DPP D3

PROJECT

KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA

KUANTAN PAHANG

TITLE

CHARGING SYSTEM

SESSION: JAN-MAY 2022

AHMAD SOLIHIN BIN MOHAMAD ROSLI

NAME MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI
MUHAMMAD HANIF BIN ROHIMI
MUHAMMAD HAIQAL AMRI BIN MOHAMED BISMI
MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD
MUHAMMAD SAIFUL BIN MAHASAN
TUN MUHAMMAD SYAKIR BIN TON MAMAT

1925907
MATRIX NO 1925916 SEMESTER 4
1925917
1925909
1925903
1925915
1925902

DMA20042 – AUTOMOTIVE
CODE & SUBJECT
SYSTEMS
LECTURER / VTO EN. ANUAR BIN PIJI
SUBMISSION DATE 20/05/2022
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 DPP D

OBJECTIVE

– Create a training model of the appropriate vehicle systems.

– Discuss the technical specification and function of the structure and components of the
training model.
– Discuss the operation of the trainer equipment models.

INTRODUCTION

The vehicle is equipped with many electrical devices to drive safely and
comfortably. The vehicle requires electricity not only while driving but also while it
stops. Therefore, the vehicle has a battery for a power supply and a charging system
to generate electricity by the engine running. The charging system supplies electricity
to all the electrical devices and charges the battery.

The Charging system is an important part of the electrical system. It provides

electrical current for the lights, the radio, the heater, the engines electrical systems,
and other electrical accessories. It also maintains the batteries in a charged state,
recharging them as necessary. The charging system has three main components: the
alternator, the voltage regulator, and the batteries.

The alternator generates electrical power to run accessories and to recharge

the batteries. It is normally driven by a belt located off the crankshaft. Mechanical
energy from the crankshaft is converted by the alternator into electrical energy for the
batteries and accessories. The voltage regulator acts as an electrical traffic cop to
control the alternator output. It senses when the batteries need recharging, or when
the vehicles electrical needs increase and adjust the alternator’s output accordingly.

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 The batteries are a reservoir of chemical electrical power. Their primary purpose
is to crank the engine. They also supply power to vehicle accessories when the
electrical load is too great for the alternator alone.

Three-phase alternating current

 When a magnet rotates within a coil, a voltage will be created between

both ends of the coil. This will give rise to an alternating current.

 The relation between the current generated in the coil and the position of
the magnet is as shown in the figure. The largest amount of current is
generated when the N and S poles of the magnet are closest to the coil.
However, the current flows in the opposite direction with each half-turn of
the magnet. Current that forms a sine wave in this manner is called
“single-phase alternating current”.

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 DPP D
MODEL ASSEMBLY:

This is the model assembly of the charging system trainer:

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

 Wiring Diagram

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

 Voltage, amp, etc

– Battery : 12V, 20 amp

– Alternator : 12V, output range from 40 amp to 120 amp

– Voltage Regulator : 12V

– Indicator Light : 12V

FUNCTION OF THE TRAINER MODELS ASSEMBLY AND COMPONETS

 The major purpose of this training method is to allow students to study the Charging
system's function and components in depth after learning the theory. This will
provide students with early exposure to practice rather than just theory.

 The trainer system is to create a more approachable system that students can watch
closely and learn on the flow of the wiring for charging system.

 Students must comprehend the system, the wiring flow, and even how to build the
trainer model in order to create it. This gives students practice and allows them to
gain a better understanding of the system.

 Another advantage of the trainer model is that the component can be easily placed
rather than seen on the vehicle. The components in the charging system trainer
consist of :- Battery, alternator, on/off button, voltmeter, motor, indicator light, and
voltage regulator.

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OPERATION OF THE MODEL ASSEMBLY

 The first operation of the model assembly is fabricating the steel frame for the model
trainer. Hollow steel bar are cut into several length to create the frame.

 Welding process is used to connect the steel frame together.

 Welding process is used to connect the steel frame together and grinding process is
used to smoothen the surface and remove burrs.

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 Then, the steel frame is sprayed, and some plywood is cut to fit as the platform for
the trainer model.

 The base platform and frame is assembled .

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 Then, mounting parts for the model trainer components is fabricated by welding and
drilling. It is then assembled to the base using fasteners.

 Then, the wiring system and components are mounted on a mounting board.

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 The components and the mounting board is then assembled with the base.

 Some wiring is done then, the components are connected, and the training model is
finish .

 Charging System Model Trainer

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DISCUSSION

The charging system has two essential function :

 Generate electrical power to run the vehicle electrical system.
 Generate current to recharge the vehicle battery.

Electrical power : At low engine speed the battery may supply some of the power of the
vehicle need at high engine speed the charging system handle all of the vehicle electrical
requirement.
Charging : Alternator output is higher than bettery voltage to recharge the battery.The
alternator supplies power for the vehicle when the engine is running and engine speed is
above idle.

This component make up the charging system :

 Alternator
 Voltage regulator
 Battery
 Charging Indicator

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CONCLUSION

After that, we learned about how the charging mechanism works. After that, we'll learn
about vehicle electrical power and how the system charges. Aside from that, we know the
charging system component and how the charging system current changes under these
three different operating conditions. After that, we can determine the wiring flow. Finally, the
trainer model is quite useful for gaining a deeper knowledge of the system. The goal of this
project is  archive.

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REFERENCE

References:

I. https://innovationdiscoveries.space/charging-system-components-functions-
working-principle-and-diagnosis-tips/amp/

II. https://www.cars.com/auto-repair/glossary/charging-system/

III. https://studentlesson.com/charging-system-definition-functions-parts-working/

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