Module2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr.M.Karthikeyan
Professor and Head
Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE
Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 1
Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

MODULE-2 8 HOURS

Composite materials:
Definition, classification, types of matrix materials & reinforcements,
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
and Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs), Particulate reinforced and
fiber- reinforced composites, Fundamentals of production of
composites, hybrid composites. Applications of composite materials.

Smart Materials:
Piezoelectric Materials, Electrostrictive Materials, Magnetostrictive
Materials, Magnetoelectric Materials. Magnetorheological Fluids,
Electrorheological Fluids, Shape Memory Materials, Fiber-Optic Sensors

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 2

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Composite materials: Definition

A composite material is a combination of two or more materials
having compositional variations and showing properties
distinctively different from those of the individual materials of
the composite.
The composite material is generally better than any of the
individual components as regards their strength, heat
resistance, or stiffness.

Composites include the following:

(i) Multiphase metal alloys

(ii) Ceramics
(iii) Polymers.
Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 3
Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Other features of composites include the following:

(1) The distribution of materials in the composite is controlled by mechanical means.
(2) The term composite is usually reserved for materials in which distinct phases are
separated on a scale larger than atomic, and in which the composite’s mechanical
properties are significantly altered from those of the constituent components.
(3) The composite can be regarded as a combination of two or more materials that
are used in combination to rectify a weakness in one material by a strength in
another.
(4) A recently developed the concept of composites is that the composite should not
only be a combination of two materials, but the combination should have its own
distinctive properties. In terms of strength, heat resistance, or some other desired
characteristic, the composite must be better than either component alone.

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 4

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology
What are these desired properties obtained through Composite
Materials?
• Strength
• Stiffness
• Toughness
• Corrosion resistance
• Wear resistance
• Reduced weight
• Fatigue life
• Thermal/Electrical insulation and conductivity
• Acoustic insulation
• Energy dissipation
• Attractiveness, cost,
•Tailorable properties etc

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 5

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology
Composite materials: Examples
(i) Pearlitic steels.
The pearlitic steels have a microstructure consisting of alternating layers of a alpha ferrite and
cementite; the ferrite phase is soft and ductile, whereas cementite is hard and very brittle. The
combined mechanical characteristics of the pearlite, reasonably high ductility and strength, are
superior to those of either of the constituent phases.
(ii) Wood.
It is one of the examples of composites that occur in nature. It consists of strong and flexible
cellulose fibers surrounded and held together by a stiffer material called lignin. (Lignin is an
important organic polymer that is abundant in the cell walls of some specific cells. It has many
biological functions such as water transport, mechanical support and resistance to various
stresses)
Plywood is the composite of thin sheets of wood with grains of alternate sheets perpendicular to
each other and bonded together by a polymer in between them.
(iii) Bone
Bone is a composite of strong but soft collagen (a protein) and hard but brittle apatite (a mineral).
Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 6
Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Classification of Composites:
• Matrices:
➢ Organic Matrix Composites (OMCs)
➢ Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)
➢ Carbon‐carbon composites (CAMCs)
➢ Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)
➢ Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)
• Reinforcements:
➢ Fibers-reinforced composites
➢ Structural composites
➢ Particulate composites

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Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 8

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 9

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 10

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 11

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 12

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 13

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 14

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 15

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 16

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 17

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 18

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 19

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 20

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 21

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 22

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 23

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 24

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 25

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 26

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 27

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Strength to the

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 28

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 29

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

and strong

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 30

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 31

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 32

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 33

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 34

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 35

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 36

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 37

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 38

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 39

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 40

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 41

Module 2 18RA32 Manufacturing Technology

Dr. M K, Professor and Head, Dept. of Robotics and Automation, RRCE 42