18 2564

: , 2530
2563
/
/ Hydrologic Cycle/Water Cycle
/ Hydrologic Cycle/Water Cycle
/ Hydrologic Cycle/Water Cycle
 ,
, ,
%
,
%
o

o
 150

Source: Prof Ken Howard, Osaka Cut, 200

 3

GROUNDWATER
X X X

99%
Source: Prof Ken Howard, Osaka Cut, 2003
 Aquifer

Aquifer
- Porosity
- Permeability
 1.
2.

1.

2.

: https://serc.carleton.edu
 1. (Unconfined Aquifer)
2. (Confined Aquifer)
3. (Perched Aquifer)

: https://www.ngwa.org
 1.
2.

: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu
1 (voids / interstices)
2 (fractures / joints)
3 (Bedding planes)
4
(Unconformities)
5 (cave / cavities)
(Deposition environment of sediments)
Delta

Braided stream
Meandering stream Alluvial fan
 (Deposition environment of sediments)
Flood plain Colluvium

Beach sand Colluvium

(Consolidated rocks in Thailand)
(Igneous rocks)
(Granite) Andesite (Basalt)

Volcanic Tuff) Rhyolite Granodiorite

 (Consolidated rocks in Thailand)
(Clastic sedimentary rocks)

(Shale) (Mudstone) (Siltstone)

(Sandstone) (Conglomerate) (breccia)

(Consolidated rocks in Thailand)
(Crystalline sedimentary rocks)
(Limestone)
(Metamorphic rock)

(Slate) (Phyllite) (Schist)

(Gneiss) (Hornfels) (Marble)

 (Collision of continental
plates)
 (Collision of continental
plate and oceanic plates)
 (Collision of oceanic plates)
-
-
 (strike & dip of strata)
 (Folds)
 (Fault, fractures, joints)
 (unconformities)
(Folded structures)
(Faulted structures)
(Fractures, joints)
(Unconformities)
 1. (Porosity, n) %

Porosity = Specific yield + Specific retention

: http://www.geo.mtu.edu
 2. (Permeability, K)
:

: https://line.17qq.com
3. (Transmissivity, T)
1

: https://www.marlborough.govt.nz
 (K)
K = T/b
K=
T=
b=
 4. (Storativity, S)

1
: Youtube, Hydrogeology 101
 (T), (K), (S)
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

(Pumping test)
(T), (S)
Cone of Depression
 1
= -

: https://www.postandcourier.com
 2

: http://www.scienceforthepeople.net
 (Non interference well )

: https://www.chazencompanies.com
 (Interference well )

: http://groundwater.sdsu.edu
- Mud rotary
- Air rotary
- Mud rotary/ Air rotary

- Reverse rotary
10”
- Percussion
1. Mud rotary
2. Air rotary
3. Mud rotary Air Rotary
4. Reverse rotary rig
8”
5. Percussion rig
Rotary
 DTH
Air
PDC

Drag Bit
 Data Analysis / Desk study)
(General information)

 (Existing GW wells)
 (Topographic Map)
 (Geologic map)
 (Hydrogeologic map /
Groundwater Availability Map)
 (Aerial photographs/
Satellite Images)
 (Previous work /
reports)
Data Analysis / Desk study)
 Data Analysis / Desk study)
(Geologic Map)

-
 Data Analysis / Desk study)
(Hydrogeologic Map)

– –
 Data Analysis / Desk study)
(Groundwater Availability Map)

-
 2.
1
2
3

Electrical Resistivity survey)

 2.

 /

 2.

 (Geological Survey)
 (Hydrogeological Survey)
 (Surface Geophysical Survey)
 (Test well drilling)
 (Borehole geophysical logging)
 2.
(Surface geophysical survey)
1. (Seismic refraction
method)
2. (Gravity method)
3. (Resistivity
method)
4. (Electromagnetic
method)
5. (Magnetic method)
 Analysis & Site Selection)


Direct rotary rig)
Reverse circulation rig)
Direct rotary rig)
Percussion rig)
Well Drilling and Aquifers examination)

Samples examination)

Electrical Logger)
-
-
-
5
Well design and Well Construction)
 (Geophysical Borehole Logging)





 (Cuttings)

 (Casing design) (Blank casing)

(Perforated casing)
Electrical logging
Spontaneous potential or Self potential (SP)

 SP
Resistivity (R)


Gamma ray log

SP / R
SP / R
SP R
/

/
/
(Well Design)

32”

36”
ASTM
PVC
 Well development)


- Bailing
- - Air Lifting32”
Air Surging
36”

Pumping
Jetting
 Well development)
Bailing

Bailer
- 32”

36”
 Well development)
(Air lifting)

32”

36”
 Well development)
(Air surging)

- 32”

36”
 Well development)
(Pumping)

- 32”

36”
 Well development)

- 32”

36”
 Well development)
Jetting
7 Pumping Test)

• Orifice
•
•

32”

36”
7 Pumping Test)
Water Level Measurement

32”

36”
 7 Pumping Test)
2
1. ( Step drawdown test)

200 3/
32”
4 113 3/
36”
144 3/
169 3/
113,144,169,203 3/
203 3/
7 Pumping Test)
2. ( Constant yield test)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00
32”
20.00
213 3/
36”
25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00
 7 Pumping Test)

1.
1.1 Specific capacity ) (Yield/Drawdown)
Q=100 3/ Q=100 3/ Q=80 3/

5 5 5
DD=5 DD=5
10 32” 10
Specific capacity DD=10

15 36”

SC=100/5=20 SC=100/10=10 SC=80/5=16

7 Pumping Test)

1.2
- Transmissivity (T)
- Hydraulic conductivity (K)
- Storativity (S)



 (procedure of pumping test method)



•
•
•
 Water Quality Analysis)


 Design & Construction of Water treatment unit & Distribution system)


Reverse Osmosis

Submersible pump
Uses)