~ 1!. ~ *-fir Jt p~ ?
~G- _1:_ a~ 5\ ~ P~ T :=.. fo T , -Ali ·t:k: 7f 7 !
(2) Keu, g9i. Doi khi 1Ilflng y sai bao.
1~~~ 1 ]' £ p~ Jtj 1J,;~1: *-0
1~ ~ p~ ~-!- ' '1~ ;r:: ~ .£ #;-:!;- fr-J 0
4\~~~~$~*~~~' ~~~G~~~o
iJ:~ ~A~ ~#.7j<.J&1JiJ!o
(2) Nhuirng, trimh Z6i, trimh ra.
~~~_1:_, ~~A~~~~~~~*Ao·
itk ~il:-il:., :4-"ffit*- 7 0
*~ ll4 il:
[Gi6i tir] [Gi&i tir, d()ng tir] . JGi&i tir, d()ng tir]
- .Khi lc\ gi&i tlr, d€u mang nghia hi d()ng, djch la bj, auqc, d~u dirng sau cac ph6 tU
n6i cbung.
- Thuemg dung trong van vi~t, mang - Thucrng dimg trong khAu ngfr.
tinh trang nghiem, chinh thuc.
23
- Trong diu bi d()ng, c6 thS dftn ra - Trong diu bi d9ng, b~t bu9c phai cffin ra
chu thS th11c hi~n hanh vi do hay chu thS thvc hi~n hanh vi d6.
khong deu dugc. ~ ~~~ I il: ~tit 7 o (S)
~~~~To ~~~iJ:~~~~7-~o
4'- R., ~-*=t"~rti4~tit 1 0
- Tf\l'c ti~p d{mg tru6c d9ng tir (~+ - it khi trv"c ti~p d{mg - Khong thS 1f\l'c
D()ng tir)
To
~ ~ J:. tl:: 1 .$ *5 , A.. tru6c d()ng tir ( "~ +
4L DQng tir)
~~J:_t:l:: 7.$
tiSp
d()ng tir.
dllng
~~J:.tJ::J.$
tru6c ·
Luy~n t'p
ChQn ~, P4, ili di€n vao ch6. trc3ng:
1. JS:#-~U~*Wl:f:E~_t~ "~nJ, ~nJ" B<JmEil_ "~",
tf! " ~Q 7 "0
2. ifi~_~-1'YriJ1W~U~OifBJ~1~-"F3::ilmtlf-n!?I?
3. ilG 8{]&iit /1' M-, Jijf ~~ill Ef<J iJ51tt 1ft_·_·r:ft 00 Jlft& ~~ 0
.I
4. ~8{]§1r$_A1i1E7 0
5. JJ~llliiEJ;&Bll_~~A 7 o
6. ~wa<JH11~, ~-~*X~tJ7-r 0
7. :te=1':1fl51!$~~~UB, {~lflfm~-~~B<Jo
8. ~flrJ3-*&~lffJJ4., ~ey~---*~111\o
9. · "Fffi7, ;&B!i_¥#1~ 7 o
10. P!bY.Ib_~-~U~tJi{jjjt~:ruf!trEI!-it o
**
-
[Tfnh tir, ph6 tir]
Tinh tir: Vein Ia, vein co
~~#f~*~·~~~*~' ~~~0
Ph6 tir:
( 1) vein le, vein di. Chi S\f v~t ho~c S\f vi~c van eli' ban ddu Ia nhu v~y, thu<mg
dung kern v6i lbt.
~~*;rt~M, #J 7 -Jh ~1! o
(2) Dang le ra, dang /y ra. S11 vi~c duc;rc cho Ia dang le ra phai nhu v~y.
~~~W~~~' ~*~~g~~~~o l
24•
M* [Tinh tlr, ph6 tlr]
Tinh tlr: V6n di, van. Bieu thi y khong h€ thay d6i. f>(rng tru6c danh ru b~t bu()c
phai c6 ft-J , (,~ *-
+ ft-J + danh tir) .
~~~*4*~~~~~~, ~*~T~~~k~~~~~
!$ ilQ ?i if.;.
4
0
Ph6 tir:
( 1) Truac tidy v6n di. Chi S\f vi~c vao thCri gian tru&c Ia nhu v~y, nhung hi~n
. gia da c6 sv,thay d6i r6i. Thu0ng mangy so_sanh gifra hi~n t~i va tru&c day.
4*-~~~~~-~' ~~$~~To
(2) Thi ra. Bieu1 thj y ng~c nhien, do tru&c day khong bi€t, hi~n nay chgt nh~n
ra, bieu ra, ng() ra, v. v...
~VA-~fti'fi, 4*-Jt1;tP~.!
**
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - Bieu thi y khong thay d6i, tir d6 d€n
~1n r 1--~ JlJJJ£~ ft-J»~ '*- gicr vfin nhu v~y.
-ts ~]b? (S)
~lb?
A 1n r !!F JlJJ J£ ~ JN.. * tr.J »~ '*- f1
- Khong c6 each dimg nay~ - Bi€u th! y tnt&c day khong h~ hay bi€t,
**-~!£.~ 1 ''tk~1:fJ!.JLf;.._)_t bay gicr bfing chgt bi€t ra, ng9 ra, nh~n
~ .i1J-it o (S) ra, v.v...
~*-ftl!,!£.~ 1' 'tk~1~i!.JL~
)_t~-Jlj.f~o
25
Luy~n t~p
ChQn ~*'
1. ~~~~
**
di€n vao chfi trBng:
El"JtJ~#i'YOO o
2. ~~79/%fEJll[~_AP~, kE~1$:tEo
3. 1tB ~~t*Ao
4. ~' ~>J&m~~~1!f~~~El"J$)Lo
5. ~ffi 1¥J~-*n4mJ~ Ao *ffi~1mi¥J~~ o
6. 1mi¥JfF~~11N:~, Wt:f~~mo
7. tJ~*ft~J:f~ 1¥1' ~*~ilf18 I¥J 0
~~~~~~~«-T, ~m~~~~-~~ffi7o
1£1PJ ~ Itt ;tr ~t.fl' t ;If g JJtJ 0
Gim tir: So vai. D~n ra dBi tugng cAn so sanh. Thu<mg dung trong van vi~t.
~-~-~~' ~~fr.J*~~~~To
It [D()ng tlr, gi6i tir]
- D()ng tir: .
( 1) So sanh. C6 the c6 tan ngfr, c6 th~ trung di~p, c6 the ·mang 1 . . it. Hinh
thuc phu dinh Ia. ~ ~t,.
P~1j1ij ~~_:_T' *~~X.~~ ~fi$1!: 0
1~S!i.~~~~t~, ifi*-~~~o
~ ~ ~t 1~' 1~ ;If lf ~ }J}j ii' ~5t i%11- ~1£: !}j ~f ~~4~ ·t}t 0
26
(2) Vi, vi nhu. Thu9'ng kSt hgp v&i 1~, dung trong cau chfr ~~' d€ vi von ngm)'i
hay v~t nay gi6ng nguai hay v~t nao d6.
~X. ii X ~ ~ 4~-Ml-Jc~ ~t.1tt1t JL, -Jt-;f=f t: ,~ o
(3) Ti s8, ti 1?. Thuang dung trong k~t qua thi dAu ho~c di~n ta con s6 ti ~~~
~~~¢~~, ~~~~~-&r~mo
~ 1---~* ~:' Jt v.A- ~t- -t fr.J ~t 171]1~x fr-J 0 ( 1 : 1000)
Gi&i m: So, so. vai. Du;ng d€ so s{mh sv khac bi~t giua hai v~t, hai ngum ho~c
hai vi~c.
1~~t~~o
1~ ir-J' ~X. if; 0 ii ~t ~ -ff 0
* Dung cau so sanh chu ~t cAn chu y trong c~u khong c6 ph6 mtrinh d9 ~fk.,
±, ~~~' v.v ...
1~ ~t. ~ .t. ~rp o (S)
1~~t~~rp 0
~ [Ph6 tlr, gi6i tlr] ·
Ph6 tir: Tuang adi, hai, kha. Cach dung ttrang dti-ong v&i J::t.$X., theo sau 4~
thuang la .tfnh tir don am ti~t. Chi dilng trong van viSt, hAu nhrr kh.6ll.g dling
trong khdu ngtr.
~tf~~-f~;ftJ-, JJ~tf~~o
Gi&i tir: So ra. Cach dung tuang duang J::t, theo sau thrrang di v6i '7g . Chi
dung trong van viSt. .
~~~~~~~~~*M#~~~~o
~t
[Ph6 tir, d9ng tlr, gi&i tir] [Ph6 tir, Gi6i tir] [D9ngtir, Gi6i tir]
- D€u c6 nghia tuang adi, khd, hai. D€u khong dilng trong - · So ra, so v6i, so
hlnh tht'rc phil djnh. sanh. C6 th€ dung
~1t{<.JJ~~ I Jt.ft1t1J:o trong cau phil dinh.
i!.1t;RJJ~~ I ~t~/G1t1L o (S) . l! #- JJ~ ~t JJ~ *-
1tJ=-1t1J:o
- Khi mang nghia tuong - Khi mang nghia· ttrong d6i; - Khi mang nghia so
d6i, kha, v. v... phia sau kha, v. v ... , phia sau tt thuang sailh, phia tru6c J::t
~::t tt thuang Ia tinh tir Ia tinh tir don am ti€t, ho~c ngfr thuang la danh ru,
ho~c ..~Qng tu ( J::t 4~ + d9ng tir. ( ~+ Tinh tir don am cvm danh tir (Danh
D9ng tir/ Tinh tir) tiSt). Chi dung trong van vi St. tir + J::t)
~ ;It 1--- ~t .tt ~~ ~tt ~ t3J ~ 1J~JL~lzio 1:1:1 ~11. -$- ~t /,t} ~
a9 =t- ~rr o j~Jf- 't~o
27
Luy~n t~p
7. /J\± 1m5$5t3:k~~ 0
L.• ···-r--zJ~;t'Te~.!~~~l!~~;=.;!Erw::&nwm·=J
~ )E [Ph6 tir]
j
Ph6 tir: Ch&c chiin, chiic hlin. Bieu thi.s\f phan doan, suy doan ho~c bi~u thi y
chi quySt tam NhAn ~ y chi chu quan cua minh. Khong dung trong hinh
thuc phil dinh.
*;t9ijl~J! 1*~ J:_ 7 :k~,t:~~il~~o (sl;lphiindmin, suydoiin)
a}j J!:.. iL ~*' 1* .(f.~~ fl o ~ ~, ~ ,t: ~-!- o (y chi quyBt tam)
1~~~ ~~-!-JJ~JLo (S)
1~~~~~-!-JJ~JLo (S)
~~ [Ph6 tir, tinh tir, danh tir]
Ph6 tit: Chiic chiin se, tdt nhien. NhAn ~nh m9t phan doan nao d6 ch~c ch~n se
xayra.
~lA.A-~ >J, ~f&~~J:.o
Tinh tir: Ch&c ch&n, t&t nhien. Bi~u thj S\f viec se phat tri~n theo ·quy l~t nhu
v~y, dftn dSn kSt qua nhu v~y. Dt'rng tnr&c danh tir, c6 th~ c6 tr.J ho~c khong,
nhung khi d(rng titr&c C\lm danh tir thl phai c6 €1-J.
~~~~-*-~~~~~~~~(~)*~0
~~~~~~~~~, A~~±~*~~~-~o~~~~
~~~$-/i*o
Danh tir: Diiu tdt nhien. NhAn·.~nh quy ll4t tAt yeu se la nhu v~y.
*
;f;j-:f 4h 1~ if I E1 4h :JtJJj :J!. :Ji..Jl ~ ,t: f& o
28
-~ [Ph6 tir, tinh tir]
Ph6 ttr:
(1) Nh&t djnh, ch&c ch&n. BiSu thi sv kien quy6t, quy6t tam. Khi chu ngfr la
ngoi thu hai hay ba, thi biSu thi long mong mu6n, hy VQng ho~c yeu c~u
nguOi ta lam theo y cua minh.
~ -~ ua ~A-~" ~.£..
;:)'~ ~ ~ :.:r A I.A. "h:r o ·
a}l f-_1~-~**-o
(2) At h&n, ch&c Ia. Bi€u thi sv suy doan.
: 1~*-Ji)~ ~ 3-lk, fJ~1~-~.xt5tif ~ ~tz~,~ 1 0
Tinh tir:
(1) Nh&t djnh. ·
*~~ ~~* §1 G-~ft-J~±~-m~JJ!.o
(2) Kha, tuang a6i.
~ ft.; ~X. i% t,; ~ ;t- ~ fr.J 7]<. -t 0
* Hinh thuc phli'dinh CUa -Jt la ~-it (mangy khong chic chin) va
- ;t ~ .J;;-1- ;t tJIJ (mang y khuyen ngan, dung lam):
~~-}tfJ~-i-o
··-···-·--·-·· ............... ·······-·- --------·
. ··-· ..
.
a}l J?-...1~-}t~*l&!'] o
-)E
[Ph6 ru, tinh ru, danh ru] [Ph6 tir, tinh tir]
- f>Su mang nghia ch&c ch&n.
~~~~h, ~~/-}t/~~~~*0
- Nhftn tn?nh sv phan doan - Nh~n ~nh quy lu~t - Nhftn ~nh sv suy doan,
m<)t each chu quan cua khach quan, du mu6n suy l~n chu quan, chu
mlnh, va k~t qua dtl.ng nhu qu khong cling se phat trQng bieu hi~n .quy~t tam
phan doan, suy doan. Dung trien nhu v~y. Dung cua minh. Pung trong khftu
trong van vi~t. trong van vi~t.
1~
Jt~~AJLo
* JL * *- J6 ,;a Jt ep ~-R i% z.Jt JlJ m
~ii, i!.Jt.~~{f-J o
* ngii' nhiau han.
~ 1n - ~
3J o
* jf fJ ?If
- Khi bieu d~t y chi quy~t - Vi 'iC t~ biSu ~t y quy - .C6 the dung chu ngfr la
tam, chu ngfr khong the la l~t kbach quan, nen chu ngoi thu hai hay ba, d@
ngoi thu hai hay ngoi thu ba. ngfr khong the la ngoi bi€u d~t y d~n do, yeu diu.
1~ ~ }t *-i- ~~ ly,- thu nhftt hay thu hai. 1~- }t *1±. a}] JZ /\..
11~ l'Jl ,:-;1- ~ :*' b l- .. ~b ~
~0 (~) .d::
IJ ~~ ..l.C I IFJ I~' ;:)'~ ,'?., Z iPJ ..iG n~ o
1~ ~ ~ *-!- ~~ if, - ..'l... l*. A .tv, -er ~
~ ,.... i\ ifJ:.'rOJ /'
(S) 0
~0 b
11~ l'Jl ,:-;1- ~:*'
I IFJ I~'
IJ .;t:.!~ ..l.C
~
~-'<.
-}t~tl~~o
29
Luy~n t~p
•
[013] ~'~ bixu-
••• • • • . w,. • ... •••••. • __ ,. . •. ' :· .,_, • ..
!16,1/f bixu-
: . . • .. • • .• . .• • . . . , . \ ,.. .
!16,~ biyao
• • ,.·. •• • .... • •• • • ~. • •• •• . • • .... ~ ... ''""" f ~ .•,..
~1~~_l!1t:f, -k~!)B~Jt-~~fJ 0
~~M~~M#~~,-~~~~~~~~-0
Hinh tht'rc phil djnh cua ~-~:W la: ~ ~, 7G ~.Vl, ~ ~.Vl.
~E,!~;}tJt 7, 1~~!)k ~iJLo
!IX'm [fJ(>ng tir]
. can, can phai. Mang tinh bit bu(>c phai c6,'.khong thB thieu. Khi lam v'i ngii,
khong thB mang tan ngfr phia sau. Con khi lam dinh ngir, giira ~ 1; va trung
tam ngfr phai c6 ft!J.
l!~#f~*-*~~~RM•-~•a~*&o
/]<.~P?}: ~Jt. .ft-1'- A it~ a9 ~ f; £ 0
30
Danh tir: Ttlt y~u, aiJu tdt y€u. Bi€u thi nhfrng vi~c nay khong th~ khong lam, va
lam nhfrng vi~c nay la di~u tfit y€u. C6 th€ lam dinh ngfr, tan ngfr, vi ngfr, c6 th~
dung v&i ~Et. Khi lam tan ngfr, n~u trung tam ngfr la danh m, thi c6 th~ c6 ho~c
khong CO ff.J, COn n6u trung tam ngti' la C\lffi danh tlr thi phai CO ir-).
* JZ. -f J:_~t-fi'Ji, ~Atl:f[ !i&~o
1!. ~ ilt' p~ 1f1 )! !i& ~ ~ 4- 0
*
mang tan ngfr.
~X.if;-_~~Jl.ffJ~-JI.f;_o (S)
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - Nh!n ID?nh cAn phai - Nh!n ID?nh khfing -th~
c6 nhfing thu nhtr: thu6c thi6u: bi~n phap, each
men, thgc ·ph§m, tiSn thuc, diSu ki~n, thiBt bi,
b~c, v.v... v.v...
,J<_lf_ ~ 1f1 El ~ .i. ~~ J:_ ~4}- :pi*'
n; iC 't J'o o !)k~J'GfPl>J 0
Luy~n t~p
.I
-r f:f:i R. ;t lffJ i#J , . JJ•J ~--$-
1-t tr.J j:_ "* Jj•J ~ -~ 0
*6 o
jj a9 [D~i tlr]
- Khac. Thay thS nhfrng gi da n6i phia tru6c.
~ -iJL it 14- :f 1 , -iJL Jj~ 69 11~
*
0
j£ ~ Jj~ 69 *- lllb ?
-'l. [Ph6 ru, d~i tir]
Ph6 tlr: ~hac. f){rng tnr6c d9ng tlr don am tiSt, bi€u thj nhting gi ngoai ph~m vi
da n6i 6 tren.
j~~ ~ •li: ' ~ 111 Jj ~~at J'a] JWp ~~ 0
D~i ru: Cai khac, thu khac. Phia sau Ji ph:H c6 sfi tir.
-*~~~~~' ~-+~~~~*'0
-'l?r [Ph6 ru, d~i nr, lien ru]
Ph6 tu: Khac. DUn.g tnr6c d9ng ru ho~c cvm d9ng ru, thuOn.g di li~n vm it,
5l... .1f bieu thi D.hfrng gi kh~c, khong nim trong ph~m vi da n6i 6 tren.
-f-t~1~%~~~;}j~~~1-# • • o
iti.k:~-ftP~, ~}jJ~.fJ}~-i.o
- D~i tlr: Khac, cai khac_. Phia sau n 7r phai la C\lffi danh tlr, ho~c Ut them a9, d€
t~o thanh kSt cAu chii it-].
~~it~*~~~&, }j~~~~~ATo
~ 1f1 R; *- ~-!- 1 Jj '"-~;HI~ 0
32
- Lien ttr: Ngoai ra. Dung d€ lien k€t, ti€p nAi v&i cau tren, ho~c phan cau tnr&c,
bi€u thi ngoai nhung gi da n6i a tru&c, con c6 nhfrng thu nay.
1-KJlJJ~~~~A..fr-;k ttif; o
*
1t !'J ~~ Jjr, ~ ef , - t}] ~ mG % ~ ~~ 1 Jj ;r , ~N ~~ 1 , ~ 0
Luy~n t'p
ChQn jjlj tru,., 53 9r,., :13 , jjtl di~n vao chfi trdng:
1. ~~7W3*~' ~~~~m~o ·
2. JJ~1'~tr:~m-TB<J:J!~IriJ~, W31'A~·/f1Ai~o ·
3. 1$ :t:13JJ~\ 7 0
4. ffi7' '~+27 0
33
6. 1fr\tEH~~rruOOB<J~bt- - -{±, 1J~~JWt~~&~ 1 o
1*
'ft ;r.: 1t i>L fi-J JJ~ *-f 0
Lien ~: Va, v&i, v&i l{li. Dung d€ nfii tiep hai d()ng tir hai am tiet, hai phan cau,
.I
nhung hai phan cau d6 phai c6 ·cung m()t ch~ ngfr, d€ phan cau sau gian luge
chil ngfr di.
~1Jl*~l!~-f*:#-Jf- ii..Jh ~~1t~.fto
~-T 2006 -f*-!•J *-. J!l..%1i..Jf-~ >J **0
E>(lng ttr: H9P lf;zi, sap nhtJp.
~ 1f1 4E, l!El-1'-~ FA. .Jf- n\ --1'-- :k. fA. o
:Jt:ll [lien tir]
Va, v&i l{li. Dung lien ket, ket I16i nhfrng d()ng tir, tinh ttr, ph6 ttr vm nhau,
nhfrng tir nay phai la tir hai am ti€t. -#- lL cling lien ket dugc hai phan cau, khi
-#- JL. dfulg addu phan cau sau.
* *-r-
lienket phan cau,
~ ~ -}f-ll..;f:ro 1-t
~ ~ .2- ;t
1*-
~ ~~ 1ti JiJ .·o
~ 1!1 j:_ it ft-J 1$ ' -Jf- lll£~tl §, 0
Khi nfii Ii€n ba S\1' vi~c v&i nhau, thi -#- Jl d~t a vi~c sau cilng.
JJJl ~1f1 ~ iJL ~ *- ~rJiy, .,:A J€7 , J1ft ~ *1- 1 , *- M 1 , .Jf- Jl -it- it it-
-\t tt .,:,( -;Wi.ifl;ftj %·7 0
34
3t [Ph6 ru, lien ru, d9ng tu] 3f:ll [Lien ru]
- Khi Htm lien tir, d~u biSu thi nghia va, v&i lr;li, nh~m k~t n6i, lien k~t hai thanh phfin
~~R~#~*/if-A~ttT~+~~o
,J, aJJ Ji;k~i~n\~:§t;t±J;Jl~-, -Jf- I-#- A;ftif- T.J1£~~ !:to
- Khi lien k~t, k~t n6i hai phan cau, hai phan cau d6 - Lien k€t phan cau c6 cling I
ph~Li cling m9t chu ngfr, dS gh\n luge b&t chu ·~gfr a m9t chu ngfr ho~c hai chu
phan cau sau.. Khong dung cho cau c6 hai chu ngfr ngfr khac nhau.
khac nhau. *- ~ .i.1f1 ~~ ~tt ~#-#
k*~~~~~#*~~~~1~~0 Jlif~ *.&.~ }jo 1 1'13 #J o
- Khong dugc ng~t giua hai phan cau. - Bugc ng~t giua hai phan cau.
rJ!.. J.- .J., -!::
_J..;..
!:f" /f)( A/-/ .X.1"1" '
.u.. ' i£..
~'
~ .t.1- ..:f. _:lt- tim
!.:f" .::t-. .IJ'P :;e. JT
1'J.:fA fd
I '"" "' ~:f£*-IJ ~#, -#-ll,
t1{;J EL 0 (S) ; ~ .i. :;fp ~ ~rp 1f1 ~~ f.!~ T1~ B. 0
- Bi chung v&i nhfrng tir. phu dinh . ~-. )t-. ~i ;ff-. - Khong di chung v&i nhfmg
~-- -=~~- mphu dinh.
~.Jf-~FJ-t~lt~1t!zo ~:1f-ll/G FJ-i:1~~~
1t9:. o (S)
- Khong d:i chung v&i rihfrng ru /f:1.5l-. ;f:1.§.. · ... Bi ehung v&i . nhfing ru ;f.
1~ /f: 1x. :it~~ 00 A , -)f-it Ei 1~ 1£ F) - ~ 1i1 1x... .:t: 1.~-.
%o (S) 1-t/G1X.lt~~ ~A, .J1- lL
Luy~n t~p
ChQn jf-. jf J3. di~n vao ch6 trfing:
1. 1f.J\1Jl1m~~~7, A~'1ili ¥j:~~~~, R~iT~~ws·o
2. 1m!fl~H~~fu~7~~' :1.8~ ~~~tBo
3. ~IE~~fu::f~IPJ_.~A, 1fl\J31J~~R~~fut§1~ ito
-~ ~u&mB~~~~~m~a~&m*~~~~, ,~*
~~tt~~, ~m~I~~~~~-~0
s. 2oos1F~x, 1m*~1, f.mJ~@JfEI1to
6. flt1fJI¥JWc~al.fO"' ~~& l~T~o
7. 1$ &' ~.DttEA, 7( B<J 11: ~ ~ J:: :i:.$1t!(~f o ..
35 .
l___..........-.. py· • [~!?~l.~~U-=-~· ~~if.?i~~~-~~~t-~)T __ T __ y···- '' T'l
/F [Ph6 tuJ
Kh6ng, chua. D(mg tnr6c d{»ng tir, tinh tir ho~c trg d{»ng tu bieu tlij S\f phii djnh.
~~f-pJ!.1~J]t{f.{f.~JLo
i!.*- ~-#t--,~,JL~~W o
1t ff.J ~ ii-1JL~l ~ k iJfL ;flj 0
* Chu y: ~ + d{»ng tir mang y xu huang = hinh thtrc phii djnh. C6 hai truemg
hgp.
a) Bieu thj tir ch6i, phii dinh, m9t each chii quan, minh khong mu6n lam
~i!t-!- ~@]* ~3~1:-!-
b) Bi€u thi phii dinh khach quan, khong the lam dugc.
*-~*·. @]~* j~~J:-!-
~ <~fi) [D9ng ru, ph6 ruJ
D{»ng ru:
\ (1) ~ Kh6ng co. Bi€u thi khong c6 sa hiiu, tAn t~i thu gi, m6n gi d6.
\ I
~~i: ($i.~) 11~ ~ ~~0
.I
1tJ!.*.f.~~ji_ ( $i,~) ~Lfto
~N.$1 ( $l:~) ,;Jl7 0
(2) Kh6ng au, chua tlu. Di theo sau ~.t ( ~.t~) phai c6 sA lugng d€ bieu thi
khong du con sA d6.
~«. ~.£~l, ()l,~) . .::..-t-#t~o
~-!-~r, ,y, fa ~l£~l. (~i:~) -+ JJ Yl,@] *-1 0
(3) Kem han. Dimg trong cau so sanh kern han (A< B)
36
(b) Bi6u tbi SlJ lva ch9n c6 hay khong. D()ng tir +it+ D()ng tir ?
1tt ~ ~i~ #Jj- flFl ?
Luy~n t~p
l*o_
s. ~ ~nm~9fllm7, ~~ *.t.ilo
6. ~ ~ iJl1f.J\ I¥J 5! 1* 1t~ f~ ~, !.16' iE JG' c/
7. ~ ~' Jj\.:E** ~~' ?JT~~11'JiiJ§ ~0
8. ~ ~J1_[}~o ·
-9. ¥-J:k iJ, ~1n~oo~m 0
37
L. ·zr·y I .•. TT····· !0_1,!1 .:f~' .b~IJI:-:: :IF.ffiiJilyOn~ ... T"'TYI"I" ..- ...• J
~R~-~~~~~, k~~·~*o
/I' ffl [Ph6 tir]
(1) Khong can, khoi. /f'.ffl + d{>ng tir/ngfr d{>ng tlr. Bi€u thi S\f th~t khong cAn phai
nhu v~y, ~6 lam v~y cling khong c6 tac dl)D.g.
~~~~·ti1, ~Jfl.fft-kf~~9ifi7 0
Luy~n t~p
2. jg~~-{4;J,tJ:Jj9t~q,~~' j(PJ- - - 0
3. I~J.LJ(Ef{J~~' ~~1-i'f*ml:PJ~,
4. f1 D;J9t~~JJ~JLI¥J0~1-=\:$,
38
5. 1$ !\t::f~ J:.~B<J
#ifZ, 0
6. :kf?-tg7.f7f~a, ~f~:*lf!.o
7. i!Gt&t~~!l:h%~, 1~fJTI¥J 0
8. ft"*' {fu"* 0
~f~Jd.~-i!flo
1
9. 1fJ\
1o. tiP 1t11EJZ: ~ iJl, 1fT\ PI . t§ 1§ 1m o
, "'"'' ......... 1
m
1e: ..<A. -ts 1t 1if tEJ a~
.f.;, ~~ 16 ~JT ~ ff.J .fJ 0
39
- Khong c6 each dim.g nay. - co the ~~P ~~i thaoo ~ 1x.
R~~~~*~~~~A~~~'~*~ 1x. de nhAn ~nh.
Jlj X ~ fi-J 1Jii4t o (S) IPJ~~~~::X: $ .i'J
R~~~~*~~~~A~~~'~*~ 1~/r'-A.~ ~1*, .J£::X: $
f'J *-. ~ tr.] 1Jil4t o (S) Jlj k ~ ~1Jt~o
- Ph~m vi khong ro rang - Chi ro ph~m VI,
Luy~n t~p
3. ~ ,g-¥!, rm.§.~~11t*:JJ!qo
4 .. !ltffJ ~%~1f*, rmli~{(&~o
s. :ruB ~~~, rm.§.~ ~ 0
6. ffJ\, ~~~~ffJ.1!{fo
7. · $~ · ~j}rmJl~)EJ!!)}frfo
8. 1tBffJ ~it, ffij_§J~P4::k~o
9. 1m :ttf¥7 El 6B<J~, ~re::k::ta<Jlf&{g:ttf¥7 0
40
~Jf [Ph6 nr]
Danh phai, bu9c phai. Bi~u thi y nghia trong tlnh hinh nhu v~y, tinh th~ nhu v~y,
khong con S\1' Iva chQn nao khac tfit bon S\1' Iva chQn nay nfra, danh chAp nh~n
nhuv~y.
r f:f:J 1 , A1n.R "*t aJJ ~.fit -i:- p~ o
- NhAn ~nh hi d<)ng, y mu6n · chu - NhAn ~nh do di~~ ki~n khach quan nhu
quan cua nrlnh hi h~n ch~, bAt d~c di, thai gian, each thuc, phuong phap hi thay
n~m ngoai kha nang cua mlnh. d6i, ho~n canh khong cho phep.
r
J.JtJL 1
f:f:i 1 , ~ 1n ~ .fl ~ f1JJ ~.fit-!-
o (S)
r f:f:J 1 , _~ 1n ~ .ff 1 .R -jf aJJ JZ.
. . . -i:-JJtJL 1 o
*
~~~~~~~,~~~~~ ~~~~~~~' ~~~~~~
gJ 79 ~~4~~.f.i-~f.ii1t_;t;t o (S) f.J $l4~~~ /~:kfi!Ji1t.;t$ o
lli !:l *~~~{±. '*- J:::kf*f~~'
~~-1-f~Pfro
- Khong th~ d<rng tru&c chu ngfr. - C6 th€ dirng tru&c chu ngfr.
~k f~ 1t. ~1$ ~-!-, ~.f.i-~ ~ ~xf~1t~l$ ~-!-, .R* I .R-Jcf~
-i:- o (S) -i:-o
- Phan cau sau la cau phu djnh, khong - Phan cau sau la cau phu dinh; chi c6 thS .
k~t hqp v&i ~ 1~ ~. dung ;; *I- ho~c ·;; 1¥-.
mh ~if 1·, ~.f.J~;f:J:.i3fto mf.J ~if 1, .Rff I .R"*t/GJ:3*-o
(S) mf.J ~~~ JlJ ~, -t- .K--T -t .R 4ll
mf.J .t~ ;r: JlJ 4- , 4'- R. T + ~ .ff Jt-jf~-!-o
~~-i:-o (S)
- ThuOn.g dung trong kh~u ngfr. - Dilng trong kh~u ngfr va van vi€t..
Luy~n t~p
41
3. fJt1fJ **fvH~:tftOO?:o
4. ~ te1m1W~U:i3:1!.o
5. ~7rf*, 1m -i;;#tiPifFo
6. f!t1f]ffl7.k 3~~¥ilJ 0
(2) Bi~u thi khong dfing yv6i nh~n djnh cua ngum khac, thuoog dt'rng cuai cau
lam tan ngfr.
1~-iJL~~ R._a}tJ:. @1 *-, ~;;l_if:Jt~o
~~~~~#~~~~' ~~~Jt~o
(3) C6 th~ dung d()c l~p d~ tra Uri.
A: ~~ P)-;tlllb? B: .if: £-1-fo
/1'-}E [Ph6 tir]
Chua chlic. Bi~u .tbi sv thvc vdn chua c6 gi ch~c ch~n.
~-~JJ~{.f--=J- 1 ;f:--~ ~1ttiJio
~*-~*-J£~-~~0
42
1~iJL1t~5l itr7]z-f-7G4%' ~i ~ Tm /G @1 .iila:~- Jt% o (vi ngfr)
~~-1-fo (tanngfr) 1~ ~ k *- trJ!;? /f:- Jto (tra lm d9c l~p)
1~~ *- trJ!;? ~ .t.~-J o (tra Uri
d()cl~p)
- Ngfr khi m~m ~i han, chu qua!! - Tinh khach quan ~nh han.
han. ~3.-~ JJ 1t~- Jt {?--j,)L~5l i!o
~ 3--1'- Jj -tt~ ~~l%it ~5(_
·'- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ dung trong hinh thuc cau chinh phan.
1t-k/G-kl£~i£-tfo (S) ·-f~-}/G-k:ia:~-~0
. .:. Khong c6 each dung nay. - Trang cau c6 th€ c6 cac d~i tir nghi vAn, cu6i
r ~~JtJJ -1\-f±.}J~ JL ~ Ja:~ cau c6 trg tU ~' cac <t?i mnghi vftn chi nai
Jt.f-l~o (S) ch6n, thai gian harte nguCri c6 th8 dll'ng tru&c
if- R. il-; a_t 4?- Ja: /f: Jt ff iii -k harte sau ~-Jt, nhfrng d~i tu nghi vAn khac.
'7to (S) chi c6 th€ dtmg sau ~-it.
T--t:~$JJ~1±.JJ~JL~.i£.if;~Jt% o
~ kMJBt~if./f:-Jt i'fi-k%o
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ lam vi ngfr, nhung trong cau c~n phai
1~
~~.fo (S)
* ll}J~ ~ ~ *~ ~ ~5(_ * Ja: ~ c6 d~i mmy chi.
·~-}ll~~~*X.~~5lit:l£~-Jto
Luy~n t~p
43
I·· -nT·ffl ,._~ ··~-,. ·• ..... ·
~ -~· . ·-·;· ··-
(021]
··----····-~
/F~ buran- ~.uta fouze
-- ~-w ~:~ ·r , • • rn r- - ~s- ·z ~rw-~ .. · .. ·· ·-- r · ·--- ·
-~
Lien tir: N~u khong. Bi€u th1 n8u khong th11c hi~n v€ d§u thl se xuftt hi~n tinh
huAng 6 v8 sau. Thu(mg kSt hgp vm ~ 6 sau.
~~*-~~~~~, ~A~~~~~~*-0
~i""t"1~~~' ~~~~i!lk'~J 0
,w,. !£ ;f;~
;ff ~'~ ~~.. , ::r
,w,. ~~ fp
.li.. 0
/ ' ~
'I ' >>] 0 Yl{t 7, ~}f]~$.5t~, Jt~~JI~'
ii-~1t 7' ~ ~ ~.5t .!f , Jt.~~ m $.5t.!f-~l7 0 it~~~ 0 (S)
!&, $.5t~;fp 0 *~~~~ 0 I
- Thu<mg dung ·trong khAu ngfr. - Thuemg dfulg trong van viet.
Luy~n t'p
ChQn /f'~, -NY!U di€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. 1$1~-*_t~, ~ mt~~~i3:~IfF7 o
2. U41f.J\~~{lt019t~~f$, mt:fl~?ma
3. ~tRI@, 1fl\~J1S~U 7 o
44
s. :f.f JI:h A~~ l!)j , 1r JI:h AY!U o
9. J1u~~Jlzilfi~ 7 ,. ~~1f~/F ~ 0
~l!.~,q«J:l' ~~tb.fl~~~?
f§J * 1, -k~ -k~ ~ t11 ~* r r Ntt ~g} 0
45
- Khong thl Phia sau k~t hgp v&i hlnh thuc phu dinh de nhAn - ~ong c6 each
ITI?nh ngfr khi kh~ng dinh. Thu<mg d(mg tru6c chu ngfr. dung nay.
~ fi-J 1.. ,7:; 11~ ~ )(ll ~' ~ti1~1;t~~~-r o
1!. *- -i~ * X. M- X.1t.1L ' ~ ti7.ff-1;t~~
- Dtmg nhi€u trong khAu ngfr.
0
- Dtmg nhiSu
trong van vi ~t.
Luy~n t'p
ChQn /G EB~"' :IG~ di€n vao chfi tr6ng:
1. 1m¥3f¥3f, Mr7H~1§o
2. ~fuEf]J!iiwX-ifiXX~t~, 1$ /G~@o
3. ~~UJJ~#t~jj(, ~ mJE9:tE~tJ?:OO~EI"Jat7'6o
4. ~~uJ!~~~a<JgJG', 1m ·:~G~-·- r=t
**m
0
5. UJT~-"J3}JirJ3:k~~i,J\, ~*Jfg*o
6. ;g 7 J! -t- !Jvtjl ' fit JEQ 8 itt EJ<J :WJ :WJ 0
7. lj\~TIZY~*~' J\:JE~JJEQ*o
8. fitmJJ~~ff*l:~, 1$/G~o
j
46
(2) Khong sao, sao ci1ng tlu(fc, kh6ng b9n tam. BiSu thi di€u d6 khong lien quan
d€n rnlnh, khong dang ds b~n tarn, va 1\I mlnh co-<; dinh, each lam rieng, suy
nghirieng.
;; *if~* ~lj
A~~~M~~~' ~~~~~~~~0
*VSJ' Pt,~. JL*~jt,fl~i}t 0
,~. . JL~ v.v ... (~,fi.f-~ . . ~,fi.f- JL~ v.v ... (~flJfil:kf . . jt1-f~JijfiJI,
ft-J ~Ji.~ -,?.J,JL~~~Jf-). JGJi)j"i~a~ ~Jt . . -,P.,JL~JG1Ji"i!) .
- K.hong thS k€t hgp_v6i *f . . ~:A~- - Khong thS k~t hgp· v6i ~ . . jjljJ....~iX.i~
(~,fi..if-:!tf(S) . . jf:1f~~ -f(S) ). v.v ... ( }G?Jj"i- 4~(8) . . ~JiJj"iJ_1J 1JA. ff.J-iX.
-~(S)) .
Luy~n tip
ChQn :f1£ 3_}1... 7GJlJT1~ di~n vao chfi trfing:
1. ~wc~/Ft~1fu~~11tl11J~#xt1t-it~- B<Jf¥-To
2. ~~U7.f?JTiJI=l¥Ji~ 1~~, .R~----- ,~JL~AEJ<J~¥!ffif B, 1~7:
*~~0
3. 1m~ If&~?
4. 1m~-i~~, ~}Jt~-i . 0
47
7. ~ Jj~JL*-f5, 1tB?l!~Wt~1tf!P~a
8. ~~ 1m1fJM~~~ 13lo
9. M! ffJ\J!~I".:XJ\~o
10. ffJ\J.!~~iJfilJ}Jt~iJFil, X1~*iJl=m _ _ o
~~ [Ph6 tir]
Dii timg, timg. BiSu thi tinh hinh d6 ho~c han.h d9ng d6 da tirng xuAt hi~n 6_
tnr&c day, gicr khong con t6n ~i, khong con ti~p diSn nira.
~ -~-iJLlil!.14-:f 0
. ~-+~at-!f!{±.~r, ,y,-fi.it-~ 0
~ [Ph6 tir]
Dii timg, timg. Cach dung va y nghia gifing
it M:. Chi c6 hlnh thuc phu dinh clia
.I
t khac v&i f t& la them*"' ~' t?o thanh ~ t' =*- t.
~-+-$£at.,-?±- ~r, ,y, flJ it~ 0
~ *- t -iJL lil!.14-:f 0
~ f-iJLitJ!.{tJ=-~o
* Mgt diSm khac v6i f t& nfra la tnr6c f .c6 the dung nhfrng tir "Pf, {Of, ~
de hoi hay hoi :v~n l~i, con f ~ thi khong c6 each dimg nay.
~{Oft 1JL it1*- 6] .}~ -ifr?
Sf& [Ph6 tir]
- Dii. Bieu thi S\1' vi~c da ~ay ra, da hoan thanh ho~c thai gian da troi qua. ·Hanh
d9ng do ho~c tinh tr~ng do hi~n gicr vin con ti~p dien, xay .ra.
~~~-!-J:j* 7 0
3!.~4$~~~~ 1, 1*~ffl~~~o
48
s ~7-.
rlm ...:x. [Ph6 tu]. St£ [Ph6 tir]
- D€u bi€u thi nghia cia, timg nh~m chi sv vi~c, hanh d()ng da xay ra, t6n t~i, nhung
xet v6 ~t y nghia, c6 sv khac bi~t doi chut.
~~~I e.,~-t::-ii-;k.L~o
~~~I e.,G;;titi!.$..-f; o
- v€ ~t y nghia, ~hi hanh d()ng d6 - v6 tri~t y nghia, hanh d{mg do, tinh hlnh
khong con ti€p '<:U€n, keo did; .tlnh hinh d6 v~n con xay ra, keo dai d€n t~n bay gia.
d6 khong con tdn t~i. 1~~~ :Ji li-*i#-o (Hi~n t~i vftn con la
1~ f :~ :J3 ii .;f- ~ o (Hi~n t~i khong hu6ng dftn vi en)
la huemg dful vi en niia) ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ;fl:, ,y, o (Luc n6i cau nay, vftn con
1~ f ~~~{::, iJ, o (Luc n6i cau nay, aB~c Kinh) ,
khong con a B~c K.inh nua)
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - Khi thu~t ·l~i nhitng gi 6 hi~n t~i ho~c se
1
J~ff_ iJ J -} 7 ,f ~ jJj Pt 1:&.at fal xay ra trong tuong lai gkn, chi c6 th6 dung
7 (S) e.,~, khong k€_t hgp- v6i tr !~.
*
o
- Khorig c6 each dung nay. - Nhitng h~mh d()ng ca dm nguai chi xay ra
4\ :WJ :k7J f ~ ft 1 o (S) m()t IAn, ho~c chi lam m()t tAn.
~-m-m e,~1t 1 0
Luy~n tip
Chon ~ ~... ~... B~ d{en vao chfi t~6ng:
1. ~YfPPT . ~1fl\~m~J:t?
2. ~1fJ +1¥~:frJtOOT. o
3. 1m/f Jttt1miFX;Js>(o
4. tJM1£ +=BY o
s. 1m /F3~Yfl17 0
6. 1m :(£_t~~>.JiilfJ3~, l~1£1£~tH:IfFo
· 7. ~* ~Ji~t}jt~'~o
8. 1tit1fJ t§~ii__..-PXEJtfa] 0
49
[025] ~:f~ chabuduo -~~JL chadHinr-
'•' ·• ,_,,,.,.,._, ,._,-. ,., , 't""'""'· ;t. • • · " ,._.,..,,,. •' .to.. Oot .. HOOI!"I... ""'""'-, O""l·ll''""'" ,.,.,,,.._ , ...... ,.,, o I , ll.o, ~-·~·'''"""'·'·,. - , .. .,., •' .......... , .• • ~ol •' :t of<• .............
JL.:P. jihii
nft ......... , ...... ,...,, ... -""'"'""'·"" '"• , ...,., ~- ,, !,,, •• _.
-it-~~~~.~.~~ ±E77 0
.I
*** Chu y: .!.~ ~ voi .!. ,?i,JL hoan toan mangy nghia k:hac nhau, khong nen
nhAm I§n. Rieng JL~ vira c6 y suyt chut nfra (.!.,?i,JL), vira c6 y hAu nhu, gAn nhu
(JLf-) .
.!. ~ ~ : hAu nhu, da sA, gAn gi6ng nhau.
.!. ,?i,JL: suYt chut nfra~ su)rt ti nfra
JL~: (1) hAu nhu, gAn nhu; (2) suyt chut nfra, su)rt ti nfra
~£\)~ [Ph6 tir]
Suyt tl-niia,·xem chut. nita.
*** Luu y khi dung hlnh thuc kh~ng dinh va phii dinh ciia .!. ,?i,JL:
(1) N~u la S.\I vi~c khong mong muAn xay ra thl.!. ,?i,JL va J.,?i,JL $l giAng nhau
ve nghia, deu biSu thj rna~ ~n rna S\f yi~c khong xay ra.
a'f~1~~-$ .l_,i.. JL (!_,i.. JL5.t) ~t 7 Ao
(2) N~u la Sl;t_vi~c mong mu6n xay ra thi .!. ,R. .JL va .!. ,?i,JL 5.-t khac nhau ve
nghia:
- 11 ,-?i, JL biSu thi S\f ti~c nuAi.
~l!ik!.,~~JLliY't~ii 7·~.stii B ~7]<.-f-o Oi~ J:.)
- J.,-?i,JL$1 biSu thi sg vui mimg vi may rnlin.
~-!-~JL3:hBJt 7, .l.,i,JL$i.,liJ:. ~~JLo (MJ:.1)
50
JL.:SZ [Pho tir]
(1) Suyt ti nfra, xem chut nfra. Ynghia va each dung gi6ng 1.,-P.,JL.
!!.14-$=~JL.if- (.l_,~,JL) ,t. 7 o
(2) H du hit, gJn nhu, hdu nhu. Ynghia va each dung gi6ng ~ ~ $-.
~~~~~~~+(.£~§)~-#~o
Luy~n ti-p I·
ChQn ~:;f~ . . ~#-JL .... JL--P- di€n viw ch6 tr6ng:
1. {tB 1::1::~~7-~o
2. 1J~-*~fJt~Ef<Jat1t~tWtlbJJ:IJ§1fif§~* 1, ~3k~u o
3. ~ ~:f:fjffJ:.j(~o
4. ~?±~JL 1:rn
7 .Jiif7
5. 4-x~-tEIEHm~ *7~-§o
6. 4-*J:.il~YffJJ14~§J~J'Uj~, ~ ~/flli*o
7. ~~Ef<J~~ :J!iiJIG 7 0
9. ~~J.Krffi~¥*1fr 0
51
[02·6] 1it chang - 1it'iit changchang
-- --~--· · ·· . ······· ···--~-
fttt wangwang-
r· - ·-· · · ._,. . . . ··· ........
;.-~--·=·--
~'If jingchang
· ·, r· .. ·. ·...... :.· . . ·. . . . . . ·. · ·- -· ·. .-.. -
~ ~ --·--·-~-~----·---~··a·- ..... . ·
·~ ···-·~- -~.;..' ·--" . . . . q ... •• ·••
1~~?i: f *-JJtJLo
#?it [Pho ru]
Thuang thuirngo each dimg va bieu tbi -y nghia gi6ng nhu '$ 0
~1nff*~ili<-o
· ~~J *- 'f Wl at, ~ 7;J ~ >J ·Uti!.~ -T .1:. ~, .Pfr v:,l. ~-f f ~ .i'J o
~ fl7~~P:ifo
~f'ftr~im o
- Hinh thuc phu djnh gifing nhau, dSu la ~ ~ 0
52
1tt1tt [Ph6 tir] ~1tt [Ph6 tir, tinh tir]
- Dau mang nghia "thuoog thu(mg", "thuemg xuyen", bi€u thi hanh d<)ng d6, tinh
tr~ng d6 xay ra nhiau IAn, thuemg xuyen. Nhung dung !~ f nh§n m~nh sv thucrng
xuyen xay ra han so v&i f *.
~ *'*" 1~ '*" -i±. oo-ts tr: m11} o
- Hinh thuc phu dinh gj6ng nhau, d~u la ~ 'f. Rieng ~ 'f co the dung·~!~*.
~~ '*" I !i! 'f 7fR-f-., 4\t-~X -fH$.-!f-~o
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - C6 each dung CUa tinh tir, lam dinh ngfr, c6 th€
iif d \if !f. Jt. ~ .~ lTt '*' '*' d(rng sau ph6 tir trlnh dQ.
_ 11~ 11-J i.k tfo o (S) Pf 0 1if Jf. Jt. ~ ~ :ijt ~ 't 11~ fi-J i.k tfo o
ttt£ [Photu]
Luon luon. Bi€u tbi d9ng tac,. tinh hu6ng d6 du&i di€u ki~n nh!t dinh se xu!t
hi~n. Nh!n ~nh mang.tinh quy l~t nhi€u hem.
A~*~~~~~~~~~n~~~o
*"-i ~ ~}~ jj %{£.1.f ~ Jj<. 0
~
*
4\ 1f1 '*" -k ~ J4
'*' '*'-k 00 -f; tr:
0
0
...
c6 th€ dung ~1.-f£.
~ Jf:.,4\1f1~$.-k ~ J4 o (diSu ki~n Ia cuAi
tudn)
1~$.$.-i- 00 .:f;1f o (S)
r
~.K$JJ .E.. 4=-.fi$.-k f!l-f.; 1t o (disu
ki~n Ia chiSu thu s{m)
- C6 thS dung dS biSu d~t y ki~n - Khong c6 each dung nay.
chu quan cila mlnh, dung cho sv v.A J€; 4\$.~ ~1~ ~ 1-t o (S)
vi~c i:J tuang lai.
vAl€; ~ 'f'f~1~~1~ o
~3
Luy~n t~p
(2) Chi ra dfii tuQllg nh~n d9ng ·ta.c, thuCm.g la cac d{)ng tac C\1 th€ bit ngufin tir
cac bQ ph~n tr€n ccr th€ cua con ngtrOi. khong dung v6i cac d9ng tit trim
tuQllg, 1
. rEl
ftt1ll1~1t*-4\it,
[Gi&i tlr, d<)ng tirl
$~tt~+JJ * 0
Gi&i tlr: Huang the?, huang v~. Chi ra phuong hu&ng cho hanh d{»ng bo~c d6i
tm;rng. Phfa sau pha~ c6 danh tir. ·
-~1f1 J{;J ;t#- if 'rt 11~ l!LJL~g-} 1 o
· ~~~J,_!..J!~7 o
D{)ng tir:
(1) Huirng, huang thdng. BiSu thi mij.t chung ta d6i di~n hortc huang thing v~
noi nao d6.
± Jjl F) ~iii. J{;J -itt-~ ' ~~ ~ iA.~Jt ttjf';t- ~rp -i1t-i* 0
rPJ
[Gi6i tir, d{)ng tir] [Gi&i_tir, d{)ng tir] [Gi&i tlr, d{)ng tir]
- Gi&i tir: d~u gi6ng nhau a nghia "hu6ng vB, quay vB".
)AJ!JL,fi I .tJf I ~ £~15, ~lzln!J~ -t11ir 1 o
- Khi la gi&i tir,-*JJ thuoog - Khi la gi&i tir, ~.i thu<mg dung - Dimg tru&c hortc
dung trong tn;uig thai tinh d€ trong tr~ng thai d{)ng dB bi€u tbi dUn.g sau.d<)ng tir~
biSu thi ·phuong hu6ng cila thvc hi~n ho~t d{)ng theo m{)t - N€u dl1ng tru&c
d{>ng.tac. phuong.hu6ng nao d6. foJ' thi hanh d{)ng
!f *~ ;f.f ~ 1--- :k.. fl , 1W ~ ~~ ;tr ~ -1"- :k.. fl , 1lfr fl d6 phai la tr~ng
fl.f!! ~ , J6 fl.:fJl ~ o. .· - .fi ~ ., J§ Jl ;fi. ~ o (S) thai d<)ng. (tuc cac
l!-1'--~lt.:flf~~.;fo(S) l!-1"-~l{Ai~~.;fo tirsau: *-~j~,~~
- -'JJ co the bieu thi d6i - ~ khong bi€u thi d6i ttrqng 5?.~..~ •.!Jt ...... + foJ)
tugng cua d{)ng tac, nhung cua d{)ng tac. ~ M ;g- ~rr ~
d6 phai la nhilng d<)ng me ~,fi 1#. -T D£. at. Dtt, ~Jt ~Jt 1jljit J o
th\fc hi~n bm ccr thS con J1--T, .J#.-T~~J~jt 1 o (S) ·-. _ ~ 1f1 ~~ ~ :t
ngum.. - a c6 th€ d(mg tnr&c ho~c ~rr /)~ itL 0
55
- Chi c6 tM d{mg tru&c d{>ng tlr. don am ti€t (rue cac ttl sau: 7t'
7f .tJJ ~t ir, fr.J :k -$ e., ~ ~, it, itt, iE., i~, M, m.
k.1 0 (S) v.v ... +{i)
~~l~~~~JJ~~~~~o -Jf,fi.~t if, fr.J :kif- e.,~k_ 7 0
- Hfiu h€t d€u dimg v6i cac d{>ng tir C\1 th~. - C6 th~ dUng v6i
~1n:l-.fJJ I -ti.:kt~ >J o (S) nhfrng d{>ng tir C\1
th~ h~c triru tuqng.
~1n~~:kt* >J o
Luy~n t'p
ChQn ~' ~' tt di€n vao ch6 trAng:
1. **-!5Y. ~ !J\ f!ij ?!f. >J 0
2. lj\* ~1i~o
3. j(~ r1*~t m 0
- Khdp noi. Chi· cac noi, C\1 th~, khong chi mQi ~t, khong mang nghia trim
tuqng.
i!J! Jft\ rfr J•J ~ ~ iE./£ ~.jj Jt il 0
JJ~-1'-/~ ~ ~~ ~~~tl-t if 0
56
!lt!J± [Ph6 tir] ¥U 9t [Ph6 tir] ..
- D8u bi~u th! ngbia cdc noi, m9i mQ.t, nai noi, khiip nai o
~r, if, ff.J~k*--*~ I J•J ~~~lif v:J.;t Jt ~LPt o
- Chi mQi m?t, cac nai, dting cho ca y - Chi cac nai, C\1 th~, khong chi m9i
trim ttrQllg I!n cv th~. Dich la noi noi, ~t, khong dung cho nghia trim tuQUg.
khdp noi, m9i m{it. Dichla khlip n.oi.
~~rpM:~·*'~~j_o. :t-;rp J~;t * ~~ ~ .1-o (S)
- Khong c6 y nghia nay. - Khi cau mang nghia tieu eve, phe
~ ;G 11t- .:E. !£_ ' ;t?,CP.±.#to (S) phan, thi Jlj ~ con c6 nghia "tu]' ti?n"
nua.
Luy~n t~p
Luy~n t;p
ChQn JA/f .. lA* diSn vao ch6 tr6ng.
I. :fJt -t: tt~ IE o
2. {ik -mttftkJ!~1::o
3. ~tJX~'~!lt pZ 0
.I
4. jj~/j'~~ JlS~UJ1o
s. 1m PJT=IJtB<Ji! 0
· 6. 11k1Jll¥Ji!!\t k;iaa
7. :fJt PJT iJl Ji*-f ~{fJ\ I¥J ~-:;- -la] o
8. !J\5FJ MI~ o
9 .. *J:f:t{E~ffiJ~ ~Ji&i!o
10. ~ ~~ ~Jj~#A.jtJIJt[5(o
58
Tnrflc d6. Chi khm\ng thCri gian tnr6c mfic thai gian n6i d€n trong cau.
1t ~.X f.r {± ~ JL ~ ~5l it?
~ i)l-'.X lfr' ~j£ ~t @J *- 0
Luy~n t~p ·1
Ch9n JArru, ~ nu di6n ~ao ch6 trfing:
1. *9=t IE M~ , !\G::f~¥X ill o
2. . -1' J.l !\t~1£~1'-~h5{~~~ 9!! 0
3. ~AJ~,-1-x.XiJt B{]llt~ o .
9. ~{tH@J* fJG{fJ~\~Jn{t{tB~Mo
10. ~~U{tB1JJ~~ ~*¥'(!~, AU4A:t:JG\o
59
I
......... ~ ... ·'·
[0311
.... ·.. ······'·"'"" .......w.~···~- . u.·~
!§~ dafu-
~- "· ........~···· ---·--.·~;.···--·-y·"' ··~~-·--·.
riD* huida
.. - .. .).."'·'···4....... ~-·r;. .T
··~~· -·~"M~· .~~-..- •.. • -"·. ···~
)
fl.t ~ ~ 1-t -ifrJ lPl ' ~111Jll i~~A ·fl.t t!$. ~ *1-t·-ifu 1aJ , ~ 1n & i~ U;-
~---t~.l.o A.~-+tiJ~o (S)
Luy~n tip
ChQn ~~, @] ~ di€n vao chfi trfing:
1. ~9flltf!Btl frlj~, ~:ms~ 0
60
lJ~_2]_ ,~!..~.a~~~-=--Z'=.!...~~~_)--~~~~~/~~~~>.r·=-!.:!'.~'!o.~~~- .1 .
- Da s&, ilt;Ji tla s6. Bi~u th! s6 luQ'Ilg vugt qua Y2 t6ng sA.
~~~'f,ir-J.tJii-t-i!A=k~ <=k$-) i#-]tli7 o
~~J!.~**~~(;k~)~o/~!f±o
~~~J,iJL;f\;k~ (;k~) :$Jio
~"* (Ph6 tir]
(1) Qua bim, han mpt nita, tla.s&, tlt;zi tla s6. Bi~u thi s6luQ11g vuqt qua Y2 .t6ng sA.
* ~JJ ,t, a}] rp -*i#-~ $-.f ~7r JtAo ·
~a~-f.l $-.f;t mG~a~o
(2) Thong thuang. Bi~u thi dg doan di~u gi d6 rAt nhi~u kha n~ng xay ra, dung v&i
xac su~t kha cao.
ftJ-*-, ~$-.ft§J~~o
1~ $- .f ;(£ -t :::_ §,-!- pt iJj_ o
1
61
:k~ (]\:~)
:*~ c-:k~)
[Ph6 ru]
~*
[Ph6 ru, danh tlr] [Pho tu]
- f)Su bieu thi nghia ila s6, ilr;Ii ila s6.
~ 1i1 1!)1 ~ -f I :k. .:f. .,t -:k- .i. o
I ::k.~
- D\I doan tinh tr?ng nao - Khong c6 y nghia nay. - D\1' doan tinh tr?ng nao
do co xac suAt xay ra rAt r krm 1, ~1..1Jl do co xac suAt xay ra rAt
cao. :k.~~~*- To (S) cao.
r *- rm r , ~ .1An :k. r *- r.m 1 , ~ 1..1n ~
-f~~*- To .:f.~~* 7 0
Luy~n t~p
/
4. ~}JQ~-~~~T ~p~1f:$£o
5. ~Jl:~"j§jA ~l~j.ij~~o
6. _t,m] B~1fJ . ~1J07~¥C:ft~o
7. ~1fJJ3:![~~~ ~a£;fQB"Jo
8. ftB1fJ ~1-\$*0
9. ~1fJ~~~j9cJWt~-*lt~7, ~~1'Jio
10 . JjiJA~ff~Xf~1fJ _ _~~1!~&:k~nlnJo 0
~~~**~7, ~~~~*-~~~0
Ph6 ru: khoang, khoimg chimg, ch&c, ch&c h&n. Bi~u thi con s6, tinh hlnh, tr~ng
thai ho~c khoang thOi gian u&c chirng, khong chlnh xac lim.
~::k.«Jt~ iJ Ao
62
~If Jf- ~ %- :k..1±-T ~ £ $Jli:f-1t o
*-
rp o/ ~~ ~ JL .ih «, --t }\./~ _w_ 0
~*-~~_E. -t # 0
~*-~~~~~r o
~ ~ a_t T , 1t :k ~~ /G *- T o
Luy~n t~p
3. ~ 6 ~**~1!.J\o
4. ~1fJ0RJM1fflY -sAo
5. JJ~a-1!\t mtfi~T o
6. JJ~1'~~ fr+~o
7. )Z:{)({Xfil:~ ~*0
8. }j~JLIJJ~-1'- ;\~ I¥Jj(~IJ4ftB;g~o
9. P}~L f!.f\ t!M 8<J 0
63
1.... " ..w~~L~-~~1!-~J~.?!-~~~~~~-=J!!!.~ ~sh.L=r-t~.!'-~~?... _j
ffi [Lien tir, ph6 tir]
Lien tir: Nhung. Bieu thi chuyen tiSp, chuyen sang m$t y khac so v6i phan cau
trucrc, y d6 thu<mg la d6i l~p, nAi tiSp bfi sung cho y ci:la phan cau tru6c.
!!.~~ J. ~~tl-M-, 1!!~it~, JiJfv.A 5!~ o
~~rp~ J, 1!!-:ia:~#*-J:.i*-o
Ph6 tir: Chi. Bieu thi chi trong ph~m vi gi6i h~n d6. Thuang dung trong van
vi st.
~1$ A*-
!A., -t JW.. -*'"#~~ o
i!.~~~~~~ff~~,~~a~~~Jo
-ffi.~ [Li~n tir]
(1) Nhung, nhungma... Cach dung va y.nghia gi6ng ~- Phia sau thuemg c6 .jp, ~ ..
if., 173 f~, ph~n cau tru6c c6 the c6 ho~c khong c6 cac m J. f~, ~of... lil ~.
~~T~k, ~k~~~~~~~~o
~+A~*~' ~~*'~~~~~$~o
{2) Ma. Dimg de kSt nAi hai tir ho~c C\)1ll tir. Tuong ~uong vm ifQ.
*
itt%~kJJ~ $._r.;ff·tt1!!-}l·tk: ff.J !f. &1 0
~~~~~~*~T~~, ~~~1~~0
~~~~+*•~~M,#fof~~~~J~o
64
1.§. ill~ PI~ /Gtt
[Lien tir, ph61ir] [Lien tir] [Lien ru] [Lien tu, ph6 tu]
- D€u bi8u thi S\f chuy~n tiSp, dich hl nhung, nhung rna.
- C6 nghia "chi". - K.hong c6 ngh'ia "chi", "chi la". - C6 nghia "chi", ''chi
i@.~ittr-J~ 1!1-il/"iif}t~1tff-J~#.-!f-El/t la", "ch~ng qua chi
#.Jt- a ~~0 ~·o (S) 1a',.
~ ~~ 1t ~ %4.W '
;; ~ it ~t 1n %1*
;t7 JL~-f;o
- Phia sau 1£ - Phia sau 1£Jt, - C6 them ngrua - Khi la ph6 ru, mang
khong duqc ng~t d6 the ng~t quang. "dung la", "d6 la" nghia chi, bi8u thi
quang. j',;) ~ ~ ~l: ·.vt rna 1£ it " ~ it chua vuqt qua gi6i
~~ ~ ~ ~l:~lt tl:f *- 1, -f!!.}t, khong c6. h~n d6.
tB* 1' ~' ~t
t" AW$-o (S)
)9:_;1f A@J~o ~iJL~~' 1]~
"if Jt. --1'-~rp ~ f19
~~ J:.-i;-~3!
t- /\.:JL~ 0
,J,1k-=t 0
- Khong c6 each - Lien kSt hai Cl)Ill - Khong c6 each dimg nay.
dung nay. : tir nhu rm "mel'.
~ $ Y.k ~JIJ ~~
-1!!.J(5itil. tJ9 Ao
- Dung trong kh!u ngfr va van viSt. - Dung trong khftu - Dung trong khftu
ngfr. ngfr va van viSt.
Luy~n t~p
2. mt&:Efl~, . {JJ~~~~o
3. J! ·:}!i,lj:g;1J~"fJ:f:ti¥J-~o
4. i! iX 1tf!Jtxmij 1 fit, ~~, ff ~ 7( ~~tli ~1m I¥J 0
5. JJiJtl:~:f~P~~T, fit:¥*£Ef<Ja11~~0
6. jJU~~1tf!, 1m~ ~1'~-To
7. ~ :f!ilfg;1J~-T9=t a<J-1' 0
8. ~~ 7- ,R~I~11-.R~, - - -B1fJ~-~tT~o
9. ~tl:AM9=t~1:1G~tB, --~:f~Uo
to. ~-J:x.X~~J:..PJT:fla<J~, JZ:*~!Jt:i:-1"-xxl¥1 o •
65
~ rtr [Danh tU]
(1) Ben trong, trong t16. Bi~u thj ben trong gi&i h~, ph~m vi nao d6.
1±l!-Jtl=- ~ 1.. * ~, ,J, aJJ Jft ~ ~ o
~J)£~ !£. ~ ~, l~ RR ~ 3J Jft~IJ *o
(2) Chinh gifta. Bi6u thj vi trl angay chinh gifra.
i»§ltl_Jt{t$~t*-, ~ t Jt-J'a] J,;K.£o 1
~~*1"*-~1±.) Jh~ t 0
±*~~+~~' ~~~x+~~*m~~o
- C6 tha dlm.g tnr6c cum danh tir. - Vi ban than ~ da la d~i tir, tuang duang v&i
~ ± 1!1 $- .P,If *- ~ ~ ~ ' ~JJ "no, d6", nen ~9=J khong tha d(mg tnlac Cl)ffi
::1:- qEJ"rfj IX1 ;.. ..1- ~ "El
® ~ ~
~~.. Hn .,.. ~ ..!LA~ ~ :Y ti1 ~ danh tir.
~0 -f£ ± 1!1 ~ .P.Jf :k. ~ ~ 'f , .
~JJ ~t a}l If 1!1 iL
:k.~~% fl/~~o (S)
±
)!1 ~ JL Ef .P.Jf *..
;.. ..1- ~ 'El 1!..
Jl. ~71 ~
*, .
~-'f- ~JJ ~t a}] rp J!l
..!LA~~.::V ti1 ~~o
- Con· c6 nghia "chinh giua", - Khong c6 y nghla nay. Nhung c6 nghia "m9t
"ngay chinh giua". trong nhiing". ( *tf khong c6 nghia d6)
~~f.t-t-~ t/ff-**~ ~ ~ f.t-t- Jt. t ;ff -**~ jlt~f o (S)
jlt~fo.
Luy~n tip
ChQn ~ q:t, ~ q:t di~n vao chfi trfing:
1. ~1nYI~7Jitl:fjij~~q:t~3tmt, ~~--z-0
2. A~~tt~a~li$it~~f1/-J:m---- 0
66
3. pijJtij!EJB, ~~w-&~~IB"J o
4. ~tJ.?-:frf(l$0[ffi' [®llJJ!mii:~~~o
5. ;k*~>Jid?tf&$15, PJ~ili*1£- - -
6. 1iJ~1~~8"J}(=' ' __ $£~1fJ~~-B"J~~~Eruo
1. 1m~ a ,. **m~a1m5.t~m~,~o
8. 33JiJT:k~fr--T$m~j:_·, 1f-~*§rffi1rOO*o
9. 3!-'t%i5CJf1~t:* T, 1*J~, J~{Jzo
10. -iF , 1m1ftL--t J3 :fti:~i¥1 0
hSt chi nhfrng sv vi~c duqc mong dqi. Tucrng duang v&i ~~ -t ..
it ie: 7 JL k, IOJ M ~~ lt 16~ ;}c 1 o
67
~J& [Ph6 tir]
(1) R8t cu9c, cu6i cimg. GiAng each dung s6 (1) cua itl.lt. Nhk ~nh d€n phut
cu6i, phut ch6t, tinh huAng d6, S\1' vi~c d6 cling da xay ra, xuftt hi~n.
iti?: 7 JLR., ICJ M!p.i:Nf-;Jt 1 o
~!p.Jt it-li*- 1 0
(2) Noi din cimg, n6i cho cimg. GiAng each dUng sA (2) ctia i•J it. Cho du c6 tinh
hu6ng mm, cho du n6i th€ nao di nua, thi ban chAt ctia S\1' vi~c khong h€ thay
d6i.
~ ;{f ~ :_1;· ;ik: ,?i,, 1e !p.:t j£~ ~~A o
!f-:t~J.t1ti51tta9' -J.l.:Yllf-1 0
~~A!p-~~~~A, ~$~ff~A*~~o
--~~- [Ph6 tirJ
(1) R6t cupc, cu&i cimg. Giang each dung sa (3) ctia i•J£.
~fil!J-*.)t:t~~~?
1l.:t1t-!-i£~ ~-!-?
1!. ~ )t :t -ft~ ~ ~ "J\l?
.I
~ ~ :t ~~if-it?
(2) N6i din cimg, n6i cho cimg. Giang each dungs~ (2) ctia itl~.
~~:t•1~~~~~~, ~~M-~~*~~~~0
.J~-f)t:tJt.~-=j-, 1t~~~~tfo
~T [Ph6 tir]
- . Rat CUQC, cu6i cung. Giang each dung sa (1) CUa !•J~.
~111~1.-=-~'J'at, ~~-T*- 10
*~~~1~*-7, k~~-T~*-1o
~-T, 1-t~ ffi'J 1 JJ~ *'J,-it 1 o
~u~
[Ph6 ru, D()ng tir] ·
1L:l:
[Pho ru]
*~
[Pho ruJ
~-T.
[Pho ruJ
- D€u mang nghia rJt cupc, cu6i cung.
- C6 th€ dung trong cau nghi vAn d€ - Khong thB dung trong cau nghi vAn d€ hoi
hoi dan. ddn. Chi dung trong cau trAn th~t.
i!.lk ~t, $- .f~ JS:.. / 1C :t i'(t & l!IJ\..l:~~lfi.:t I ~f""i1t&.1? (S)
1?
68
") ,
- Khong nhan m~nh - Khong - Nlilln ~nh k€t - Khong co each dung nay.
k€t ll$1, k€t qua cufii c6 each lu?n, k€t qua cu&i
cilng. dUng nay. cling.
:;fo 1~ fr.J ;riJ !f tlJ :fp-1-t ~ ~ ~t
~*' ~~~ ft-J 'ttl•l tlJ~*-' 1~~~ ir.J
JA.~Jr- :k.o (S) 'it~ ~.n- :t *- 0
- Bi6u thl, tnli qua qua - Khong bi~u thi y trai qua qua - Bi€u thi trai qua qua
trinh dai, cu6i cung trinh da.i, cu6i cung m6i d~t trinh dai, cu6i cung m&i
m6i d~t dugc. dugc. d~t dugc.
Luy~n t~p
ChQn J$jt, $U~ dien vao chfi tr6ng:
1. {tBf!J17( */F*?
!\t~)E~JJ£~~
2.
3.
4.
~~ N* S~£:/E
~~~tt, {8{tB
0
' 69
9. fYj~1$ ~/fM~N~!JG1fJ-}EQ~m?
10. ~~9rtJ1W::f.f~~' -PJTli9t~omfJLM:B"J=§:MltE19J~!!.o
Danh tlr
C1.1m danh tlr
f)~i tir + 69 + trung tam ngfr (thu<mg la danh ru) ~ kat c!u chfr ff.J
D{lng tir
Tinh ru
~1f1li~t"#Jft9 1..~ 0
.I J-J ;£ Q9 ?l ~ ;J f '* -$if ~-t 0
* Neu tnuig tam ·n.gfr la d~i tic nhan xung, chi quan h~ than thu9c, chi don Vi, thi
khong cAn c6 ff.J; cac tnremg hqp con l~i cAn c6 ff.J.
D()ng tir
+ ~ ~ ngit danh ru. (Dimg nhu m{lt daflh tir)
C\lm d()ng tlr
* Bi8u thi m~nh ai n!y lam m9t hanh d9ng khac nhau, ho~c mdi thu mang m9t
tinh chAt khac nhau.
70
hay
I Chit ngfr + di,ing tir + chit ngfr (l~p l~i) + 6iJ I
~ 1n ~ r ~rz ~ di1 ~ ,
~1f 69 ~1f.. A~ ~ , pt 1-i :1r p-*- '* "* 0
~Jf Jf- at% J:.., FJ ~ 1f1 iJL ~it-. p~ 69 p~ -. ~j~ ~ ~j~, ~JtA-iAt.Z 7t ~~ 0
1~-J:)L~~~ ~1tt~lrfJo
lb ~ lb JJ.. ~ ~ ~ JJ.. -r r:8 Jb P!f,.
'l'J' .:f.:: 'l'J' ~'.J:, :;;s~.-!k :;;s~ R'.J, /r' IT~ 'l J' g
1 o
Hinh thuc trung di~p/ Tinh ru I Tir tuqng thanh I b6 ngfr + fr!J
1-tt fr-J A- J'a] T T It It fro 0
*** Khi nao cin dung .fro? Khi nao khong cin dung -R9?
Trudng h9P phai co fi!J:
1) D~i ru/danh ru + fr!J + danh ru chi v~t lam trung tam _ngfr
l!.?t~ fro -fJ B o
~~~ il9 :t -=r ~~~ ~n- a{;
*' ;J:-f + fr!J + tnmg tam ngfr (thuCm.g la danh m)
0
71
~ [Trq ill, d<)ng tir, trg d<)ng tir]
Trq tir: Mang y nghia ngii phap bi~u tbi chi c6 th€, du kha nang, cho phep ...
D<)ng tir: Du(Yc, tlc;zt tluqc, c6 QU'(YC. DQC la {-f (de). Hinh thuc phu djnh la ;f.{{/-.
J.!.;k=f~, ~.f.f 1 ~-- .t 0
.M.. -r ~ lm ;j; & }1s. ;f. .ff
.I
0
~~ifl'ti*!
(2) C6 ho~c khong c6 ~ d~u dugc, c6 nhiing tnroog hqp sau:
72
~~lb ~~ 'fi ( ~) 4~ ~ ~ fr-J JlJL~. o .
1t~:kf:kf (~) ~ 3J 0
sA tir
+ (J~) + E>9ng ill
hinh thuc trllng di~p cua C\lffi danh ru
' '
Thanh phln phia trtr6'c 69, ~' ff- Thanh phlin phia sau
I>inh ngfr (D~i tir, danh tir) fr-J Trung tam ngii (Danh tir)
Tr~ng.ngfr (Tinhtir)--- ~~ _______ f>_Q.ng_tir _ -- ..
Luy~n t'p
ChQn 1¥J, :l:li!, 1~ di~n vao ch6 trfing:
1. ~JJJil~U~~ff~~~~ *YP~ o
2. 11Btel.%fa:J1JE =f-T1~~0
- 3. *fl"2JL'J", 1/J\~- ~U!b?
4. Jiff*J~xlt~~tjc Mi.R:~ 7 o
5. ~-t-~A1itiJiftB ~%{9-~lJ~o
6. if~j:_m~~mnm iilJm, *®t9.1£Eo
7.11Bltt [j] ~~!
s. at±J]Um *Hi 7 0
73
~·
".. - ~ ,. . .I
(f{J~ [Ph6 tir]
Qua th~t, th~t s11. Bi€u thj sv vi~c khach quan hoim toan phu hgp v&i thvc t~.
D(mg tnr&c d9ng ru, tfnh ru lam tr~ng ngfr.
*
l!-14- ~ {r{J .JA ~t ~ _£j 0
d9ng ru ho~c tinh tir d6lam tr~ng ngfr. tire lam ditih ngfr, vi ngfr trong cau~
~ ~ ~ ~~ .f1J 7 ~ .JA fi-J i;!i '~ '
:k. ~ iif v:AJ}k_,~ 7 o (S)
~ ~ !~ ~~ .flj 7 .JA ·*' fi-J i;!i '~ '
1if v:A 7ik. ~~ T o
*-*
Luy~n t~p
2. ~f4~~\ , 11B.B~£$UJ:.~ 7 o
3. ~ ::f~Olli11B!JMtE1£JYJ~)Lo
74
4. 3! ~-t-{t!~rB<J±~ 0
s. J!f!~-'} Ef<J~FL~, o
6. 1fr\mEJ<J'tw~ ~?
7. ~Jf~4ttStf~, ~~1st*~MI¥JJ!Jt {~t~o
J! ~15"-o
8.
9.
10.
JZ{f *
~fuX'Jffr\
15fft~~~~~}J
#7G~g 0
0
11 [D9ngtu]
- Hidu, ·biit. C6 th8 c6 ph6 tir trinh d9 dung tru6c, cling co th8 cung cac d<)ng tir
khac t~o thanh b6 ngfr.
~~~·If' f.} 1t ~ 1~*i!_;ff-5tt ~0
~~~tt~X.i~o
!!_ *' fJ 1;t ~ •If 1 P_Ib ?
F9.J S [D9ng tir, tinh tir]
D9ng tir: Hiiu, biit. Tuong duong v6i 't:i. Thuang lam vi ngfr, b6 ngfr. Hinh
thirc trung di~p la'ABAB.
1~~~ a ~fr.J~~~o
~~~~~~a*,~A~~fr.J~~~, ~k-~~1~~
. .:(±.it1t ~ 0
i!.tEJil1~~~-~ ~ ~ 0
Tinh tir:
(1) Ro rcmg, minh br;1ch, ·di hiiu. Tuong duang v6i i-k Jt. Thu6ng lam vi ngfr,
bfi ngfr. Hinh th{rc_ triJ,11g cl:i~p la AABB.
~~ttk~ nJJ a~ fr.J 0
1~7t~~IVJ:P!~~~ ~ o·
(2) Cong khai, ro ranh ranh, khong c6 gi-la rna am, bi ~t. Thuang dfulg tru6c
d9ng tir lam tr~ng ngfr.
J.i-®- J:. ~ ~ J~ 1!; ~ AJf~ fr.J ~14- o
~a~~~~~~~, i!.k~±~~fr.Jo
(3) Hiiu biit, biit le phai, thong minh. Tuong duong v6i Jf~fl}]. Thuang lam
4inh ngfr, bA ngil.
1~Jt ~~a A, S ij{-~i!;t;ff-1~9:o
75
7M [I>()ng tir]
(1) Hidu ro,
trong long biit ro. Co th€ c6 ph6 tir trlnh d() dl:rng tru&c, lam dinh ngfr,
c6 th€ kSt hqp v6i 1 , ff.J, nhung it khi di v&i ~. Hinh thuc trimg di~p la ABAB.
~~1-~~~A, ~~~*~#-o
~ 1~~~t-ffi]L${,i!_Jtto
~t-J-~, ~~~1~~ ~j. lr.J 1 Mo
(2) Tim hiiu. Thuemg lam vi ngfr. Hinh thuc ~g di~ la ABAB.
-r ffil ~1n~-*~ g 1 M;tt~ff.J !i..ifi o
~~i{~f~~, ;fl,~Jtto
it#-**- ~;i~~~llfr.J 0
GiAng nhau:
- 'tf, n}] €I .. 1 M, ~ i!t d~u c6 nghia hiiu, bi€t. Nhung mire d¢ hiau khac ~au, theo
mire d9 tang dAn: ~ i!t < 'tf < ~ €I < 1 WI-
~ ~~J :t itt- ff.J 1~ ~ ~ ~ I ·tt 7 lJ.!b ?
~~it I 1Mi!.14-:fo
Khac nhau:
'tf [B()ng ru] Qj]tJ [B()ng tir, tinh tir]
- Tan ngfr clia 'tf thuemg la: ngon - Tan ngfr cila nJJ ~ c6 th€ Ia ly le, d~o ly,
ngfr, d~o ly, ley th~t; quy trinh, IB nhung khong th€Ja: _ngon ngii, Icy . th~t, quy
phep, v:y... trinh, IS phep, v. v...
'li~$ii .. tf:JJt~e"
tf**" JJij a Jt JJ." tma:f·mo
~~Ltt" 1fl!m" tf~t;J( ...... ~a~i..ii" ~ EJ~Lfto (S)
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - C6 tb€ di v&i ii*
d€ ~o b6 ngfi' ~ ~ li*
l!JT 1 #!, ff.J it, ~- -r -r- tt it (Hiiu ra, ng9 ra).
*0 (S)
- C6 th€ n6i ;iii, ~if nhuilg
l!Jf 7 #!, l19 iiS" '$..-r
17
-t-f!IJ ~ .i:t*-o
- C6 tb€ n6i ;t~ ~, ff~ ~, M!.IJJ ~.
khong th€ n6i t!!. if.
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - ·C6 each dung cua tinh tir, tire mang nghia
1~~k.ti ,?i.. ' JJtl ~ i.R 4~ :$:' ~t "thong minh, ro rang, minh br;zch".
ilt~)_tjf*o (S) 1~~.t ~ tJ ,?i. ' }Jij ~ i,R 4~ 7.:f.' )(ti'fi~
~l~~o
76
JM [D9ng 1ir] ~om [D9ng ru]
- Muc d9 cua 1 ~ bi€u sau han, - Muc d9 cua ~i! khong sau bing 1 foil?, c6
bi€u rfit ro. thS chi nghe qua, bi~t qua, c6 bi~t, bi~t scr sa.
~ j~Jt1tf:f:o A~ilJ!.1tf:Jo
- C6 thS tn.rc ti€p man~ b5 ngfr. - Khong thS tn.rc ti~p mang b5 ngfr, phai them
l!.14-:f~1f1~ T.M-~tJ!.o {:rj-,
Luy~n ifp
ChQn 'II... aJJ B. . T fi... ~Oi!tl diSn vao ch6 trfing:
1. 1!.1\ 1!1- A, ~ Jl:h mll! /F ffl fJt $ -tJt 0
4. :13:1'ift~!R.i:~9iPi1t1~{&- - - 0
5. flt~r~l! 1 0
6. ~--m/F , 1t~~~~&ts<J 0
7. 1!.1\ 'J"lWl¥.J~iE%fi!hn!b?
8. 1!.1\ 1~*$1 0
77
I [0401 .... ~~ .dulyii -... . tcr glla~~it
»t d.~~- . ,~ . . .~J
Xi [Gi61 tir, d{>ng tir, tinh tir, lugng tir]
Gi6itir:
(1) ... V&i, ... cimg, cimg v&i. D§.n ra d6i tugng. Tuang duang v6i *' foJ, thu(mg
lam tr~ng ngfr.
1t1f1t i\ ~~Jf..-pt~~ -iJLo
~ ;fro oJ- __k ,,ill .. , -:J:- • " ~l\1- ~l\1- 1 "
. --s~ ~~'""'.., :;e. :~.,. 'lJL ;a . 1:?J·.r~m •
vJ .... D§.n ra d6i tuQllg. Tuang duang v6i .xt-f, thuOn.g lam ti~ng ngfr.
* *
(2)
~~l!.--tiOJ ll!J£1f 1t i\·~ ~t Ji fr.J J~jJPJb?
~ ~ ~~J ~ >] fr!; ;fk;ftp ~~tl ~»ll 0
fl()ng tir:
(I) D6i xu, a6i khang.
Jt;.k. ~t ~ Jt fi !!F 1.. FA.~ tf f!l ~ .1.. fA. o
,j, *~ ~~tl-jf 0
(2) D6i di?n.
)iij" ~ i;i~ iE~ ;;t V!J ~}] 0 .
~J!*·Bt, ~Jf]7f~~~o
j (3) So sanh, diJu chinh.
~*~~fr!J~A~~, ~~~~Q~~1~~0
~~R~~T*=-o
- Tinh tir: Dung.
1t -i>t~~~R~ o
l!_Jtl:.~ ~~~~ 0
Luqng 'ru: Doi, c(lp.
Ji-lt.--~,~,~ fr!; *~0
l!.~ 4~kJJJJ ~*-~ ff.J 0
l!.Jt.~1n~-T-H1f~~ tr.J ~ ~ o
~T [Gim ttr]
VJ .... D~n ra·d6i tuqng. ThuOn.g lam tr~ng ngii'.
(1)
*
T 1'i' ~g J' _f_ 1£: /];:- ~ l!
I
~~1M*-T-~1..~~~~Iff.J:f~o
*'
~ 1Jl YA If; 1J-i>t 0
78
(2) Lam tva sach, tva bai phat bi@u, tva bai lu~n.
~~7-~«*~~~AR4»~~0
I J' ..£{f. -tit flJ J::_ if..* 1 - ~ «*~ if.."- ~JJ 10 a}] **i#-)) EJ~ 3:. -f 0
- Thu<mg chi d?.t tru&c chu ngil. - B~t tru6c ho~c - Chi c6 th@ d~t tru&c
M ~1'--19J il!, *- ~.J.t;ff 1t ~ d~t sau. chu ngiJ. .chl) ngU:.
~~? .xt~i!.~fOJ *-ri!.~~~~,
~' *- ~J4:7Pf 1t *- ~ J4: ~ 1t ~ -;t
~i;Jt? ~?
*- ~ ~ -r- l!.
~~9J~, J4:7Pf 1t ~'
*- ~ * 1t
j£ ~
f-l!. ~ 19J
~ ~
~ ~ Jt? Jt ? (S)
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ dung lam tva
bai, tl;ra sach; tieu d€.
!f ~£ Mtlliit (( *
~if~ &fr SJ ~G~t:*t
h ••• ·.~ •fr.J it fl}l)) 0
Luy~n t~p
79
·6_: ffit@*lJ*~' ~~A~~ff{&~-0~1-JlEf<Jo
7. ~~&!3k-* ~J¥j}JJj:Ef<J~o
8. ~}\.fflG, ~['a]~~1fl$fl~I¥J{tlJlo
9. Afl~3~' ~{fJ~,&.lJ!*JfX'f*1J='jtiJffi!o
10. t\t~T~ji «
~i¥J)({tEf<J1~7J\)) f¥JJt-o
(3) Trang cau khing djnh, oi6u thi sA lugng kha nhiBu.
;t:. ~
~
/.n •"- /.n ol-J.
'-.& ,~.. r-t- ,~.. 1!.~ ,
~ ,,,.
:Y './
l ..:#it ~ t:=7
/'--fll~ ~ IQ
1 o
(4) Trang c§u trAn thu~t, biSu thi con sA hAt djnh, khong ro sfilugng.
.I
'~~l!~ ?'":ttiJL~ !.'!'" 0
~~~~~~m•, ~$*Ja~~~
Ph6 tlr: it nhiJu. ThuOn.g lam tr~ng ngfr, biSu thi m9t muc d<) nhAt djnh.
-& jc.t; fr!J if; ' 1* §. ?'" ~f llJf JL 6] lf~ 0
*1~+A, ~~§.~~~~~~~~~0
JL [D~i tlr]
May.
Dimg hoi s6 luQ11g dum 10. D6ng thm c6 thS biSu thi con sA bAt dinh,
khong ro sA luQJ?.g.
1~fr!J IJ,~JL# 1?
ltik1~#<-i#-~ 1 ~-tJL?
1t1JlJL1'--!-~G it,, ~1nJL+-i-J:.*o
~ 111 *1- JL 3?:.. $t_ Jt tiJ ~ 0
- DBu dung dS hoi s5 luqng ho~c biSu thi con sA hAt dinh, khong ro sA luQ'Ilg.
- Hoi s6 luQllg, u&c tinh se Ian han 10, -Hoi s6 luQ11g u&c tfnh dum 10, dung
dung~ jt... JL, khong dung ~ jt...
1~ ~t" ~!.'!'"A? (S) 1*~t" JL o A?
80
~ Phia sau khong c~n c6luQ11g tir. - Phla sau c~n c6luQ11g tlr.
1~1f1 ~*~;t ~ !7. <1'-) ~!i?.
:.r 1~ 1f1 J;)£ ;t JL 1'- ~ 1.. ?
- Chi c6 th€ dung truac 1'-.... 1G, 7i. - Co thS dirng tnr&c +. -t . . 11, -t,
:k.~~11t~n~1t~ ; .. 11 A? (S) 7i . . -t7i . . 1i7i . . -t7i . . 1G······
*-~fr.J1#-~n~1tJL 11 A?
~ Khong c6 each dimg nay. - Phia tru6c c6 thS c6 d1;1i tir nghi vfin
~Jtt.:fJ1~%~k~ ~ ; .. *-? (S) ll}}~.
81
# Jl [Lien ru]
valc;zi, v6'i lc;zi. N 6i ti~p hai cvm d9ng tir v6i nhau, bi€u thi hai hanh d()ng d6 xay
ra cling h1c ho~c xay ra IAn hrqt. N goai ra, cling b6 sung them nghia ho~c bi€u
thj muc d9'1ll?nh han, thuOn.g k~t hgp v6i cac tir ~1£. .. ~1x. .. ~;:;.
k 41-- if it.Jf- ll it 1:!. 11!.-1'- Jt iX. o (hai hfmh d()ng)
1!.14-~;t<. ~{.a J9l y:kf, -Jf- ll1fr~ ~~£l1t. ~ o (ba sung nghia)
.I
I .Luy~n t'p
ChQn iiD 13... ft J3. di€n vao ch6. tr6ng:
1. ~1'M!m~*Wd> 11to
2. -~8~£-mfy:j iJE~~I¥J~I£1J¥~~X'jEt<Jo
3. {tB/f'{§.~q~ 7 ~*~~I¥J~~j!, ~£1tq~ 7~JM~~~o
4. {tB/f'{B~~i,!, ~~¥}(lfto
5. 1tk1F~ ~§3m~~o
6. {tB ~-;g~IE3cT~~~ JE.@-1£ffitJ{o
7. ~tB /f'{)(j~~ It:~ ryj 0
1 .... ····r···
[043] - er -
'•'".)''"•·•••''"'"'"'""'"' • •••"
PJj nang
"'"'" •.., ... .,., ... , .. , • • .,..,.,., ''·''.,'""'•''''' -····•"''""'' ·• ,,.,
I
.''o''"'''
= [Sfi m]
S6 2. Dimg trong:
( 1) s6 d~m: -... ..::. " ..=... a ...... -t..::... -t ..=. ...... ..::. -t ..::. ......
(2) s6 thu tg: ~- .. ~..::. .. ~-=- ..... .
(3) Phan s6: *,~ ..:.
(0.2) ... -=-~:t...::. (2/3)
(4) N gay thang: ..::. JJ ..::. -t . . -t..::. JJ ..::. a
82
M [s6 ruJ
S6 lugng: Hai. Dung trong:
(1) Tnr6c lugng tU ho~c tn,rc ti6p dung tru6c m9t s6 danh ru.
~ 1'-A, ~ ~-f.; , iJJ.j ~ ~ , ~ 4~-tJJ- -3-
~ ~ , ~ ~ , iJJ.j .k, ~ lf-, iJJ.j Ntl
(2) BiSu thi song phuang, doi ben.
~111 iJJ.j •tt·t~ •t3t.o
~~-*iJJ.j~$~~~*' ~~~*' ~~~*0
=[S6 ttr]
·- D€u bi8u thi nghTa sJ 2
w;i [SB ttr]
- Dwg tnr&c -t, 7], 1G; JT, p;l.j- dung :::- ho~c p;1§ d€u dugc.
. .:::..7] ~-f- ( iJJ.j 7] ~ -t ) "\ -iJJ.j JT (.::..jf)
- s6 d6m, s6 thu 11!, ph.an s6, s6 le, ngay - Kh6ng c6 each dung nay.
- •••••• ; ~ - , ~jl{j ""' ••••••
th.ang d€u dUng ..::..
.;_ "'..--,
~-r-
--·
- == ..... ·~- ' " ~----'"" ......
~. ·····-···· '··---···· ---~'~~-~-'·· :::..~:t -.;
....
-~t!J-.
~
--"'\ iJJ.j "'..::=-
-tiJJ.j ...... ;
~}J _ TBi a {S)
*l7 j1lj.' j1Ej 71- :t.- ;
'"'
..::.. JJ =-·a
- Kh6ng e6 each dling nay - Dt1ng tru&c luQ'D.g tlr, ho~e m9t s& danh tlr
.::::..14-, =-*' .::..4i1J;j, .::.._k, =-~, lam lugng ru.
.::..-t, .::..,??,4t v.v ... (S) iJJ.j_14-"\ j1lj *' iJJ.j 4jJ;lj '\ ~k, j1lj ~ '\
j1lj lf-, iJJ.j ,??, 4r v.v ...
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - BiSu tbi song phuang, doi ben. (Thu0ng
-~-t~
-3:.:: ' '\ .::..~ttt~·tt, ..::.t~ 'f* J.S la trumh ngfr, ho~c C\llll ru efi djnh b&n chfr)
(S) j1lj ±$1c_, i1li 'ft t~ ·Pt, iJJ.j t~ 'ft ~
Luy~n t~H
ChQn ·=-,
M di€n vao ch6 tr&ng:
1. -:fJG~~@] :K~i**o
2. 4-~~ }j + %o
3. ~{J\~i~~1~~ ~ 0
4. J1 7(~-J1}~~11J\o
5. l_m1£:}! ~ +1t 0
6. 1m~~ ~.EI.o
7. :fJGJ:.*~~ ~!0~fe$o
8. 1¥ll!r, :f!t~tt r:J:r IE M~ o
9. :fJtfffi: J T~]Go
10. rm*11J\~:f~ ey 0
83 .
. ~i!i [Tinh tir]
- Phat triin. Chi S\1' vi~c, S\1' v~t phat trien a trlnh dQ cao.
J!~J,i.rJf ~iiAtl£-~o
*-mJ.it-t-£~a9 ~ ~0
I J\ ~:i it~ A.~ Jlt~it' ~ ~ fijj .!f!- o
:lt.Jfl [D{lng tlr]
(1) Phat triin. Chi sv vi~c pMt trien, thay dbi ru nho d~n 16n, tir don gian thanb
phirc ~p, nr th!p d€n cao.
~-r*J.it-t-£Jl 'f ml ~0
~Jl#~tt~, Jt~~~Y~~~Z-o
(2) Ma r9ng ve quy mo, tb chtrc.
~~~~~~~~~~~T~ml~~o
oc*~*~~Jl~~~,A.~*~~o
~~Jo
!~ ii JL ~}] tf.J 4ft~' ~ {r!J )Jiij JVL~~ ~ ~.t ~ jlJ
!}- o.-
*·tt ~ ~Jl jlJ l!.~
Luy~n ti-p
ChQn itJi, ~~ dian vao chfi trfing:
1: A.fJ i*Vh~'M~5.l001¥Jtit~Z..---o
2. ~1n-A~iliJL1¥~ flJFJt:1::~JJJ~YI 0
3. ~1'-:l:tl!rR B<J~im~F1it o
4. ~fJ:u[§lJ mi*~3JJtJtt8<JfJt~1i*~1tJ!I!~~~o
5. -A~~~---tF~mG?:Efif~J:fl ~mo
6. ~ ~£Vf, 1tJt~ ~Yf-~o
84
7. Elt?t1tka<r$~11! , 1.EI~iP~:l;f7 ~'i*o
8. fX1fJ0i§Jit~mJ~t$ 0
9. ;&~~l.m1~1ti¥J:m~W:~z~o
10. !JZ,~mre ~£Vf=~1£~-11l.o
85
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ d(rng d(>c l~p gifra hai phan cau,
JG~1tt1t ~ *' 1t~ jJ 1' ;;tt phia s.au c6 tb€ each quang b~ng ddu ph~y.
;{f n\ :r}] {(.; *JL~' .&. iiQ ' 1t ~ ~ jJ ' JG-i'B-'ftt1t ~ *'
1t~ fJ 1' :ft~
:f.t1t Z.1t~~;t o (S) A .W ff.J ~ ~, ~ .&. , 1t /G ~ fJ , -n.t
1t~1t/G~;t 0
- K.hong c6 each dimg nay. - Khi .n6i bai S\f vi~c, S\f V~t. dfii l~p, mau
~ >J ;fo ~ ,t /G 15l /G ~ ~ , .&. thuftn nhau, mang tinh triat ly, bi~n chtmg,
iiQ, 't 1f1lt.X*m #J.-ift] {(.; o (S) thuOn.g dung *~ Ji., khong dung Ji. r7i1.
~ >j {P{t,t/G15l~;t ~ 1 *Q.&.,
't 1lllt X *m tiJ.-iftJ ff.J o
Luy~n--t,p
L····-·-.... --··-- ...7. ·Tn······ [~~_lil_ ~-fli_!l -:::::: _1!!1 h,ui . . . - ··-··· -r - . j
~ [D(>ng ti:c]
vJ, tra vJ. Bi€u thi y nghia v~, tr& v~.
. 1~¥-f-..r±.-=- R. J6 ~ ,y, o
~~ 1-*~_ij~jJL~o
* Kat hgp v6i ti:c don am tiat, nhu 1!. ,y.. . . ~*£, neu muAn kat hgp v6i tir hai am .
tiat, thl phai dung ~ @1, nhu ~ rm ~e, ,y.. . . ~ rm tt *£.
* Khong kat hgp v6i "*.
4~AtlR~t;t~~.W-!-7 o (S)
86
§I [D<)ng ru, luQllg tir]
D9ng tlr:
( 1) TreY v€, quay v~, v~. Tir nai khac quay v€ ch6 cu, tra v€.
r~Jl, ~*li1~~1o
r i}fL€7, ~Y! til~ o
(2) Tra lai, h6i am. ·
:kt *:kt .]}}]
~ j§._ li11-t 1 0
~~~J' ~ ~ ~t£;·-i-5 0
LuQllg tir:
(1) Ldn. Chi s6I~n cita hanh d~ng.
~-} ii~i~f.M- JL t.W ~ 0
(2) Sv. Chi sv vi~c.
{!{.~~{:1j" J!.OO•:fo
(3) HJi. Chi chuong hbi trong tiSu thuy~t.
" 3- ~ ~'Jr. "X_ " %tt :::. U!1 0
Luy~n t~p
87
1. rn -=:r ¥fXl ~ EJ<J**,
m:~:m ~ ¥~ 7 ?!f1ftt ~IE Ef<JAA* 0
s. 1m~f!t1ni.JXXJJ:ET -*tt ~0
9. ~~m ¥, ~fi~fftiE-®i$ln~?
10. JAOO~ri'~ @JJ§, ftB-1IftSJ~~~*o
*
l!.- lf.J ::t&-1- ~ll ·tit lit ~.fjf 7 0
88
- Chi c6 th€ - Lugng tir c6 - Lugng tir c6 th€ la Ja] , .If--. - LuQllg tir ·dung
dung luQTig th€ Ia faJ , JiJT , 1!.1---% -t :fr \!}] 1--}} raJ , fa].
tlr ~- ~-- 'i'i, ~-- pJ§1--IIl<t, -~$Jf, -
l!. Jtt Jt ~- 1'-4S~o
.& :t~ Jt. -t- l!_Jtt Jt-t
;t tJ{1 ~ j_t 0 ~k-t-:t-tr.J
l!. plf Jt Jtkk
-='fLo
.&it~~ l!Ji;f Jt-t
~~~~ it~~~~
f/.Jo (S) ~~ft.J 0
Luy~n ti-p
ChQn J% f§] ().¥.-=f), J%-=f di€n vao ch5 tr5ng:
1. 1m~u~r--~~JT 0
2. ~1'- !Wj~~.=E~ffi] 0
3. ~~ --· ~:ff;\mo
4. .~~ . J§it1£~~!J\YilJo
5. ~%~'m~l~~~ P}Bo
6. ~~~m~1fW§~5:: 0
7. £1Jf~7~J\o
8. ~~lttmJ:£--~ 0
9. ~~--ffiJg~~~U~ftEJ{J~A- - o
10. 1ll\1fJ1f3: ~?
~~*,~-1-~~~~~~*' ~~1t~~~*oc*~+~
~a9-+o
j
~f{~f-~+~f"1.;J.a9o (S)
- Thu(mg dung trong van - Dilng trong khAu - Thuang dung trong khAu
viBt. ngii va van vi€t. ngfr.
90
[ Luy~n t~p
Ch9n :tfl{l, 1~ 5_f di€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. ~ JJ~ lrp H~ fEP , 1-tk11'J - xt ~A 1~ 1¥J o
Tinh tir: Lr;z thud'ng, quan tr9ng, a{ic bi~t. Bieu thi khac v6i thucrng ngay, le
thucrng.
JJQ.,-f}_ ~ ~f '*" at $JJ , it %~i. ~ !
i!.JLA~~,fi., :~& I$J!ff·'f o
ft{ [Ph6 nr]
RAt. Bi€u thi trinh dQ a muc kha. cao. C6 cac .each dung sau:
(1) f>(mg tru&c d<)ng tlr; cvm d<)ng tir· ho~c tinh tir (~R + f><)ng ti'r I Tinh tu).
N €u c6 trq d<)ng tir ( ~, tJ.. ii, ~) cfing dtmg tru&c trq d9ng ru.
* .fR khong k€t hqp v&i m9t s6 tinh tir nhu.sau: Jt-iE, -ij\~, 7-j(~, } k; 4t,
Ji<. , )ifr. , ~ E7 ~ $:r. $s-fJ~ , i~ ~th ~th •·••••
* .fR + tinh tlr, dli'ng tnr&c m9t danh tir ho~c C\lffi danh tlr, phai c6 av' (trir -fR% ).
*-:t" ~rp~~_g_~x. lj' ~4) 0
mr ;m ~~~it ito
~~~!f. ~ ~ i!}J JJtl A o
1iE, Jt- -1'-~tl/ff ;fL tiL ff.J &fr 1- o
91
,(2) D1rng sau ~, lam b6 ngfr.
1t it.; ~X. ii-tf ~-f.fJ. 0
m [Pho ruJ
Kha, hai. Chi muc d(> tuang dfli cao.
Jt;k.:;f~-~ it.; 0
~-$~k~iJj<.o
+~ [Ph6 ru]
Vo cung. Chi muc d(> cao.
~~it ~5Ct A-111 69-ft.At-tfl-~;flj 0
ti [Ph~ tir]
Rdt, qrc ]o/. Bieuthi d~t muc cao, d~t den-dinh7 diem~- C6 cac ·each dimg-sau:
(1) D1rng tnr6c trQ' d(>ng ru ho~c tinh tlr (.t& + Trg d(>ng ru/ D(>ng tlr). Neu c6
trg d()ng tlr ( ~, &. -ii, t!J).
* .t& khong ket hgp v6i m()t ~A tinh ru nhu sau: .$t-..iE ... * ~, :1j<.~, ) *-; -it,
~, )~, ~ E1 , n. i.r.. tr.J , it )tb )tb , -t -TIt ;t ······
* .t& + tinh ru, dll'ng tru6c m(>t danh ru ho~c C\lfil danh tir, phai c6 tr.J.
1t~*"iif~~tm:t-**1 0
1t~ !J!a•tJco
(2) D1rng tnr6c d(>ng tir, phia sau phai c6 tan ngfr.
~~~ 1: ~~ ~~ flJ ~t ,y. -~ 0
I 92
- Khong c6 - C6 th~ ·dimg v&i - Khong c6 th~ dUng v6i _z._ .ttl!...
th~ dung v6i z ._ .tt.
:t.._ ~- JXt i- 4f '*" z
~'\ .k ~4f'*'.i~
~~0
- K.hong th~ - C6 · th€ trllng - Khong th€ trUng di~p.
trimgdi~p. di~p len thltnh ~ f
~~~'*"·.
~ 4f '*" .:ff '*"
~,·*~ f!l il ~ 0
- Khong co ~n chs nay. - f)(mg n;ucrc d()ng tlr, d()ng tt'r d6 phai mang tan
iMiM, A~il I 4F'ft-~ko ngfr.
;f\ -t?t- I t!.rf-e-~~JJ"lf.J, ;Jf*-~*
- _.t.;t ~ifi
**
0
~-it%~kl!.#.i- J~ 0
~ C6 th~ di ·v6i - Khong th€ divm -it div6i ,. C6 th~ di - .Khong th€ dfm.g sau
phudinh ~- phu dinh ~ (trir phu dinh v6i phu ~-
1;t~;f-f1tt ~f~~:kt). ~ dinh ~
~~~:kfo. 1~ ~ ;f-f 1tk ·~
llilt-ft~~~ ~f 'f:kf o (S)
jf-1u 0
~1ti
~lA~o (S)
*.:ff '*"
Luy~n t'p .
ChQn 1~ ._ ~~ W;" +Jt di~n vao chfi tr6ng:
. 1. ~Vmliili!JJ-1*/G YJ- 0 .•.
2. ~:}({tB{fJ0~£jfJ ~"&o
3. ;(£ 'tw(5L-r~11'J/G1~~~-i1i/£o
4. 1llit!-1' ~twi¥J;J\1k-To
5. Jt*fffi.Jr!fEf<J~ /f~o
6. ~X'j~tJ(~t~B{]~~~· - -~~0
7. )3: -1'i~i!1$ffl1~:f 't~~ 0
8. ~*00-B]f ~}j(j'fi,~~tJ(~JX.¥J1tJ:o
9. Uff~tlM,ijJJffi:~~EJ<J¥~.L~,, ~ ~~0
10. #)C.'l<.ff.!*~ 1 1f~}J, /.f~~:fe.1<1r !l<..o
93
I. ,_.................... ,........ , .. q • •• l~?.~J..~~ g~n~In. -.. ~~ gankua.~
a~ [Pho ru1
- f!hanh, ngay, mau chong. Bi€u thj t~n dl;lng thCri gian, ca h()i, nhanh chong himh
d9ng.
~~/\ ,?i, 1, ~~~~~1ttatt&.1 o
·•
Jff~ [Pho tir] Jff~tR [Pho ru]
- DSu bi~u thj t~n d\ffig thOi gian, ccr h9i d~ lam vi~c gi d·o nhanh chong. Lam tr~ng
ngfr trong cau.
- DSu dung trong cau cfiu khien, bi€u thj S\1' h6i thuc.
- Nhfin ~nh vi~c n~m bitt thai gian, - Nhfin m~nh ddy nhanh t6c dQ, nhanh
ca h9i nhanh chong lam vi~c gi d6. · chong hanh d9ng, khong keo dai thCri gian.
~~~Pt/~it-!-fk1: o ~ 1n~·tk: m~ p~, ~~~~1 0
- co the dting d€ diBn· ta nhfrng hanh - PhAn nhieu dung trong tnrbng hgp di~n ta
d<)ng chua Htm ho~c da lam nhfrng hanh d()ng chua lam
~- T i*- :ll,~ ~ fcJ 1<- 1: ~~-!- o ~·Jk:~@,, *~tt.illi 1J 7 0
I Luy~n ti-p
ChQn M~...MltR diSn vao chfi tr6ng.
1. atfEJ/flfL T __t~n(g!
2. A$jtl1fT, 7f~n~!
3. ~~A__t$, 1m M}f£*il:~o
4. ~1$:~ 7, ~~nzn~ I
5. 1$ 1T1'EI!it, rlll rllJ11B;k$JY3~~JL2~~~$o
6. ~7f~nm1m:7g1t~u4~ *0
7. ~l'"ffi 7' fe:&B~J&Jtt*o
8. 1E1'F~{$:JG, ~{fJ~-*~Ef!~o
9. :*~~ 7, ~{f] ~7f:l!JLP~!
10. ~:ffli1J\.~tfr, i!PB!
94
. ·'"' . . . . .r~?-~L. ~.~ . 5~u~~. ?. -~.~~-~- ~~~~l?.~~~~). ~.. ~tl.?.f. ~a~-~~ai H" . . ,,. • •. .. J
~tl (~tl~tl) [Ph6 tir]
(1) Vira, vira mbi, vita v{in, vira ilu. (1) Chi S\1' vi~c wa xay ra khong lau. (2) Vua
dung luc, khong .sam khong mu()n. S\1' vi~c, s6 lugng, thai gian vira dung Iuc,
vira v~n, wa du. Phfa sau c6 ;f,t, X., c6 khi dung v&i - , t~o thanh ~']-.
~ Jil t] * o/ llil w' .
3!.14--RJJl1~
fo]f VA ~5l i~i>f.Al ~ .t. *f 0
Jillt]*f' ~ *-~ ,J, 0
:t- Vrp i#-i3R,tr.J fo -tf1r<.'J'' ~ Jil t] Pf VA PJf J1L 0
(2) ~JIJ ~~J la hinh thfrc trimg di~p cua ~ 1], bi€u thj ~hai gian xay ra S\1' vi~c each nay
gfin han, m6i han so v&i ~ 1]. Cach. dung va y nghia gifJng nhu ~ 1], nhrrng ~Jtj M1]
khong th€ k~t hgp v&i -. ·
~Ji!Jtl Ji!JtJ 3ft tf ~, --J:JJ:t~j{f:-fl1ftfij !io
1~ Ji!Jtl Ji!Jt]- tl:f fl, ;1lz.1.Jtj ,J, _f. 1 o (S)
~U;t [Danh ru]
Vita r6i, vira mbi, vira qua. f)(mg tru&c d()ng ru, tinh tir ho~c chu ngfr d€ lam
tr~ng ngfr, c11ng c6 th€ lam dinh ngfr. Bi€u thi thai gian xay ra sg vi~c each nay
khong lau.
Jil '] :t ;ff A~~1~ o
1~ Jil tl :;f -!-P}]~ JL 1 ?
Jil tl :t 1r<.~, J~{.±.*f% 1 0
- La ph6 m chi c6 ~h€ dung -La danh ru, nen c6 th€ lam tqmg ngfr, con c6 th€
tru6c d()ng tir, ·tirih ·ru lam tr~ng l~m djnh ngfr nfra. ~··
95
- Phia sau khong th~ di v&i - Phia sau c6 th~ di v&i nhitng tir phil dinh.
nhiing tlr phil dinh. 1~ "~ ~ ~ ~ ' J~{±. )l_ ;if 1 0
1~ "~ ( "~ "~ ) ~ ~ ' J~
.{ijl ;if 1 o (S)
I Luy~n tip I
ChQn ~u (~u ~u)" ~u 7.t di€n vao chfi trBng:
1. 1$~~fJi7.f@]*, lj\£ JEP~o
2. ~~¥1~~/GA/flj\, · ~m:o
3. 1tk1e B<J$~7 0
4. 1$ ::ft£8<Ja11!~L BffiBI'.I*fjGf$7 o
5. 1m~tf~JL,_ -~~-~H~mt::f ~ 7 o
7. ~-1'~1-)C¥: ~~~r=+ Ao
8. l]!_t~ _t~1L mt1~J.9l~7w~~o
9. 1$ ~~/fl~o
10. ~tEN~ -f.¥, Jtt-=f~~1~~0
1
·-~~ ·--·· -~·a·· .,
[os21 mgen- ~ he - ..
~·~-~w~z ~y ··--z·---~~·'"'· -~--··· ~- --~·="'"·p· ~~-1·
.& ji
..
-
··~--T~--,;--~-- -----..--~···
!j yu
~~s~-·-~g---m
-·-..-··· .
g~~--~·r-H~ ~-
1
~~-~-!-Pti?io
~-~~lAl.Ro ' ·
a'f R.. fr.J ~ )~~4-- R..1. ~% 0
Lien ru: Cung; vcYi. Bi~u thi mAi qJ.mn h~ giua hai nguai ho~c hai y~t la binh
dAng. Cfing c6 th~ bi~u thi mAi quan h~ ph\1 thu9c,: khong binh dAng. Thanh ·
phAn tru6c va sau c6 thS la danh ru, d~i tlr, Cl)lil danh tlr.
1*·~~ :it~ .J!l A llJb ? (Mfii quan h~ binh d~ng)
~-~1-tf 1 -'*--.f.; o (Mfii quan h~ ph\1 thUQC, ~ ph\1 thUQC #,}
96
f;O [Gi&i ru, lien ru]
Gi6i ru: Va, v6'i, cimg. Cach dung nhu "*"·
~~1t-~1t9:i'Jio
~#,~~~A-#, ~~~*~~~0
Lien ru: Va, v6i, cimg vai. Biau thi m6i quan h~ binh d~ng. N~u li~t ke tUba d6i
tuqng trcr len thi d~t 6' tru6c d6i tuqng sau cung.
*"
~ 111 it /r'- ~ $J] J:_ 0 if' Jl] ~' ~JT iJ ;fp ~X.~ v:E/ fl i* 0
(2) Khi lien k€t v6i cac tinh ttr, nhftt la tinh tlr don am ti€t dbng ngbia ho~c gftn
nghla v6i nhau, it khi dung ;fo rna chuyan sang dun& ilQ... X...
~:t ~ ff 1~ x..~tk: xJt ()
i\.$-ff{l'tk:*';f.to .Cs)
~ 1n ft. &F ~1tt i'J ~Y r1Q tk o
(3) Thanh phAn ·phia tru6c va sau ;fo d~u phfli dbng b{), khong th€ phia tnr6c la
danh ttr pbia sau la d9ng tir ho~c tru6c la tir dan am ti€t, sau la cvm tlr cling
khongdugc.
I
J
~
*-. ~ :i~~tt ~ *"*' ~ .o
(S)
j (4) Khong lien k€t duqc cau ho~c phan cau.
~~~~*~*~~m~~~~o~
1 It [Lien tir]
I
I Va, cung v6'i. Y nghla va each .dung ciing .gi6ng v6i ;fo. ~hung m6i quan h~
I
giua cac tbanh phAn truac va sau co khac nhau, kbong con Ia blnh d~ng nua.
\
I
i
I Phia tru6c se quan trQng va mang tinh chu ySu bon so v6i nhfrng thanh ph~n
lien k€t sau. Va tr~t tt;r nay khong hoan dAi dugc cho nhau.
I
1. EJ *;f.¥.,, jf:{t . . ;fL4bJ1lJJJJ~~t{t{r;fl*- . . ~?.,,~$~~ 7, 1t:fJ
~~1t~~lb?
~ *~ 49i *ll:t- Vifi ~~~tl *I~~ 1.. 0
97
~ [Gi&i ru, lien tir]
Gi&i tir: Va. Tuong duong v&i ~~.
a'fst~l:j ~*~*~rr 1 o
%%1:j~~-k!bittr.J-i~, ~~iG{f.'~ ~o
Lien tlr: Cimg, va. Chi c6 th€ lien k~t tU ho~c Cl)lil tir. Thuemg dung trong tl;ca d€
cua sach, bai l~n ...
~~1~~1-'*- ((~~~~1l:))o
~~~~' *~*~~~~~Atr.J~~o
ph\1 thu9c. C6 th€ hoan dfii vi tri cho th€ hoan dfii
K.hong th€ hoan dfii nhau duqc. dugc. Nhilng gi quan trQng, chu
vi tri cho nhau 1t ~ I J:i ~ - ~ -!- y~u dtcng tnr6c, con l~i khong
dugc. P~ o (binh d~ng) quan trQng bing, dtcng sau.
1~~1~4:-pe,o ~%~XPt~*-'*j! )(-it .a :lul :kR$ *" 0
. ( 1;f- phl,l thUQC va di ~I ~ ij iii 0 . (binh d~ng) :lul :lul£ )( ~;i~ -i:- o (S)
theo -ft)
-Thanh ph~n tru&c Khong - K.hong - Chi c6 th€ lien kSt danh tir
va sau t6 th€ la lien k~t dugc c6 gim ho~c C\lffi danh tir.
danh tir, d~i tir, cau ho~c h~n nay. l!..il ~ i! 1~ fr.J ia] *·a~~
Cl)lil danh tlr. phan cau. ~o
- Thu(mg dilng trong khAu ngii. - Thu(mg dung trong -van viet. Nhdt la tieu
d€, tl)'a d€ sach, bai, v. v 0 0 0
Luy~n ti-p j
98
6. ~ ·tti£fJ§--t~;t1zJiffi 0
9. ~~~-~~m, ~~ ~~~~~~~~0
1o. oo oo z.JSJ B"J~±~ >J 1~*I1ll:k~:ff 0
., "'" J
if [Pho ruJ
Con, v&n. (1) Bi~u thi sv vi~c, hi~n ~qng dang tiSp cli€n, con keo dai. (2) Hanh
d9ng d6, sl,I vi~c d6 t{ti di@n, l~p l~i. (3) Dung de nhfin ~nh trinh d9 sau ho~c
nhy, nhfin ~nh nhi~u hay it, s6m hay mu9n.
;M~ i:; i~ -t _::.If?, 1 , ~Ja:1f_·;.fj- -fJ o (ti6p diSn, con keo dai)
~#~:k_tfll~ 1, AJa!-*ll~-~1-o (taidi@n, l~pl~i)
~+A~:k~T, -*-t~~A, *~ttm~*Ho
(nhfin m~nh nhi6u hay it)
N [Ph6 ru]
(1) Nua, zan nua.· Chi S\I vi~c, hanh d9ng l~p l~i, ho~c se l~p l~i, se xay ra, trong
m9t khoang thm gian nhfit dinh, mang tinh quy lu~t.
~ aJj 1f- fL}] -1t *- ~ ~ ~ iX.. i~ 0
~~~~~*-~~' ~~~~~~~1o
*
-fJ Jb ~ il: fl7, ~1Jl a}j _klf*P~o .
(2) Sau t/6. Bieu thi hai S\I vi~c lAn luqt xufit hi~n.
~7t*.S~1~.tr ~~?111f, 1~~-!- ~tJ4itf o
~~~~' 1t*~~' ~#~~~~0
!.·1· Y.. [Ph6 ruJ
:,,,.·.
Lr;zi. (1) Chi sv vi~c, hanh d9ng xay ralAn thu h.ai, l~p l~i lAn thu hai. (2) Cling
.,
c6 the bi€u thi hanh d{>ng d6 xay ra va l~p l~i rfit nhi~u lftn. (3):__ Ci1ng c6 the chi
'·_:_, hai hanh d{>ng lien tl,lc thay dbi cho nhau. (4) Nhi~utinh bu6ng, hanh d9ng xufit
"'
99
~ [Ph6 tir] M [Ph6 tir] Y.. [Ph6 tir]
- Hfmh d(>ng l~p l~i - Himh d(>ng l~p l~i d6 chua - Hanh d(>ng l~p l~i d6 da
d6 chua thgc hi~n. xong, sip xay ra trong tuong xay ra, da hoan thanh. Sgl~p
Nhrmg hanh d9ng d6 lai. Khong c6 the hi~n khi l~i d6 thuemg mang tinh q uy
sexongs6m. l~t.
- C6 the dung trong - Khi dung a the nghi vAn, phai c6 nhfrng thanh phftn khac
cau nghi vAn. nhu bA ngfr, trq d(>ng tir kern theo.
~m~1, .it ~~~~~x.~Jt?oo
11~~P.±._7 o
(S) 1~k~.:pf-iJL-i&P.fh?
1~.st.·~~~~?
1~~~~Jt? (S)
- Khong dilng trong - C6 the dilng trong cau cAu - Khong dilng trong cau du
cau du khien. khien. khien.
1t ~ ~ .it~ 1~nUP~ 7, ~"~~P.±. 1~ n'J "~ 1 , .5l p~ ~ P.±.
.I k? 1o J o {S)o
- Khong c6 each - Bieu thi hai hanh d(>ng ldn - BiSu thj hai hanh d(>ng IAn
dung nay. lugt xay ra. Hanh d(>ng d6 lugt xay ra. Hfmh d(>ng d6
c6 the chua xay ra ho~c phai la da xay ra ho~c da
dang xay ra, djch la "sau hoan thanh xong, cijch la
~,,
uO. "k;zi".
~ ..(±. .ffi ;f-j: 1t J:. if 1
,t , .5lAJ:. -f o
- Khong c6 each dung· nay. - C6 thB chi hai ho~c nhi~u
~.it~J:.~' .i£.~~1'F' ~~~~~o (S) tinh chAt cilng xuAt hi~n, hai
~.f't~J:.~' .f't-~~1'F' ~tl~~~ o (S) ho~c nhi€u vi~c cung xay ra
i!_;ftjf: *-3!.-tf-i£ttt o (S) cung luc.
i!_*f~*-.:pf-tf-.}fttfo {S) ~)l~J:.~, .5l~~
1'F' ~tl~~~ 0
100
Luy~~ t'p
ChQn 1J. ~ X di8n viw ch6 tr6ng:
1. ~~6f£1&flt7, ~:7( ~U~o
2. ;r~:tir~!J~, 1$ · ~l::-14:k~U~o
3. {tEJI'f:l(::f*J:.lJ¥!, ~:7( . ~*o
4. 1mJ!JWi1"Fxa7 ~, ::f~oma7g;d>i@.o
5. 1$)16?}}~$, . *!!t%UZiio
6. PJT.j!JJ!~~~L~,, ~ ·~ %o
1. !it ~m,. pZ{t~~?
8. ~* ~£M~ 7·0
9. ~ ~~4;;, /F~&l~, -EJt-/F}E±~o
1o. ~11'Jf~~t 71f~ ~~*~~tn~ o ·
101
kE~ [Ph6 tir, lien tir] EX~ [Lien tir]
- Khi la lien tir, d~u bi€u thi nghia hay Ia, ho{ic Ia.
- ThuCm.g dUn.g trong cau nghi v~n. -cw co the dung trong cau trkn thu~t.
1t p~ :ft.~)(. tr~ trJJt11f-? P~:ft.~;ftrJJt11f-~1t o
- C6 each dung cua ph6 ru, khi d6 mang
nghla "win c~n, win /a"
R.. ~ ffi {Ji iJL 4- R..~~ ~ f:F:J 0
- Khong c6 each dung mly.
It ~ ffi -trtiJL 4- R.. ~ *
~ f:f;J 0 (S)
3. 1$11']~$* ~$*?
4. JJ~JL~~~:-fjili, ffl\1fJ~$* *-**~PJ~o
5. ~9fP.)(.iJtj~JJI!, ~ /G'tlo
6. ~:R~£M;\ £M~?
.I
7 . ffJ\ ~ ~ 3!71<. 4 jttJ::~?t/F~? .
8. £JtJt7c, fJt ~ 1£*
1t }~, ~~Jmjy:_~~~~t.&o
9. {m~MA ~A?
10. .1m~ ~it :ttl- 8{] M1§., 1,reE~-Afjt
-I m o
lr2~~~/f).~~-~~~~~t;:~?w-=, f~~~-~e~;uE~~~--J
Jf (:;f) ~~ -[Ph6 tir]
- Khong di dcmg gi, kh6 khan !&m m6i .... DUn.g tru&c d9ng tir h\m tr~ng ngfr, bi€u
thi sv vi~c phai trai qua nhi€u kh6 khan tr6' ng~i m6i c6 the xong dugc, phia sau
thu<mg c6 t di kern. Hinh thuc phil dinh "*1- ~ ~ J; va hlnh thuc kh~ng dinh :kf
~ J, d~u c6 each dung va y nghia nhu nh~u.
~~~~1, ~*~S~t~~~~*k~&o
~~ 1 ~ R.., *S~ t .t~!1Ji!.*-4S o
*-~~~~~~~·-1, ~m~~~~M1o
fll:/1'~~
- Khong di dang gi, r&t kh6. ~~~~~; la cl)m tir, chi S\1' vi~c phai trai qua nhi~u
kh6 khan tro ng~i m&i xong duqc, thu<mg lam vi ngu trong cau.
~~1*~+~~,~~-~~~~~*~~0
~~S~~~~~~-~~~~' ~~~~~~h~~o
102
- B€u bi€u thi ngbia r&t kh6, kh6 khan l&m m&i lam du(fc. Nhung c6 S\1" khac bi~t v€
each dung.
Ji;.k.~iRAR~fi, ~.jt~~lb l*t~lb :&.~o C&*! T) t
itlk~iRAR~it, 4~Atl~~Jb t :&.~o C&.~ 7)
r-------~--~------~----~.---~-------------·-
- D(mg tru&c d9ng tir; lam tr~ng ngfr. Khong - C6 th€ lam vi ngfr.
lam dugc vi ngfr. *~*t~X. i%.~il;f:*-JJ o
Luy~rl. t~p
Ch(;>n .. P-:171'$~·, q&/G$~·-·di€nvao-ch5tr6ng: ·
1. tJ~~~ 7.r"fA~thJ1~JL T M$U)ttwo
2. ft~~~~~~mAm0- 0
4~ {tBI¥J-¥~:k~' ~J:.o
s. J!1' B -=f NJt~U 7 o
6. JL~~tt~n ~q:. 0
103
~~ [Pho ru, tinh ru]
Ph6 ru: D9t nhien. D(mg tru6c d()ng tir, bieu thi trong thai ghtn rAt ng~n, S\f vi~c
ho~c tinh hu6ng bdt ngo da xay ra.
~14-* ~/'&{i~flo
j£!£l!.Jt~.*'t"k, ~~Jtl~fl~f!o
~~ [Pho ru]
- BBng nhien.. Chl c6 the lam tr~ng ngfr.
jt-:if-3/'&~lj-$-, 4-£ ffJ A.~~{!1J o
1t3~.i16~*-, ~gtJ::~1:-i-7 0
m?c& [Pho ruJ ~~ [Ph6 ru, tinh tir] al~ [Ph6 tir]
- DSu bieu thi nghia d9t nhien, bBng nhien. Nhung mire d() bdt ngcr d6 co S\f khac
bi~t, tang dAn theo ~ire ,~.. ~ < ~ ~ < l~~
./
*"
~ 1n JRAi iE ~ ff.J at 1~, ~f&f,t.. f!tl&t& r ~f:F:i *- 1 o
- Nhdn ~nh bftt nga - Nhftn ~nh S\f bftt ngo . a - Nhdn ~nh bftt ngo d6 ~P
d6 xay ra trong ch6c muc cao hon so vm ,t{.. f£. d€n m()t each ~nh b~o
lat, nhanh chong. nhAt, amuc cao nh!t.
-Lam tr~ng ngfr, d1rng tru6c ho~c d1rng sau chu ngfr - Lam tr~ng ngii, chi c6 the
/ · d6u duq9. dt'rng sau chu ngii.
1t~~J,t.f!~ 10 1-t.fl.f!t ~ 7 0
Luy~n tfp
ChQn t@~' ~M diSn vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. it*4tmoo~, ~t~ 8<J$'two
2. tt~~*FB<J$'ti, ~~~Ufl" ~JL_ _ o
3. 1tkiJl5gijl5g' :k~~*o
104
4. MJE:f~* 7 o
s. u;rr~~1~}~1,, !lt~~u~~~- - -
6. Jj~~~ ~7~*0
7. ~1~iJi~1'1~)~!,*1~::t 7 0
1................. !~~?.1___~tf;.!!~.~~~=-i!~.!!.~.~-~~~~--~--~.tf:.~~l!~~-~~~---·--·········J
~ft [Tinh tir]
V9i va, v(Ji vang. Chi- trong long Io· l~ng, no~ nao nen hanh d9ng g!p _gap.
Thuang h\m tr~ng ngfr. Phia tri.r&c khong th~ c6 cac ph6 tu trinh d9 nhu ~fk. .. .::k.-.
~ f ~ v. v.... Hinh thuc trllng di~p la ,t..t. •ti: •ti:. Chi c6 th€ dung trong diu tr§n
thu~t, khong ·du~g cho cau c~u khian.
~~iJlJ 1;t-lr.J ~ i-&-;J\-it ,t, •J'i: ~~ *- 7 . 0
:;t ~ill 17~ 1;t ,t. •J'i: .f!J ~ 1J, II} 1:- r (S) o
~~+~A~*'~.i!~M~*~&o
:t- ~ill 17~ 1t .i! ·tt: f'J ~ 11, ~ 1:- r o (s)
~~~~;t!f_~~~~ ~~~~-~~~~0
105
;Et·tt [Tinh tir] mtt [Tinh ruJ :i4·tt [Ph6 tir]
- f)Su biau thi nghia v9i vcmg, gdp gap, v9i va. Nhung do tir lo~i khac nhau, nen
each dung khac nhau.
-r J!)I{-t "ffl ~ •11= I l!•11= I ,t, •f'i: M-!- ~ ~~ J: ~.st. iti* o
- Lam tr~ng ngii. -Lam tr~ng ngii, bb ngii. - La ph6 tir, d(rng tnr&c
-ri*, ~"fft,~·l'i: - r i*' ~-lbt ~ ·l'i= .d9ng tir.
1t,ttlm~7 1tM lm ~ 7 o .f.l .!1J ~i!f .t , ~ill!
*
o -
•J'i:, ~~i!~*~JLo
- C6 th€ tnlng di~p. - Khong th€ tn!ng di~p.
1~ ~~ ~~ •J'i: ·Jt: Pt 7,?!, )Lt&.lbt J:_ })1 7 * 0 ~ l! 3!: ~- 1i: Pt 1 ,??,
{~ lq ~ •f'i:•f'r:Pt 1,f?, JLiJi;fi-i:- J:})£1 o JLt&.;Yl~ J:J!)l 7 o (S)
.: Tinremg lam--tr~ng ·ngii·· ~ Phia tru&c c6 th€ c6 cac ~ Phia truoc khong the c6
trong cau, khi lam tr~ng ph6 tir trlnh dQ ~f<.' *- cac ph6 tir trlnh d9 ~f<.' *-
ngii' phia truoc khong th€ v. v. .... v. v.....
~*-~f-*.~·11=1' ~.*Af .t.l!•ll= 1 , *-
c6 cac ph6 tir trlnh d()
~tL. k v.v....
~J~Af.k.,~fi:1, *-
* ~ Jl.jll ::k. ~ ~ jjlJ 0 ~ Jl.Nll -k. ~ ~ jjlj o . (S)
.I
Luy~ntip
ChQn ;Et ·tt, ~·tt... ?J1 ·tt dien vao chfi tr6ng:
1. ~fu -t:~1r 7 0
5. 1m~~ r~o
6. ~-T~m, 1m -t:iw:k~o
7. fJt11'J)(}J1m::f~ 1r$o
8. 1m11'J ~rPJ~~-t&~:l:tl!:lJ 0
9. ~~T{I'J~~yrp* J 1 JlttJtt~~o
10. r:J:t ~~ 7 ~.9! 1'1 0
. 106
... ·-· . .
\ii"??tZ"'7"M'' -~~.?-~t-~ ~-J~~.~~~
T' ,,'I'.,~
~- ~j!_ .~-a~~~ng-
. .·- .. _,. •ei .... Mtt
... . .. .. .ganmang
. '"~'· 1 ' ' .. . I . rm we
~tt [Tinh m]
V9i vii, v9i vang. BiSu thi vi gAp rut nen d9ng tac, hanh d9ng cli€n ra rAt nhanh.
-~~~~*~A, **&~~ff~~o
-PJTiJL/\.../i, 1, 'f~~~·J'i: fuJ~l:~~-ko
J!ft [Ph6 tlr]
V9i vii, v9t vang. BiSu thi d9ng tac, hanh vi di€n ra· rAt nhanh.
!t ~ 1-- ;t- A_J:_ .$- ' 1~ ~ ·Jt: il: & 0
107
( Luy~n t'p I
ChQn :§·l't, J!·l't, ~~·tt·tt . M·tt dien vao chfi trfing:
1. $J:.:k1Jf, /Fij'\J~\~Jjjlj_A~~, i]t mtxo
2. ~~U1fA*, 1m · :fEtfo
3. 1m*~~* ~J·*1~$3F®o ,
4. UJT~U1f.A~f1, Jj'* -!:7ff1~
5. roB~@J~!J%~ {~tffi.o
6. 1m~~~ :l:ti!M$., - - -L~o
7. ~M*~*' ~-t2$ T, - - - ·~Wo
8. 1fi\-T-~~*F 1¥1?
9.
10.
~J]l!,~j::Jt: tB-¥ *~,
~ftkJJ~
_c_ ru- frlJ frlJ
~*F=f, ~~Xtl:\1t~-J o
* m 0
- N goai ra, c6 th€ k€t hgp v&i X..., ~ t{lo thanh k€t c!u c6 dinh, J!k •· · · ••X...······ I
J?k •••••• ~ ••••• ·lien k€t hai phan cau, bi€u t~ nghia vira c6 thtr nay, vira c6 thtr kia.
_I. :t- ~ifi J:. i*J(t. 1. ij] ~ ;ff ~ 0
~~~~i§-, ~~~lio
let~ [Lien ru]
- Da, dii v(iy. C~ch dimg cfing nhu f!X., dung trong phan cau ddu trong cau phuc
nhan qua. Phan cau sau cfing thuoog c6 cac ru ~' ~' ~' ·JJ~ di theo d€ t~o
thanh k€t cAu: da v(ly ... thi,.da v(ly ... con.
~~~~~~ ~~~~~*~*~~~M*o
~~1t~!'&*~ 7, JJ~~~:fl~-iXAt~ 1 o
~~~-~*~m~~, f.J~~~~*~~~?
108
~Jt [Lien tir] I ~l~ [Lien tu]
- D~u bi€u thi nghia tla, tla v<ly.
~a/~~~&A~, ~A~~h~MA~o
- Chi c6 th€ dung tru6c chu ngfr. - C6 th~ dung tnr&c ho~c dung sau chu
~Jlf, F1 ~1t-!-, ~t~~il1J1JA.-i- ngfr d6u dugc. N ~u hai. phan cau c6 chu
1o ngfr gi6ng nhau thi d{mg tru&c chu ngfr,
~~F) ~-1t-!-·, ~t~~il1J1JA-i- con n~u hai phan cau c6 hai chu ngfr
To (S) khac nhau, thi d(rng sau chu ngit.
Jttf!k1t~-;} J:. i*-, 1t~~-{;;PEo
1t~Zi,~~* J:. i*-, ~:rt @7-!- r 0
- C6 th€ k~t hqp vai X..-. 1t t~o thanh k~t - Khong c6 each dimg nay.
ciu c6 djnh, flk··· X..···/Jl.t···1t···lien ~Jli.~Jf.&_fl}] 5l~ii.o (S)
kSt hai phan cau, bi€u thl _ nghia
vita ... vita ... , hai sg v?t hai hi~n tuQ'llg .
cung tbn t~i xu~t hi~n.
~a lf.~ a}] 5l i-li ii. 0
- I>img trong. ~~~ ~i~t- . . - Dimg trong khAu ngil va van vi~t.
Luy~n t~p
8. ~tB · ~m~X~1~o
9. ff]\ § 6;fi:-1Jti]ft, {f]\~~ fJ~jt}jq~ff]\Ef<Jft-f"ffJ-iftX~P~?
10. ~tBJE7t~Jf7 § 61¥1/t~~, ~-/j';f$I[RI¥J-BJ:*X~-/j'~
~ l¥J'lfiD * 0
109
1.. -. · [060J ~* ji~~-gbii -_. ** ~eilai
~* [Danh tir]
Tuang lai, sau nay. Chi khoang thm gian tuong d6i xa trong hrong lai.
~:Qlfr.J~*' i!.£;fi,Jt -~~;tto
1+
~*-¥t-it 3!. ~ ,e_, !
~ *tm i!t %f-. it 1t 1f11f- ~A. 1tt _i_ft-J o
** [Danhru]
( 1) Tuang lai, mai sau. Chi khoang thai gian rAt gftn ho~c rAt xa trong tuang lai.
~ $1-{Ji -%--it: *-*--=- -t llEl 'J, at Ji'J - ~ ~ ;f:f .t~;( o
~ 1f1 xt ~* £ 5fii ~ o
.* *
~ tm i!!: !f.- Jt 1~ 1f1-f ~A 1t9: _i_ {(.; o
(2) Turmg lai.
1~1il-~ ~:11 ~*ttr.J~*-0
~ Doog trong khAu ngfr va van vi~t. - Thuang dl1ng trong van vi~t.
-, Luy~n tfp
1.
ChQn ~*... ** di€n vao chfi trBng:
+=~J"a1~ii*ma<Ja1~tl, :k%~11m+=?t~fEPo
.
3. d>i¥JL~i!flllEEt9 · o
110
L. . . -= ··-· .J~~.lt~Ji!n~ -=--~-~~ll.o =-~~an . w·· ___ .... .j
11f: [B()ng tir]
(1) N6i, giimg.
11!;11!; i4-~1f11#- 1 ,--t-~t
-r -t- A ~%%~4-~
*
1!11#-*
0
~ [B()ng tir]
(1) N6i, bcm lurjn, thao lurjn.
1t i~ i~ 1t ){t 3.!.14- ~ a9 :$ i! 0
Luy~n t'p
Ch¢n iJt, -m, ~ ·di8n vao ch6 trflng:
1. :*:T-~1'1~J!, ~* !Jt~~Y!o
2. /J\I:R"*7~, ~11B~A 7-~0
3. ~ ~~:lf'1r, ffr\ti/f'PJT 0
4. *~WfiB"JiJf!. 1~1t!~iifJ o·
5. AJ!~ 7 L~ ~~' £}tEJ--7[@J*o
.I
6. a_t_t, 1&$~~A~~~~:iil. J~'o
7. ~ffJ~ Jtf!§, fL&l, J!j::c,
8. P§ff]* ~fFB"J~1tf:P~o
9. ~yrp, ffJ\~~{fJ ~1'~~~Jfl¥!o
to. ftkffJ T --~~~, S:J§~~fl.X7 o
1
. -~· ,.,_ .. , ·•··• •• r
[062]
·''·'··•·"•<~t-~"••o
~'if jinguan -. ep~ jishi-· §~ suiran
"'····••• "'-~'"''•·"·•·- ·~·•··'•·'-~~:--•·•~~') ·-·--·-e~~.~'~'•"""'"'-""''~"' •-~''"''~-"·••••• ·~·-.•·~··-•-•• '~""'"·-~•"T~~·•· ,..,,~,,
1
112
liP 19! [Lien m]
(1) Mi;ic du, du r&ng, ddu r&ng. Bi€u thi gia thi€tva nhugng b<}.
flp-ft~1t1f-*, mG~~.iJ~/f:{to
flp-{t1~iJL4t\-1, ~)9:~1t~*:$o
(2) Mi;ic du, du cho. Bi8u tbi gia thi~t vB m()t sv vi~c, m()t tinh hinh khong d6 dang,
khong duqc nhu y mu6n.
.flp-ft.{£-~~*0
~«~~~~' ~~~~~~~*~~0
j\f!k~~~~~~~h, ~~~~~~~~~0
(2) Tuy, tuy r&ng. Bi8u tbi ngir khi .nhuqng b(), dt'mg tru&c ·chu ngfr cila phan cau sau.
~i£~1 lm1i", ·· Ji-fik~~-;..k_·1J.IPJ·~
~~~~#~~~~~~fJk~%A~~~~o
~~ [Ph6 ru, lien ru] l1P1! [Lien tir] Ei1t [Lien ru]
- Beu la lien tir, bieu thi ngfr khi nhugng h9, co th8 dUn.g a v~ tru6c ho~c v~ sau.
- Bi€u thi thua nh~n m(lt S\f th~t nao - . Bi8u thj m()t - Bi8u thi thua nh~n m()t
do. Phia sau k:hong dung cac ~~i ru, gia thi€t. sv th~t nao d6 .. Phia sau
m my
ngfr mang y chl. flp -ft at fa] khong dung c~c d~i tu,
J!.'f at fSJ~R ~~, ~1f1-~?tj{t1 ~r<.~~, ~1n~ tlr ngfr mang y chi. my
$J]~n\ 7 if-~o ~ j{t1 $JJ 7t A J\f!1~~*-~7Jo,'
J!.f" at I'SJ ~ ~ ~~, ~1f1it7't. if-~o
~ J•
~~ ]1.1
~b~:r.:
:.r. ..i>.. ,J;C., ~
a·,.\:'. . .
n~ SL
:kt1 $}j ~ .11\ 1 if-~ o (S) 1~*0:
J\ .f!k iii~ 3¥:. ~ -JJo ,
~1·1 ~b.::r.: a ..-\-: ..::..
~~ I ::r
"A XC .r(. n~ ~
1 ~*-o (S)
- C6 th8 k~t hqp v6i cac lien tlr !if - Khong c6 each - C6 th€ k~t hqp v&i cac
.it.. 1!!.Jt. ' f~ [IQ v. v ... dung nay. lien nr ~it .. 1!!-JL .. f.~ ·
~*r rm' 1. ~~1f1-lt-*-!-o
8 Jlp-ft r r.m, [IQ v.v ...
1.a 7't. ~ 1f1 ~ !\ fik r f:F:J' 18 it.~
~-!-o (S) 1Jl-\t~.:k.o
113
-u pho tir, bieu thi cu yen tam lam - K.hong c6 each dimg nay.
vi~c gi d6. Thuemg khong dim.g trong
hinh thuc phu dinh, ciing khong k~t
hqp v6i cac trq tlr d9ng thai 7 "' ~"'
.ii.
1~ ;tr :f ~" -iJL 1±1 *- 0
Luy~n t~p .j
Ch<;>n jg If"' liP ft"' !a~ di€n vao ch6 tr6ng.
1. J(%~~ff§t, *B~~&fl.t7 o
I.
R*&
[063] ~JJj jingli -. ~if, ji~~~~~--.JIJ.i tiin~gu?_A ___...,...:".J• ._ , , .
- fl9ng tu:
( 1) Di ngang qua nai nao d6."
3!.~ ylJ .$ ~g. it~~ .i:t~r<. %.t JJi -t i! 0
1~ 1ll-i- ~JL Jh ~ Jt )A l!.J L ~ito
114
(2) Trai qua. Phia sau c~n c6 tir chi thai gian lam tan ngit
~~~*~~A, ~~~~~~~~~To
~it-.k -R, 1~t f'J Jii-k !!1 o
ru: Qua, thong qua (sv ki~n, ho~t d9ng). C~n mang theo tan ngfr la d9ng tir,
Gi&i
danh ru.
~it -it iB- , . :k. ~ ~it..-: 7 iA. iR
*
o
(2) Thong qua. Thu gi d6 dugc hinh thanh, thanh l~p, l~p nen saukbi c6 Slf nhfit
tri d6ng -y cua nhisu ngum .
.;~ 'h ...:~:f. .J.-1;- )J.. :JJ. .!~ .!..4-
~I.A..fi:j /f~'l\!!.1/~~.J..::L..o
..It
.t.~.~ J ~):Pl lftiX.o
Gi6i ru: Qua, t~ong qua. :b~n d€n phuang ti~n·ho~c phuang phap nao d6.
itlt~Jl~J; J fijlf.~tt IJLo
iii!~ 3J -JJo i* 7 iAiR a
i!k~-i-lfl!l
fH !¥ ft-J !.f.~ 0
- K.hong c6 each - va ~t thai gian ~i! chi - K.hong c6 each dimg nay.
dung nay. SlJ keo dai, vi V~Y phfa sau
cAn k~t hgp v6i tir chi thai
gian.
ttl! Jllj 1f- ir-J at Ja] ' ~
*-T ~11\ 13!.'*-~ 0
Luy~n tip
ChQn fi:}Jj... ~n... Jm.tt diSn vao ebB trAng.
1. 1: --t-Ht~a , A"?R 7 m{j(-tlt J¥. :k ~ o
2. J!*~~EJ<J~1tkt£q:t~M~EJ<J*5.t o
7. J!J9lt)(~S~ 7 o
8. 1ffi~i1{~~9fpi¥J 0
9. j(~ · ~fJf~~tJf~o
10. JAi!iA~l!ijm~~~~ rEJ*~ o
it [Ph6 tir]
(1) Chi. {1f + C\lffi d{lng tir.
1~ 1n it ffiPi :t -ix3t,
;§ at faJ 1 o r
~&~~~~*~1, it~T~~To
(2) Luon, luc nao ciing. i1t + C\}ID d()ng tir. .
1~-*.*l}}* 7, if-.ff¥efBt Ja] o
1~ a.t J:. it~ 1k' a R. ~ 1i J*.ttb :.tla 7
1
0
116
~:/! [Ph6 tir]
Luc new ciing. Bi8u thi y tinh tr?ng, S\f vi~c d6 da duy tri m9t khoang thai gian illti.
*l! ~)#.:]:~ 1t ' "- ~ :ij- f; ~~
JL ~ ~:t- )l}l±.-t ~ 0
0
~~~~*~~~' ~*~~~~~0
l(tJ. [Ph6 tir] .
( 1) Chile co, chile phai. Bieu thi u&c dmin, do{m chirng.
J!~~~' ~~-+£~t~~*o
l!~~~~ 1=1 -11 -t JJj :t 1 p~ 0
i!+iaJfr.J mi}~~~.ff~fkJto
(3) R6t eu9c se, cu6i cung se.
tjtj :f- ~~~ , IOJ ,t[ ~~ % fQlt. l}t ~ o
~{f 11t4-~ 1' 1~~~-'f-;ft 10
<•
*
- Khong c6 each dung nay. Khong c6 each
itt- -iaJ fr-J mi} ~ 1:t- ,,
,&+. -tt + ~/
' i:s1...
'J!-
+ d"Qng ttr.
' dung nay.
it.~~ a}] E7 o (S) D€ nhftn ~nh ngllla "luon". l!. -t- iaJ tr.J miJ;;
l!. -t- iaJ fr-J mi} ~ ~~ ~ ~~~)t~~o/J E7 0
~f!JJ~o (S)
117
- Thtremg dung trong khftu ngfr.j -Dung trong kh~u ngfr va van vi€t.
- Nhfrng cau dang dung 1t c6 th€ thay thS b~ng :t- Jt., ,& , ,& Jt..
1t- ;k._~l\:; 1 '
.-.1;F;k_tJL,.:.; 1,
* ~ ~~ 0
;t-)l/~~~~~Jl~ ~!f-o
- Nhung nhfrng cau dang dung :;t- Jt., ,& , ,&, it khong dugc thay b&ng It dugc.
~~~~)l~*~o ~~~~*~~~oOO
~~tA~~JtJJ~~~~tto ~~~tA;tJJ~~~~~tto (S)
Luy~n t~p I
Ch9n -~ Jik.. .~, .~, J! di€n vao cb6 trbng.
1. 1m ~A~~o
2. ~tB ·. 3JZDrm~wo .
3. ft~~~~A~~ ~~ft~r£~~fflo
4. 1m ~5tmw~**ffi~*Ao
s. ~4~ 1£ J!zv o
7. ~~M- ~***m~-#~~~£Mo
.I
8. 1m W. xx § uJ\ § fi o
9. -"fWZJ§{m -i;:f@n~~-~0
10. ftffif§1m ~~~~fJltl:i~%~o
118
m~ [Ph6 ttrJ
Lc;ti, lgi c6 thl Bi~u th!.sv vi~c khong nga t&i, trai v&i le thuang .
. 1~Jk~?M~-k.~a~Uii~if.to
1~ Jk ~ 4l:j :1\ i! ~1~ fi-J ;fL ~ ~!} 1 o
·~~~~*~~fi-J~~' ~*$~*~Jo
·~ ~~ m~ /G~4
[Ph6 ru, d9ng tU] [Ph6 rir] [Ph6 til] [Ph6 rir]
- D~u la ph6 ru, chi s1i vi~c xay ra m9t each b~t nga, tra.i v6i le thuerng ho~c tnli v&i
suy nghi cua ngueri n6i.
- f)~u khong dung ph6 tir chi mire d9 aphia tnr&c.
- Con c6 th€ la d9ng - Khong c6 each. dimg nay.
tir chi sv vi~c da
xong, hoan thanh ..
~1i1~~n\~.
~a~:f=~o
- Khong d(mg trucrc chu ngfr. - Doi khi c6 - Luon dung tru&~ chu
r JJ~ ~ *- fm ' ~/ ~ f!k 1* ~t l1Jf th€ dt'mg tru&c ngu.
lil
/LJ
o (S) ch.u ngu.
"" lJ. ~
.,\!!J ~ ~ -r-
~ J , ~~'u' b7
& if:O
r
JJ~ ~ *- k 1-tt~%*-J:.i* r,
fm, Jk~1* ~tJ-1~*A1-Jl~o
5! 11lT ~ 0
- Dung -nhi~u trong - Dung : nhi€u - Dling nhi€u ·- Dung nhiSu trong khftu
van vi~t. trong khftu ngfr trong van vi~t. ngfr va van vi~t.
va van viet.
Luy~n t~p
s. 11B ~~~lli~~1Jnmt§J IE 1 o
I. __ 7
--wzsm · [O~~l ~}!!~hu;_-~Jt !!W-~!::Z un zzrw_.• j
!W-& [DQng tir]
(1) Nghe n6i, theo, theo nhu. BiSu thi theo nhu Uri nguOi khac n6i, theo nhu ngubn
tin dugc biet.
-~,~~~~~~~~~~~*To
-~~a~~~-~~+A~ft~mro·
~ ~ iJi1t1tt ff.J TlE1 Jl'l ~, .iJfAtl~lt. o
(2) Theo. Theo ngufin tin tir bao chi, truySn hlnh, did, khi sir d\lllg phai tach ;fl-·· · · · •
-iX. ra .
.I
• ~ ~ ffi {lliJL' aJJ ~if~~~ r f:f:i 0
(2) Nghe n6i, theo, theo nhu. Bieu tbj y nghia nghe n6i, theo nhu Uri ngum khac n6i,
theo nhu tin.ri.ghe dugc. Phai.tach ra thanb "Jf ...... -iX. khi cftn d~n ra nguOi .n6i,
ngufin g8c CUa tin tlrc duqc nghe.
~£~~~' ~~~~~~~~~~Wo
'9fiJL~~+ A ~ ~ tm 1!17 o ·
I
120
- C6 th~ dftn .ra ngufin tin da xem ho~c da - Khong c6 each dung nay.
dQc dugc. JrJf ((A J;\ El ~It)) fl9 ~~~&it, 2012
4/k ((A!:\ El {It)) tr-J ~~ ~&iJL, 2012 -fJ=- jt iii if%~*~ it- :tk ~1t o (S)
-+ *
jt iii %-*t-?±. 1!1 fu ~ 7¥-1t
- Khong c6 each dilng nay.
0
Luy~n tip
ChQn iJiSi~, ll}Ti~ dian vao ch6 trbng:
1. tRJ§Efzv~, miufL+fLo
2. ;J,$~1~~~)( iE ~ff~Eg.Xlo
3. 0* ff! B<Jwr~~&J§S 0
6. _(XXJJ:._,. IXXJJ:.@~ffi?ff~~MffiUo
7. ~1ft~ U&-~-Jj{J.:g-¥iJt-~ . ft~ /fttJI&~ffftBB<J f:t!JJ~ 0
~------·-rr·-,·---~2ZL~.~j!;l~-~i.~---=-~~~. ~~!-··-·····--·--~..r-·"··J -
t}t~ [D()ng tir, danh tir, ph6 tir]
t - D()ng tir
(1) Quy€t iljnh. Bi~u thj nghla quy~t djnh thgc hi~n.
~**~~~~~~,~~~~~~~0
f?k f.Ji:. ~ M: );it·~ 1 , v.A J§ :Yl ~ ~ J§ ~tit o
(2) Quy€t iljnh. "A ;}t ~ B" bi~u thi Ala diau ki~n tien quy~t chu d~o cua B.
itfl iJ i}e: ~ h~Jlt 0
-*.ttiJt~~ 1t- 0
- Danh tir: Quy€t tljnh. Chi m()t ~ng van him hanh chitlb.
~~i)t~~~~~+~~R~~~1o
.i&Rt?JJf :1£. 1 ~fj- ~ *= ~ 0
121
I
l
Ph6 ru: Quyit tljnh, nhdt tljnh. Bi~u tbi quy~t dinh thvc hi~n, d~t tru&c d9ng m.
1~/Jt~ :±: 1!1 w~ 0
~1f1/Jt~i-#1~o
tk: G'
1 [D(}ng ru, danh ru]
D9ng tir: Quyit tam. Bi€u thi nghia h~ quy~t tam, kien tri thvc hi~n.
~~k~~·-' ~~~~~~~4k~o
~
~
?R. ..k: ~~ -r Ja..
,.., nx.. --''Jl ,.,r, ;q , la a llh .: ~ ....JL , ... ~ Ja.. .~a 'li..
·1-?<..'f\!:Jx.t.:.IA 1u !.:f" X.J lA.lp o
Danh tir: Quy€t tam. Bi~u thi y chi kien dinh, quy€t tam
:f: ~ -r ~ tJt ~~ ~~1i-~*'-f- j(l ~ o
~~tl~~~J!.17)-)jt,~;f~ ~# 0
{}ciE [D9ng ru, danh ru, ph6 ru] ~~L' [D9ng tir, danh tir]
- BiSu thi nghia quy€t dinh, h~ quy~t tam - ThS hi~n quy~t tam, mong muan
th\fc hi~n. thvc hi~n.
~ IJt ~ ZJf 1L -t-1-\ )]j ;t 0 ~ /Jtl~ ZJf 1L * 1~)Jj ;t 0
- C6 th€ d<)c l~p lam vi ngfr, khong c~n - Khong duqc dung d<)c l~p:
mang tan ngfr. l
~*~~~~£~ wr-1sZJt o
Luy~n t~p
122
7f~ [D9ng tir, danh tir]
B9ng tir: Blit tl{LU.
~~t-7fM;' it :k. ~**0
~~~~~' *A%a~~-~a~o
Danh ru: Lite a6u; kh6i i!6u.
jf:W;' ~~ t' n\1~ a~_;{iX.o
Jl§f]] [Danh tu]
Danh ru: Lite a6ur thog.t a6u. Thtremg ~i chung v&i ~J§ ~ J~~.
1~~;fn F1 ~, J;t~;t ~ 5l.&.xt~?
~~;in /G f-l}j ~ ' J~~ ~ f-l}] ~ 1 0
··itifn [Danhtir]
Danh tir: Lite a6u, m6i tf6u.
~~-~~~~~~*k, ~*5l~~T~~o
~ fJJ [Danh tir]
Darih tu:· ·rruac·aay, h6ia6~ ·xua kia. Bi6u thi khoangthoi gian-trong qua khu,
gi6ng v6i v.A #T.
~~~/G~~~~~,~~~~~~o
123
- BUn.g tnrcrc d(>ng ru, chi ·- Khong c6 each dtmg nay.
b~t dftu thvc hi~n d(>ng tac. ii J:. fi-J ~1! 9l ,ta~ *- ~~ 7 , it .!JC-M- o (S)
J:. .t.J... ·~ ~ ..... .. .::£. •b 7 . ..:i1l.. (S)
A
o •b ~ ..:ss:. J.l. .::£. •b
t.I'J i"j!. _!n 11 ".XCi ~ i"j!. o J:_.t.J...
A
t.I'J i'/i. !Q .... ~ ~ i"j!. ,
·~
lR .X Iff o
7 , -it4c-# o ii J:. fi-J ~~ 9l ~ ~ ~ i~ 7 , it4c-M- o (S)
I Luy~n t'p I
ChQn 7f "Mf, ~W, :1:*)], ~ :fcJJ dien vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. lj\~~tl ~JE~fJt' fl!k{itJ~1it .Yl!.Ef<J$ JLo
2. ft B<J &~~~~, m*ff.Jt1f gJ Lm G' 1
0
3. ft -\Ai~1tEJ!;ff};+l, jj~fJ1{~~{fJ~}Eg~~lffo
4. ~ ~1fJB<JB-T:kE1f!x~$, tJx~JHl~:f:tl!Jt\o ·
5. 1j\.* -m~-:JJU, J§*·x~3tT±·~o
6. ~~~B<J~-*Jf~ fJil-B<J~*ifJiJrtt\Ao
1. -w.x~o -ffJ\~mtq, l.m-tE~ff.Jt~~~~~~~£lll! T 0
s. B<J~R~;E:i~J~~~d>~xt, A:%~;£~1!£~0
9. ft~1tB~1t T +$~ T, ili/F1r, 'tl'tlff.JtM-It9* To
.I
10. jt=a=B<J*1~~&!¥~~-t-Wfa<J:I:tl!1J ;_A~ 0
124
Trg tlr: Thit xem. D~t sau d()ng tlr ho~c d()ng tir trung di~p, bi8u thi nghla thu
lam.
»~ ~J~ a) iE~~~~JfJ; w' 1~-!---i~-i~~?
.:~ a ~ m1l ~.k,...J.J.I.r.J..J.. 7t" Jb ~ ~..£
~~-'IX..""~ J ~ 'A ·1ox. I=I'J ~, 'I•J' P\ P\ ~ o
~ ~ [D()ng tir] ..
Nhin thdy, they~ Bi8u thi ket qtia eila d()ng tac nhin.
~*~~-+~A, ~~~~~~**A~~~o
k~~~~~M~~, ~~~~.M~~~o
~4'--r mfl ;t *-
l!.:J JL1~;l ;t ~ {-f?
**r o.
- Lam trq tir d~t sa1:1 d()ng tit. - Khong e6 each dung nay.
~~ 1f1-i~ i~~' ,&.iE-tt~}t t 0
Luy~n t'p
ChQn ;g, ;g _m di~n vao: eh6 tr6ng:
1. ftpt~ -1- xx~ll63f Eg *~ o
2. ~*~tts1ti::k~ ;j\*5f011B}(J.JJt~:t£-IE9o
3. 1fT\§ a 3f3}}P6, · ~Jt~~1fr\o
4. 1fT\ , JJ~Jtl~ Af*fi~ 7, 7 O!b?
!I 5. Pjf-JR;J\3::{:±~7, rlf-Pgl{fJ~B7.k*-*--1tBP~o
6. 1$1'~1'~ , IW~*T~~f!]r, -;E~~AiUAo
7. T &? t.J~-'t~H~~I¥Jmt~P§1fJEJ{]Jt~~yrp o
8. ~a_l~1fJ/G ft~ 7, ~1fJ-*-Fm-OK P6o
9. -t:1f:~ ~atiJ §J' ~if~S~~::ff?itjJ:io
10. ~~~l±i:JZtfl~~w~-T-t:, m:tt%.m.{g~A- - 0
125
[070] ~* kanbii- *JIY* kan qilai
~~T kan ..yangzi
. ..
,
- . .... ~ l:: ~
.
kanshangqu
..... .
#* [D9ng tir]
(1) Xem ra. NguCri n6i danb gia, phan doan dga tren tinh hinh thgc t6.
;l*-, ~1f1 )_t~tJL~~1"f 1 o·
*
tA. l!14- ~ *"-, 1t lt. -1'- ;ff -t if-~~ fr.J A o
(2) D6i v61. BiSu thi dling tren l~p tru6ng cua nguCri nao d6 trong -l±. ...... ;.{*·
~Atl% A~*"-, .1! ;fLJt ;fL ft fr.J 4t J~ o
$. ~;$ *-' 1!.14- :f Jt. ~ Pf ~~ fr.J 0
#181*
( 1) Xem ra ..Nguoi n6i danh gia, phan doan~ d\l'a tren tinh hlnh th\l'C tB.
;t~*-, ~1f1)t~iflt~~111 o.
~~*' ~##~~~b~~*~~1o
(2) Trang, trong cove. BiSu thi xet tren ve ngoai.
1~Jt~*-~EZ~~, ~tlZ~ ~~0
·~;@.*-+at fr.J f.F:J Jt.~ ~1-.f- tr.J o
.I
~~-1-
Xem ra. NguCri n6i danh gia, phan doan dga tren tinh hinh thvc te.
*i!.~*'~#~+*k~~T~ff.Jo
~#-t-, ~~Al£~i~i$teo
Trang, trong cove. NguCri n6i danh gia, phan doan dga tren ve ngoai.
1~-P3-j?J.:.i J:.-!-;ff 80 # 1 0
~* [fl9ng tir]
- D€u la d9ng tir, dau biS':l thi nghia xem ra. NguCri n6i danh gia, phan doan d\l'a tren
tinh hinh thvc t8 duqc quan sat b~tig mit thuang.
~i!.~~' ~#~~~Jt~~T~fr.Jo
.ki!.~Bt, ~*.~*k~~T~tmo.
.ki!.~~' ~~*~~Jt~~T~ff.Jo
.ki!.~~' $J:.~+*Jl:.~~f~~o
- D6i vai. K€t hgp sir - K8t hgp sir - C6 thS chen - Chi dung dS danh
dl)ng v&i ;(±. ... ;.{ -*. dl)ng v6 i 1t ... ;.{ tan ngfr chi gia nhung gi duqc
BiSu thi dirng tren l~p ~ * khiin ngirm vao giua nhin thfty ben ngoai,
tru(mg cua nguoi nao cho ... ' trong co ;.{ ... {1-J ~-¥- 1-. khong dung danh gia
126
d6. ve. ~1~~*-f nhfmg gi qua suy
-1±. ~it*, i!At IP~i!_~~
5t ~ ;.r.. -7- *T1t at k lu~n.
:f:/G:kJ-fiJf'*o 6 a~ ~g-r-, 1~ 7tR-$- 1 o 1~ -% % ~ J:. -/;;
-: Tr6ng. K~t hqp su ~~~~*-!Zit i~ARlt.$io
dvng v&i )A···:$*-. Ao ;t J: -:i:-1~ :xt )rh
hl~~Jlft6~· ro -1Rffib ~~ (S)
~
*' 1~~~~!Lk~i
•-.:...- / ' \ 0
~r.¥-1
~ 0
Luy~n t~p
4. ~mx~i51t1§~ J!:ffi~ 1 o
5. -~fuS"J_, ~f{t*-J~~~i%~lRo
6. fAiE:Jit , J3:r.mit)GU~~w*1~$M~o
7. llJTiJ~Atfr~¥JZJ~~79 T ?~ llJT'Ii JiO~U, 1-fuxtEt'!IJ ~~1ft~~~ o
8. 1$El"J , ~Wt~nm1fl\1~·tl3~¥U1tho
9. f.A:9:AS"J~J!J:. , 1tt~~:7517W::IJ11JAo
10. ~~!LBT, 1lli~:l(.X~JJnYIT o
I, , - ismiwwidDr¥· · * w i +u·
[07.1]
m· p , ;
3 kao-
f!le••ftiNf&n ....
1t ping
•m~M\f't!liai'M·'"tm'!oPf'if#ff'
I
.. '"fi1t&"""'m3
127
(4) Dva dam, nha vao.
~~~~~~~-~*-+A~~~o
.f±. ~ -t )(-#"", mr1 "# JJ}] ~0
(5) Dimg tin c(ly.
~!!.1'-A-,??,JL~~ "iif# o
Gi&i
I
ru:
J' .I.Atl "3 ~-i-1£' ~ 9)..
T~o thanh C\lffi gi&i ru,
* 1~ ~~t ·~ "e, !
dUn.g tru&c d9ng tU lam tr~g ngfr, bi€u thi
phuong ti~n, phuang phap, chfulg cu, v. v... rna d(>ng tac, hanb vi nhcr vao d6 d€
th\fc hi~n..
_g~-3 mG~~iJU~~' ~~_:oc~~~.1 o
~~A~~~T~~~~~' ~~a~1~~0
~ '[D$ng ru, gi6i tir, lien tU]
D(>ng tir
(1) Tva. Cdn mang theo tan ngfr, tan ngfr thuemg la danh nr dan am tiet. Dimg
nhiSu trong van viet.
~~~~~' ~~*~~~~~~~0
-ft'*" ~1t~~ ~~~~PJ~o
(2) Dva vao, dva ddm. Phai c6 tan ngfr.
~~w~~A, ~af±~mG~~+o
~~jt~-f--ffli{f~o
Gi&i ru: Nhavao, dva vao.
(1) Thuang d\rng tru6c danh tir ho~c ngfr danh ru t~o that;th ket cAu gi6i ru lam
·tr~ng ngu, c6 tha dirng trucrc chu ngfr.
lft it i!- ,P., ~ 1n :It~~~ r it~ o
it1tilgJ1J~JL, ~~~~~1t~~@]jft_o
128
[f><}ng ru,
~
- f>Bu la d<?ng ttr, gim ttr co nghia la t~ra, difa dam, d11a vao, nha vao.
- Khi la d9ng tir, jt c6 nghia la dang - Khong c6 y nghia nay.
tin c9y.
- Khi c6 nghia Ia "tlfa, d¥a'' d6i - Khi c6 nghTa la "t¥a, d¥a", d6i tuQllg thvc
tuQllg thvc hi~n hanh vi, d<)ng hie c6 hi~n hanh vi, d9ng tac thuang la nguOi.
thS la ngt{Cri ho~c v?t. C6 thS dung Thuang k~t hgp v&i nhung thanh ngii' b5n
trong khfiu ngii' va van vi€t. chu, dung nhiBu trong van vi~t.
cv.
- Tan ngu c6 thS la · th~ .nhu J.J , - Chi c6 the mang m<)t s5 it danh tir C\1 th~
~ "\ 11 f v. v ... , cilng c6 th~ Ia trim lam tan ngfr, ph!n nhiBu tan ngfr la nhung
tuQllg nhu -M- fJ "\ fig fJ "\
- Ngii' khi··biSu th! d<)ng tac kha ro,
*•· danh tir trim tuQUg nhu
-. Khong .c6 cach·dling nay. '*"·"' ~~V.V •••
Luy~n ti-p
Ch<;>n -~, 1t diBn vao c~6 trbng.
1. iTJZ1~, Hltffir~~Jt~ruruB{]J:'ESo
2. 1m §6B"J~jJ~J:J:k~o
3. 1$l¥J~±}(1t, ~~f:IG:f~UM-I1'F?
4. ~JWt~ M~l¥J#f·tt7.f1f A,7Cl¥J o
5. 11B tEtdJJRJ:.Oj~ 7 0
1. 4-~ai~ ~1:iiEA.:tm ~
s. ~fig*~ oo m~, :i: ~!l~il 0
9. 1e1r* ~~fo
10. 1$ 1t~:fil:~~?
129
[072] it~
.
liiinH1n-
. ..
re~ jinian
.... '"'· ··- ~·. - .......... ..I
\i ~ [D(>ng tir]
Luu ni~m. Gift lam leY ni~m.
*-*"*' Ptl1Jl-~~~J tf-$o
4'- R. ~it~*~ Jlj ~ a{J .ft% flJ-$ 0
Luy~n ti-p
Ch<;>n W:}' ~, ~a~ di~n vao chfi trdng:
1. !JtJI5JI¥.~<X~1*1r$1E~ri$ ~Jt 0
130
6. :ttiiJ.Jiit:~ 'rn'!l!~it~ i!iJ.J1s1s Ef{J1f:~~~Jt 0
TruyJn ba, Zan truyJn. Truyen ba, tuyen truySn, thong bao ra cho nhi~u nguoi.
l!. +~;!S ,t#-4-f~~R ~t}t o
~Af.1t [£>9ng tlr] Vitff [D9ng tir, tinh tir] 11( iff . [E>9ng tuJ
- DSu bi~u thi nghia luu hanh, lmi truy€n. Nhung it khi thay th€ cho nhau duqc, vi
di~m nh~n cua m6i tlr khac nhau.
- Nh~n ~nh truyen ru dm - NhAn ~nh nhanh - Nhftn tm-nh truySn ba,
l nay sang doi khac. Tir doi chong thinh h~mh, luu tuyen tn.1y~n cho s6 dong.
I
) xa xu;a d8n nay. hanh dugc s6 dong lam 1~Jt~1n~t.:r- ~#
l *it 1·1·1 ~· iiJJ ~ 4'- jJ.t # theo. 43:.1-t~PiR ~-t ~ o
Luy~n t~p
ChQn mE~"\ mr:qr "\ ~}I dien vaa chfi trAng:
1. i!--'1'1~~~-1~-1~ r*~o
2. i!#~:JrjgEJ{j~Jj~~~'=t B<Jo
3. i!-1'1ML~,~r!~tR:;Wt **0
4. i!#m~~ Hti ~A,1f EJ{j ~ iJij] 0
s. it~BtJ~--tm~1tffl~ fE;f)} 0
~~--~A~~~£~~~~~~~0
~M [D()ng ru]
- Du ngot;zn, ng&m cimh.
A, R..~1n~ii-.Yt7:...ti.-/~ gJ o
~r, it, ir.J .t JJi iS- i~Atl1!. -1-¥- itlt, ~~.to
132
J*1T [D{>ng tir] *~ [D()ng tir] VH 'JiL [D9ng tt'rJ
- D€u mang nghla di du ljch. Khong mang tan ngfr. - Bi€u thi nghia ngam
~ 1n ~r .n.l!.-t-~1fl *- ~ Jll *~ o canh, du ngot;m. Phai
~)A_1j,;Y:£~*--f-J-r-*.ft o mang tan ngfr.
*- ~ ~ lJ, v:A J6 , 1;j: :iij-
1: T ~JttJ~7J?
- Su dt,uig cliung vm - KSt hgp Slr dl,lng v&i danh - KSt hQ'p sir d\lllg v&i
danh tir d~ t~o. thanh ngfr tir d~ t~o thanh ·ngfr danh tir danh tir d€ t~o th~nh ngfr
danh tir chi v~t dl,ffig lien quan d€n nghia du lich. danh · tir lien quan dSn
dung khi di xa. Vi d\1 Vi d1,1 nhu: .~~;.} ,3) .. ~»f nghla du ngoc;tn, ng~m
nhu: ~ff1tt-. ~ff~, !- ,~,' ~~ J#l gJi' ~~~~ ~' canh. Vi d1,1 nhu: ~ Jt
.~ "IJ6" .5!- 6
~ff 111.. ~At-$-.. ~ff ~~1-§,~, ~»til£*, ~~ "Q}z ~~
~~~~ irJr ...Je...·~~,, . ," .~ ~~
,n,-~
Luy~n t,p_
ChQri '*1r..
~flj-. . Wf YJJ.. di~n vao ch6 tr6ng:
I. Jgtji~B"J ~~WfEf~~~~o
2. J!i'l\~¥*~ ~1fl
, T~d>~~~ti5"mo
3. itfrlJ, 3!* ml¥i$d>~~*?
4. JYl1:E~~1it¥Jrt1r ~~t:r, &Jt~--~x~---0
s. iw:**iaf±, n§1n---t'J'at ~fri1£ *~if 0
· •·• ·n~·~'"'·"'">"~" ·
1 [o7s]
""•'·'"'"'""""·--'""'""•'•"''""'"''"".. ".!hJ:
' "' -" '" "~· ' mashang-
"'" ~ <H<n>«· •~•.~•· <'~· •" "' ~"Jl:~J
,,.,.,._.,., ~"'"'" •'"~" ' "'like-
" '•'"' " ~'" "' "·'ii!1Jiff'
'''''" ·' "'-'• ~•·.•.-<.>t" " ditnshi
~· · ~"·"' '" ' "'" '· '
.!hJ: [Ph6 tir]
(1) Bi~u thi S\1' vi~c s&p xay ra, thubng kSt hgp v&i :Yt .. it~, :Yilt.. Nhfrng h1c fty
phia sau thuemg c6 1. C6 th~ dung. tru&c dQng ·tir, tfrih 11!, ciing c6 th~ dung
tnicrc chu ngfr.
!!.7 J:.;Yt* -r f:F:J 1 , ~1n 't1c* p~ 1
R.!!, .l:. ;YlJK 1 o
133
(2) Bi6u thi sv vi~c nao d6 xay ra ngay sau sv vi~c tnr&c. C6 th6 dirng tnr&c d{>ng
tit, tinh tir, pbia sau thu(mg c6 ph6 tir it.
PJfjlji!~%iR, *-~~J:.:#:Pf~*-0
~-k**-' ~~~~AR~m~~*To
JL.~J [Ph6 tir]
Bi6u thi S\f vi~c ho~c d{>ng tac xuftt hi~n nhanh, thu<mg xuftt hi~n ngay sau m{>t
thm kh~c nao d6. Thu(mg b6 nghia cho d{>ng tir, tinh tir de lam tr~ng ngfr. C6
the dung trong khftu ngfr va van vi€t.
1~ iL ill @1-i-.i~ !t 4_ iiE
~-~~~~' ~~~~*M-i-~~0
-:t *
0
~~-k~~~' *-~~~~*1~*-0
~~A~~~~**-' t~~~~-1o
.ij J: [Ph6 tir] ir~tl [Ph6 tir] ~.00 IPt [Ph6 tlr]
- B€u la ph6 tir, bi6u thi sv vi~c, tinh huang xay ra nhanh, trong m{>t thai gian ng~n.
- NhAn ~nh t~ huang - NhAn ~nh tlnh huang, - Chi dung d6 bi€u th!
ho~c hanh d()ng xay ra hanh d{>ng s~p xay ra. Thm S\1' vi~c xay ra nhanb
trong khoang. thai gian. gian _ khong ___ xac. djnh ro. trong qua kht'r.
ng~n, bien d{> thai gian Mang s&c thai g!p gap, c6 }]}j iii 111% iJf ~it
kh{l 16n, ph\1 thUQC VaO the dung trong khftu UgU Va -t-~Fi ,t, ~~~ :K.
cam giac chu quan cua. van vi at. 1~*-0
ngum n6i. ~ J 1j ~A..~£, -.f; , ~ iL
~ ~~£ -t ~ 1' ill ~iJtit-1 0
~J:-_;ft~i!-ft. 1 0
- K.hong c!n di€u ki~n - Bi€u ki~n sir d1;1ng thu(mg - Khong c!n di€u ki~n
nay. la dum S\f anh hu6ng CUa nay.
d()ng tac, m~nh l~nh, thong
bao & phia tru6c cffin dan
d{>ng tac thu hai xay ra ngay.
~Jtl it~, 1;t1n~ii..
t-l 1t#J, ~nf',~i~.at raJ o
134
- C6 th~ dung trong cau c~u khi6n. - Khong dung trong
~:f.,t*, it1* ~ J: I .ft.. ill @1 *- o cau c~u khi€n.
- C6 th~ sir d\lng d9c l~p. - Khong c6 each dung nay.
A: •tk: ,?i. , .$-~7fT!
B::kf' .!lj J:.! .!lj J:. ! j
Luy~n t~p .I
ChQn 1b J:.... ir.~tl... ~Jiat di€n vao ch6 trbng.
1. i-W1~ffH~~~T JL, 1m Wt@l*o
2. irrPJ~11'J 'J!~il*o
3, !\t1fJ mt~*~T o
4. tt1n~~.vt~EI"J1lii5 mt1~~u T~~~
5. ¥\$ 1¥Tr*o
6. .R ~;g .m~.A . . fJ<-=f J:$, 1m mt-t1~~1m1n 0
7. ::F: mtlt.T o
~~ [Danh tir]
(1) Bu6n ban, giao djch mua ban. Quy mo ttrong d6i nho, mua ban nho. Sir d\lfig
luQllg tir ~ '
~~%.Jt. 1tt~*--tf-J 0
~~~~-1!1 ~ tr-J i!-,t:f, ~ ~r.~ ~it/G 1it~1t.** tr-J 0
w
o/ 1!1 mf.r _iE 1±. *- ,J.5tt 5'r ~ rr .ih 0
"135
* Chi ho~t d{>ng thuang ~i, kinh doanh c6 quy mo 16n, mang tftm ca cong ty,
t~p doan ho~c m{>t qu6c gia. Vi d\1 nhu: ~7r 'I~, 'I~ J1i}l_ft, 1! IJ !tit,
~ 1.7 1:k:ff '\ 'I ~ tf '~ '\ .)t:Jj in 1! IJ '\ ~ 1f. fl ~ ~il. ~Jt '\ ~ llL fl.IJ .
~ii} [D{>ng tir, Danh tir]
- D{>ng fir: Giao djch, mua ban, trao a6i.
~1Jll£i~iE.}\.J(R,, ~1f1Jt;ff~~o
;~K rrJt.JJ "" rr k~~iktr.J 0
-
J!;k J( I; !tit~ J:. ;_t tr.J {fl.11!1t
l! JJ, j(~j~ lf_- it .Jlt ~f; J( I; 0
*
Danh tu: Cu9c giao djch, cu9c trao a6i. Sir dl}llg lugng tir if,
0
- Bieu tbi - Con chi S\f kinh doanh, c6 the - Khong - C6 th€ kat hgp vm
nghia cua kat hgp vm ~ * Jb .
va :9{ dung lugng danh tir d€ t~o ra ngfr
hang. ~~1f.R.'*1tt~* 1..-;to nr -t,. danh tir mang nghia
~~.(f.~i$:1~'W I; 1.. -;to giao dich. v~ d\1 nhu
~IJ Ji.Jf, 3t~ at raJ,
~~.~ Jt,f[,, v.v....
. Luy~n tip
ChQn ~~' ~~' ~~' jt~ di€nvaoch6tr3ng:
1. J!~ "PJ~~~~/1'~7 0
6. 1m~~a---*~~r ~~·~~ito
1. !\tfM~ F93 7C~Ji~ll1f.J\ a1 faJ ~ :l:fu B o
8.. ---~~---Ef$1'~*:biJA 71!t!f. ~.EIJ.Ro
9. ~1¥i~~J{~I¥J · JJI!ff~~~U.351Z~7Go
10. {~ ifi!t~BtJJ!~inX1§o
136
~- [D9ng tir]
- Hai long. Cam thfty way, nhu y mu6n.
k ~~~tl~~~fr.J_I.1'J: ~Jio
tliifl
[D9ng tir]
(1) Thoa man, .dey au ..Bi€u thi cam thfty thoa man, cam thfty dAy du.
~ ~ .j~ -=f lft j~ ,'. jJb -kJb :ft !® Jlj ~ }1:_ 1 o
(2) Lam tho a miin. P~a sau thuOn.g k€t hgp sir dvng v6i 't >it, ~ ~, ],.$ 'Y£ v. v....
4\ ~~ ~ ~ 1t ff.J ~~f. 0
Luy~n t~p
5. ~~:F£%'=m~~---t~:k% B"J%'=~o
6. ~~:kB{J~~, mt.RffJLir~JMJ, ~~ 1~T~·~B"J®Jf~M?
7. ~JLB<J*t~J=t~~.m.1f__..il~B~1JlL JWtB~~~U1li 7o
8. ~:x11$8<J§I~1li 0
9. **-f-7Jj}Ij ili~~~~~}Jo
Tf§JWI¥JJJX*,
10. ~~B<J1¥~~~~-i~, ftm~I1fJ~7E~~u _ _ o
137
(078] ~1c~ meiguanxi- ~ff~ meishenme- N:$JL meishir
·- ....,. . ;.. -... ":' · .............. ....... u.T ..
~ ~·· ~~-"~ ··T"" "··'r ·'"·- 'S.~,.r· .... ...
~ ··~z-t"'"'-······ ··~ . ,. ·······-rr·· . . -....,....... ~.·~--c~y ..c·· ·"·····'""-~·····"'a··- ..... ····~·
N::¥c*
1) Bi€u thi ngbia khong quan trQng, khong sao.
*~1~*~' ~~~~~~~~%Ro
~~~~~~~~~~~*''~mA~~~~~~~~
1t.o
2) Bi€u thi ngbia khong lien can. K€t hgp su dl)D.g v&i ~ va ;;fo.
i!.:f JLj~1* i.t*. ~, 1*~ Jf1 -i*'u o
3)
~J?~1tJf-*ii.t1t ~ *'
Khong sao, dimg bf)n tam. Dung dB dap tni khi dfii phuong n6i lCri xin 16i.
1 0
N:ft~
1) Bi€u thi nghia khong quan trQng, khong sao.
~-1~*~' ~A~~~~o .
2) Khong sao, dimg b~n tam. D1mg dB dap tni khi dfii phuong n6i lCri xin 16i ho~c
cam on.
A: ~~~!~~;)t~~~oB: ~*~o
A: -i~-i#! B: .i.tft~! 1*~$.~ 1 o
N:.JL
1) Khong co vi~c t/J lam, ranh rBi.
~1ll i.t:f JL*i,*;l tt fJ o
i.t :f JL ~ Bt1~, ~$5tk i!!J i!l JL·o
2) Khong sao, khong vi?c gi. K.hong xay ra S\1' cfi ho~c S\1' viec ngoai y mufin.
1t1ll )i::f JL, iE 1t if- 1m*- %o
3) Khong sao, dimg bt;in tam. Dung dB dap tra khi dfii phuong n6i Uri xin 16i.
. A: 5Cf;f:~! ~~:.lt~i f; o B: )l~ JL! }Jlj;_6_t,~J:o
138
--
- Khong c6 each dling nay. - Dung d€ dap tni khi - Kh6ng c6 each dung
d6i phuong cam on. nay.
~tAt~, 11Ft$
~To
- Bieu thi nghia khong lien can. - Bieu tbi kh6ng nghiem tr9ng.
K€t hgp sir d1;1ng vai ~~ va ;;fr:r ~l~ JL, Pt,fi.. ~~X..*f 7 0
Luy~n t~p
9. A: t~!!tff$JL~? B: , 1:1G1$~9P~o
10. ili~t:A~~ , /GM~wcJI§H~-~ro·
139
- Ph6 tir: M6i. Bi€u thi mfii ca tb€, mfii don vi.
' ' JL ~
:i!.. ' .tir-
I 7J k -}:;- JJ; 5
~"'tt'""FJ ·vu , .., o
Luy~n 'ti-p
Ch9n 4JJ... .~ di~n vao chfi tr6ng:
1. l!?X:k~if*T~lE ~8"3~*0
2. }j B"J~ffl~;li!:B:J.g~~11 0
3. A~ A~itf.?:*'{fjc~o
4. ftJ! WJ'Ji!---t:lJt~:, ~H~:A~1EJ~\¥l'~o
5. ~1t1!J~$.7 ~ Jtl!~ A~~ . . /j\pZO
6. ~1fJ ~~--1'1}¥!, J~,~--1'1J~PI~To
7.: imtJEit, -s-1' Amt~---t~~_t)t~:Mlo
8. #~bl~$~~iliA7.f, JlJTiW~T~rtl1~7Go
9. 4ij:~~~1£*~ ~)2:-BJ:, 1tB~::f~f*y§ 0
140
, 0, ' 1 " . 0, ~. ''',1'
[080] ~BB meili-
'~~~·'' ¥,.,
-~ piaoliang- PI~ haokan
'-1••0:! .. •,/ ' .. '1•''•''~ ~ .....1'\,.. ~•.l; ........... ,••-:> .....,....oR "I ','"':"'• ..... ~'''~•'''f,,.>l!: 0 ,•,~•''~ 0'1':.'•',' ."'~'','"', ..,,,l,'•'••t,• ,•,-
0
,, ,
1
•' ~~:·-'•="~'{'•
~w [Tfnh rnJ
- D?p. Hlnh dung net d~p CUa phai nfr, v~t d\)llg nfr, phong dinh, v.v....
1-t~ #.1f ~.a~ iffl·ir-J ::k. art~ o
-~ [Tinh rnJ
1) D?p . .Hinh.dung n6t dyp ·cua nam va nfr, db v~t, phong canh, v.v....
~#.#.*-1~~*~~~0
i! 14- *-JJlA-)! ~ ' _E_ if J)c ~ -t 0
2) D?p, xu&t s&c. ·co th€ lam bb ngii', hinh dung lam m{>t each xtillt s~c.
i!.lh J;t,~RfR.{~~)J~ 0
1~ ~ i! 14-*-R!t~R"*f~ o
2) Hay. Hinh dung b9 phim, kieh, v.v....
' ' ..iLR r.b ~"" ifi Ji%. ..ii-
i!,. "'I~ '"U ,y.J -7t' JQ ....., o
- Khong lam bb - D?p, xu&t s&c. Khi 1~. pb ngfr, - .C6 th€ lam bb. ngii', hlnh
ngfr. bi€u thi thve hi~n m{>t each xu&t dungd?p.
s&c, ho~e il?P· it14-.;RJJ!t 1~ ~ 1~~£!<-*T
l!.:% J;h fi- A 1~ ~ iJ. ~ o ~0
Luy~n tip
ChQn ~B~"' ¥J% . . M-~ di€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. JS:~JfftMB<Jait~ 0
!............_..__·---w··r··J~~~L~~~~_!~~;=..!!f_:~!.~.!f'!_~.-·-,---····-·-,· . ···J
~~ [Lien ti'r]
Trimh, khoi phai: D~t a va sau, bi~u thi tn1nh xay ra cac tinh hu6ng.khong mong
,
muon.
r :ll~~lb~!b ~ 1t' }t.f.J-j!b1!b~e IU
f:F:J ~
~~ [Lien ti'r]
! 1]
*
tl1 fl ~ r.m ~' }t.fl~t$~~ 0
0
.I
Tranh khoi, afJ phai. D~t a v€ sau, bi~u thj tranh xay ra cac tinh huang khong
,
mongmuon.
P~ 1Jli£)t 1f- ,~,JL @1 -:}Pe,, ~.. -f.l~~!b~!!.,u o
Luy~n tip
ChQn ~~.¥} .. ~1JJJ. diSn vao ch5 tr6ng:
1. ~ lfiJ m1JA)(-j)Jt7f ~£1--:iil ~ >1 - :itli fF, X: £3: 7'911PJtk ~~' o
142
4. J3:1tJ:$)'GJ1Ui51JF~fu, ~fu/f~~o
s. ~~-:trar~~OO~t'B1t:J, ~~~~0
6. ~Wa-11±~JLU~L :*J(*@JR§o
7. J3:~0PJ:ff~tt={I~:}Ip(EjJ%, ft~~J%o
8. J!~i](5ETmtMJt*~~fPJ, ~*~~0
9. 7Gi~"*J9J~JL~~i§-iJF%A, %]!)\jEJ~\0
10. fJ<-T*xJ\Wt~~fu~U~, ~~:*~lfliJ:Iff~a
0
- . .
(2) D6, kia. Chi nguai ho~c v~t a xa~ tfl}'c ti€p lam chu ngfr, c6 th~ sir dl,lllg d9c
l~p.
JJ~k~{fJ~a) fr!J~:f*o
Lien ru: Vrjy thi, vrjy. Can cu theo sv th~t ho~c gia thi€t da n6i a v€. d~u, dftn ra
k€t qua ho~c sv phan doan trong v€ sau. T~u.ang k€t hgp sir dl,lllg v6i " Jlk f.~ "
Lien ru: Vrjy thi, vw. Can cu theo sv t~t ho~c gia thi€t d~f n6i a v€ dftu, dftn ra k€t
qua ho~c S\f phan doan trong v€ sau. Thucrng k€t hgp sir dl,lllg v&i ~k f~., :ko *·
:kP-* 1~/G~ f;-!-, JJ~ ~ fiJLjjlJ-!-o
~&*~o~~~
WL~, .. ._-=y-'IFJ u..-..:r.:~.::t.. 1 , ·~~~~~a~~
:n 1... ~;rf-IU~, ..... 1-x'3L uo
143
jj~ [D~i tir, lien tir] jj~~ [fl~itir, lien tir]
- D€u la lien ru, dugc d~t truac v€ sau, bi8u tbi Can cu theo S\f th~t ho~c gia thi€t da
n6i & v€ ddu, dftn ra k€t qua ho~c S\l phan doan trong v€ sau. Thuang k€t hQ'P sir
dl)ng v6i Jl.t ~, ~-*..
$r-*.k~~F]i;T, ~~~~-jlJ!.~/.k:JtP~o
f1k~%iX.~i;!iT, 1J~~~~~1tl-!-P~-f"~OK P~o
- Khi la d~i ru, c6 the dt'mg d()c - Khong c6 each dung nay.
l~p ho~c k€t hqp vm cac tir khac
d8 chi ngum va v~t a xa, mang
nghia "i16 ". ·
~ 1f1 ~at -~~j£ 5i Jt it ii1 0
~ ~ iA i); 11~ -1'- A o
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - Khi hlm d~i ru, dirng tru6c tinh tir, d9ng tir d8
bi8u thi mire d(), tr~ng thai, each thuc.
J!.*f $ji @.,~ ~ fr., ~~Jt ~~%~Xo
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - Khi la d~i ru, dirng tru&c sA ru da nhAn ~nh
sA lugng nbi€u ho~c it.
.I
5. 1J\.:E.~ -Jx.A-~JL***~~ o
6. ¥t~ ~Jl{t!t&~tf{tJlo
7. -.¥9:t!~U, mR2i
~~1$-tl!~mo
s. ~~ia~' .{X~1rJ~)Eg"*~~*~ ~)g~~?
9. ~ -1' -Jx.~ m fl' ~ , i!E/1' }A17tAtk p~?
10. ~J£~111\:ffli=JL, ~;t}!tPBo
144
~~ [D{>ng tir, ph6 tir]
D()ng tir: Kh6 trach, c6 thi thong cam ilu()'c. BiSu tbi co thS thong cam dugc.
~Jt.~Jff-, tl:: 1tf1t~•l'J:o
it 14=- :f: -tt~~·~·tJ:1-t' 1-t-tt~ ~ 0
Ph6 tir: Thao new,· hen chi.:. BiSu tbi d()t nhien hiSu ra nguyen nhan slJ vi~c.
~*~~~#R1-t, ~*~k+~Ao
: ~ Jt -nn- * fi-J ' ~ ·tJ: 1¢ ~ iA. i}; 0
§)f~~
( 1) Kh6 trach. BiSu tbi khong nen o~n tnich ho~c qU<Ytnich.
1!.14=- :f: $~ ~ ~ *J-.11'' ·~ ~ff-1~ 0
(2) Thao nao, hen chi. BiSu tbi d()t_nhlen-hiSu ra nguyen nhan SlJ vi~c, khong cam
thfty kY 1~ nfra. Thu(mg di chung v&i lff.. *-·
~~~#~$~~+*, ~*~~~~0
- D€u biSu thi d()t nhien hiSu ra nguyen nhan sv vi~c, khong cam thfty kY 1~ nfra.
Thuemg kSt hgp sir d\l.D.g v&i ~*-, mang nghla thao nao, hen chi.
~·~1*/f:%~k~-t-3ft, ~ *1*/f:Pt¥to
·tJ:~~1~~~ it R1-t, ~ *1-t)t-t-J~A.o
- Lam d{>ng tir, c6 thS mang ho~c - Kat cftu d()ng - ba nen phai kat hgp v&i
khong mang tan ngtr, nghla la kh6 tan ngfr phia sau, nghla la kh6 trach. BiSu
I
trach, c6 thi thong cam iltr()'c. BiSu thi thi khong nen min tnich ho~c qu~ tnich.
co th€ thong cam dugc. 1!.-tt·tJ:~~' 1~~it~t~tr.J o (S)
3!. -tt ~ ·tk' 1~/GJt~t ~ffJ 0 ~~ JL•tk~.f.f1~o
J!.:f: JL~•f£1~o -·
Luy~n t~p
145
4. ~JJJLili1~ it, *3tx~ms~~n1 0
7. 1**1-ffi{I'J~-X'j~:£31:, *1~~-i{lo
8. ~~~~?XlfiJitf1, JZ.~J:q:tt'\iJ, ~~J1uA~*A~~ffi1Jtffi.,
~&t** 0
I ...
51f£Ji [Tinh ru, d9~g tir]
Tinh ru:
(1) Gian kh&, gian nan, kh6 khan. Bi€u thi dOi s6ng kh6 khan.
;1:_ *
~tl-i--tM:", .J~ -=J- 5l J',
1
V:AJ6 ft-J El -=J-- /t~tt~lto
-r
EJ ~it ~1~ l:t 0
j
(2) Dau kh8, dau long.
-*-*~tJ-!-i!t' ~-=j--Jt~t!<.~l:to
~it.\t~~vA~, -;t~~~~o
- D(>ng tir: Kh6 qua, kh6 vur;rt qua.
1-t#:i!.*-/~Ar<.~ltft-J o
~~ [Tinh tir]
(1) Kh6 chju, kh6ng khoe. Bi€u thi ca th€ khong khoe, kh6 chju trong nguoi
:JJ.. ift fr-J at 1~ 1t -f~~tt~ ~ o
(2) Dau kh8, tlau long.
1\; .:f_~~:r~~~~A.1~9iiff 0
146
-La d<)ng rir, chi kh6 vu(lt qua. - Khong c6 each dung nay.
aJJJ(_*-:k-JJJJ}j_~Pt~, ~*1t'<-~
ito
j Luy~n t~p
Ch9n xlu-. xl)l: diSn vao ch6. tr6ng:
1. ~flt ~A*.o
2. ~:%1~Y.J±-T1~ ' mciJ:~J¥.~!Tflt~~~1:o
3. 1mJ~,_m~~1¥.; ., J§J~a7f<n&1fn1f:**B"J~JJ~ 0
s~ n}f~fu1Jl7, ~:;t~nm1m:791t~®~u . o
7. :$1~
:=f*1t!RJh!l!$(pX£1 7' 0
8. ;J'*fat~>.J/Fffl:9J, ifii'.X~i~$1~ ~0
9. 1m1m=Er a1, 1~ ®~~Jt~1£5!:1il~m11Eo
10. 1£f\t~ E"JS'j{~, ~~f*-J1fJ\fflJl}Jf\to
147
Xi $B [Tinh tlr] /.f' $B [Ph6 tlr]
- D€u co thS lam tr~ng ngfr trong cau, biSu thi y kh6 ho~c khong tranh khoi di€u gi
d6.
- Kh6 tninh khoi di€u gi d6, thu<mg la - Khong tninh khoi di€u gi d6, thuemg la
kh6 tninh khoi nhfrng vi~c ho~c nhfrng S\I vi~c ho~c nhfrng tinh huang xay
nhilng tinh huang khong tat, khong ra m()t _each hiBn nhien, hqp ly.
mong muAn xay ra. ~ :t !3ft 3.. ~ }J ~5l ii, ~ }t ~ Jtt lfJf
~:t~-=-1'--JJ ~*' ~}t~ ~·tfo
Jtt lfJf ~ ·ti 0
- Phia sau c6 thB di v6i tL'r phil djnh. - Thu<mg phia sau khong di v6i tir phil
Jb .;._r h •• , LJ. ~ A -r V" ~'L
'JIJ· ~ A 1->L' ~"P. )IU -'1' fCiJ 7'\ 0 dinh. Tuy ding c6 hinh tht'rc phil djnh nhu
"~~;tr ~~··t:R: ", "~~;tr ~~1;-it.,
nhung hi em khi dUng.
- ·co thB dung trong cAu trUe .it··· fr.J • • - Khong c6 each dung nay.
w~!£.~ 'itr-1-Jt~Jttr.J 0
- Co thB lam vi ngfr, dinh ngfr trong - Khong co each dimg nay.
cau.
.I
jf- 4- J:. ~' *-
.1.. ;j_.jf Jt ~ }t,
tr.J ~ 0
- ThuOn.g khong bA nghia cho nhfrng - ThuOn.g khong bA nghia cho nhiing d{>ng ru,
d9ng ttr, tinh ttr dan am ti€t dUng d9c tinh ttr dimg d9c l~p, cimg khong bA nghla
~p. cho nhfrng d{>ng tlr, tinh tlr don am ti€t
I ~ -f -ir#~Jt·tij o (S) ~-f-ir#~ Jt ~ ·t~ o (S)
~-f-irit~Jt·tij o (S)
Luy~n ti-p
ChQn xl~, :f ~ diSn vao chfi trfing.
~ -n 'Ji.-* A ~ M ldl: ldl:
~~ lJ:J i=i' ~"t:Et
r.--T
1. 23:11u"t:Et '\ 0
148
1
.,•• , .• ,,,,, .~
ros6] ~jg nanwei- r~~
.... , ........ ., ....... r•-··· .......... .,......... '"" ..... "·""'""""' .. .
weinan
.................... '"'"' ' """'""'"···•. . . . . . . . . -·-......., .. ., ..,.........
.. ... ·•·•· .............. .... •....... ·. . I
~1g [D9ng tir]
(1) Lam kh6. Lam cho ngum khac cam thfty kh6 xir.
1~~llt 1~/G1?-lj~-Jt.,. jjiJ*39 ~ 1 0
Luy~n t~p
149
3. j!{4-1$~~j}JWt1}, /f~~i}lli::f~;t\: 7 0
- Danh tir: Tu&i tac. Chi tu6i tac cita con ngum. ·
4}-;t-i>LJf- ~ *- 1 ' ~ #-.tt1. .$ 1 0
i!. J' :j~ _,_ ~ J' J' ' 1:if ;it~ f # 'ti :f o
I I I
150
~~ [Danh ru] ~~3 [Danh ru] ~ ~ [Danh t:lr]
- D€u chi d9 tu6i cua con nguoi
%%a~lf-~ I -fir., I ~ tt -tt/G ,J-. 1 o
-t~ I -f ~ I ~ 4( *-I J\ ~t
- Chi d9 tu6i ctia d9ng
**' *
~ i: 7t :11 ~~ 7'J 0
- Thuang chi tu6i tac cua - .Chi tu6i tac cua ngum Urn - Chi d9 tu6i CUa tre
tre em, thanh thi 8u nien, tu6i, it dung cho d·9 tu6i con em, thanh thi8u nien,
va ngum l&n tu6i. va
nho. K8t hgp thaDh cac · ngfr va nguCri 16n tu6i. K€t
duqc dung khai bao d9 nhu J:. 1-f~·, 3t *--f~-. hgp thanh cac ngfr nhrr
tu6i trong cac bang ly -~~-+~-- Jf-R,~ *--- •. ,J, ,j, J:_ 1 ~ tt, ~ :k.~ ~.
lieh. -+~-- -+~~~-
-tit: 26 j
1;F it+-fit fL i~ -t ..
- C6 thS lam trung Him - C6 thS lam trung tam ·ngfr - Kh9ng c6 each dung
ngfr chi· d9 tu6i. Vi d\1 chi d9 tu6i cho nguCri 16n tu6i. nay.
nhu Aefo-fit-. it~~~ ·vi d\l nhu ~it-+~-- ~~9:-f
it' ~it-+it" -QJG -*--fit' ~.
IU J.t -+it' A:{E.-+it.
~.Khong c6 each dimg n~y. - Chi tlu tu8i ho~c din
tu6i. Vi du nhu ~ttl£
~itl-. 6Jj~tt.
Luy~n tip
Ch<;>n 1¥~-. ~~3... 5} ~-. ~ d1€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. j(JL'~~UA~ 7' P§{fJ1~7f~Eit:lt~te7 0
4. ~T~U JE/G~JE~mG~~~~~o
\ 5. ~-T-8~~ )\.{liJ 0
6. ttf:Jf. _t :I:~EJ<Jf1~3tli~ P4 u ~~ "o
7·. Pjfi,Ji, fj ~I¥J ~ 45.211Z£t:o
151
8. :J!!J\tk-T- filM ~~, PJ~A~tlt!P~ll~~*o
9. A.L 7 · ~1*mf1~mtf?l±l~~*o
10. :m---re I, jE~1t~tt~P~o
,j,~-=j-~~~~-tt~tliE~ 0
Tinh tir: Doi khi, thi thoang. Bi€u thi hiBm ~ xay ra, it g~p.
* ~ :t. Ia] 1-'S ~ ff.J llj' J$] Jt. ~ $t a9 0
/
nhien, bfing dung, vo tlnh xuftt hi~n.
~~*~~,~-~~§~~~ff.J*M~o
Tinh tir: NgJu nhien, hiim co. Bi€u tb.i khong thuang g~p, khong n~m trong quy
lu~t binh thubng.
J!.;k .$- ~ ~~;Jf1~-, 7t ~it. ~t i; 11i A o
152
Luy~n t~p
3. ~~Vi=*AA~i13.#~~ , ~EI31~$l2Sl~i)c5£B<J o
4; btlfJ&~Jt~f~{f{E~-}EEf<J tio
1
~ l}t ·~ **~~~ 0
(2) Khong chju ilu(lc. Tan ngfr phai la dQng tir ho~c ngfr dQng tir.
'*-
1¥- iL k fr.J A.l}t •M ;t ~ o
J;t ~ 4h Ji, :ijt ·~ Z-1. 0 '
(3) Lo ldng. Phia sau phai k€~ hgp v6i dQng tit, tinh tir, ho~c mQt phan cdu~
~ il·~ 1~ ,"&1 , ?Jf ~.A-¥-~~, JL~r tt 1-&-.;Jkrji 1~ o
- Ph6 tir: E rdng, ch&c. Bieu thj S\f suy dmin, d{mg tru&c vi ngfr.
~~ff~~~~~~~' ~~~~~W~o
~-fB [Ph6 tir]
(1) Cole, ch&c. Bieu thi sg suy dm1n, phan doan.
~~~m~~~--t-A7, ~m~a~~~~~7o
(2) Ch&c, e rfmg. Bieu thi S\f suy doan, phan doan va kern theo S\I lo l~ng.
i!_~s_ti{;Ji~*' ~·Mki!S} 1 o
··~J£~t~~~' ~·~1!.-t-!l-!:-i~;f:n\ 10
153
·ts [D()ng tir, ph6 tir] ~·h3 [Ph6 ru]
- D~u la ph6 tir, biSu thi sv phan doan, suy doan.
J!.Jtt1t~·~ I~·~ ;tr ~ -t If 1:, 1t i=f it~ jz_ -iii $k 0
.1J .1J w 1!1 ·~ I~·~ ;tr --1-- A 1, @J 1!1 fr.J EJ -f ~·t;{t 11{& Ul 1 o
- Khi biSu thi nghia lo ling, lo ng~i thuemg - Khi biSu thi nghia lo ling thuemg
dl:mg sau chu ngfr, c6 tac d\ffig nhftn ~nh dlm.g tru6c chu ngii, nhb ~nh
chu thS CUa Slf lo ling. di~u dang lo ling.
1-t ·~ .!& Jtj ' ,Pjf v.A- :k. -!f- ii tl:: f11 o ~Ja:~i:$!.~, ~·~l!.-f--1..
-;t:i~~n\ 1 0
- Khi lam ph6 mbiSu thi nghia phan doan. - Khi lam ph6 tir biSu thi nghia phan
J~$. ·lir ;ff ~'-- ,?i. 4t 1 0 doan con nhAn ~nh S\I lo ling.
~ ·~ tl:: $ JL 1 , ~ /\ ,?i. 4t
/
Luy~n ti-p
154
l' . . . . •·•···'· ·"'·"""• • ' ' " ' ,··'
[090] -001 pian- ~im pianpian
'·•····· '·••· '""-'"••'"-·• ,.. '··""•. """'""""'""'""""""'"'I""""~" •· "<'·•- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f""' . J
{; [Ph6 tir]
(1) Lt;Ji, cU, c6 y. Bi~u thi c6 y Utm tnii tinh hlnh khach quan, trai v6i yeu cAu cua
nguai khac. .
1~~-}J:.~-!;, ~1iJ-*-!-o
· 1J'J A.~ M~, 1~1ib p~ .&3~ o
(2) . Ma,)t;Ji. Bi~u thi tinh hinh thvc t~ trai nguqc v&i mong mu6n, nguy~n vQng, bi~u
thi .s\f khong h?ti long cua chu th~, chi d{rng sau chu ngfr.
~*~#-!--~~**~' ~~~+~~Tk~, ~b*!
(3) Rieng, chi. BiSu thi trong ph~m vi nao d6.
1;t:h 1t2.. iii~~~r, 1ib-*Jr1~~?.
1t ~ $ JL:t~tif v.Ai>t, ~it~ JL~ ~~iYlo
ifia{; {Ph6 tir]
\
(1) Lt;Ji cu. Bi~u thi c6 tinh lam trai yeu cftu, trai v&i tiilh hlnh khach quan. C6 th~
d~t ·a dftu cau.
* ~~/Jf 1~ fB , ~ 1ifJ~ ~ PJf o
,;. t~ 7r di1 r.m ~R k, 1A1il 1~ ~ t~:: r1 o
(2) .Ma, lt;Ji. Bi~u thi tinh hinh th\fc t~ trai ngugc v&i mong mu6n, nguy~n vQng, bi€u
* 4- r.m
thi S\1' khong hai long cua chu th€. C6 th~ dln1g tru6c ho~c sau chu ngfr.
:t-~iJliJL~- ~ soo !f-fr-J11=i:., ,J,~-tA-ti;; ~ r 2oo ~0
~£~~*~,~~~it+~~~~1o.
(3) Rieng. Bi€u thi trong ph~m vi nao d6.
k ~_!f-;fiJtJ 1' 1A1A1~J&Jtj 0
Luy~n tfp
ChQn -Wi... ~-Wi diSn vao chd trBng:
1. 1$1!FJ ~u 1w)f.:g: x.xm~ ~ mr s<r$, 1$ tE:k f)(tmmr-m 0
2. ~14fM~~7f)gi9J~, ~atf~r~m*T 0
6. /f'iJ:'fik~m, 1tB ~~ 0
~~ [Ph6ttr]
Thf!c ra. BiSu th! diSu n6i ra Ia S\f th~t.
Jt.~-~~-~-~XPt~, · 1~1f1-!-P~o.
* R...£#1~ 5t :f)L1tt, Jt.~ -d!..41;!-Jc)rgp tr.J o
Thf!C ti, tren thl!q t~. Bi~u thj diSu n6i ra Ia S\1' th~t va Ia tinh hlnh dung v6i thvc
t€.
156
;1\~ [Phoru] ~~~J:.
- DSu biSu thi diSu n6i ra la sv th~t.
~~I ~~J:.1~.:Jt~t-~k1~ff-J J6-Jt o
iii it1fl iii' Jt.~ I ~~J:.~~~/GY~ 7 o
- Phia sau khong ng~t - Phia sau c6 thS ng~t ho~c khong ng~t clliu phiy.
clliu ph~y. ~1\FJ::., it 14-:f JL~~iiM-13c o
Jt. ~ i!.14- "f= JL ~ .*' ~ J:. 3!.14- :f JL~ ~ii f3lt- I:R: o
~ii f6?t- *= 0
- Khong· c6 each dung - D9 ~ F;t la tinh tir kSt hqp v&i J:., nen c6 thS lam dinh
nay. ngfr, biSu thi ng?Ia thvc ti, th11c tiin.
Jt. ~ fi-J ~tt i}L 5t JJ~ ~ ~ J:. fi-J 'ti I}L ~iJJ~ ~ ? ~ o
~J1-£o (S)
Luy~n t~p
~~~~~~~~~ ~~m~~o
3.
4.
5.
* oo ;g*1m1n ~ q&J~ ~,
~if ;fJL~
1m1n Ef1 t®:tlfH lf. me~ r'a.J
EfJ Jjj-¥ ~~ d> 1fG?
mrr 0
6. EiiM~~~_t-*~2JLlli/F~, 1m6~~j~~+T o
7. ~ ~1m&m~·~ ~, 1ma~:I:tR£il:&xtB"J 0
.I
~!if [Pho ruJ
Vt'ra dung, vira v(in, vira kjp. Chi S\1' vira dung vS thm gian, khong gian, s6 h.rQ'Ilg,
*
v.v ...
J!.~;tp" ·~-ltf1ij: -14-~t 0
.I >?m~ 1 o
- Bieu tlij hanh vi, tinh hufJng - Bieu thi hanh vi, - Bi€u thi hanh vi, tinh hudng
xu~t hi~n ho~c xay ra dling luc tinh hufJng x~t x~t hi~n ho~c xay ra dling h1c
ho~c dung noi cfin thi~t. Cling hi~n ho~c xay ra ho~c dling noi cfin thi€t. Ciing
bieu tbj S\I v?t phu hgp VOO dung luc ho~c d{mg bi€u thi S\1' v?t phu hqp v6i
nhu cfiu cua con nguoi nai cAn thi~t nhu cfiu cua con nguoo.
~1n-=-+A, -~ taJ .w_.~ ~ iE -* -!- ~\ .% Ja) £ ;ff-=- *'*-' jf_"*f
if~ ..::..5*.Lt.o 1t, ·~~1t*- 7 o ~1n~~A.o
- C6 th€ lam tr~ng ·ngfr, b6 -Chi lam tr~ng ngii - Co the .lam. tr~ng .. ngfr, .. h6
ngfr
1t *-A'"·tt*f, ~1n iE l1i
**
~ 1n iE ~ m ngfr, vi ngfr.
:JJ...' 1t·Jtt~ 7 0. ' ····l!.jX_.fi ~ ~ ~ *- .tt ~
~tl:L~-~o 'J', ..iE.ifo
- Khong hlm tinh ru. - co the lam tinh ru.
Luy~n t'p
ChQn ·tfrtzr, ·tft t5, lE:P:J- di~n vao chfi tr6ng.
1. 1f.J\fflj~Ef<J-=FJfJt)S:!!_ 1f-*, 1fl\%$:*fflU~!
2. ~-1'~~ fi~~l:fFW~-1' Ao
3. 1tEJJ~~*~at1~~---1£*o
4. l!J'SJJ.%/F:k{g/F!J\, ----'"--
0
158
5. 1/J\*1-¥1 ~1fJPJtl~7f~f:IPzi.&o
,
6. ~D~J!.B"Jt& ~~~~* ((i)Z.~i,ij_}~))o
7. ~JE~-i;:j:~{tB, ff~j'J D :p\~J:.{tBo
8. JJd!JL~$-t:~~Jn fflT 1'1J\at o
jftJ:Af'<.i1t, -t7i*'J,,;:_; o
l:ili [s6 ru, ph6 firJ.
s6 tir: Tram tri?u. Tuang tg nhu 1Z.
1!.--t JA rf1 ;t -7i 7i A o
Ph6 m: Tuy?t a6iJ du th~ nao iii chang nua. Thuang dimg a thS phu dinh dS chi
sv c~m doan, ho~c nh§.n ~nh.
3!.14- :f JL7i 7i ~~~%iff 1~ o
...:u:. :k t .<£& •• • .if- ,.; h--. -,:: -,:: -r nr .J- ...:i!;...
.II -T fl. -:sr;: i£ .~.:y;; :£., /J /J /I" P.J A.~ o
159
* so sanh each dung cua ba tit khi lam ph6 tir:
Jjfj
- Nhdt t/jnh, nhdt thidt, - Tuy?t t/Ji, dU thd nao tli - Nhdt tljnh. Bieu th! ngfr
bi€u tbi _nghia khuyen niia. Bi€u thi sv cAm dm1n, khi kien quy€t ho~c xac
can, thu<mg dung trong nhAn ~nh Sl)' phil djnh. dinh.
cau -c~u khien. C6 th€ Chi dung duqc trong cau 1~ ~ -lk ili l&fl'-
dung trong cau kh~ng phil djnh, di chung v&i Ji•J , ~~~J''~o
dinh lftn phu dinh, di ~, ~.t, ~ "iif, ~ ~~- i!.~JL~tl~~' -~-
chung v&i *' n1J' ;f:.
1;t ;f;- tl:: .1& fl '
lk.
1;t ~~- ;.k_ m.1& fl' 1i
7j ~ ,j, U 0 - (S)
1
1Jt];Jfv:A~·~ o (S)
*
- Khong c6 each dim.g nay.
r~£tm4c-~, -trati~jt~+n !7i7i tr.J
{;F;fi o (S)
- C6 thS lam dinh ngfr.
*-r-~~lrll*~' tgr
IJtJa:$t;tj"-~lr-J#/fio
Luy~n ti-p
-=fli, lili, -.7£ di~n vao chfi trfing:
1.
2.
ChQn
aJJ:*±~JJ.*lf~,
~*;Jv1Ji~xl1~, fJt
** §Jtj:Jg~Jjo
~!!1}~!*$tlo .
3. :lt!!t&~U~-=f~, 1~rrt, **
-~'J"J~'o -
4. m
:tE~~ 7 n1f:~, 1mB"J~i!1=f T a<J:ittzv 0
160
I.... · [094] ~~ qinshen - ~ § qinzl I
· · ···· ··· ·······? ·· · ·"T ···· ·. ·.,. .... ·········· · · · · ··•···· · "· r ·.... · ··· · ··· ·.,. . . . . . . . . . . · · . · ............ ··..... ··· . . . . ..
- Ph6 tir: Tl! than, tv. Bi8u thi dftn than tham dv, trai nghi~m.
1~"*~ -!-~1:-r JL, 1~ t ~a}] '21 0
~§ [P~o tul
- Ph6 tu: Dich than,· tl! minh. Bi€u thi ttJ minh, dich than tiVc ti€p thvc hi~n.
JG-if;1t ~ :f JL~:t~$5tk *a -!-1t9:o
~~ [Tinh ru, pho tuJ ~ § [Ph6 tir]
- La ph6 tir, do c6 chfr ~ nen nhftn m~nh dftn than, - La ph6 ru, nh§n ~nh tv minh
tv than trai nghi~m trong m()t tinh hubng. trvc ti€p thtJc hi~n d()ng tac.
f/.Jo
3!.14-:f Jt~JJJJ :li_ ~ ~m J6 fiJt)(t ~ i>L '* ;t*-, $A-f*" a-i--~0
- C6 thS lam dinh ngfr, vi d\l nhu '*' :t t~JJi ~ '*' ;jJ' - Khong c6 each dung nay.
t~~~-- *~~:bo~ . *='~rt . *:t#.~.
Luy~n t'p
ChQn ~.. * *
§ di€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. Jj~~i&~~XA1fJ ij:its<J o
2. J!IX, ~~~*i]J~i-- , ~)Jo~, J!W7f{jj$~~ o
3. UJT -m' Jj~~ }( ~ J5JT ~ 8{] $It-~ j!{lp ~JilT g2}JJ tt B"J 0
4. r'aJ{ffi, 1f.J\/fffl1l!~G'o
;ij~, JJt~
s. 1f.J\ ll~f re• tt B<J g£tt rtJ ~m ~til~ 0
161
.--~··-····~~·
(095] ~={$ quanbu -
............. ·. .. .. ·~·~~.-
JiJT"fl suoyou·-....--·-
... ·"-· ..... N,.,. ........, ............. ··- ........~" ......~. ~r 70·
-i1] yiqie
. __, . .-.·-~g- . ·r . ~ ....... ·. =~· :· ---··-~·~·· ...,.•
D{li tir: M9i thu, tat ca. Bieu thi IDQi thu trong mQt ph~m vi nhdt dlnb.
Jt.P1f if; -r :r.. a~ --m ~ Jt ~ ti:; ~ ~ tm o
~w ~t]J Jifff-f
[Danh tir, tinh tU] tir, tinh tir] [B~i [D(>ng tir, tinh tir]
- C6 the Iam.d}nh - C6 the lam d}nh· ngfr, · phia - C6 the lam d}nh ngfr, phia sau
ngfr, phia sau sau khong ·dung tr.J. c6 thB c6 ff.J, phia tru6c thuang
khong dimg ff.J ~ - K.hong dung cho ngum. c6 tir ngii chi ph~m vi C\1 the.
- Dimg cho - Chl dung cho nhfrng v~~ c6- - Dung cho nguoi ho~c v~t.
ngum ho~c v~t. the phan lo~i dugc nhu .J**' ?Jj";lf ( fi-J) IOJ~~fijlf-l)c
~ ~ 101 ~ fOJM, -it~•), ~!-, :f·tt v.v.... 1 o
*
- C6 thB lam trung tam ngfr, phia tnrcrc phai c6 tf.J.
l!.Jt ~ tt-.1 ~~
1!..2. tm -m ~it~~ @J *- tr.J o
0
- Khong c6 each dung nay.
162
- C6 th@ Hnn - Khong c6 each dung nay.
tr:;tng ngfr, dtmg
tru&c d9ng tlr.
:t- Yrp ~ 69
11~4\~~
1~9:1G 1 0
- Khong-c6 each dung nay. - Lam d$ng m, bi€u thi s& hfru.
T:;to thanh t6 hqp m ~3 .•. lift' ;ff.
- 3::. ~ ~~ J(j3 1!1 ~ Jijf :1[ 0
Luy~n t~p
2. 1}.±~ ff!I9=t~ff~~jfij5fDJ:.mJ~,I¥J o
3. mF5:J~wcat, m~atJF·®~~Ya~:gy- - - 0
4. l!~:F[)JGB<Jil~~ ~=*§srt~':H,IOO%-o
s. ~~ii~R>J ~mtte~ttB<J~ ~'~*0
6. ]g~)iff!~~1£fit\}~~1[~it 0
7. 1J~~~AIE:tE$twB<J ~tt~l!FW~o
8. 1£ EJt~~J:f:t' 1J\~U1Jh1~-~~o
9. J!lrfl~&1~1tt!1fJ~!R% E"J, 6~$iW=!?*UT o
10. ±.~ll~~TM1J~%0§JB<J o
l
f""" ""'·""" i''~'\jif''"·""·"'"'"''""" ""'·'"'"""'·'" ,_.,
[096] iA19 renwei- PJ19 yiwei
.... ~.~~ ...~..~-""····~"' "'"'~-.. ·""' -- .......-.~wY.• .,_,_, ......... • .............4 ••••••• ~ ""'""·~·""·'·"·····~ ......... - r·. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .:. . ,•. ..... "'""'
~_,., ~_,
I
iA;/9 [£>9ng tu]
Cho r&ng. Chi sv.danh gia, nh~n-xet chfnh x~c-ho~c chua dugc chung minh 1~
khong chfnh xac d6i v6i ngucri ho~c v~t nao d6.
4\ iA. ~ 1~ fi~ JJi #:- J!. ~JfR 4}- o
4\~l!. ~ il~' 1*lJt?
~;/9 [£>9ng tlr]
Cho rdng, tuirng r&ng. Chi sv danh gia, nh~n xet sai d6i v6i ngucri ho~c v~t nao
d6.
~ .1£ Jt,A ~ 1~ lt £ ~S: Jf. 0
163
iA:h[B()ng tir] ~ ~ [B()ng tlr]
- Cho rling, Chi Slf phan xet - Khong c6 each dimg nay.
nang Ivc, mang ngfr khi ~ J!A~ ~- ~it~~E-1£1!.~ ..I..1'F o (S)
nhftn~nh.
~iA.~~-~it~~!!
*~~..I..1'F 0
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - NhAn m~nh nhfrng phan doan sai. Phia tru6c
~i£-iA.~ 1*;f:1J'--;t' thu<mg k€t hgp vm .1i *-Cv6n az, ban ad~), -*-*-..
1*
ftjf v:A iii~ fm ~ ~ o (S) '*"'
:1£ . . ~.... );fj, phia sau thuemg k€t h<;Yp v&i Ji *-
(thira), -f!t;)l, ~f,FJ:., Jt.~, 5t~.!1j, 5t;fl-!'l.
~~~~~~1J'--;t, ~~~M~~~~o
- Khi du~g trong cau hi - Khong c6 each dimg nay.
d()ng, t~o thanh cftu trUe :it/ ~ :t- ~ifi ;ft !f_.i.{!l ~;( ~ .it it *f fr-J :t- ~rp 0
il:.···iA~ .·
~~ :t- ~rr ;tt ~ .1- 1n iA. ~
.it Jft Mfr.J ~ ~ifi o
. I Luy~n tip
ChQn R:lg, ~Jg dian vao chfi trAng:
1. {$ 11J\~il, $t{fJ7.f"/F 1tEJ~P~o
2. ~:tm11PJi)flJla<J, ~1' A 11PJ~X18"J o
3. !Jt 1fl\@~~1JU o
4. !Jt--.a 1tf?JI1[i1fl\ 1!*~~* 0
164
, <!, l , ,,
[097]
,,...... ~.,,, ....., , •'••• :: ... o ,
mreng- {}}~ rengran -
·-~•·• ,. ''''"'''-•• ••' · " ' 0 •> l't ... '<,•· • ' ' ! , ,.t::.a~ ..... t - 0 • .... "1'1~ lo ~>CII"t<f'l U U~
{&~ yiran -
A ,,0 ::,;'~ ....... • ~:. .• :.•..: •..
:l;E~ haishi
" ' I . : ' , ,l'.;!o.•.!-'f.t•t•''t- ,.,. .• ,,,,,fi>IV'"',l'U,,.. ... ,,,,a•. t . . l !, ••'·"· .P. 0 ,,,,., ... , •·'l .>• ·"' ~. , '·"'" ,
Lien tir:
( 1) Hay, ho~c. BiSu tW, S\f ll,l'a chQn, dung trong cau, hoi. .
1tjf<.~-k~~Jf<.~-f;;.?
l!.JL1t::fl:~Jl1tJJ~JL1t.1L?
(2) Hay la. Thu<mg k~t hgp v&i JG-iB-, ~-f . . ~-iB-, phia sau thuemg k€t hgp v&i
~' biSu tbi khong thay d6i trong ph~m vi d€ c?p.
JL 1~ ~ ~ifi ~Jt. !f :£., ;t~ -1~ m!fP -Jt * #f ;tL 0
165
1JJ [Ph6 ru] {JJ~ [Ph6 tlr] {«~ [Ph6 ru] if~ [Ph6 tir]
- Dieu mang nghla "v~n", bi€u thi tinh hlnh khong thay d6i.
JL-t5t~, ~~I ~f!k I '*flk I ~~fJ~~i$~0
I J' 4= ~ I 17} t!k I
*' 17i1t...
- Dung trong van viet. - Dimg trong van - Di'mg trong khdu ngfr.
viet, mang ngfr khi
trang trQng.
Luy~n t~p
ChQn 1Jj, 1Jj~, -f«~ :' if~ dien vao chfi tr6ng:
1. ln~:il!liUl&$l?Elxt, PT ~~m ~~m1tmf~JG'o
2. ~~iJlA~illi!ltfJ¥, 1{]\ ~ft~{tBB"Ji!~{~Pelo
3. .:£~~-*00j.~Jlt{~7fJiJ31f:, @]*}§ ~~/j\~J!o
4. P§{f] A,JC7f~€J$]-=f-Pfg, §Jtl~{tB 7 o
166
9. ~Ji ~EJti}W]~, ~1'-~-=f ~X~~~o
10. ~*~)§, {ih {£~)!t3ff?at1~tfJBtJ!i)(o
L... ·-· ·'· ___ -·----~- . . _. . ~~.;~L -~! ~---~e-~~-i-~ =:. ~~~ J•J.~~ ...... __ .......-.. _. . . .
P*"fi'' ' ¥,.. 'Ff I =c= flr'1 te e e
j
!"Wffl'"Si'"f,
Luy~n t~p
167
4. ~!b!J!b 4fJ5'($U~rn-*~~o
s. AOO/G~ofUJ91~, ;fJfitt ~~~0
6. ~~1/J\@1*¥¥1~, mfll<~#i~ ' {&;~~?
7. ~tif/FM, ~m :f-*:X~o
8. ~mJIJ\~ X~~$U~~EJ{j~Jblfo
9. wJ:.l¥JJ:~ , PT::k*WB~7t~~±tk 7 o
10. *-Jli:h~_A$U7il3.-fJ1\1f:~, f£~Ji:~~{ftif'Fo
m~ [Ph6_ru]
j Hai, m9t chut. Bi~u thi muc d() khong cao, s6 lugng kbong nhiSu, thm gian
khong dai. Dimg nhiSu trong kh~u ngii'.
if1~f,lj.fl,i}: il:, ~~it-ko
1tiJL~:ff;!J··~ J -At, ~ 17Jf~·tf o
m [Pho ru]
Hai, rn9t chut. Bi€u thi muc d() khong cao, s6 lugng khong nhiSu, thm gian
khong dai. Dung nhiS\1 trong van viet.
itfli'~ 0
1t1J11cJJt, ~ ~~~~fnB}tJL~4f-!-o
168
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ dung trong nhung cfiu trUe c6
dinh nhu f~ if~ ·tA . . ~}lj no{~ ?i.
- it c6 hinh thuc - I>Su c6 th€ sir dl)ng trong cfiu true cau ~jj I ~jj ~ + ~
nay. +Tinh tir/ I>9ng tir, thu0ng k~t hgp v6i nhfrng tir nhu ~i. ~ . . fR
~f . . d,,.::_;,
Luy~n ti-p ·1
Ch9n ~~;;f~, ~~~ . . 1~ diSn vao ch6 tr6ng.
1. twit ~~~0
2. l.YG?±~~'tw 3f~J~!l:I:Jo
3. IE~~~! /f;J"~~,mt~t$1iu o
4. 1ta<J*
~Wfl, )(-2JL1r~?
s. 1ma<Jmtw ~f~ J~!l:l:Jo
6. jj~*illll%~1~ 3ft-!l:l:J' !l!Pf~ 0
Ph6 ru: Hinh nhu, duirng nhu. Bi€u-rtb.i khong xac djnh, gi6ng nhtr #141; . . -Jtf1t.
~~l!.~ ~~' 1~7t_~tA*-o ·· .
~1t1-¥-~1~ f*mi~, ~~~vJJFJL.W.:ltooo ....
* C6 th€ ~o thailh cdu true 1V. ... .:If. ... , chlnh gifra c6 th€ chem vao cac danh ttr,
d9ng m va.· tinh m dan am tiBt, bi€u tbi vira -giflng l~i vira khong giflng. Vi dv
nhu ~t( ·ti .:1~ ·ti... 1~ ~A~ it v. v....
Gi6i tir: Han. I>~t sau cac tinh ttr d~ tang muc dQ so·sanh len. -,
a-r- .Ktf-1~- R..o .
it [Danh tlr, d9ng tlr, ph6 tlr]
Danh m: Chi hinh anh ho~c tugn.g dieu kh&c nguOi. Vi dv ~-ft., 00-ft . . ·~1l . .
:ijf.fl.
169
B9ng tlr:
(1) Gi8ng nhu, gi8ng. GiAng h~t nhu due ho~c g~n gi6ng nhu. C6 th~ dung
trong cAu trUe .fl ... -¥f-l--At.
1~-3-*-~~1#.~~0
~+A~~~~~?~~-~~-#?
(2) Nhu. Dung khi c~n dua ra m9t vi d1,1 di€n hlnh.
1#.1~~#f!k:t"~ X..*~-t~A, .Jt.{±Atl~.Y 1 o
Ph6 tir: Hinh nhu, dudng nhu. Bi~u thi khong xac dinh, gi6ng nhu 1t1$ . . *1'-.
C6 th€ dung trong cAu true ~l. ... -*-fl1~fr!J.
k1#.~rk.f.fu, l£~1±.~~~~ 11 Eo
~111-it.{±.~JL ~it {J-~ ~ o
1j;J. [B9ng tir, ph6 nr, gi6itu] 1t [Danh tlr, d9ng tir, ph6 iir]
- f)Su la d(>ng ru, bi~u thi g~n gi6ng. Dimg theo nghia so sanh.
~*~.fJ-1#. I 1~~1~o
~1Jl1plj *-~-i-~El*~1t I 1~ o
- Khong c6 each dling nay. - Khi bi€u thi gi6ng h~t ho~c g~n gifing,
.I
i!J Y ff.J A 1~ 1t :bl:bl o (S) nhung khong. co y~u tA so sanh.
i!J Y ~ A1#.1t:kfl:blo
- Khong d€ sau ph6 tir roue d9 nhu - Bugc d€ sau ph6 tir roue d(> nhu ~tl . . ~f ~ . .
~tl . . ~f~ . . .:k.. v.v .... .:k.. v.v ....
:bl.#-1~*~-i-*-1~ 7
- Khong c6 each dung nay.
0 (S) :bl.#-1~ *~"'" 1#. 7 * 0
Luy~n ti-p
ChQn 1j;J.... ~ diSn vao ch8 tr6ng:
1. A,:JC~ij{J~_ta'Jf~, ~~~ "~ ~*"o
2. UJT J:~{tBB"JJE~~[i £~J1-i=So
3. 1-\$ ~m 7 -=B~, -~-~ij{J 0
4. ~ B"J$'twlli::fd>, ~*~tltto
5. :J]t~ ~~-~~~ j] .iJ!tl!I1'P o
6. $'tg/f 1$~&!1~11~~ ra,~o
7. i~~AM~ 7 #-:Je, 1m~~ffl 1§~~1§8"J § 7'6~~~0
170
8. 1~iti)J4m~ff ~§~l¥J :53 t~' ~tllkff~' !lWU!l!&" @\~j·l'!tt mr"~o
9. fJ\At§ X~#? m-liil.f~:i:~lto
10. ~¥&ffi1T8"J%ir if *-f-Ri)JPJf!
I""" -······ "" ... -- .... .... """ .J!~!L~~~-~~~-~=-~~ ~~~~!""""iill""""""" """ ..• ···- •...• J
- Nhfin ~nh cam giac thoai mai d€ - Nhan ~nh cam giac thoai mai de chiu cua
chiu cua ca th€, tam h6n. moi tnremg, CUQC s6ng.
it .K ~ :$j 1*- ~*-it Jlll' l!.fJT-% --r- yt ;!jt-if it.' ~k.k-~~R
~~'
h
1~~t-JZo %3tA.o -::1:-
~ 1t 1~ 1±. :f.J~ J:. A~~ AR -if J~1i.lm !l n;- ~14- J;t VA fl1r -if~~ T 0
JlJlo
- C6 th€ trimg di~p thfmh it# RltJJfL - K.hong duqc trling di~p. ·
Luy~n t~p
3. :g:g~~~}JI1tili~~7i1~11'JI¥J~fr&li1~--~)Lo
4. ~~1f~1tJ:~f 7, ;tt l[Ei"JA~~ttJ: 7 1¥.1 B -To
s. ~ 1 ~~1¥JA~~,~17t1~!fi~j::m ~t$31: 0
6 .. J!**~i~~~~3f1£~ J:.~J£1~ 0
171
10. JI'1:/F1~1ffi~1ff~/F~UI fF, 1tB/Fill~3J<I f'F~m _ _ , JE~31<
I!E~o
l!.JL~~!t!\~~' 1. 9
~&ttA1ll:t"~:kt% 7 o
(2) Du, cho du. Thuang dung trong cac C\}m tir ngfr nhu. )\ .oot~ 5R. '\ )\ Jt~1..
!i~ [Lien nr]
(1) Tuy, tuy r&ng. Bi8u tbj quan h~ nhugng bQ. Dimg trong va ddu, v~ sau thu(mg
k~t hgp v61{~?.;t '\ "iif .it.'\ f~ ih1 '\ ilQ '\ -:!p '\ 1i'l '\ 17} f..& v. v ....
!\~~~~:kt, Pf}t~ff~*~~~o
!\~~~-!-~k, 1,aJt-kJL%~k;flAfo
(2) M~c c/U, du r&ng. BiSu thj quan h~ nhuQ11g b9. Dung trong v~ sau dS bfi sung n6i
ro them cho v~ ddu, v~ ddu khong dung 1!!-;t '\ iif ;t '\ ~ ilQ '\ ilQ '\ .;!p '\ 1!1 '\ {13
?X.
,.... v.v ....
~~~fJ ~M!,, !\~A~.il~A~;ff~o
lil~ [Lien tir]: Tuang t\f nhu !a. f~, nhung chi dung trong khiu ngfr.
!\~~~~*' PfJt~ff~*~g~o
· !\iJt~~---~k, 1. 9 /t-kJL$~k;flAfo
172
1i Mr~ m.-m JJIJ~
[Lien ttr] [Lien tir] [Lien tir]. [Lien tir]
- D~u bi8u thi nghla tuy, tuy r&ng. Nhung vi tri khong gibng nhau.
- Bieu thj nghia tuy, - D€u bieu thj nghia tuy, tuy r&ng. - Bieu thi nghla tuy,
tuy r&ng. f)(mg sau D{rng tru6c ho~c dt'm:g sau chu tuy r&ng. D{mg tru6c
chu ngfr. ngfr. chu ngfr.
it1~ -r !l ;{f li, I !l iJt:ff ,f!, JL ~tl ;tit 1~ -t ;{f ,??,
it1~ f- S\ ~
JL -iftLrt , tif ;{f Bt iftl Jt, tif :t at1'* -tt~tt Jf if;
17
JLift) Jt , tif ;{f Bt 1t o
1
1 ~ 1t~R f(if; o 17
S\ f!k I !1 iJtit 1~ f- 1=f ,??, JL ~tt 11Jfif;
-ift] Jt , tif ;ff Bt 1'* ~~tt 11Jf if; o
- Chi n~m &v€ dftu. - C6 the d~t. a vS sau ho~c vS. dftu. - Chi n~m avS dftu.
~ 1f1 fJ{j SJ 'lm !\ Khi d~t avs sau, ~ f.~ va ~ 1Jt phai ~~J ;t ~ 1n Er.J SJ ~~m
~-~-f, 1.8 ~1ll dlr.ng tru&c chu ngfr. · ~--;ff-, 1.9 ~1n*m
~~!4:1l~R~~. ~1f1*~!4:1-i-1Rikk~, ~ f!k I !4:1l~P<.~~.
~ iJL ~ 1f1 {~-; SJ ltlt ~- ~f 0
- Dung trong van ·- Dilng trong kh~u - Dung trong kh~u ngfr.
viSt. ngfr va van viet
., Luy~n t~p
ChQn m_ .. £~ .. !il iR-. J3tl;§- di€n vao ch6 trfing:
1. 1m ~~~#, {EI-Btt~)f'~~o
2. - -~~B~*~hi~,~~~~~~o
3. -}E~"T-f~'Jtjf&, fj)l{.fP§{fJkE1& Mfl 0
l.... ,,........ "..•..• ,..,. ,.•. '"''·'"·'"" [103] M sui- Mtf suizhe -· ill gen
"~?'·'"·' ·""'''"'·'<"••····"·····'""" ""········'"·"'''""'' -·~·'"""''"·" ""'·'·"" ....... ~····· .• , ..............,.~,. .. "'"' "" ..... ,_, .._,_""""''·' .., .............. -.
· I
" .•.. - .........,. ._, ..,
173
Gi&i ru:
(1) Theo. £>{mg sau ehu ngfr, dftn ra ehu the de hanh d9ng, thay dfii theo. C6 the
di ehung v6i :l.
~ 1-1n at;t
vrr -1-t~#J Itt ~J.t :t. 4h o
.{tJLai.JA.#~jt o
(2) Ti?n, s8n ti?n; thu~n theo.
)tf.:,t_9l1;t at+* fl 0.
1;t :tJL at~ ti-J iii -}-1ij: 11 ~0
Pb6 ru: Hl. .. la .... T~o thanh eAu true F.ii ... F.ii ... , phia sau thuOn.g la hai d9ng ru
don am. ti€t, bieu thj hai d9ng hie xay ra lien tiep.
~~~~tf.J~A, ~~fr~at~-~~0
Lie~ ru: Tuy, .mijc cho. Bi~u thi du trong truCm.g hgp nao. thi ciing d€u nhu v~y,
khong hi anh huang. Phia sau thuOn.g xuAt hl~n eae d~i tir nghi vAn nhu 1t ~ ~
;t ~' ;t ~*+·
M1;t ~ ~ ~, .&.JE~ JOJ 1 ~ :JG~tJ&o
Mi~ [Gi6i tir, ph6 tir]
.I
Gim tit: Cimg vcYi, theo. Din ra nguyen nhan va die~ ki~n din den sv xuAt hi~n
ctia m9t ket qua ho~e m9t hi~n tuqng nao d6; clin ra m9t hi~n tuqng xuAt hi~n
k~mtheo.
--~~~~~' A~~!t~*~~~~~~~o
-Jtff .£~#1&~~-{f*~~~' ~jf-j~;6k#o
Ph6 tir: Li€n, l(lp tuc~ Din ra m9t hanh d9ng, hi~n tuqng xay ra tiep sau m9t
hanh d9ng, hi~n tuQllg tru&c d6.
*
,J, .JA: iJL;j- i>L;j-, ntt ~m at;J- # 1 r *- o
174
(2) Dftn ra d6i tuqng so sanh.
1-tJG ~Jtt.1t~ro ~;t, 1~~ lt-1--~J,Jf,g w o
Lien ru: Lien k~t danh ru va d~i ru, biSu thi quan h~ song song, gi6ng ~o.
#-~~~k~~*' ~~~~~#o
~1to (S)
- Khi lam ph6 ru, mang - Khi lam ph6 tir, t~o· thanh - Khong c6 each dung .
nghia !i€n, l(lp tUc. D~n ra cdu true ~ ... f.ii ... di~n ta nay.
m¢t hanh d9ng, hi~n tuqng hai d9ng tac xay ra lien tlfc. !!. ~k +~JL if* J~
xay ra k~ ti€p. !!. ~k ~JL if at JE1 at + ~ 1t ~~« J:1 a~ .:t:J'J n~ o
I J, * .J~ it~ it~ , Btt 1t ~~« J:1 a~~ ~~ o (S)
~EJ ~:t# r r *0
- Khi lam ph6 tir, ~n ra - Khi lam ph6 tir, d~n ra - Khi lam ph6 tir, d~n ra
nguyen nhan va di€u ki~n. chit th€ d~ hanh d¢ng, thay d6i ttrqng cua hanh
M:l~l.~lr.; ~)l, A d6i theo. C6 th~ t~o thanh. d9ng -ho~c __ dftn. ra d6i
1n tr.J .1. ~ 7]<. -f- -tt ~ l!fJ[ cfiu true ~- .. rriJ... tuqng so sanh.
~~~0 ~~~~~-0 ~*~-~~-
~Pt~o
- Khong duqc dung chung - Khong duqc dung chung - C6 thS di v6i -.f-f/~
v6i cac tir so sanh. v6i cac tir so sanh. - 1-f. I ;fro ~~I ~~ ~ '*-I ~t
a'f *~al*-J~i~- a'f * ~ Mi!b-J!b -~ *.K v.v....
~PtiJio (S) Pti'Jio (S) ~ {J{J 'ft ;JL B!l1~ frb
~-{fo
175
Luy~n t'-p
ChQn ~-- M!5f-. N~ dien vao chfi tr6ng:
1. ~t§tEf<Jftl*, ic/tZJJ-tl;~i4Ji~il!o
2. ~~7, ~tffii .:t~srmrru~~~!l!~t 7 0
3. ~ilifA?£J§00 ~P§{fJo
4.· ~ 5¥J~-*F~o
5. fY1~Wt~l¥f~J, ~~P§{I'Jm£: ~ t&Peio
6. ~Jjfa<JI{tlf~, §{~lli ~~0
7. J3tl~~'~ § 6tt/f'~, ~:l&~J~\0
8. ~- JL ~~~~, {${f] § 6/Hlftk:PBo
9. 1f.J\_% ~.g~, :/$b:WrFl}}fJ§mi:Mii~o
10. ~)tf&~~~ ~~~/FPJ' jj~:Jj(;J]Jt· ~0
~~-##m<tm)*~' ~~~-~~~~~*0
- Ph6 tir:
(1) EJ(lc bi?t. Mired() cao hon binh thuemg, giflng nhu "~7r .. ~f.*"· Thuoog
b6 nghia cho tinh tir d()ng tir d~ mieu ta ngum, v~t m()t each khach quan.
4'-1¥- if.) ~ V!J # JtJ 1t. 1i: 0
176
*fit~! [Ph6 tir]
Lam vi~c gi d6 vi rieng m9t m\lc dich nfw d6.
~#~·f.J:t-;rp~ J 1£-itJ.to
~Jt#Jt*-~1~tm 0
*f. [Ph6 tir]
Lam vi~c gi d6 v~ rieng m()t Iil\lc dich nao d6 ho~c vi coi trQng ai ho~c thu gi d6.
itlt~#~ f.] 1~1tt fi-J ~*0
~Jt#~*-~1~fr.J 0
177
Luy~n t~p
l . . ""·· · ···u· 'ITT .... -.J~~~l_-~ ~e~~. :-:J~~?n.~ . ._..........________ ..._. ..J
~ [D9ng tic]
( 1) Dau, nhirc. Chi cam giac dau nhirc do chftn thuang ho~c do b~nh t~t gay ra .
.I
~Jlln.~f1t~r -i:-o
193 0 X. jf-~{:;~ 1 0
~ [D9ng tic]
(1) Dau, nhirc. Chi cam giac dau nhirc do ch~n thuang ho~c do b~nh ~t gay ra.
;}T 1-#, e.,~~JJ~ ~ ~ 1 o
~~tt·t~~' ~~;}T4to
l!.JL R 4\ ti-J p* -=t ~tl ~ o
(2) Dau long. D~u dfm t9tcimg. Hay chi mire d9 sau, n~ng, vi dv nhu ~ ~.t:t!:t . . ~
?.tJlfr.:ff, ~ 1;-~Jl . . ~ikJL~f . . ~ ~~it.i~ v.v ...
--t R;t:;t- Fl it~~, ~~~ ik JL~~ o
~~R~J~~ ~~m G*-o
178
~ [D9ng rir] 1m [D9ng tir]
- DSu bi€u thi nghla dau tl&n.
,;::..,. ~
q\J?b [1 ~~~
'?G T' *1[Z~/~o
- Thuang la dau vs th€ xac nhiSu hon. - C6 th€. dung cho dau vS th~ xac l~n tinh
1~a~1jj o ~1~~~Jk1to thAn, tam h6n.
-Jo3 -Jv3 -i- -ttl: a~ at 1•* , ~~*i*- ~~1jj 0 ~qf[J£~~1%:0
_1_0 (S) -m -m -i--tlt ~ at 1•*, 1~ ~ ~ -1ik _1_ 0
- Mang. y nghla "cung, thuong yeu", c6 - Khong c6 each dung nay.
th€ mang tan ngfr. =f*"-Jv3*'3 :M f~~ J~}-f-J1J'* T 0 (S)
*"*"~-m ~ f~4J~}-f-J+-k To
Luy~n t~p
7. ~m;t 7-~~0
8. ~~~Mf$Ea?~1~Fm, {EJ~fu:l: {$o
9. ~fui¥J/f$~~~~1tt 1L' o
10. -=B*4~~&1tffi'~U ' f\ti¥J&:~o
l' ngfr.
,,
~ JJ7§ 14-li -:r- Fl -tt- *- 0
179
-J& [Tinh tir, trg tir]
Tinh tir:
( 1) Gi6ng nhau, tuong 17!. Bfi nghia cho s6 it tinh tir don am tiSt rnang nghia
tich C\l'C.
~11l 1p~:j Jf- iL - j t -k o
-Jell#1plj *~-f-At~ 7 0
-r +~1n-:At:$~~-t-!3fr >J o
Trg ru: Dimg sau tir ho~c ngfr de so sanb. ho~c n6i ro S\1' gi6ng nhau. ThuOn.g k€t
hgp v6i "-;ko, 1#., tJ-1#." . Doi khi c6 thS tinh luge thanh -At, nhung phia tru&c
ph~i la ngii' ho~c tir da am tiet.
161~ 1 J'~-·
(-) -~jij~~Jto
~1~~;trnLtut <-) :AtJ~~~rJJ~*--15 o
-ff [Tinh tir, trg ru]
Tinh tir: Gi&ng, tu01lg a6ng, khong c6 S\1' kbac bi~t.
-Jc!l.Jtf.1p~:j *-~-f- M ~ o
A~~ 1~ fro 1U ~tt k - Mlr.J 0
.I
Trg ru: Dlm.g sau tir ho~c ngft, biSu thi S\I so sanh, thong qua so sanh n6i ro
diem tuang dAng. Phia tru&c thuoog c6 "1l... M-1l" .
R. J:.lf.J ~ "ffl1t-¥- If-# 0
~fr.JJ!ft1t ~-# ~ 0
IEJ~ -1W: -~
[Tinh tir, lien ru] [Tinh ttr, trg tlr] [Tinh tir, trq ttr]
- D~u hl tinh tir, biSu thi Sl!.tuang dAng, khong c6 S\1' khac bi~t.
- D~u khong the nh~n bfi nghia cila ph6 tir mire d<) khi c6 nghi'a hl "gi6ng'.
-La lien tir nfii hai phan cau - U trg tir, dimg sau tir ho~c ngfr dS so sanh ho~c n6i
ho~c hai cau, biSu tbi c6 mBi ro S\1' gifing nhau. Thu{mg k€t hgp v6i "1#., t!-1#." .
lien quan ho~c c6 tinh dAng
nhftt.
- Khi bA nghia cho danh m, "" Khong co each dimg nay. - Khi bfl nghla cho
thuOn.g mang theo fi-J, nSu danh · ru, thuemg
phia tru6c danh tlr c6 sfi mang theo fr!J.
lugng tlr c6 the khong d.n tr.J. - #- tr.J -i-6' ~
Pl # lf.J -i~ I Pl *-
-i~ ' 1~ iJL lf.J ~ i,t ~ l1Jf '
&J iJL lr.J ~ lbt ~ l1Jf '
.1;t iJL ft-J ~ ;Yll1Jf ~
1~ -t.JL lr.J ~ i,t l1JT ~ -r-!- o r-ko
180
- C6 th€ b6 nghia cho tinh tlr - Thu(mg b6 nghia cho cac - C6 th€ b6 nghia
mang y nghla tich eve hoftc tinh tir don am tiet rnang. y cho tinh tu mang y
nguqc l~i. , nghia tich eve. ngh'ia tich eve ho~c
~1f1 1~ ~1- Pl.ff ~I ~1ll1j}ij~-f--M.~ 0 ngugc l~i.
~0 1~1f11~~-r
#~/~o
- Khong dung trong hinh - C6 th€ dung trong hinh thuc phu dinh v&i " ~.,
thuc phil dinh. 5-t " .
- C6 th€ lam dinh ngu_. - Khong lam vi ngfr, ~inh ngfr, - C6 th€ lam vi ngfr,
'· PJ#fr.J-RJJl . . I PJ~fr.J bb ngfr. dinh ngfr, bb ngfr.
~0 ~ 1ll1~ fr.J ~ !k
-#o
- K.hong c6 each dung nay. - Khi Ia tinh tir, c6 nghia la - Khong c6 each
thong thuimgr binh thuirng, dung nay.
thuirng. C6 cAu trUe cb dinh
nhu -41:*-ilL-.. -:4t.J~iJL.
- Co th€ lam lien tit rifJfhai .: K.liong c6 each dimg nay.
cau hoftc phan cau.
Luy~n t'p
ChQn fU*¥-. -~ .. -~ di~n vao ch6 trAng.
1. P~1fJW3~-TI¥J~ 1¥JI fp o
5. jj~*t)(~iff]!f4{& _ _ o
6. J!pij*45~~~*'.'.
--- 0
7. 1m~m-m1~i~9='1EA . Pfo
8. *i~, ~~Ail~%~!&~*~*mi9lo
9. xtJ5JT1fl¥J~~, ~1nm xt1~o
1o. 1m1fJ1003.? B<J:&Bii:t! B<J~-£5 0
181
I. [107] jg wei- ~ 7 weile
-J5J [ Gi 61 tlr]
(1) Cho, thay. D~n ra d6i tuqng cua hanh d{>ng.
it~~ :fiJ ~AAe!i~i ~ G fr!J -t~ o
(2) Vi. D~n ra nguyen nhan.
~ ~1i1tr!J~iil.{-~+o
,J, .£ ~ Us.. !'J m~ r7iJ ~ ~tt- tJJ 1-\1ft o
(3) Di. D~n ra mvc dich.
~~~~$~~' ~EM~*~~~$~~-0
~ ~*f~X if, ~1£ 'f mJ it 1 -=..1f- Jt o
1g7 [Gi&i tir]
- D€, vi. Dftn ra mvc dich.
~ 7 {~i1J ~ittr.J .I-11=, 'J'~*-itl1 ~~if, o
~1~~*~~~*-, ~ffi-~~~h~~o
.I
73 [Gi&i tir] 7g 7 [Gi6i tir]
- D€u dftn ra mvc dich, mang nghia vi, al
~~~ 17J1t.jYi$~4h, ~ a $1] fal it J, ;Hf ~ $~1t1Flo
~ I :h 1 ~~ i'J .g... it ft.; _:c 11= , ,j, i!C*-i'J 1 ~r, if, 0
Luy~n tip
ChQn 7g... 7g 7 di€n vao cb6 tr6ng:
1. 11J\B~ J!~*11f±i11i~J, JJ!J§~Jo
2. fJtf!Jj 8, 1t~JXf¥{tb:tB~ ~~_m §Do
3. 1-EJ!~~~~~1£d~: ft£$8<Jt&~
4. ~~~l~J<J!. . ~-T1fJ1* ~'
1 0
5. ~ff]A,J(B"JftlUT*Fo
6. ~1fJ1~~~~1ir fjtfflJ:lfff~B"J-VJ 0
182
1 [tos] JG~ c~~) wulun (bulun)- ~~ buguan .......1
JEW 't''5e't!!!'!,, «mr·e'im~~iftriim=sim b 3 'fA '· ·-· · "p:fs ...... . ,,p,mr, .!" ••• · , ; , ··=· ···, ·•· ,. · · • · t*&W'
..
·~* 1-t!!,~~
~ ~ J]~~ ~' 0
183
Luy~n t'p
ChQn xi~ (/G~ ), :f~ di€n vao chfi tr6ng:
1. f.itS~tt(:;E~~fm]J!p~$, ~~~0
2. ~~:fj~~~t¥~~~' f.it{f]:g~.X/Ft:~)\o
3. {fJ\4;:~~' iftJ"JtiJS~f.ito
4. {${~{t~' Mtlf:llf!{~o
s. ~ott~-tB~-*0
6. 11B~1t~A, 1tB&,~l!l~¥tWo
7. ~tB~/f'1:.fpg, :~tiL~,~3f7fJG'JG'B<J o
8. 11kE~'M, 1m~#cmo
9. 11B~~ ~~' 1tB~~q'~~1Jnitt~o
10. 1ffi*jf*, Jx1n1JJttil*ittuJttqr 0
~~~%~~~~$~, ~~~~~~~0
~~~~~~~~' ~~~~~#r~o
-5£~:fln{rij [Lien tlr] .
- Bcit k~ th~ ni10, du th~ nao di nita. Thuang c6 - , ~ di kem
~~-jp1of ~ ~*~~ t: A.fglf.;ft ik Jt 0
184
7Git [Lien tir] ~~ [Lien tir]
- Sir dl).ng trong cau don, - D6u la lien tir, each dung va nghia gibng nhau.,
nghia tuong tg nhu .:JG it ;t Phai c6 hai vB, chu ngfr c6 thS d~t trucrc vB dku ho~c
~ *.f (du th€ nao ai nfra), ve sau, thuemg c6 ~' ~ di kem.
.:JGit~a1PJ c6 th€ d~t tru&c ~*l~*~~~~k~~~,~~~~
ho~c sau chu ngfr, thu(mg 1JL tr.J 1tt o
c6 ~' -tt di kem
1t~~:ku-fir ~~~~
~* / ~'f Jt. iii, ;t~~Jt ~ f!1 i-ko
. - Khong c6 each d~g nay. - Bi~u tbi nghia m{ic k¢, khong
1t11l ffJ ~ JL~~~, n 1J~A ito _{S)
1t1i1 if.)~ JL~~i%-:kuf.;r, ;}i 1J~tl~ iJLo (S)
mang t&i.
1t 1n if.J :f JL~ ~
~tl~ iJCo
*, ;}jlJ
Luy~n tip
Ch.9n )G~, 7Gi~!mM' :f~ di6n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. ~:SIJJX\j£if:rffi, 11BWilat$U0~ o
2. )!{j( ill~tt-t:--~0
3. 1f1t~~ ~, ·tl{~JG':if'=c*U!-fuM~o
4. ~~' ~ili~j~1ffiJt!JXo
5. !\t {B/J'~f(t{JJ~#JJo
6. ~%ili::fa~1JJT~r o
7. Jt$J$!JJ ili/F,%~:WJ$!JJ, -J£/F~1~~1¥Jo
s. at
1:1: 1r:rr fa:J '\ 1:1:1fll:l:th1r, .R ~1$ wr~ flt- 1E J.m ::e 0 .
9. ~£1¥J*'*$11B1t~:~ 0
1t~ 1t ~ Bt1~---~.L~i19?
(2) Vui mirng, mung ra.
!!. ~ -1~ -t ~ ---~k ;fli_ 1 0
~~+*~~~~~' u~~~~~o
k~-~~~it!i. El' ~~~k;f&_ 10
-~ [D()ng ru]
Thich, ua thich. Chi c6 cam tinh v&i nguCri mlo d6 ho~c c6 hfulg thu v&i sv vi~c
nao d6. C6 the lam vi ngfr, co the rnang tan ngfr va b6 ngfr trinh d().
~4tJitJ-l-~ ,J,-t/J#J 0
~ Jtj ~-f-1£:-H:, .:ktl-~~ 1 0
Luy~n t~p
2. "f1Jt~~~~1tJ?Ji · - Ef<J~~*ffl~o
3. ~tk -w;{~~-Mc$o
4. 11B~i' p;r~~fflB<JAo
5. »tf Jttt~*Ef<JA**' ~tJX~~1f!P.&iJIAI¥J~m o
6. ~w~~~~~~~AB<J 0
7. 1f.J\li B"J1t~~1t~?
s. ~~'J"~I$-iJgA- -
9. ~~ ~W~I~, ~~~~EJ<JAA~~~~mA~~o
10. ~11BJJ)C#1tB,P)f Ef<J~~~~f~/f'PJ~~~ o
186
[111] ~JG' xixin- ff~ ilxi- 1j\J~' xH\oxin
~~-¥~iiitJr#le · · ···wewi .n diri; (' ·,, . tW#=iifuit R ••• ~ ., •• ·"' ·~ 'fi Pf
1~1} *~r<.m·~ o
-M:*- i>t, -k1t.-f- ~t 13 1~-f-~1\; 0
~~~' [Tinh tir] 1-f~ [Tinh tir] t]\ 1 ~' [Tinh trr]
- D~u la tinh m, mang nghla cdn thrjn, thrjn ir(Jng, c6 thS lam vi ngfr, dinh ngfr, tqmg
ngfr, b6 ngfr trong cau.
m
- Tir tnii nghia cua 1G' la ~ Tir tn!i nghia cua ff la m - Tu tn1i nghia cua I J'
$,~. Nhfrn ~nh sv: chu ~ Ct, ~ 111~. Nh§.n ~nh SlJ ~~ la : #--.lt'#J. Nh§.n
dao, cAn th~n, khong gay ra ti mi, th~n tn;mg d€n tirng ~nh lam vi~c can
sa suit. chi ti€t nh6. th~n.
· ~Jt. -1---Mi~Ao· · ]!_ ;:~ _L 11= ~1-f iw ' ~ ~1;t,f:-foJ~R'J'
~~ tB i%,. .:[r _ro,J J6 %~r<.
.f-Io
* •\.; ,. 1.A~ tl:: !_ i% o
- Khong thS trung di~p. - Co· ths trung di~p thanh - Khong thS trung di~p.
1t1tm~lf1.
1~ 1-f 1-f ilf1 ~ J~ ~r i.
1--$-o
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 thS dung d9c l~p
~~~, iJ1JJf-1!•J! (S) trong cau.
1-fM, :Ji 1] Jf-1!1 ! (S) 1 J"~, 1jlj Jt1ftj !
187
ChQn ~ J~'.. ffm!.. 1j~ J~, di~n vao chfi trfing:
1. ~:±: ~~A:f&ito
2. ~ ~~,~~~~M~~ft~~~?
3. ~/G ~~:«<BI¥J»41 7 0
1. ~~~~~~M~~M~£ o ____
8. llfr00ff ~:k:9t' JjtJ~j£~ 0
9. ft@~£ ~-~-~~tr~ffl~~~~~o
10. ~*~~-T1fJNL 00~~33 o
188
jiG§ [Danh tir, ph6 tir] lW f§ [Danh ru]
- Khi la danh tir, d€u biSu thi nghia trubc sau v€ thOi gian
~Jc~ I f.r J€i-!- 1i -t JL1--I!I ·~ o
~JGJ€i I Jlfr J€i ~Ji~-f.~.>Li~o
- Chi ·c6 th€ chi v€ t~m gian, kh9ng th€ - Dung cho ca khong gian l~n thm gian,
n6i v€ khong gian. ~Jlfr J6 *-itlf ~ _::_;k_o
~JGJ€i *- ii 'f 1!13.-lk 0 4\ ~ ~ }1_ lifT J€i $ :}t't~Jtt 0
~~_,%-Ji_Jt,~~;tt;J:Jto (S)
- C6 th€ chi S\f vi~c' IAn lugt xay ra theo - Khong c6 each dimg nay.
~~lb :;f1=1 JJ}] }i_;itJa *- ~ IOJ 1~ ~ o(S)
ruin 1\f.
%~lb :;f1=1 JJJJ ii_7tJ€i
- K.hong c6 each dimg nay.
*~ IOJ 1·~ ~ o
- Chi khoang thm, gian u6c chirng.
~ i17tJ€i kA.111 ~~t-c~~k Jft ;tf.l)lifr Jf; ltA.1Jll}t ~t-c ~ ~ Jt jft
*& 1*] fr-J at 1~ o (S) *& lifil ft-J at 1~o
Luy~n t~p
ChQn jiG§... WT )§ di€n vao ch6 trfing:
1. ~~ ~~~~JW-*~~~##$#o
2. ~JI:l11Jtm ~-0
3. ~~~g~ff~*~~~~-~b ~~Z~o
4. ~ffJ~~~ft~}JJ~J:B"] · )I!W~:£JfJ'L~JI:b${4o
5. 1tlrtE~T- f~~~J o
6. $f~~~ -~J1M=~~J-:5tl*o
7. ~~~r:¥:V!"Ti *~1~o·
8. 1th~* £1: 8"1 1E .If!. iifl ~ T o
9. :¥:1fl!E"1-i ~)(}\ 1¥1 at iJ * 0
189
~* [Ph6 ruJ
Tit truac din nay dJu ...
~~*~.;fJ7~o
1~* SJ Fq*~~tl~fJ 0
-it
~
[Ph6 ru]
* >] -l{Q ~~tl iA..A- 0
(1) Thdng. Bi€u thj thu~n theo m{>t huang niw d6 khong thay d6i. Phla sau d(mg tir
.I
R~o-1f..~m*, ~~k-~~~0
(2) Nhdn ~nh ph~m vi. Thubng dtmg tnrcrc jJj, phla sau thuemg k~t hgp vm ~~, ~.
!f.#.£lm~~' {~~, -.1i.!'J{~fl o, ±k*-~na~~~~!i-o
*f Jf..J.A~ A-I!~ 1 J'~"*' ~5tt~1f1~~~~~~tt 0
(3) · Bi€u thi d{>ng tac ho~c-tr~ng-thai lien tl;lc ti~p-di€n, khong thay dfli.
~ 1i1 1~- jj_ :Jt -11- Jl}J ;}j£_ 0
~i[.JZ q__-A~£l-1fo
M* [Ph6 tir]
Tit truac din nay d§u ...
~~*/G~J7~o
~~~~A~~$~++~*$:JtX~~#~o
190
~It]
fA*
[Ph6 tuJ
rtJ*
[Ph6 tuJ
[Danh tlr,
-1[
[Ph6 m]
ph6 tlr]
- D€u la ph6 m, bi€u thi hanh vi, tqmg thai tlr tru&c d~n nay d6u nhu th~ nao d6,
khong thay dbi.
- K.hong dung trong ~au c6 sv h~.ri. - C6 th€ dung trong ca u c6 sv h~n ch~ v€ thai
ch~ v8 thai gian. gtan.
liJLSf-11tht*- I f,;J *-1i.~ l!.JLJf--1tt-~I-1L1i.~~~ ~~, o
~~ ,y, o: (S).
- _Dung nhi6u trong - Dung nhi6u trong cau kh~ng dinh.
cau phu djnh. i
- Thuemg khong b6 - C6 th€ b6 nghla cho d()ng tlr ho~c tinh tir dung d()c l~p.
ngma cho d()ng tlr, 1tt ~-*-;-~I- A~ fJ , fojf v:A .11\ ~Yt 1Y<. :kt o
tinh tlr d()c l?p.
1tth\.*- ~ fJ o (S}
- Nh~n m~nh m9t tr~ng thai, hanh vi nao d6 luon - Nh~n Im,l.nh tinh lien tl,lc, khong
duqc duy ~ri tlr_tru&~_d~n n'!-y,_~~~- ?n dinh, kJ:long gian do~n, lien t\lc lam vi~c gi d6
thay d6i. . trong khoang thai gian nao d6.
1~~~Jt~*-/ M*-/-~;tt~1!_-ffo ik.1Fiv.A*-, ~-1i.1±.~ 1?;
5to
·-Chi c6 th€ dung thai gian trong qua khll'. - C6 .th€ dung thai gi~n trong qua
~)(t-fJ i!-1R~*~' ;fi~tm ~ v.A;f;JA. khu ho~c tuong lai.
*-I -~!M*-~r ~0 (S) ~)(t4Sii-1tl~*~' *~
@] ~ v:AJ€;- iL~r-!-
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ dung d€ hiS~ thi di theo
m9t hu6ng nao d6 ho~c gi6i h?n
ph~m vi.
- jL~i.Rfr k_;fl!tl 0
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - C6 th€ dung trong cau c6 b6
ngfr s6 hrqng; thai luqng.
rm-.1iTT-~-1to
Luy~n t~p
C?9n rP.I *... ~ rPJ... -1[... fA* di8n vao chfi tr6ng.
1. 1m ~ 71f.r<1i~, J5*7tR~J,m1£ EJ<J 3t:kMi~~ 0
191
4. ~ :IF~ xx~*¥ 8\1 lt!~ o
5. ~YJ!J /FUZlJ::~o
6. 3!-1'-A iJlm/F-~o
7.
*~
8. att&ffifftl!
~u7=*=~0
:(£ {$: 11= ~ 0
9. 1m Wi:~~~, ~~iJlm 0
10. 1tB~>J iAJt, JJX~Jt{g::fm 0
0 [E)Qngnr]
(1) Cam an. Dimg da cam on long tAt, y tfit CUa:D:guOi khac.
A: iftitt! - B: ~itt.
iftitt :k ~!
(2) Cam an. Dimg dB tir chAi lich s-g.
~~~~~~~~~~-~' ~~~~~~0
! J
48\1
--'
ittitt, il ~ mG !
[B9ngtir]
*
Cam an. Dimg hanb d9ng va lm n6i dB bay to y bi~t on Sl)' giup do va an hu~
CUa ngtrbi khac.
~~tl~itJ'1~5tf~~~JIJJo
~~'~:k~-*.;F~itJo
li81t [D~ng tir]
Cam on, cam kich .. Bay to S\I bi~t on Sl)' giup do CUa ngum khac. Ngii' khf nh~n
~nh.
~~*Jtl!,~ 1 ~-ntto
1
1' £li-~J~~l! iJL1t ~ -*1- 0
192
- Chi c6 thS di v&i ph6 - C6 thS di v&i nhiSu - Thu0ng dung dS mieu ta nhfrng
tir chl muc d(> .:k, ph6 tlr chi muc d(> nhu tinh hu6ng, S\1' vi~c khach quan,
ngoai ra khong di v&i ;k, ~F<., ~f#' -t-Ji- *-
vi thS ~ khong dung d(>c l~p,
cac ph6 tlr chl muc d9 v.v ... do d6 it khi kSt hqp v&i cac ph6
khac. ~f*~*! tlr chl muc d(>.
±itiitl-1~1! 1tt~-itt! k~*Jo (S)
- Dung nhiSu ~rong khAu ngfr. - Dling nhi€u trong van vi St.
- Khong c6 each dung - C6 thS lam tan ngfr - Khong c6 each dung nay.
nay., cua ~~.
- Khong c6 each dung tiay. - C6 the lam dinh ngfr ho~c tr~ng
1{. l
ngfr.
~~J~itl ~~J~~~~rt o
- co the .trling di~p -.Khong c6.cach dung nay.
itiift! if.tift !
~if.t~if.t
$~ [Ph6 ttr]
May ma. Bieu thj m¢t tinh hufing c6 lgi dAn d~n c6 th~ tninh dugc nhiing vi~c
kh6 khan ho~c h~u qua. Thuo~g k~t hgp v&i ~ flk, ~ Jjltj, ~;r-:, lam tqmg ngfr.
JJ~ R. "*"~ 1~ ~ -1± JJ~ 4~ if:. J:., ~ ~ -\t~~ m:f o
-:f:~ k.:J<A~.r-, ~~49L~_tt:k 1 o ·
193
$7 [D9ng ru]
Nh&, nh& vao, ciing may. Bi~u ·thi y cam on ngum khac ho~c m9t nhan t6 c6 lgi
nao d6 d~ khong g~p phai nhfrng di€u khong mong mu6n ho~c nh~n dugc nhfrng
di€u nhuy.
~~1tt1~ ~' ~~~~!&.!•] 10
~fr.J~~~~~ff, ~~4:: k:ko
1o
- Chi c6 tha lam tr~g ngfr. - C6 th~ lam vi ngfr, c6
th~ mang theo tan ngfr.
Luy~n t~p
4. ---~mm~,~~X~T~#*o
5. _ _-"f7 --:l:m:km, :tt!tma"J'J"&::t~.:P~o
6. _ _$~7 JL14~~fl, ~~mtrt~7 o
7. - - -1~7·, A~~m{g~~iM7fMo
8. ------~mMT~, ::f~~~~7~~0
9. - - -~1fJ*~-'lf!, ~::f*:f.&~-1$7 0
10. ------~~~' :fM~~~~~*7o
194
[116] ~J§ YJ.DOU- ZJS zhihou- ~* yfiai
. "'"·~ •.,,.,. •····•• '"·•·••·'"-'''"'"'" ••·-~-~··•·"•
J§ hou -
·'"·'·'"~·.·-····•·• • ·~·~""'""''
JS* houlai
•· . '"·""'n' ·""" ·' ~-'·"""''"""~~·-··•~-.,~•..••· "'"·~~.,...¥""'••>·••'"'' "·"'• ,._.....,,,., ....,.' ""· • •. '"• • "''
cAn. Nhung neu la c!u trUe" ,j, 5] +.:t.lii", va chu ngfr ciia 1 ]' 5] h!'nguai, thi
cAn phai c6 -tf.
~G~(~)*M~~~J€i~~*~1**~~#o
~ #1 ~ !j: .f£ :t- ~if1 /~ ;fp ~ i~ at fa] .tlii ;i~· ~!f." 1 ~ (c§n phai c6 .(±.) . * * 0
~* [Danh tir]
... adn nay. Chi khoang thai gian ru qua khu d€n hi~n t~i.
¥~~*' ~1ll)i4J"-f!j-Jfj€:~ 0
195
(2) Sau. Bi~u thi thai gian IDUQll hon thOi di~m nao d6. C6 th~ la thm gian
trong qua khu ho~c tuong lai.
lf-i;ijf; ~1f1 X.-!-~rfr 0
PJ.*
[Danhtt'r]_ [Danh tir]
PJ.j§
[Danh ttr]
Z.J§
[Danh tir] [Danhtir]
]§
m*
- D€u la danh tlr chi thm gian sau m9t thm di~m h~c m9t khoang thm gian nao d6.
- Khong c6 each dtmg - C6 th~ lam tqmg - K.hong - C6 th~ lam - K.hong c6
nay. ' ngii' ho~c djnh ngii c6 each ~ng ngii each dimg
, phia sau ~fiR, ~ dtmg nay. ho~c dinh ngii nay.
R... »..Jlt phia sau " ~
.I
R, Jlt".
- Khong c6 each dimg nay. - Bi~u thi vi tri phla sau nai - Khong c6
nao d6 h~c ~t tv nao d6. each dimg
-ilt.:tt~, 7t;)i.- nay.
. ~ -'-~' :t.Jf; ;)!_ -t-~J~
Jj<.~o ··- .
- Bi~u th! khoang thm - Thm gian bi~u thi c6 th~ la qua kh(r boac tuong - Bi~u thj
gian tir qua khu dfu lai. thm gian
bien tai. ~.AJ€i !!.*f-it 1
;}i1J o trong qua
!Yf ~5t i% ~.A*~· iti3L-it1~~~:t.J€i lm~TJf:.o khu.
- .1L~1£lj} fJ o lfiJL-it1~~-*.~·fr.J~rJf:.o ~ !¥ 1
·;.Jt=-~i%,
If; *?k!fF
~X.i~ 10
- Khong th~ dimg d~ - C6 ~dUng d()c ~P· - Khong th~ - C6 ~dUng
l~p. J!AJ€i, ~ -fflj£~ Jt iiJ tf.J o dimg dQC l~p. · dQc ~p.
1J~.it.~1f1 ~-;J:.Jtdii' )[;*, ~
:t.J€i' ~1ll~~i:tfLikdi1 0 ~ it 1t
~?
196
- D6u c6 th~ lam thanh pbftn aphia SalL - Khong thS
iA iJ;1~Jt.A*- I v.AJ&i!~Jf; lam thanh
tRJ€; phftn & phia
sau.
- K.hong c6 each dl1ng nay. - C6 th~ kSt - Khong c6
hgp v6i s6 each dling
hrQ11g tlr. nay.
it K $}]
a9 J€; iJJJ 7:._ '
~ 1f1 -* -i-
~-fto
- Dugc b6
nghla bm - Thrgc b6 nghla - Khong c6 each dl1ng nay.
nhfrng Cl)lll Ur chi th(ri b(ri nhfrng C\lffi tlr
gian tuong d6i dai va chi th(ri gian tuong
khong r5 rang trong d6i dai va khong r5
qua khu va tuong lai. .rang trong tuong
"*-'ll Jt~*' .i(_:i{ lai.
I~M-1L5f~-ff ~lf-~J€;·, ~·
t'J M-13t o - Jt ~ A 7tJ ;ff
.t Er-J~~ 0
Luy~n t~p
ChQn P.LJ§ "\ Z.J§ "\ ~*"' )§ "\ J§* diBn vao ch6 tr6ng.
1. ~to :!fJ J.JJJ :& it:k~~ IPJ.W ~ ~, 1m tB ~ 7 o
2. ~~ · ' {ffi~]l1!£M=I@it~'f*o
3. ~~Ef{] f»3~}j? :~~~OO~~JiAAY!o
4. ~~f¥Xm . , 1fJ\:tJ-{~1t-i.IfF?
5. 1t!1+1¥tJJaeJi~*It15 7, , ~~ 7 JL~$0
6. JJIJ3g1t!111'J:EJM{E*-*f~::fttf, ~-i~~f~xli3l,.o
7. JZ: {}( ~tJf1tB1-1f1£ 7 10 ~ 0
8. 1t!1:k~*~::f~ mt~~~J 0
197
1. 1••• J!~! -~~7~!.~i~;l!!.~:~r. =;..J~il_,_.r~;i.= . !!I f_ ~6.~r._~---·---'
~Jlt [Lien tir]
Vi, vi thl Dimg trong phan cau thu hai CUa cau pbuc, bi€u thl, k€t qua ho~c k€t
lu~ do nguyen nhan ho~c ly do 6 phan cau tru&c clftn d€n.
~~§~~~' ~~~~~~~~~~0
T£~~~*' ~~~~*~~~~~~~-~0
~W [Lien tir]
Vi thi, vi v~. Dimg trong cau nguyen nhan k€t qua, neu len k€t lu?n, k€t quA,
v. v... do nguyen nhan phia tru&c dftn d€n.
Jt 1~ ~ G )i_-j.Jtrn- Jt, ~ j(Q ~ ~~·tk~o
*-
~-=-lk ~ ;r:: J: ~' ~ i1Q 9t -i-71-t ,~ 0
198
f2Sillt [2SIIffl [2SJ~ El3-=f
[Lien tir] [Lien tir] [Lien m, gi6i tir] [Lien m, gi&i tir]
- E>€u la lien ru, dung trong diu ph(rc bi~u thj m5i quan h~ nguyen nhan k~t qua.
- E>€u khong th~ dfulg q phan - E>€u c6 th~ dung a phan cau d!u. C6 th~ dung
cau d!u. Chi c6 th~· dling tnr&c ho~c sau chu ngfr.
tnr&c chu ngfr.
- Chi dling aphan cau sau. - co th~ dfrng a - Chi d(mg a phan cau d~u.
pharr cau dfiu ho~c N~u nguyen nhan ho~c ly do
pharr cau sau. dling .a phi a sau, khi fiy cAn
.dung Jt..
-·Chi la lien ru. - Vira .la lien nr, vira.la gi6i m.
- C6 th~ k~t hqp v6i lil-f - Kh.ong k~t hqp - C6 th~ k~t hqp v&i m~t, ffi1
v6i ffi1 Jl:t, ffilrh1 iFQ
- Khong c6 each dung nay -Co th~ k~t hqp thanh c~u true" ...... ft-J~~t'~.
Luy~n ti-p
Ch9n ~l!lt, [2SJ ITff, IE! ]g, EB -T di€n vao ch6 tr6ng:
1. it$, JlJT~*fltT o
2. lfLI.*:f.&J1ZlJ!tffi., :f~U9=tlfmc~~T o
3. "fm, {~$(EJ~~~*_t~*o
4. ~{~ffl, fJG1fJ.R~f~~$"Fwo
5. 1m~~U1~12EI, J!fjjl(~a'ffa]pjjito
6. ~{f]:f~g ~~~g;J-..$JWt{jJJjj:_i,1{o
7. ~{f]ffii~;J! {tBo
8.· I1'F**' ?Jt~1it ~11B~fO!Ro
9. ~z;}Jff!!JJ.X:~Jt1Jt$31&~tR, ~~*m~tr1I 0
~:.IJ~-1'-J~~o
(2) C6. Chi S\1' tfin t~i, hi~n hihl.
~t l~ iȤ ~ 1]' 1!a 0
i#l if1 ~ iȤ $--Ag. 7t it* 0
J!.Jitf;fl_=./~ X*- o
~:fl1t ~~lb?
(4) Xay ra ho~c -xuftt hi~n.
~~~1o
fA- I)L ~ 1_ 1-t 0
(5) Bi€u tbi y tUy chi.
~- *1t ~a}] f=1 ~ fr.J ,\_; ~tt o
;If ~A.J\-~ n~J.'f.M-o
- K.hong c6 each dung nay. ... Bieu thi ucrc tinh, so sanh, xay ra ho~c xuftt
hi~n.
- Phu dinh dung ;r-:. - Phu dinh dung $i.
- Khong c6 each dung nay. - Bieu thi y my chi.
~-F... I -/ffat1~
- Khong di vcri ph6 tir chi muc - C6 the di v6i cac ph6 tir chi muc d9.
dQ. 1~~tl;ff ~I~ o
1~~tl;bt):fl !¥I~ o (S)
200·
Luy~n t~p
8. ~~{8 · +JT$o
9. !1:~±-t!r:lJ~fA*~~o
10. ,R~ :tE~Jft, ~1t~~~~~tso
~**~~~~' ~J!Ak~*~~A~o
(2) Sa dl. D~t gifra chu ngfr va vi ngfr d€ bi6utbi nguyen nhan.
~ ;k_ ?.Jf ~.A :Jt 9!§:.Jt.l!J ~ 59: ;{f 1tt if*~ 0
..
r ~ [Lien nr] ?JT ~ [Lien ru] ..
- Dung trong phan cau sau, dftn ra S\f - Dung trong ·phan cau ~au, dftn ra k€t qua,
vi~c xay ra ngay sau d6. phan cau tnr&c thuemg c6 lil-t" ho~c g) h.
1~~1!~t-~kpt.¥~ J!ljjt, ~Jt. 1~~~Jf.~a}j' 11f ~ *- ;k_ ~il( ;t~ Jfi1l
-fij- ;k_ pt iJi 1~ ~ jt ~ pt -*~ I!l 0 *- :ij- ~!t 0
..
- Khong c6 each dung nay. -Dful ra nguyen nban, c6 the dung n·ong k~t
~ wJt 1~ ~ ;}t ;r:: J:.i* ir.J ~ J!J 0 cdu "Nguyen nhan ~ ... 1./fv.A ... U9~ §1 I !t¥.
(S) ' ~k.", ho~c dung gifra chu ngfr va vi ngfr.
~ w; Jt.1~?1f~;r-:~i*a9~ gJ o
201
Luy~n t'p
ChQn .y~, JilT~ diSn vao ch6 trbng:
1. 5fj 5fjrrg 7, ~1n~!OC~f:f 7 '**B"Jl*1rittu 0
N~ [Ph6 tir]
- NhiJu zan. Bieu thi dQng tac, h~mh vi l~p di l~p l~i nhiSu ldn, c6 ngii khi nhfut
~nh. Tuong duang v6i "Ji.!., -i! 5l-i!". Doi khi c6 the dirng sau d9ng tir.
~.pt..=.it 101 ~ 11~ 14- li= ff.J ~ ffi1 0
~ii.;J-;..M-ff:, ~t~i~7~o
-N [Ph6 nr]
(1) NhiJu·JJn. Bieu thi hanh vi, dQng tac l~p di l~p l~i nhiSu ldn trong mQt khoang
thm ~an nao d6 i:J qua khu. Tuang duong voo "-ik..5l-ik..".
-~~~*~A~~,-*~~-~o
I
(2) ... ili ... lr;zi. Biau thi sv l~p di l~p l~i c6 ngfr khl nhAn~nh.
-jjj:1t-.i'f-~P#~-r~lj'\l\; 0
~-.;j-~~~~' ~~~~~*T*o
202
- C6 th8 drrng sau m9t sA d9ng ru - Khong e6 each dung nay.
nhtr 1'& i_, a~' ~l?!, \E1 Pt.,
J.Jt~.
- floi khi c6 th€ t~o th~mh eftu - Khong c6 each dung nay.
true 1§--=- + fl9ng 1ir + - r.
- Khong e6 each dung nay. - Bi8u tm·hanh vi, d9ng tac l~p di l~p l~i nhi6u
l~n trong m9t khoang thOi gian nao d6 6 qua
khu.
- C6 th€ dung trong nhfrng d9ng - H~u nhu khong dung trong tuong lai, n~u nhu
tcic, hanh vi xay ra trong qua khu hanh vi d9ng tac d6 da l~p di l~p l~i trong qua
va ea tuong lai. khu va v~n se l~p di l~p l~i trong tuong lai thi
fl}J :f;._ ~ .f~ ~ v_A /6 , ~ 1:- .;J- cling c6 th€ dung.
~~~~~~0 ±~~~RT~$, ~~~~~~%
-.jJ}-"friA~o
Luy~n t~p
L_____l!~_! l__:!~~~~~=-~!-~f-£:r~~1t:;:---:1!!.~.!1Y~!l.L...-.. _]
~~ [B~i ru]
(1) Thi new, ra sao. fl(mg tru&c d9ng tu d€ hoi v€ each thll,c. f}9ng tu khong dung_
.hinh thuc phil dinh.
l!.-1'-~.st.!f-:t ~ ~?
1!1!-*.:t ~ 1t9:?
203
(2) Sao lr;zi, vi sao. D{mg tnrcrc d(>ng tit ho~c tinh tit d€ hoi v€ nguyen nhan. D(>ng tir
ho~c tinh tir c6 th€ dimg hinh thuc phu dinb. Doi khi ;t ~ dugc dt'rng tru6c chu ngfr.
1~ tr.J& fal ~ ~ i!. ~ ~~?
M h b.:X:. .:~ h 'A?
i& .A 7 ..A...~ A ~~ •
(3) Thi new. Dl!ng trucrc luqng tir + danh tir d€ hoi v€ tinh chAt, tr~ng thai. LuQllg
tu da sA dung -1'-, ~, danh tir da sfi dUng A., tj; V!J, •.
J!.)t~~ (-)@J:f?
~;it~~ (-)/j'-A?
(4) Thi nao. Dimg d€ thay the m(>t each thuc, tinh chftt, tqmg thai niw d6 khong bi€t
ho~c khong c~n thiet ho~c khong ti~n n6i ra.
~*~~~7J!.*:f, ~~*~~~~%o
*
_:kn )_t ~(:k ~ fr.J ~ $}] , ~-A-~~ J! lt. ~ 9J. ~ o
( 5) Sao, cai gi. Dtrng: adfiu cau, phia sau c6 dAu ng~t, bi€u th! y.ng~c nhien.
It~? ~i~dt~1?
;t~? 1t~iA.i~~ 7?
(6) Sao v(ly, thi nao.Tnrc ti€p lam vi ngfr d€ hoi v€ tr~ng thai, tinh huAng. Cu5i cau
kSt hgp vm 1 , ~.
1~~~ 1!
(1) Th4 nao. K€t hgp vm fi-J d€ b6 nghia cho danh ttr, hoi v€ tinh ch~t cila ngucri
ho~c S\f v~t.
;t. ~#~111'-~1~ t fi~;f.l1:.?
-~)t~~#fr.JA?
(2) Thi nao, ra sao. D{mg tnrcrc d9ng ttr, dung d8 hoi v€ each thuc.
;ftPt_,t~ ~#1ttA ft.;?
1!.**-;t ~#1ttff.J?
(3) Thi nao. Dimg d8 thay th€ mQt each thuc, tinh chftt, tr~ng thai nao d6 khong bi€t
ho~c khong cfin thi€t ho~c khong ti~n n6i ra. .
~f~~~~#~~' ;t~#~~' ~~~~~~~~To
~~~~~~*-~' *~~~+~~~0
(4) Thi nao. Dung d€ ho1 v€ tinh hlnh ho~c trung cfiu y kiSn cua ngum khac.
~1ttff.J *-~ ~*' "*fptp!b?
1* .f ~ v.A 16 ~T $-It ~ #?
( 5) Ch&ng ra lam sao. Dung trong cau phu djnh ho~c nghi vAn d8 thay thS cho m(>t
dQng tac ho~c tinh hu6ng khong n6i ra d€ ngit khi nh¥ han.
~~ >J ~!t~~ ~,ffo
~~~m~~*' ~~~*~~~~#~o
204
~;f-f [D~i ill]
Gi6ng nhu m9i each dung cua It ~ #-, dung nhi€u trong van vi St.
205
Luy~n t~p
9. ~l~?:E~fffi~if~ia*E£!~,
10. -mT.PT1m::f~PJT, ~-I:H::f~nm· - - 0
Luy~n t~p
2. a:fiE~tlt~_tAu B"lffil*o
206
3. ~~£F@J%~ ~pij{j(o
4. J\. ~~{j(o
s. ~AA! B"J ~%me~~ ffi1 0
6. 1m~1~ EJ<J 0
7. J~J~Jc- mG!mlJ=f:o
8. ~5fn1m/F1it ~00, -iF · 3i;\{}(o
9. 1m J~~, ~ iEiJl1~ . , {B ¥9: ~ ~1:i] fig-~ 8{] o
10. :JJt &~ tffi. I1Z 1m 1iJg tffi. 0
- Dtrng tru&e d{)ng tir, nhung phla sau c6 th€ - K.hong c6 each dung nay.
khong mang tir ngfr ehl s6 luQ'Ilg. 1~ ~?"' ~il:. k ~ tzJ[ ·ti 1~
. 1~ ,i_ ; .. ~ilk~ PJf'ti 1~ ir.J f; ~~ o ~~;,~·0 (S)
- C6 the d(mg dAu eau, mang nghia it ra. - Khong c6 each dung nay.
.i.?'' 1t ~ PJf ltJf *- ~ tr.J Jt j)(_ 0
.,
*~ 1ik. ~ PJf PJf 1\._ ~ fr.J
Jt-iX.o (S)
207
Luy~n t~p
I
···~···r······~'
[125]
·;o,··..·~".. --,·~··.··r-a-·z~···"i--~..
:lfl)li
... ·
-r·~······"···· .~
zuijin -
...
~-5·· --.·~· ~
Jlt* jinbii
..
-~·~·~···~·-- ····~···· .~ lrM··· ·r·. ..
,.~··-
- C6 th€ lam dinh ngfr trong cau. - Khong c6 each dung nay.
Jftilt#J JZ ~~*--ff' *-~*·* ii*-tr.JIZ~~:k.-ff, k~~~~\J
1\:; ~it-, :fjlj ~ r::r
g)
1\;.J.'
10 ~1*, JJtl~ 10 (S) w
209
ChQn.ilili: .. Jli* dien vao chfi tr6ng.
1. _ _{tB$>Jq~~jJo
2. - -~'=C1t1t7G'Xt 0
3. - -f!t~~~1*~1lJ ~ 0
4. _ _fl"~iJ\, /f'"~tl:l-t:*qro
s. :roB -m 1t1:'=t, ttm ::f*~ 0 ·
6. JL~1tJ!:!~J1*/F*~o
7. 11B1fJ% X~ 1 JL~ Ao
8. 11B I ft=-]I.q(!JIID!5ftl o
9.. _ _ 1f1t~~~llfh?
10. ~ R~~~-}E~~{tBo
21.0
DAPAN
[001] ~ - - %~k
1. ~ 1 -1-x.X 2. ~ 3. ~ ... ~ 4. .:gx.x 5. ~
6. ~ 1. -1-x.X s. .:gx.x 9. -1-xJ.: 10. ~
[002]
1. ~mr
** -
1(Jttt 1 .!fmr 1 ?~
2.
.-tit _ ·
3.
'T*
3fmr 1(mr 1 3f~ 1 ?mr
4.
5. ~mr I~~ I ?~ 6. 1(~ 7. ~fit I .Iffi I ?Mt
8. ~mr 9. 3fff¥ 1o. 1(ff¥
[003] ~ - ,iji\
1. ~ 2. 1m . 3. 1m 4. ~ 5. ~
6. ~ I Jm 7. ~ ... it( 8. ~ 9. ~ 10. ~
[004] ~R« -
*,qi\
1. ~Jm I -t«Im 2. ~Im I -ft(Jm 3. 'i«Jm 4. ~Im 5. -t«Jm
6. t&Jt« 7.. ~00 I -f:&AA 8. -f:&fffi 9. ~1¥.1 I -1«00 1o. ~Im I -f:&Jt«
. \ ..
[008] ~~*K - lttfk
3. ititx 4.~ 5. ititJ:
8. mtx 9. mtX 10. tf!!tx
[010]
I. ~*
*-*-m!*~* ** 2. 3. 4. **
6. ** mi* JJJ!* 7. 8. 9. )}Ji*
211
[011] ~t4i - ~t - ~
1. ~ 2. ~t~ 3. lt 4. ~t 5. ~t
6. $$C 7. lt 8. lt 9. it$$( I $$C 10. ~t~
[012] ~.it - - ~~ - - -~
1. !16'JE I -)E 2. -)E 3. !16'JE I -}E 4. !16,~ 5. !16,ft
6. -}E 7. -}E 8. -)E 9. !16\1& 10. !16\?c&
[015]
l.Jf
*-
2 Jf
.jf-ll
3. Jf 4. ]f£1 5. *
6. Jf13. 7. *13. 8. *13. 9. Jf13. 10. Jf13.
[017] ~~- ~m
1. :if'!16\ 2. :if' !16\ 3. :IF !16\ 4. :if'.m 5. :if'.m
6. /1'!16, I /f'.ffl 7. :if'~, I :IF.ffl 8. :f.ffl 9. /1'!16, I :IF.ffl 10. /F&,
212
-~
[024] t~ -- t - - ~~
1. 'ii!1 2. B~ 3. -'ii!l 4. B~ 5. B~
6. 'ii!1 I ~~~ 7. ~ 8. ~I ~~~ 9. ~ I ~~~ 10. Bf~
[026] ~ - - ~ ~ - - ~iAi.. - - ~ ~
1. ?it~ 2. ~'M' I ~~ 3. tttt 4. tttt 5. ~'M' I tttt I i~~
6. ?It~ I tttt I ~?It 7. ~~ 8. i~'M' -9. ~~'M' 10. ~'M' I i~'M'
[029] ~~ - )}...~
1. h\* 2. JA* 3. JA::f 4. lA* . 5. JA/F
6. h\/1' 7. JA* 8. JA::f 9. lA* 10.. JA~
213
[031] $-.l_- @1$.
1. @1~ 2. @1~ 3. @1~ 4. ~fl 5. @1~
6. ~fl I @~ 7. ~~ 8. ~~ 9. ~}!I @1~ 10. §I~
9.
*~ *•
*• *• 5.
10.
[034] 19 - 19 J t - t i f } t - ~li
1. @/ .@:1! l.1lJ Jl· I :if'n 2. @ 3. ~n I @:1! I PI ;Ilk I :if'li
4. @
5. {§I @;I! I 1lT~ 6. ~n 7. ~Ji 8. @/.@~I ey~ I -~ii
9. {§.I @:1! I PI1! 10. @I{§.~ I PI;Ilk
[037] lr.J - ~~ - J~
1. B9 2. ~ 3. ~ 4. :1:& 5. B9
6. B9 7. ~- 8. ~ 9. ~ 10. -~ ... :ttl!
214
q .
[041] ~ ~' - · - JL
1. JL 2. ~d> 3. JL . 4. ~~ 5. JL ... JL
6. J1 7. ~d> 8. $9> 9. ~~ 10. JL
[042] iiQ JL -
1. rm Jl 2. # 1l
* JL
3.. ITfi 1l I # 1l 4. rm J3. I # 1l 5. rm 1l I # 1l
6. #ll 1. rmll 8. #ll 9. #ll 10. #ll
[046] ~-- @J
l.JS 2. JS 3. @] 4. @] 5; JS
6. @) 7. JS 8. JS 9. @] 10. JS
[050] M: ~~ - M:·tit
1. iff~ I M~ 2. Mtle 3. !I~ 4. M~ 5. M~ I !I~
6. M~ 7. M~ I M~ 8. M~ I iff~ 9. M~ I lftR 10. lft:R
215
[051] ~1 ( ~ 1] ~']) - ~tJ -:t
1. ~tl (~IJrJtl) 2. ~lj ( ~~j~lj) 3. ~IJ/.t 4. ~tl/.t 5. ~tl:;t
6. ~lj/.t I ~tl 7. ~tl (~IJ~tl) 8. ~lj <~tl~tl) 9. j)Cjtl:;t 10. ~lj/.t
[053] l£ - -1t- - 5l
1. w. 2. w. 3. Y... 4. Y... 5. w.
6. Y... ... Y... 7. Y... 8. Y... 9. Y... ... Y... 10. N
216
[061] -i1f - it - i~
1. ~ 2. m 3. iJ?. 4. tJt 5. ~
6. ~ 7. i.Jt ... i}t . . . i}t ... 8. 1?.R 9. i.# ... i.jj: 10. ~ .
6. ~fll I :lti:fJJ I ~f]] 7. ~fJJ 8. Jl:Qfl] · 9. ·7f~£1 I Jtg:fJJ I ii:W 10. 7f:Ml
[069] ~ - ~ ][,
I. ~ 2. ~ .m 3. ~ 4. ~ ... ~m s.. ~
6. ~ 1. ~m 8. ~ 9. ~ IO. ~
1.
[071] ~--it
1. :311t 2. 8 I 1t 3. 8 I 1t 4. 8 5. 8
6. 8 7. 1t 8. 8 9. 8 10. 1t
..
[072] fn~- ic,~
t. m~ 2. iG~ 3. iG~ 4. iG~ 5. m~
6. iG~ 7. iG~ 8. tea~ · 9. m~ 10. m~
[074] *~t -
#i#- - ~ Jt
1. !*rr . 2. nlfr I ~iJ!r ... lhf~ 3. ~~ 4. !*~r I !*ilh ·5. »tfr
6. '*ihl 7. !*lh'f I ~ff 8. !*ihl I ih1 W: 9. lhl.W: 10. ~.w:
.I
[076]- ~*
1. 1::@: I ~~I 3<':~
-
!!."~; -
2. 3(:~.
fl.JJ -
3. ~~ 4. 3<:~
~.JJ
5. ~:@:
6. m~ 1. 3C:~ 8. m~ 9. m~ 10. ~•
[077] ~~ - ~)t
1. ~JE 2. ~JE 3. li~ 4. ~• 1 mJE. li:i:
5.
6. mlJE · 7. mJJE 8. 1M~ 9. ~JE 10. m• I tliiJ!
[078] it*~ --- 5t1t~ ---- 5t:fJL
1. N:~~ I N:ft·~ I ~Jt.JL 2. ~ft~ 3. N:~~ 4. ~-1JJL
5. N:-1JJL 6. ~1c~ I ~1+~ ... N:$JL 7. ~ft~ I ~$JL
8. N:~~ 9. N:ti=JL 10. N:$JL
[079] -4-- ~
1. ~ 2. 4iJ .3. 4IJ •.. 4iJ I ~ . .. ~ 4. 4fj: 5. ~ . . . ~ . . . ~
6. ~ 7. 4ij 8. fij: 9. 4ij 10. '*
[080] *- jffl - - - - -Jct:;i- i$~
1. ~BB I iH~ Iff~ 2. M-* 3. IB~ 4. ff* 5. ~1t
6. ~1t I M-~ 7. ~BB I IH~ I M-* 8. 11~ 9. ~Tm 10. jj1t
218
!:I·
[081] YtA-f - ~~1-f
1. ~~I ~~ 2. *'~ I ~~ 3. ~~~I 1!1'~~ 4. ~1~ I 1!1'~
5. ~~ 6. ~~I ~~ 7.~'~ 8. ~~~~'~
9. ~~~~~~ 10. ~~~~~
219
[091] .Jt.~ - ~ ~J:..
1. ;tt~ I ~~_t 2. Jt~ I ~Wft_t 3. ~Wft_t 4. Jt~ I ~~J:. 5. ~WFJ:
6. ;tt~ I ~~_t 7. Jt~/ ~~_t 8. ~Wft_t 9. ;tt~ I ~~_t 10. ~~~_t
[094] /fr! - * ~-
1. *EI 2. *~ 3. *~ ·4. ~§ 5. ~EI-
6. *~ 7. *EI I~~ 8. *EI 9. *EI 10. *~
220
[101] if~Jt - itit
1. ~Bil 2. ~Brl 3. ~~ 4. M~rl
6. tfBrl I~~ 7. ~~I ~~ll 8. ~~ll 10. ~f~
[105] #- ~
i. ~ 2. ~ I ;Jj 3. ·?ffi 4~ ~ · 5. -~-
6. ~~~ 7. ~ I 1m 8.· ~ 9. 1ffi 10. :1i
I
' li
[110] $~k - - _g_~
1. .J.x..X 2. -1-x.X 1 .J.~ 3. ·.J.~ 1 .g~ 4~ -1-x.X 1 .g:~
6. :g~ 1. .g:x.x 1 .g.~ s. .J.~ 9. .J.)(J\ 10. -J:x.X
I.
221
[111] tllJ•\:; - 1-tm - ~J,,\:;
1. ~~t\ I ff~l I 1]'\lt\ 2. ffm 3. Jj,lt\ 4. ff~ 5. ifll~t\ I ffm
6. ,J,~t\ 1. ttifll 8. ,J,~t\ 9. m~t\ 1 tt~ 10. tt~
[115} -:t-t - ~~
1. $~I ~:'S" 2. ~-=i§" 3. $-5 4. $-5 I ~-=i§" 5. $"5 I ~"5
6. $-5 I ~-5 7. ~-5 8. $-5 I ~-=i§" 9. $-5 10. $-=i§" I ~~
[116] v:AJ&; -
1. m*
1 ~m 2.
:t.Jf; -
w.* ·3. m
v~*- -
4". ~m 1 zli5
Jf; -
t?J.JJ5 1
5.
Jf; *zm m*1
6 .. ~m 1. zm 8. w.m 1 zm 9. ~m 10. ~J§ 1 zm
[117] mlllt.
- ~lw1Q
.
- ~~ _ . tll-t
1. r2979 I m-T 2. Jl51~ I Jl5llffl 3. fJSI79 I m-T 4. mr ... ~~I ~ffii 5. E§~
6. 1251~ 1 m-T 1. ~-79· 8. IZil~ 1 m-r 9~ E§7g 10. ~lltt 1 r~nm
222"
[121] ~~ - ;t.~~.f-- ;t~.f-
1. ~-2,. I ~-2,.~ I ~~ ... ;i;-2,. I ~-2,.~ I~~ 2. ~-2,. 3. ~-2,.
4. ~ff I ;t;-2,.1¥- 5. ~-2,. 6. ~-i. I ~-2,.~ I ~t¥ ... ~-2,. I ;i;-2,.l¥ I ~~
7. ~-2,. 8. ~~I ~-i.~ 9. ~-i. 10. ~~ I~~~
-· ...
223·
TT CHUriN TltNG TRUNG HOAI PHUONG HSK
(Co Hoai Phtrong- GV/ NCS Tien Sy Khoa Trung DH Ha N(}i)
Bia chi: NHA so 1- c6NG TRUONG DH HA NQI
***
•"
v6i hon 1000 ctiu saeh eac
linh vvc d8nh ri@n~ cho DAN TIENG TRUNG!
GIAO SACHTOAN QU6c !!!
:::=>FanPage: Trong Tam Bach Tiing Tnmg Hoai Phu-cmg Hsk
• he
Cac Iolf BBCP- h9e bi\ng khAng tt, ngin Jb,n cae loti eae B~I HQC,
~C sf, TffiN S~ vOi cac trtrinlg BH 1611 qi Trung QU4c & Bld Loan
CBIP:oiC~TRANH-NGUONHQCBONGUYTfN.!U
=>FanPage: H(Jc Bdng Du Hpc Toan PMn Trung Quk Hoai Plnrung ~k
.t/
«a
Saclt, vlt, but, tiTmg hoc ti@ng trung (116ng minh tta ·ning Ctfe 48o
· GIAOBANGTOAN.QUOC!U
=>FanPage: Y.JNPHONG PHJM T(fB.i.O Hoai Phu-ung Hsk
1
1
----------- . -·-
1
1
I