A1 English Cavabları

A1
LANGUO
ELEMENTARY
Student’s Book
1 ENVIRONMENT
© 2020 OSTİM Technical University. All Rights Reserved.
Contributors: Tuba Berk, Dr. Muammer Sanli, Dr. Ahmet Uludag, Elif Dogdu Ucel, Husameddin Demir,
Dr. Murat Yulek
LANGUO
Cover Design: Dogus Yuksel
Interior Design: Koray Solak
ISBN OSTİM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Printed in Ankara- Turkey.
Printed by Flying Goose
“images: unsplash.com. The images in the book have been designed using resources from unsplash.
com”
“images: Freepik.com. The images in the book have been designed using resources from Freepik.
com”
2020
Ankara
Contributors
In the production of this book, a number of people had significant contributions. Tuba Berk is the principal author of the
organic unit contents of Languo English Course Books. In this unique and challenging initiative, OSTIM Technical University
Foreign Languages Department Instructors contributed with their professional in-depth expertise: Dr. Muammer Sanli, Tuba
Berk, Dr. Ahmet Uludag, Elif Dogdu Ucel, and Husameddin Demir reviewed, revised, and edited the whole series and authored
unit practices. TRT supported audio recordings. The audio narrators are Elif Dogdu Ucel, Sibel Corabatir, Sinan Corabatir,
and Tuba Berk. Koray Solak designed these books. Dr. Murat Yulek, the Rector of OSTIM Technical University, has the vision
for Languo English Course Books.
Unit Grammar (G) Reading (R) Writing (W) Speaking (S) Listening (L) Whole Person Learning (WPL)
• Simple present tense- to be • Identifying key information in a • Writing sentences/ paragraph • Using simple phrases/ sentences to • Identifying gist • Dictionary skills
reading text describe things.
• Singular (a/ an)/ Plural nouns to describe places (guided writing) • Listening to a short lecture and taking notes • Conducting a mini research on an
• Locating specific information
• Demonstrative Pronouns • Using notes to answer questions
1
unfamiliar topic
• Subject/object possessive pronouns and
possessive adjectives
• Has/Have got
Environment • Question words

• There is/there are
• Imperatives
• Numbers
• Countable, uncountable nouns • Identifying key information in a • Writing simple sentences • Simple communication • Identifying speakers • Introduction to creativity
2
reading text (imaginary setting)
• Quantifiers (some, a lot of, any, much, • Identifying specific information and take • Conducting a mini research on an
many) • Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar notes unfamiliar topic
words from the context
• Degree adverbs (very, quite, pretty) Using background knowledge to
• Using background information to
make a guess
understand the gist
Environment
• Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar • Dictionary skills
vocabulary items from context
3
• How much/ How many • Understanding simple instructions • Writing simple sentences • Asking and answering simple • Listening to short lectures to take notes • Comparison
• Have/ have got questions about a familiar topic under headings • Introduction to creativity
• Hate/ like + Ving • Dictionary skills
• Giving instructions
Technology
• Comparatives
4
• Modals: Should (advice) • Understanding gist • Writing a guided dialogue • Asking and answering questions • Understanding key information in short • Conducting a mini research on an
about a familiar topic unfamiliar topic
• Can (ability, possibility) dialogues
• Dictionary skills
• Future Tense: Will (possible future events)
Technology • Question words (How much, How many)
5
• Present simple tense • Identifying key vocabulary • Using simple phrases for • Asking and answering questions • Understanding key information in short • Introduction to creative thinking
about a familiar topic lectures and taking notes
• Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, • Identifying key information in a describition • Using background knowledge to
sometimes, rarely, never) reading text come to a conclusion
• Personality adjectives • Locating specific information • Conducting mini research on a
Art, Design, semi- familiar topic
Psychology
6
• Present continuous tense • Identifying the function of short texts • Writing a short paragraph on a • Asking and answering simple • Listening to a lecture and taking notes • Establishing a relation between two
questions on very familiar topics different topics
• Going to (future plans) familiar topic
Art, Design,
Psychology
7
• Simple past tense-regular/ irregular • Locating and understanding specific • Writing a short paragraph on • Asking and answering simple • Listening to a lecture and taking notes • Establishing a relation between two
(finished actions in the past) information questions on very familiar topics different topics
a familiar topic
• Comparatives (show similarities and
differences)
Business,
Entrepreneurship,
Innovation
8
• Present perfect tense • Locating and understanding specific • Writing a short paragraph on a • Asking and answering simple • Listening to a lecture and taking notes • Establishing a relation between two
information questions on very familiar topics different topics
• Can (ability) familiar topic
• Introduction to creative thinking
• Compound words
• Conducting mini research on a
Business, semi-familiar topic
Entrepreneurship,
Innovation
Unit -1
Foreword
Instructor’s Guide
Languo language learning set is a new way of teaching language and is aligned with the objectives of the Common European
Framework of Reference (CEFR). The set consists of four books corresponding to different learning levels:
Languo A1 Coursebook: Elementary Level
Languo A2 Coursebook: Pre-Intermediate Level
Languo B1 Coursebook: Intermediate Level
Languo B2 Coursebook: Upper-Intermediate Level
Each Languo coursebook consists of eight units revolving around four main themes:
Languo has been designed for learners of English language at university level. Its overarching emphasis is on English for academic Unit 1&2: Environment
and professional purposes. The learning set, which is aligned with the objectives of Common European Framework of Reference Unit 3&4: Technology
(CEFR), consists of four books. Unit 5&6: Art, Design and Psychology
Unit 7&8: Business, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Languo plays the role of a guide or a facilitator rather than a source which transfers dry information. It employs the Constructivist
Inductive Method (CIM) which encourages autonomous learning where learners are encouraged to take responsibility for their Each unit is divided into three main parts, Parts A, B and C. Part A is based on a reading text while Part B is based on a
own learning. Learners are given necessary tools to notice the rules of a grammatical structure which is presented in specific listening text. The texts are used to arouse curiosity and interest in the topics and give learners a meaningful reason to
contexts. explore more on the topics. To be able to do this, the learner has to conduct research, read beyond what is already provided
for them. In other words, the texts are given as a springboard to incorporate other related themes. Part C provides the
Languo adopts a thematic approach which arouses curiosity in learners and helps them engage in meaningful tasks and activities. learners with further practice.
There are four main themes in each book;
Part A guides the learners to discover the language structures by themselves using the reading text and practice them
• Environment, mechanically first by digesting the patterns, and then by utilizing the structures in meaningful contexts at the production
stage. Languo encourages the learning principle: “Learning takes place when students actively read and actively listen”.
• Technology, Throughout the book, the learners are provided with sufficient spaces to manually write on the book. It is highly recommended
that the learners read the texts actively with a pencil in hand. Active reading principle involves writing questions that the
• Art, Design and Psychology, reading triggers in the margins. Learners should be in the habit of doing this from the very beginning. Students should also
be given adequate time during class time to conduct research and share their findings with the rest of the class.
• Business, Entrepreneurship and Innovation.
Part B provides the learners with an audio in the form of a dialogue or lecture. One of the main objectives of Languo is to
In addition to CIM, Languo makes use of the Content-Based Instruction (CBI) approach. CBI gives learners an opportunity to use equip students with the necessary skills so that they can easily cope with the demands of their technical courses. Thus,
the second language as a real means of communication. Learners use the second language as a tool to learn about specific listening to lectures and taking notes have become one of our priorities. The listening text (audio) in Part B is further utilized
content. This approach is developed on the basis of the premise that learning takes place mostly when there is an interest. to teach academic vocabulary items. Finally, the audio is used to produce the target structure(s) and skill(s) at production
Through the themes, which involve current issues, the book raises curiosity and naturally encourages the use of required skills. level.
Languo also puts emphasis on 21st century skills (adaptation, communication, collaboration, flexibility, team working, problem- Part C elaborates on the objectives covered in Part A and B and gives the learners an opportunity to practice the given input.
solution, critical thinking, creativity, research techniques, connectivity, discovering one’s full potential, entrepreneurship).
Therefore, Languo is not merely an English Language book but rather a book which aims at equipping learners with survival Another crucial feature of Languo is its philosophical nature and its emphasis on 21st Century skills. This nature of the book
skills to help them compete with their potential rivals in the 21st Century job market. rests on the premise that in today’s world, regardless of their professions, new graduates have to digest 21st century skills.
Otherwise, they can’t survive in the competing nature of the job market and become a world citizen. For that, Languo also
Tuba BERK
ENVIRONMENT 8 9 ENVIRONMENT
Unit -1
ENVIRONMENT
• Simple present tense- to be
• Singular (a/an)/Plural nouns
• Determiners a/an (indefinite article)
• Subject/object possessive pronouns and
possessive adjectives
1 ENVIRONMENT
• Demonstrative Pronouns • Has/Have got
• There is/there are • Question words
• Imperatives • Numbers
• Identifying key information in a reading text

• Writing sentences/ paragraph to describe places (guided writing)
Using simple phrases/sentences to describe things.
• Identifying gist
• Listening to a short lecture and taking notes
• Using notes to answer questions
• Conducting a mini research on an unfamiliar topic
Unit -1
4. Read the text below and answer the following questions in the space given.
Reading
Hi! My name is Mary. I am American. I am from Los Angeles. I am 15 years old. I have got 2 sisters and a brother.
My elder sister’s name is Sue. She is 18 years old. My younger sister’s name is Helen. She is 10. My brother’s
name is Kevin. He is only 6. We are a big family. We all live in a big house in Houston, Texas. My parents work at a
hospital called MD Anderson. My father is a doctor. My mother is a nurse. They both love their job.
We all love animals. Animals are lovely. I have a pet cat. He is 2 years old. His name is GinGin. I sometimes call
him Bento. He is a gray tabby cat. He likes fish. He also likes running. I sometimes take him out for a walk. He likes
running on the grass and playing with his little mouse. I want to get another pet cat. They can become friends and
spend fun time together. GinGin is my friend, he is my son, he is my playmate. My sister Helen has a dog called
Supi. He is a lovely dog. He is 6 months old. Helen takes him out for a walk in the afternoon. He is fun. He is a
strange dog. He likes eating strawberries.
1A Animals Are Lovely 1. How old is Mary? She is 15 years old.

2. How many children does the family have? The family has 4 children.
1. Look at the pictures and answer the questions below.
3. What is Helen’s father’s job? He is a doctor.
1. Write 2-3 sentences about the pictures. Describe them.
4. Where does Kevin’s mother work? She works at a hospital (MD Anderson).
2. What is your favourite animal?
3. What do you know about cats and dogs? 5. What colour is Mary’s cat? It/He is gray.
Vocabulary 6. What does Gingin like doing? It/He likes running and playing with his mouse.
7. Has Helen got a cat? No, she hasn’t got a cat. She has got a dog.
2. Check the meanings of the words from the dictionary.
8. What is strange about Supi? He likes eating strawberries.
Note them in your vocabulary journal.
5. Write what the highlighted words refer to.
Tabby (adj) Gray (adj) Nurse (noun) Grass (noun) Mate (noun)
She (parag.1) refers to:
Helen
They (parag.1) refers to:
3. Match the words with the definitions below: My parents
He (parag. 2) refers to:

a. a colour d mate
b. a kind of cat
Gingin/Bento
b tabby
c. a job ( works at him (parag.2) refers to:
c nurse
a hospital, helps ill people)
a gray Supi
d. a friend
e. short plants e grass
Unit -1
7. Choose the correct option to complete the conversation.
A: Hello, my name is Beren.

B: Hi, my name is Jane.
Where are you from?
A: I am from Turkey, Ankara.
B: Nice to meet you. Are you married?
A: No, I’m single. How about you?
B: I‘m married. My husband’s name is Jack. He isn’t here today.
A: What is his job?
B: He is a gameplay engineer.
A: Are you both from Canada?
B: No, we aren’t. I am from Canada, Jack is from the UK.
A: How old are you?
B: I am 27. How about you?
A: I am 25 years old.
8. Imagine you are at an airport. Complete the conversation with the

correct form of “be”
Grammar Reference contractions A: Good morning. Are you in the UK for work or holiday?
I . SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - TO BE B: For holiday. I am a doctor.
I am ----I’m I am not---I’m not A: I see. Are you alone?
B: No, I am not. I am
(+) (-) S/he is ---S/he’s S/he is not---S/he isn’t with my son and daughter. They are behind me.
I am am not A: Have a nice flight. Enjoy your holiday.
is is not It is ----It’s It is not----It isn’t
He, She, It
9. The statements below are incorrect. Make them negative and
You, We, They are are not We are ---We’re We are not---We aren’t correct them in the space given.
They are ---They’re They are not----They aren’t Vancouver is in the USA.
He
Vancouver isn’t in the USA. It is in Canada.
I am Turkish She is Turkish

1. Norwich is in Norway.
It Norwich isn’t in Norway. It is in UK.
You To Be Questions
2. Rome is in Germany.
We are Turkish Rome isn’t in Germany. It is in Italy.
Questions (+) (-)
3. İstanbul is in Egypt.
They Am I Turkish? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. İstanbul isn’t in Egypt. It is in Turkey.
4. Mercedes is an Italian car.
You singular Are you Turkish? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Mercedes isn’t an Italian car. It is a German car.
5. Coca Cola is a Spanish company.
You plural Is he/she/Turkish? Yes, he/she/is. No, he/she/isn’t. Coca Cola isn’t a Spanish company. It is an American company.
6. Aziz Sancar is a German Nobel Prize winner.
6. Use the correct form of TO BE to complete the Are we Turkish? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Aziz Sancar isn’t a German Nobel Prize winner. He is a Turkish
sentences. Nobel Prize winner.
Are you Turkish? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. 7. Charlize Theron is a British actress.
1. Murat and Kanat are engineers. They are good
Charlize Theron isn’t a British actress. She is a South African–
friends. Are they Turkish? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t
2. My name is Caroline. I am a doctor. American actress
3. Jack and Jill are students. They study at Ostim 8. Louis Vuitton is a Swedish brand.
Technical University. Louis Vuiton isn’t a Swedish brand. It is French brand.
4. Sibel and I are instructors. We are from Ankara.
Unit -1
11. Fill in the blanks with that or those.
1. That car over there is mine.

2. Those books on the table are hers.
3. That girl with blond hair is my wife.
4. Those kids with jeans are my daughters.
5. Are those students in your class?
6. Is that book on the shelf yours?
7. That isn’t my phone. Mine is in my pocket.
8. Those keys are not mine. My keys are in my handbag.
IV. SUBJECT/OBJECT PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Possessive Adjs. Object Pronouns
I mine my me
He his his him
She hers her her
It ___ its it
We ours our us
You yours your you
II. SINGULAR (A/AN)/PLURAL NOUNS III. THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE They theirs their them
Countable nouns have singular (one) and plural (more than

one) forms. We can count countable nouns. Rule Singular Plural 12. Fill in the blanks with the correct subject pronoun.
We use a/an with singular nouns. If the word begins with a Near This is my pencil. These are my pencils. 1. Hasan Ali is a lawyer. He is very intelligent.
consonant letter we use ‘a’. If the word begins with a vowel 2. Louise and Maribel are French. They are from France.
sound we use ‘an’. BUT some words begin with a consonant Far That is my dog. Those are my dogs. 3. My friends and I love rock music. We often go to rock concerts.
letter and their first sound is a vowel. Then, we use ‘an’. 4. I love this song. It is really fun.
ALSO some words begin with a vowel letter but their first 5. My sister is an engineer. She works at the Ministry of Environment.
sound is a consonant. Then we use ‘a’.
Possessive Apostrophes (something belongs to someone)
Example: He is a gray tabby cat.
She is an actress. Jack’s suitcase is here.
I work at a university. 10. Fill in the blanks with “this” or “these”. Beren’s mother is in the office.
My parents’ names are John and Silvia.
1. This is my pen.
Rule Singular Plural 2. These are my students.
3. This is their house. 13. Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.
-s sister sisters 4. These are his books.
5. Is this your car? I am Banu. (My name)
-es to nouns that end in -ch, -s watch watches 6. Are these your keys? My name is Banu.
7. These aren’t his boots.
Change -y after a consonant strawberry strawberries 8. This isn’t her umbrella. 1. Sue’s sister is Jane. (Her)
to -ies Her sister is Jane.
2. We have a cousin. His name is Jim. (Our)
Our cousin’s name is Jim.
3. Onur’s cat is cute. (His)
His cat is cute.
4. Cevdet and Ali’s hometown is Konya. (Their)
Their hometown is Konya.
Unit -1
VI. QUESTION WORDS VIII. IMPERATIVES
What Thing We use imperatives to tell someone to do sth.

When Time
Who Person Close your books.
Why Reason (+)
How much/How many Quantity Turn to page 31.
How long Duration
Don’t talk.
What do you prefer? (-)
When does the class start? Don’t close the door!
Who speaks English?
Why are you scared?
How much does it cost? 17. Write imperative sentences about the pictures.
How long does the journey last?
15. Translate the following questions into your own

Open the window
language.
1. What do you prefer? Neyi tercih edersin?

2. When does the class start? Ders ne zaman başlar?
3. Who speaks English? Kim İngilizce konuşur/bilir?
4. Why are you scared? Neden korkuyorsun?
5. How much does it cost? Bunun fiyatı nedir?
6. How many sisters do you have? Kaç kız kardeşin
V. HAS / HAVE GOT var?
7. How long does the journey last? Yolculuk ne kadar Close the door.
sürer?
I
He
You VII. THERE IS/ THERE ARE
Have got She Has got
We We use there is/ there are to talk about position.
It

They Singular There is a TV set in my house. (+)
There isn’t a TV set in my house. (-) Don’t step on the grass.
(+) (-) (?)

Plural There are 4 eggs in the fridge. (+)
I have got a son. I haven’t got a son. Have you got a son? There aren’t 4 eggs in the fridge. (-)
She has got a cute cat. She hasn’t got a cute cat. Has she got a cute cat?
16. Fill in the blanks with the suitable prepositions.
He has got a car. He hasn’t got a car. Has he got a car?
They have got a big house. They haven’t got a big house. Have they got a big house? 1. There is a ball inside the box.
We have got 24 students. We haven’t got 24 students. Have you got 24 students?
Don’t shout
2. There is a ball next to the box.
You have got 2 classes. You haven’t got 2 classes Have you got 2 classes?
3. There is a ball under the box.
14. Fill in the blanks to make meaningful sentences. 4. There is a ball above the box.
5. There is a ball between two boxes.

1. Aylin has got a daughter.
6. There is a ball behind the box.
2. Ayla and Önder have got two kids.
7. There is a ball in front of the box. Don’t cheat
3. Christine has got big brown eyes.
4. Supi and GinGin have got soft fur.
Unit -1 4. Imagine you are in a rain forest like Vancouver. Write a paragraph
1B Vancouver - The City by answering the questions below: (Do a mini research about rain
forests.)
1. Work with your partner. Answer the questions below.
1. Where are you?
1. Look at the photo. Write three words that come to your 2. What is the weather like?
mind. 3. How do you feel?
4. What can you smell?
5. Who are you with?
6. Are you happy? Why/ Why not?
2. What do you know about Canada? 7. Describe the environment.
3. Do you like cold weather? Why/why not? 5. Work with a partner and talk about your imaginary rain
forest. Take turns.
2. Listen and take notes under the headings below.
6. What is Shinrin-yoku? Conduct a mini research and take
Vancouver: notes in the space given.
Journey:
3. Now answer the questions below using your notes.

IX. NUMBERS Fourteenth: 14 th
Tenth: 10th 1. Where is Emre?

10 ten Third: 3rd He is in Vancouver, Canada.
100 one hundred
Twentieth: 20th 2. How far is Vancouver from Ankara?
1,000 one thousand
10,000 ten thousand It is 9813 km far from Ankara.
9. Complete the sentences with suitable names of days /
100,000 one hundred thousand
months / ordinal numbers. 3. What is the weather like in Vancouver?
1,000,000 one million
It is mostly rainy.
1. My birthday is on _______________. 4. How long does it take to fly from Ankara to Vancouver?
7. Listen to your instructor read aloud one of each pair of 2. Next Tuesday is ________________. It takes 14 hours from Ankara to Vancouver.
numbers. Tick the number you hear.
3. My friend’s birthday is on ___________.
13 30
16 60 4. New Year’s Day is on _______________.
18 80
14 40
12 20
15 50
19 90
17 70
8. Write the correct ordinal number next to each word.
First: 1st
nd
Second: 2 11th
Eleventh: ____________________________
13th
Thirteenth: ___________________________
12th
Twelfth: _____________________________
9th
Ninth: _______________________________
8th
Eighth: ______________________________
5th
Fifth: ________________________________
6th
Sixth: ________________________________
Unit -1
1-C PRACTICE 5. There is a kid under the ball.
6. There is a kid beside the ball.
I. GRAMMAR
7. There is a kid near the ball.
is am where time live at meet past mine is am 8. There is a kid on the ball.

N: Hi. My name is Nesrin. 5. Fill in the blanks with the correct nationalities.
A: Hi. My name is Ahmet. I am (1) glad to meet you. Where are (2) you from? Ex. I come from Turkey. I’m Turkish.
N: I am (3) from İzmir. I live (4) in a dorm. What is (5) your department? 1. I come from Germany. I’m German.
A: Computer Engineering. What is (6) yours? 2. I come from Canada. I’m Canadian.
N: Mine is (7) Mechanical Engineering. What time (8) is it?
3. I come from Brazil. I’m Brazilian.
A: It is twenty-eight past (9) nine.
4. I come from China. I’m Chinese.
N: Oh! I have a class at (10) 9:00. See you.
5. I come from Japan. I’m Japanese.
A: See you. Nice to meet (11) you.
6. I come from the UK. I’m British.
2. Bento, the cat introduces himself in the following text. Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words given. 7. I come from Egypt . I’m Egyptian.
8. I come from Austria. I’m Austrian.
green my old are cute tabby lives is have are brother got
9. I come from Mexico. I’m Mexican.
10. I come from France. I’m French.
Hello,
My name is Bento. I am a tabby (1) cat. I have (2) green eyes. In the dark, my (3) eyes turn blue. I am three. We are (4)
three in our house. I live with my mom and my brother (5). I have a friend. Her name is (6) Misket. Misket lives (7) next 6. Put the words given in order to make questions.
door. She is 9 years old (8). I like her (9) very much. She is so cute (10). She is a white cat. She has got (11) dark green 1. name/ what/ your/ is
eyes. What is your name?
2. you/are/from/where
3. Complete the number sequences using the words in the box.
Where are you from?
3. is/your/what/ address
three hundred zero twenty four
What is your address?
forty eight zero twelve sixty
seven three eighty eleven sixteen 4. you/ student/a/ are
Are you a student?
1. Zero, one, two 5. department/ is/ your/what
2. one, three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen What is your department?
3. ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 6. have/ a /pet/ do/you
4. two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, sixteen, eighteen Do you have a pet?
5. Zero, one, two, three, four, five 7. football/like/you/do
Do you like football?
4. Fill in the blanks in the sentences about the illustrations.
8. many/ how/ kids/ do/have/you
Ex (A). There is a kid behind the ball. How many kids do you have?
1. There is a kid between 2 balls. 9. you/speak/English/can
2. There is a kid in front of the ball. Can you speak English?
3. There is a kid above the ball 10. old/is/she/how
4. There is a kid in the box. How old is she?
Unit -1
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
do you have?
brothers ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
money are there in the ____________________________________________________________________________________________
garden? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
many ____________________________________________________________________________________________
How trees
much ____________________________________________________________________________________________
are there in the
refrigerator?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
sugar
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
bottles of
water do you need? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Make sentences using the clues given in the table.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Ex: How many brothers do you have? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
1. How much money do you have? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many trees are there in the garden? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How many bottles of water are there in the refrigerator? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How much sugar do you need?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. There are two extra words.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
he her my his their his our we them
Hi. My name is Jim. I have got a big family. I have got two sisters and a brother. My (1) sisters’ names are Joanne and
Jane. Joanne is 20 years old. Jane is 22 years old. My brother’s name is Joe. He (2) is 26 years old. They (3) all love ani-
mals and nature. We have got two dogs. They (4) are so cute. Their (5) names are Jojo and Jlo. Their (6) dogs love us and
we love them (7).
II. WRITING
9. Write your personal description in the space below.

Give information about the following:
a. Age
b. Where you are from
c. Your nationality
d. Your interests/ hobbies
e. Your family members
Unit -2
• Countable, uncountable nouns

• Quantifiers (some, a lot of, any, much, many)
2 ENVIRONMENT
• Indefinite articles a/ an
• Degree adverbs (very, quite, pretty)

• Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context
• Using background information to understand the gist
• Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar vocab items from context
Writing simple sentences
Simple communication (imaginary setting)
• Identifying speakers
• Identifying specific information and taking notes
• Introduction to creativity
• Conducting a mini research on an unfamiliar topic
• Using background knowledgefor inference
Unit -2 Reading
Turks spread their customs and values through various cultural elements. Nasreddin Hodja stories are one of those
elements. Nasreddin Hodja is the hero of humour in Turkish culture. His hometown is Hortu, Sivrihisar. He was a clergyman
in Akşehir. He is famous for his witty replies, wisdom and fairness in the stories.
Below is a story from Nasreddin Hodja with his witty reply:
Nasreddin Hodja one day sees a garden in the neighbourhood. He suddenly enters the garden. He sees a lot of fruit trees:
some apple trees, a few orange trees, and two cherry trees. He sees some ripe fruits and wants to have one ripe apple. He
reaches for an apple but the branch breaks off. His neighbor hears the noise and gets out of his home.
He starts crying:
Neighbour- “What are you doing there?”

Hodja- “Oh the storm. It is the storm’s fault.”
Neighbour- “Really! How about this broken branch? Is it because of the storm, too?”
Hodja- “That is a good question! Shall we think about this together?”
Grammar Reference: 4. Make sentences with the words below.
2A Nasreddin Hodja I. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 1. (Honest) _______________________________

3. Read the text and answer the questions.
Some nouns are countable and some nouns are 2. (European) _____________________________
1. Work with a partner. Answer the questions below.
1. How do Turks spread their values? unountable. We can count countable nouns and they 3. (University) ____________________________
1. What do you know about Nasreddin Hodja? become plural and we can’t count uncountable nouns.
They remain singular. 4. (Hour) _________________________________
2. Do you know any Nasreddin Hodja stories? If yes, share it Turks spread their customs or values by various
with your partner. cultural elements.
3. What is special about Nasreddin Hodja stories?
2. What is Nasreddin Hodja famous for in Turkish Countable nouns Singular Plural Uncountable nouns Singular Plural
Vocabulary culture? (Regular)
Countable nouns tree trees Uncountable nouns bread bread
2. Find the following words in the text, underline them and He is famous for his witty replies, wisdom and fair- become plural by
cannot become plural
guess the meanings with your partner. Write your guesses ness in the stories. putting ‘S’ at the
next to the words in the table. end of the word egg eggs
cheese cheese
3. Where is Nasreddin Hodja from?
Various
He is from Hortu, Sivrihisar.
Cultural
We use a/an before singular countable nouns.
4. What was Nasreddin Hodja’s job in Akşehir?
Hero Example: There is a tree in the garden. ((We use ‘a’ if
the noun starts with a consonant)
Branch He was a clergyman.
There is an umbrella in my bag. (We use “an” if the
Humour 5. According to the story, where is Nasreddin Hodja?
noun starts with a vowel)
Witty Exception: If a word starts with a consonant, but we
He is in his neighbour’s garden.
pronounce it as a vowel, then we use ‘an’. If the word
Reply starts with a vowel, but we pronounce it as a conso-
6. Why does his neighbor start crying?
nant, we use ‘a’.
Spread
Ex: an honest person, a European country, a
He hears a noise and sees Nasreddin Hodja in his
Break off university, an hour (exceptional words)
garden.
7. Which answer makes his neighbor angry? Why?
Blow
Repeat the words in Task 4 after your instructor and
Neighbourhood “Oh, the storm. It is the storm’s fault”.
decide whether the words should get ‘a’ or ‘an’.
Enter
Unit -2
5. Read the example sentences below and make
2B Animal Kingdom
sentences with some, any, many, much, a lot of, and lots Vocabulary
of.
1. Work with a partner. Match the words with their
1. There are some eggs in the fridge meanings/illustrations. Check your dictionary where
necessary.
2. There is some milk on the table.
a. Feature Witty B
3. There aren’t many people on the street.
b. Cunning Soft hair of animals C
4. There isn’t any lemon juice in my glass.
Loyalty D
5. There isn’t much cheese left on my plate. c. Fur
Typical quality A
6. There are a lot of fresh vegetables in the fridge. d. Fidelity
7. ___________________________________________ People in general

e. Humanity İ
8. ___________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________ f. Wild
II. QUANTIFIERS
H
10. ___________________________________________
g. Fox
(+) (-) (?) Offer /Request 11. ___________________________________________
12. ___________________________________________ h. Tiger J

some any any some
i. Lion
6. Answer the questions below with your partner. K
Can I have some
We have some eggs We don’t have any Do we have any water? j. Sheep
1. What is Nasreddin Hodja’s witty reply? What make(s)
in the fridge. eggs in the fridge eggs in the fridge?
it witty?
Do you want some G
cheese? k. Cow
2. Can you think of a different answer for the angry
neighbor? Do you prefer your answer or Hodja’s? Why?
3. Write a short dialogue between Nasreddin Hodja

Countable Uncountable + - ? and his neighbor after the branch broke off. Use your
We use some and any with creativity. Do not forget to write a witty reply. Listen to
uncountable nouns and with plural all stories. Choose the best story as a whole class.
countable nouns. Some ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
- Neighbor: _________________________________
Any ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - Nodja: ____________________________________
A lot of, much, many and any are - Neighbor: _________________________________

Quantifiers. We use them to talk about Much ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
quantity. - Hodja: ____________________________________
Many ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - Neighbor: _________________________________
- Hodja: ____________________________________
A lot of / Lots of ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Unit -2
III. DEGREE ADVERBS
We use degree adverbs before adjectives or adverbs.

They give information about ‘degree’.
fairly
quite
very, pretty
Nasreddin Hodja and the Donkey

2. As you listen, write the main features of the animals in the space given
3. Circle the word which best completes the sentence.
_______________________________________
1. Your drawing is fairly/very good, but you can make it _______________________________________
better. _______________________________________
Animals Features _______________________________________
2. The exam was fairly/pretty difficult. I am sure I will _______________________________________
fail.
Foxes _______________________________________
3. She can speak English fairly/very fluently. People often _______________________________________
think she is a native English speaker. _______________________________________
Cats
_______________________________________
4. Do NOT go out now! It is pretty/ quite cold. _______________________________________
Dogs _______________________________________
4. Look at the picture on the next column. The story is _______________________________________
about Hodja and his donkey. What is his witty answer? _______________________________________
Wolves
Use your background knowledge. Does it help? Talk about _______________________________________
it with your partner. _______________________________________
Lion, Tigers _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
5. Use your creativity to write a different ending to the _______________________________________
Nasreddin Hodja story. _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Unit -2
2C-PRACTICE 3. Underline the correct word in the sentences below.
I. GRAMMAR 1. She hasn’t got a/ any car.

2. There aren’t some/any urgent messages for me this morning.
3. Could I have a/ some water, please?
1. Write the plural forms of the words.
4. I go shopping for groceries because I don’t have a/ any food.
5. There isn’t an/ any airport in this town.
1. fox foxes 6. I’d like a/ some spaghetti bolognese.
2. tomato tomatoes 7. Could you give me an/ some information?
3. knife knives 8. There are any/ some people in our backyard.
4. family families 9. I want to get rid of the wrinkles in my skirt. Have you got an/ any iron?
5. leaf leaves 10. Shall we have a/ some fish? I know a very good restaurant near here.
6. dish dishes
7. watch watches
4. Write sentences using the given words. Begin each sentence with a or an. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
8. life lives
9. bookshelf bookshelves
Ex: innovative engineer
10. branch branches
- An innovative engineer has a lot of different ideas.
11. thief thieves
12. hour hours
1. Hero _____________________________________________________________________.
13. sheep sheep
2. Humorous anecdote ________________________________________________________.
14. holiday holidays
3. Clever person______________________________________________________________.
15. glass glasses
4. Witty story ________________________________________________________________.
16. union unions
5. Creative artist _____________________________________________________________.
17. umbrella umbrellas
6. European country __________________________________________________________.
18. match matches
7. Nice neighborhood __________________________________________________________.
19. monkey monkeys
20. zoo zoos
5. Complete the sentences with suitable words from Unit 2.
2. Fill in the blanks with MUCH or MANY.
1. Please hand in your assignment by Friday afternoon at the latest.
1. Have you got much work in the office or do you want to come to the party? 2. The sea is calm today. We can’t go swimming.
2. There aren’t many seats in the conference room. 3. I’m an animal rights activist. I never wear a fur coat.
3. We still remember Nasreddin Hodja after many years. 4. The typical diet of the African lion is meat.
4. Your essay is very good. There aren’t many mistakes. 5. Some people can’t understand the value of loyalty.
5. There is too much noise in the office. Some people talk loudly. 6. Young children learn a lot from the wisdom of past heroes like Alp Er Tunga and Kül Tigin.
6. I can’t buy a new pair of shoes. I haven’t got much money. 7. Can Posthuman Technology destroy humanity?
7. This soup tastes terrible! There is too much salt in it. 8. My cousin was born in France. She can speak French fluently.
8. How much homework have you got for your Maths class? 9. Storm over the Pacific is a popular strategy game.
10. Honest people have a very strong sense of fairness.
9. There is too much darkness in Iceland during the winter months.
10. How much time have we got before the match?
11. People don’t have much daylight in Greenland from the end of November until the beginning of January. 6. Make the words plural if possible.
12. How many guests are there at the wedding?
1. mail mail/mails
13. The city is so quiet these days. There aren’t many people at the usual places.
2 jewelry jewelry
14. I don’t have much experience with computers. 3. necklace necklaces
15. I hope to have many interesting experiences on my trip. 4. furniture furniture
16. A: We have a pizza night with our friends on Saturdays. We always have a lot of chicken. Would you like to join us? 5. traffic traffic
B: Thanks for inviting me but I don’t eat much chicken. I prefer two-cheese pizza. 6. homework homework
17. I’m afraid we use too much paper in our office. I want to be environment-friendly. 7. advice advice
18. I don’t have much fun when I go out these days. I’m always worried about the coronavirus. 8. work work/works
19. Why is there so much ignorance in the world? 9. help help
20. I don’t have much luck in searching for jobs. 10. toothpaste toothpaste
21. There is so much traffic in Ankara during rush hours. 11. minute minutes
22. How many rings does Saturn have around it? 12. friend friends
23. I don’t know why I get so much junk mail in my inbox. 13. rice rice
24. How many times do you wash your hands during the day? 14. chair chairs
15. enemy enemies
25. How much time do you need to write a paragraph?
Unit -2
c. As an editor, I always make valuable business contacts at the Frankfurt Book Fair.
7. Fill in the blanks with a word from the box.
cultural various witty replies cunning 5. feature

wisdom value pretty humorous main
fidelity kingdom sense wild creativity a. The latest model has a lot of new safety feature.
b. Her large blue eyes were her best features.
c. In today’s newspaper there is a special feature on new children’s books
1. There are various treatments for the coronavirus.
2. Her witty jokes have the quality of clever humour.
3. His replies are always calm. He never loses his temper.
4. They frequently get wild weather in Norway. It snows a lot there in the winter.
5. Australians speak English but they have their cultural identity.
6. Creativity means the ability to come up with new ideas.
7. His advice does not have any practical value.
8. People gain wisdom and change, positively at old age.
9. He is a smart man with a strong sense of humour.
10. Paul Theroux’s book The Kingdom by the Sea: A Journey Around Great Britain is a very popular travel book.
11. Folktales and fairy tales from Japan are usually scary, humorous or exciting.
12. I like La Fontaine’s fables. The Cunning Fox is my all time favourite.
13. Don’t worry about me. It’s a big city but I’m pretty safe here.
14. Customer trust and fidelity are important for all businesses.
15. Aka and Ayzıt are among the main female figures in Turkish Mythology. They protect rivers and forests.
8. Complete each group of sentences with a word from the box. Use different forms (plural, verb-ing etc.) as you see fit.
fault spread fair blow feature
1. blow
a. The wind is blowing the leaves along the street.

b. Your soup’s too hot. Blow on it.
c. The guard blows his whistle and the train leaves from platform 6.
2. fault
a. It’s possible to follow The San Andreas fault from the Salton Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
b. I know we are late but it’s not my fault .
c. An electrical fault caused the fire in my apartment.
3. spread
a. Protests in Beijing are spreading rapidly across the country.
b. A computer virus spreads fast through a network.
c. My brother always spreads jam on his toast
4. fair
a. Tuba is a very fair person. You can do business with her.

b. My sister has got fair hair and green eyes.
Unit -3
3 • How much / How many

• Have/ have got
• Hate/ like + V ing
• Giving instructions
• Comparatives
3 T E C H N O LO G Y
Grammar (G)
3 Understanding simple instructions
Reading (R)
3 Writing simple sentences
Writing (W)
3 Asking and answering simple questions about a familiar

topic
Speaking (S)
3 Listening to short lectures to take notes under headings
Listening (L)
3 • Comparison
• Introduction to creativity
Whole Person • Dictionary skills
Learning (WPL)
T E C H N O LO G Y 38 39 T E C H N O LO G Y
Unit -3
Fruits Vegetables
Meat Seeds and

Grains
3A Technology 4. Match the words with the definitions. 6. Talk to your partner. What do you see in the
picture? Does it have a special name? Is it useful?
Snacks a Does it make our lives easier?
1. Look at the dictionary entry below and match the
Beverages b
different parts of the entry with the information given
Desserts c
(a-e).
a. food people eat between meals or at parties
bread: /bred/ Noun (U), food made from flour, water b. things to drink
and yeast c. food, usually sweet, that people eat after meal
a. Word form (noun, adj., verb)
5. Match the illustrations with the words.
b. Countable/Uncountable
c. Definition of the word
d. Spelling of the word
1. A piece of chocolate
e. Pronunciation of the word
Vocabulary
2. A glass of water 7. Read the text and answer the following questions
2. Check the meaning of the words below in your
3. Check the meanings of the food words in your in the space given.
dictionary. Write the pronunciation, form, definition
dictionary and complete the diagram to classify the
and U/C of the words below. (Only nouns can be U/C). 3. A bag of nuts
food words. 1. Why does Brenda prefer cooking practical food?
Because she works very hard and has 4 children.
Recipe ___________________________________________ 2. What are the ingredients of bread recipe?
oranges potatoes rice chicken 4. A kilo of patotoes a packet of yeast, some sugar, a bag of flour
Practical _________________________________________ 3. What does Brenda like about bread machines?
lentils tomatoes peaches lemons She thinks the bread is more tasty and they
5. A tin of fish don’t waste breads.
Yeast_____________________________________________ beef grapes pears onions 4. What does Brenda’s husband think about bread
machines?
Pan _____________________________________________ apples peas watermelons carrots 6. A cup of coffee
He thinks they are expensive.
Sprinkle _________________________________________ bananas strawberries lamb pumpkins
Unit -3
8. How does technology make cooking easier? Brainstorm with your partner. (cookers with remote control, tea/coffee
makers with voice control etc.)
Write sentences to show how technology can make cooking easier.
Ex. Recipe applications make cooking easier.
1. Coffee makers with voice control makes your life easier.
2. Cookers with remote control help you to cook more than one thing at a time.
Grammar Reference
I. HAVE/HAS GOT
We use ‘have/ has got’ to talk about someone’s possessions.
(+) (-) (?)
I/you/we/they I have got some floor I haven’t got any flour Have you got any flour?
he/she/it He has got a bag of rice He hasn’t got a bag of rice Has he got a bag of rice?
Reading
9. Complete the sentences below using have/ has got

My name is Brenda. I am a lawyer and I work very hard. I have four kids. I have a lot of housework. I don’t have much time
at home. So I cook practical things. For example, I have got some rice on my plate.
She has got three slices of bread.
I like using bread machines in my kitchen. I have a very easy recipe. Let’s see. They have got a house by the sea.
We both have got blue eyes.
Can you see the ingredients?
II. COMPARATIVES
- I have got a packet of yeast.
We use comparatives to show the difference of 2 things.
- I have got some sugar. Comparative adjectives are followed by ‘than’.
- I have got a small pan. Ex. I am taller than Cihan.

Adjective Comparative
- I have got a bag of flour. form
So what do I do with these? Cheap cheaper

One syllable Add -er Easy easier
- Put some water to the pan. Sprinkle yeast over the water and sprinkle sugar over yeast.
3 or more Add more + adj.
- Add some flour to pan. expensive more expensive
syllables syllables
- Place the pan into the bread machine. Good Better
Irregular Use irregular
The machine will do the rest. comparative Bad Worse
form of the adj.
I love making fresh breads. My kids love the taste. It is more tasty. My husband says it is more tasty but more expensive. I
Far Further
don’t agree with him. I think it is cheaper. Because we don’t waste any breads.
To form comparative form of two-syllable adj.s, that end in -y,

change the y to i and add -er.
Unit -3
6. Write questions using the structures in input III. 4. Imagine a future smart tooth brush. Draw
your imaginary toothbrush next to the today’s
1. How many packets of yeast do you need? toothbrush.
2. How much sugar do you need?
3. How many bags of flour do you need?
4. How much bread do you need?
3B Miswak
Vocabulary
1. Check the meaning of the words in your dictionary and match

them with the definitions.
safe e a. cheap, not expensive 5. Write sentences to compare the smart

economical a b. in place of toothbrush with today’s toothbrush. (Use
instead of b c. related to teeth, dentist
10. Match the two halves of the sentences. adjectives like easy, practical, comfortable,
dental c d. the price paid
clean, bright etc.)
stick f e. not risky, not dangerous
1. Nuts are healthier snacks c a. than at the movies cost d f. thin piece of wood
2. Beverages are cheaper at the supermarkets a b. than cherries. Smart toothbrush is more expensive than
3. Strawberries are more delicious b c. than potato chips. today’s toothbrush.
2. Listen to the audio about dental care technology used ages
11. Put the following words in the correct order.
ago. Take notes under the headings given.
1.__________________________________________
think/ I/ cherries/ delicious/ pears/ than/ more/ are
Today’s dental care tools
2.__________________________________________
Miswak
I think cherries are more delicious than pears.
Miswak vs. toothpaste
3.__________________________________________
1. believe/ food scientists/ cafeteria food/ restaurant food/ healthier/ that/ more/ than/ is
Food scientists believe that cafeteria food is more healtier than restaurant food.
2. think/ young people/ that/ snacks/ than/ are/ better/ proper meals
Young people think that snacks are better than proper meals
3. worse/ beverages/ she/ than/ thinks/ are/ fresh water
She thinks fresh water is worse than beverages.
III. HOW MUCH/ HOW MANY
We use ‘ How much’ to ask for the quantity of Uncountable nouns and ‘How many’ to ask for the 3. Answer the following questions using your notes
quantity of Countable nouns.
1. What are the dental tools of the modern world?
Toothbrush and toothpaste.
2. What does ‘miswak’ mean?
• sugar It means stick.
• packets of do you need? 3. How long is miswak?
• much
yeast It is about 18-20cm.
How • many • bags of flour 4. What is miswak’s function?
It prevents bacterial plaque.
• bread
5. Compare miswak with today’s toothbrush.
Miswak is safer and more economical than toothpaste and
toothbrush. It costs less and it is a natural product.
Unit -3
3C-PRACTICE
8. Chefs are very careful with their cooking. Ordinary cooks aren’t so careful. (careful)
I. GRAMMAR- HAVE/ HAS GOT, COMPARATIVES, HOW MUCH/ HOW MANY Chefs are more careful with their cooking than ordinary cooks.
9. Buying bread (in supermarkets) doesn’t cost much. But making bread isn’t cheap. (economical)
Language tip: Buying bread is more economical than making bread.
10. White rice has got a lot of carbohydrates. White bread has got more protein than rice. (nutritional)
”have got” has the same meaning as “have”: White bread is more nutritional than white rice.
e.g. I’ve got a dog. = I have a dog.
I haven’t got a dog. = I don’t have a dog. 4. Make sentences by choosing two things to compare and an adjective. You can use the adjectives more than once. The
first one is done for you.
1. Cross out the incorrect option.
1. Have you got /Are you /Do you have any time to cook homemade meals? health oranges butter and miswak and a a blender processed food and
2. I have got /has got /‘ve got a lot of pasta recipes in my cookbook. Things to and and margarine toothbrush and a mixer unprocessed food
3. Does she /Has she got /Does she have any rice in her kitchen? compare losing lemons
4. Food scientists haven’t got/don’t have /don’t have got cooking skills. They aren’t chefs; they know about the science of weight
food.
5. My family‘s got /has got / are a lot of old cookbooks. healthy practical economical important tasty dangerous sweet good
Adjectives
6. The chef is not /has got /isn’t very good at cooking lobster.
7. The family is very big so they has got /have got/ have a big dining table.
8. This refrigerator is new. It has got /has /hasn’t a Wi-Fi connection.
9. What ingredients has she got /does she have /has she?
1. Health is more important than losing weight.
10. My sister isn’t/hasn’t got /doesn’t have good cooking skills.
2. Oranges are sweeter than lemons.
2. Write sentences about what everyone (Ayşe, Maria and Jackson, you) has got in their kitchen.
3. Butter is healthier than margarine.
some flour, + 4. Miswak is more economical than a toothbrush.

Ayşe Ayşe has got some flour.
2 eggs + 5. A mixer is more practical than a blender.
Maria and Jackson have got some milk. 6. Processed food is tastier than unprocessed food.
some milk+
Maria and Jackson Maria and Jackson haven’t got any
any apples - apples.

5. Are the following words countable or uncountable? Write down C or UN. Some words can be both.
You haven’t got any yeast.
You any yeast -
homework UN hour C cake UN/C rice UN money UN
information UN love UN coffee UN/C pan C furniture UN
time C/UN cheese UN chicken UN/C tin C children C
3. Make comparative sentences with the information given. Use the adjective in brackets. The first one is done for you.
6. Make questions with “how much” and “how many.” The first one is done for you.
Recipes on the Internet are easier to find than recipes in cookbooks.
2. Proper meals are good for your health. Snacks aren’t so good for your health. (good) 1. milk / we / need / for this recipe
Proper meals are better for your health than snacks.
How much milk do we need for this recipe?
3. Fresh juice is expensive. Bottled juice is a cheap alternative. (cheap)
Bottled juice is cheaper than fresh juice. 2. bread machines / the restaurant / have
4. The supermarket is far from my home, but the grocery store is nearby. (far) How many bread machines does the restaurant have?
The supermarket is farther/further from my home than the grocery store. 3. yeast / we / put / in a whole pizza
5. Coffee makers are useful in our day-to-day life. Bread machines aren’t used that often. (useful) How much yeast do we put in a whole pizza?
Coffee makers are more useful in our day-to-day life than bread machines. 4. salt / you / sprinkle / on your food after cooking
6. Pizza delivery is fast in many pizza places. Delivery from restaurants takes a lot of time. (fast) How much salt do you sprinkle on your food after cooking?
Pizza delivery is faster than delivery from restaurants.
5. cooking websites / you / know about
7. A kilo of potatoes has around 750 calories. Two bags of chips have around 1000 calories. (healthy)
How many cooking websites do you know about?
Potatoes are healthier than chips.
6. tins of tuna / your cat / eat / in a week
How many tins of tuna does your cat eat in a week?
Unit -3
5. Fill in the blanks with the antonyms of the words in brackets.
Scientists think food technology is bad (good) for human health. Some food technologies, such as stone tools and fire,
Language tip: make meat safe (dangerous) for humans to eat. So, humans have bigger brains than past human species. But, most food
technologies today make our food unnatural/processed (natural), so they are unhealthy (healthy) and harmful to our
*Much and many are usually used in questions and negative sentences. They can also be used in short answers: bodies. Fast food is a product of today’s food technology. It is cheap (expensive), so people eat it a lot. They think it’s
How much money do you have? -I don’t have much money. OR -Not much. unimportant (important) to eat unhealthy food.
Has she got many friends? -No, she hasn’t got many friends.
6. Look the words up in a dictionary. Put them into the correct categories.
7. Write “much” or “many” in the blanks.
Language tip:
1. The company hasn’t got many food scientists. *A dish is food that is cooked or prepared for a meal (e.g. breakfast or lunch). Food is a more general term.
2. Do you know many applications about food and cooking?
3. Bread machines don’t need much effort. It’s easier to make bread.
4. There isn’t much bread left in the refrigerator. I’ll buy some.
5. Our new house doesn’t have many cooking appliances. Cheeseburger, Watermelon, Beef, Apple Pie, Lemon, Pear, Risotto, Mousse, Lemonade, Fried Chicken, Peach, Nachos,
Hummus, Milkshake, Crackers, Coffee, Salmon, Yoghurt, Butter, Chips, Cheese, Eggplant, Bell peppers
II. VOCABULARY
Food Different types of food
1. Rewrite the jumbled container words in the blanks. Some are plural.
Sweet Salty Sour Dish Dessert Snack Beverage
1. Can I have a packet (aetkpc) of sugar for my tea, please? 1. beef 1. lemon 1. cheeseburger 1. apple pie 1. nachos lemonade
2. I need three cups (pcsu) of flour for this cake recipe. 1. watermelon 2. salmon 2. risotto 2. mousse 2. hummus milkshake
3. Liquids like water and energy drinks often come in bottles (teostlb). 2. pear 3. yoghurt 3. fried chicken 3. crackers coffee
4. Drinks like milk or juice often come in cartons (sracnto). 4. butter 4. chips
3. peach
5. Let’s buy a bag (gba) of chips for tonight. 5. cheese
6. A piece (iceep) of chocolate is smaller than a bar (rba) of chocolate. 6. eggplant
7. bell peppers
2. Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the box. One is extra.
7. Research the popular dishes from around the world given below. Write down their country of origin and what ingredients are used to
economical instead of dental stick cost safe make them.
Dish Country Ingredients

Sarma Turkey grape leaves or cabbage,
Many people think it’s safe (1) to eat processed foods like breakfast cereals and sugary drinks, but they are very dangerous beef, white rice, onion, to-
to your health. A lot of people buy and eat these foods because they are economical (2). They cost (3) much cheaper than mato paste
The USA macaroni, cheddar cheese,
fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, and fish. These types of foods also negatively affect your dental (4) health; it can be bad for Mac and cheese parmesan cheese, milk, but-
your teeth and gums. So, it’s better to eat fresh and healthy unprocessed food instead of (5) unhealthy processed food. ter, flour
Fish and Chips England potatoes, flour, baking pow-

3. Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the box. One is extra. der, milk, vegetable oil, cod
fillets
important tooth paste bacterial plaque natural tools care Thailand rices noodles, shrimp, garlic,
Pad Thai tofu, eggs, green onions, red
1. I use natural products for my face because I have sensitive skin. bell peppers, cilantro, pea-
2. Technological tools are useful for modern cooking. nuts, soy sauce, rice vinegar
3. It is very important to brush your teeth every day! Fajitas Mexico red onion, chicken breasts,
4. Which toothpaste is good for your teeth? paprika, cumin, limes,
5. The dentist said that I have bacterial plaque because I don’t brush my teeth twice a day. tortillas, yoghurt, cheddar
cheese, cherry tomatoes
4. Match the words with their synonyms. Sashimi Japan fresh salmon, squid, tuna or
octopus, sesame oil, cucum-
ber, carrot, sushi rice
a. economical 1.cooking directions c
b. cost 2. unprocessed d Spain olive oil, onion, risotto rice,
3. cheap a Paella tomatoes, chicken stock,
c. recipe
d. natural 4. risk-free e seafood mix, parsley
e. safe 5. price b
Unit -4
4 • Modals : Should (advice)

• Can (ability, possibility)
4 T E C H N O LO G Y
• Future Tense: Will (possible future events)
Grammar (G) • Question words (How much, How many)
4 Understanding gist
Reading (R)
4 Writing a guided dialogue
Writing (W)
4 Asking and answering questions about a familiar

topic
Speaking (S)
4 Understanding key information in short dialogues
Listening (L)
4 • Conducting a mini research on an unfamiliar topic

Whole Person
Learning (WPL)
Unit -4
4. Work with your partner. Read the text again and guess the 6. Study the table below. Complete the missing parts by
meaning of the bold words. Then check your answers in the looking at the example.
dictionary.
(+) (-) (?)
I can create a I can’t create a Can you create a

Currency (n.) : __________________________ I
Bitcoin address Bitcoin address Bitcoin address?
Virtual (adj.) : ___________________________ He/
She She Can she
she/ …………… ……………?
Stage (n.) : _____________________________ …………
it
Install (v.) : _____________________________ You/we/ We We can Can
they ………… …………… ……………?
Hackers (n.) : ___________________________
Prove (v.) : _____________________________

7. Study the table again carefully and write the FORM.
Efficiently (adv.) : _______________________
Wallet (n.) : ____________________________ CAN

FORM: Subject+can+Verb
Purse (n.) : _____________________________
Cash (n.) : _____________________________

8. Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
1. You/exchange/with/books/CDs/can/system/barter/in
5. Read the text again and answer the following questions. (+)
You can exchange books with CDs in barter sytem.
1. What is another term used for Bitcoin? 2. People/buy/with/cannot/everything/Bitcoin/their (-)
People cannot buy everything with their Bitcoin.
Electronic cash, e-cash or digital currency
3. Bitcoin/pay/people/all/can/in/places/by (?)
2. What should you do to use Bitcoin?
4A Bitcoin 3. Read the text below and add extra information to your Can people pay in all places by Bitcoin?
notes about Bitcoin. You should install Bitcoin wallet on your smart phone or
1. Work with your partner. Discuss the questions below. your computer. II. MODALS (SHOULD)
Do research if necessary. Bitcoin is a new term. It is simply electronic cash (e-cash) 3. What are the disadvantages of using Bitcoin?
just like e-mails. You can also refer to it as digital currency. SHOULD
• You cannot pay by Bitcoin in most places.
1. What is the barter system? Today, one BTC is 12000 USD. Ten years ago, it was 0.008
2. What is Bitcoin (BTC)? USD. Bitcoin (BTC) is not physical, it is virtual. Bitcoin is • Hackers can steal your bitcoin and you may not prove it. We use SHOULD to give advice.
still at a very early stage. Lots of people do not know much • You should be familiar with technology to use it SHOULD is a modal. Modals slightly change the meaning
2. Write your findings about the barter system and about it. efficiently. of the verb used.
Bitcoin in the space below.
So, people should get education about it. 9. Study the table below. Complete the missing parts by
To use Bitcoin, firstly you should install Bitcoin wallet on 4. Why does the author think that we won’t have purses or looking at the example.
The Barter System: your smart phone, or on your computer. Then, you can wallets in the future?
create your Bitcoin address. You can use your Bitcoin Because he thinks that the future of money is virtual.
address only once. You can buy Bitcoins with physical
money and sell things and get Bitcoins (virtual money) in (+) (-) (?)
return. Experts believe that Bitcoin is not very practical. Grammar Reference: I shouldn’t learn Should you
Bitcoin: I should learn
Firstly, using bitcoin is not very common. Secondly, hackers I about Bitcoin. about Bitcoin. learn about
can steal your bitcoin and you may not be able to prove the I. MODALS (CAN) about Bitcoin?
theft. Thirdly, you should be familiar with technology to use
He/ She ..... she
it efficiently. CAN She
she/ …………… ……………
…………
it
So the future of money is virtual money. In the future We use CAN to talk about ability and possibility.
perhaps, we won’t have wallets or purses. We will only CAN is a modal. Modals slightly change the meaning of the You/ You You should
have virtual cash on our smart phones. It will be difficult for verb used. we/ ………… …………… ……………?
old people who are technology blind. they
Unit -4 Grammar Reference: The dialogue should answer the questions below.
1. Which operating system does the customer prefer?

III. HOW MUCH/ HOW MANY
2. Which colours are available?
3. Which colour does the customer prefer?
We use HOW MUCH/HOW MANY to ask about quantity.
4. Does the smartphone have different versions of the
3. Use “how much” or “how many” to complete the sentences same product? (Standard/Pro)
below. 5. How much does the smartphone cost?
6. Can the customer pay with Bitcoin?
1. How much does iphone 7 cost? 7. Does the customer want the guarantee service
2. How many students use Bitcoin in this class? included?
3. How much money do you have in your wallet?
4. How many purses do you have in your handbag?
It is very heavy!
4. Look at the questions above. Study the words following How

much/How many. Circle the correct option (Singular/Plural.+
Countable/Uncountable)
We use “how many” to ask about Singular/Plural and

Countable/Uncountable nouns.
We use “how much” to ask about Countable/Uncountable
nouns.
5. Write a dialogue between a customer and a shop assistant.

The customer wants to buy a smartphone and wants to use
Bitcoin to pay.
10. Study the table above carefully and write the 4B iPhone 11 Look at the picture above. What does it remind you of?
FORM below. The boy in the picture is Ray. The girl in the picture is
1. Discuss the questions below with your partner. Sue. Complete the dialogue between Ray and Sue.
Dialogue:

Ray: Hi Sue! Today is our bartering day! I am so excited.
1. How many operating systems (mobile technology)
SHOULD are there in your country? Sue: Me, too Ray! Here are my goods.
FORM: Subject+________+___________ 2. Which operating system is more common?
3. Which one do you prefer? What are your reasons? Ray : My goods are also ready. Let’s swap them.
4. How often do you change your smart phone? Sue: How many books do you have?
11. Put the words in the correct order to make
2. Listen to the recording and answer the following questions Ray: I have five books here. How many bananas have
meaningful sentences. you got?
while listening.
1. you/download/a/wallet/digital/phone/your/on/ Sue: I have got three bananas.
should 1. Where is the customer?
The customer is in a phone shop. Ray: Sorry but I can’t give my books for three bananas.
You should download a digital wallet on your
phone. 2. What does the customer ask for?
Sue: Oh no! I have some money as well. I can give you
The customer asks for iPhone 11. some money and bananas.
2. you/your/account/sign/out/should/Bitcoin 3. Which one does the customer prefer? Standard or Pro?
The customer prefers the standard one. Ray: How much money do you have?
You should sign out your Bitcoin account.
4. How much does the Pro cost? Sue: I have 0.01BTC. But, I can only give you 0.001 BTC.
3. I/should/buy/Bitcoin(?) It costs 1000 Dollars.
5. Which colour does the customer prefer? Ray: Deal.
Should I buy Bitcoin?
The customer prefers the yellow colour.
Sue: Deal.
Unit -4
II. GRAMMAR
4C-PRACTICE
2. Fill in the blanks with can/can’t and a verb from the box.
I. VOCABULARY
see keep take talk
1. Match the definitions with the words in bold. play apply for borrow develop
use (2) miss enter smoke
1. Turkish currency--(TL)-- is losing value. d
2. You can tour the Louvre Museum from home. Of course, it will be a virtual tour. i
Ostimtech students
3. Human life has three stages, childhood, adulthood, and old age. b 1. can borrow books from the library but they can’t borrow them more than two weeks.
2. can play pinpong during the breaks .
4. Some parents install a camera in their children’s room to watch what they are doing. c
3. can’t smoke in class but they can drink water.
5. Hackers often steal personal information from computers and sell them. a 4. can see their advisors in their office hours to discuss their problems.
5. can’t miss more than 20% of classes because 80% attendance is compulsory.
6. Coronavirus pandemic proved that humans are not ready for such global problems. g
6. can’t enter the school building without an ID.
7. Almost all businesses need computers to work efficiently. j 7. can talk on their cellphones but theycan’t use their computers when the teacher gives permission.
8. can use the labs freely after class hours.
8. I carry my family pictures in my wallet, not money. e 9. can develop business projects with their professors.
9. My mom’s purse is very heavy because she puts everything in it. h 10. can apply for Erasmus and Work and Travel programs.
11. can take other foreign languages like Chinese or Spanish after they pass English in Prep School.
10. Are you going to pay in cash or by credit card? f
4. Eren is planning a summer vacation to Russia. His Russian friend Zargov is writing to him about the things he should
shouldn’t do when he is in Russia. Use should/shouldn’t and a phrase from the box. There are TWO extra phrases.
a. someone who illegally gets into someone else’s computer system

leave empty bottles drink water dance take off your shoes
b. a point, period, or step in a process or development.
bring say no take your passport take off your gloves
c. to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready to use help whistle argue look serious
d. the units of money used in a particular country 1. You should take off your shoes when you shake hands.
e. small container for paper money and credit cards used by men 2. You shouldn’t say no when someone offers you a drink.
3. You should leave empty bottles on the table.

f. money in the form of coins or notes (= paper money)
4. You should bring a gift, small or big, when you visit someone at home.
g. to show that something is true
5. You should not whistle indoors. It brings bad luck.
h. a small container for money, usually used by women 6. You should help a woman carrying heavy things.
i. done or seen using computers or the Internet 7. You should take your passport when you go out.
8. You should look serios in public in public.

j. working well and not wasting time or energy
9. You should take off your shoes when you enter a house.
10. You should not argue with a babushka (an elderly woman).
Unit -4
5. Complete the blanks with the correct form of the most suitable modals. -Organize and join parties at the weekends
-Join student clubs/participate in social activities
CAN – ability and possibility SHOULD—giving advice WILL—making predictions
-Study just the night before exams
-Learn to study effectively
1. Elon Musk thinks that we will build cities on Mars in the future.
-Compete with good students in your class
2. If you want to keep fit, you should exercise regularly.
-Don’t share your lecture notes with your classmates
3. Coronavirus can’t spread from person to person by touching.
-Focus on getting good grades
4. Technology is important but it can’t solve all human problems.
-Show interest in different topics/subjects
5. Young people should spend less time on the internet because it sometimes wastes their time.
6. If you are ill, you shouldn’t go to school.
Dear students,
7. Many people think life will/should return to normal after the coronavirus.
Welcome to OstimTech. If you want to be successful here;
8. Some people say that money can/will buy you happiness but I don’t agree.
You should ______________________________________________________________________________________________
9. We all should wear masks to protect ourselves and others from COVID-19.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. When will life on Earth end?I think in about ten million years.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Fill in the blanks with HOW MUCH/HOW MANY.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mary and her son Frank are checking their stocks in case of a long lockdown. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Frank: Well, mom, are we ready for a possible lockdown? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mary: I think so, yet we have to check our stocks.
Frank: Ok. Let’s start with tea.
Mary: How much do we have?
Frank: Well, we have about five kilos.
Mary: That’s enough, I guess. How many eggs are there in our stock?
Frank: Let me see. About sixty. Is that enough?
Mary: Perhaps we need to buy another forty. Next, how much sugar do we have?
Frank: We have three kilos and that is enough.
Mary: All right. You know your dad loves diet coke. How many cans of diet coke are there?
Frank: There are five six packs, plus ten in the fridge.
Mary: I guess it will do. Oh, I almost forgot. How much flour do we have?
Frank: Come on mom, we have enough to make bread for the whole neighborhood.
Mary: Very funny, huh? What about washing powder? How much is there in our stock?
Frank: Oh, mom . That’s enough for today. Let’s check others tomorrow.
III. WRITING: Giving advice
A. Write a memo giving advice to new students about what they should/shouldn’t do to be successful at Ostimtech.
•Do/Don’t:
-Do your assignments/homework on time
Unit -5
5 • Present Simple 5 A r t ,
Design,
• Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, sometimes, rarely, never)
• Personality adjectives
Grammar (G)
5 • Identifying key vocabulary

Ps y c h o l o g y
Reading (R)
5 Using simple phrases for description
Writing (W)
5 Asking and answering questions about a familiar topic
Speaking (S)
5 Understanding key information in short lectures and taking notes
Listening (L)
5 • Introduction to creative thinking

• Using background knowledge to come to a conclusion
Whole Person • Conducting mini research on a semi-familiar topic
Learning (WPL)
A r t , D e s i g n , Ps y c h o l o g y 60 61 A r t , D e s i g n , Ps y c h o l o g y
Unit -5
Reading
White, red, orange, yellow, blue, green, turquoise, purple, lilac, pink, black, grey..
Which colour is your favourite? Pick your colour and the colour reflects your personality.
Orange people: They are always active and energetic people. They usually wake up early. They are often good at sports.
They rarely have free time. They are also friendly and funny. They usually have lots of friends.
Blue people: They are usually romantic people. They never say no to a romantic night with their partner. You can trust
them. They almost always tell the truth. Blue is a sign of honesty.
Purple people: These are mostly sensitive people. They are usually sensitive to all living things. They love animals. They
like supporting their relatives and friends. They are charismatic. They always attract attention. They are never rude to
other people. They are also fairly tidy.
Yellow people: They are always sensible people. They never act with their feelings. They like helping others. They never let
you down. You can trust them. They are quite friendly and reliable.
Green people: Green people are usually quiet. They usually have a successful school life. They always question things. They
are very curious people. They seldom get stressed. They are rather calm people.
Adverbs of frequency Statement
I He always gets stressed.

Always I am usually friendly.
5A What Colour Are You? 2. Read the text and complete the following statements. He
She Usually He is often rude.
1. Purple people are polite to others. Often He is never romantic.
1. Match the personality adjectives with the descriptions. Grammar Reference: It
Check your dictionaries. 2. Orange people don’t like being passive. Seldom They are seldom tidy
I. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY We Rarely We are always very funny.
3. Blue people act with feelings.
You Never It is often a friendly dog.
Friendly k a. has a great charm 4. Yellow people act with logic or reason.
Adverbs of frequency are always, usually, often, sometimes, They She is always very romantic.
5. Green people are ready to learn more and more. rarely, never. They come after the verb ‘be’. We use ‘how often’ to
Funny b b. makes people laugh ask about frequency.
6. Orange people are always busy.
Romantic g c. puts things away after using them 3. Answer the following questions based on the text.
4. Underline the frequency adverbs in the reading and fill in the
1. Who would you tell your secret? table below with the personality adjectives used in the reading
Sensitive i d. doesn’t show strong emotions like 6. Put the words below in the correct order. Answer
I would tell my secrets to Blue people. Because I can text.
them using the adverbs of frequency. Then, ask the
anger, stress question to your friend and write his/her answer.
trust them.
2. Who would you leave your pet with when you go on Be Adverbs of frequency Personality Adjectives
Charismatic a e. wants to learn about things/ people 1. Often/you/stressed/how/do/get
holiday? I am Calm How often do you get stressed?
Rude h f. makes logical decisions He is Always Romantic YOU:_______________________________________
I would leave my pet to Purple people. Because they
She Usually Funny YOUR FRIEND:_______________________________
Sensible f g. not very realistic, thinks about love love animals. It Often Friendly
We are Seldom Tidy 2. Do/you/how/often/to/your academic counsellor/go
Curious e h. not polite 3. Who would make you laugh?
You Rarely Rude How often do you go to your academic counsellor?
Orange people would make me laugh. Because they They Never Sensitive YOU:________________________________________
Calm d i. thoughtful YOUR FRIEND:________________________________
are funny.
Tidy c j. you can trust them 4. Who wouldn’t get panicked? 3. Use/how/do/colours/often/you/relax/to/use?
5. Use adverbs of frequency and personality adjectives to make How often do you use colours to relax?
Green people don’t get panic. Because they are calm.
Reliable j k. like a friend meaningful sentences. YOU:_________________________________________
YOUR FRIEND:_________________________________
Unit -5
8. Stand up and ask your friends their favourite colour (at
least 5 friends). Make note of their favourite colour. Put a
star next to red lovers. Ask about their personality traits
and make note of them. Then write a description of red
people in the space below. Refer to the reading text to get
ideas. You may use the questions below.
What is your favourite colour/ Which colour do you like

best?
What are your personality traits? Are you shy? Are you
patient? Etc. 3. Conduct a brief research about black and white colours.
What is special about them? Write at least three sentences
Your friends’ favorite colour: about black and white colours.
Red People: Black and White
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
5B POWER OF COLOURS ___________________________________________
7. Circle the colour words in the reading. Which colour is missing in the text? Write at least one personality adjective next ___________________________________________
to each colour. Find a personality adjective for the missing colour. 1. Work with your partner. Discuss the questions below.
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
1. Why do we need colours in our life?
COLOURS PERSONALITY ADJECTIVES ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________
___________________________________________
2. What are the 6/7 main colours of the rainbow?
___________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. Which colour is missing from the rainbow? Why?
___________________________________________
____________________________________________
4. Is white a colour? Why/Why not?
2. Listen to the lecture about colours and fill in the missing

information in the table.
Yellow reliable
Orange energetic Colours Words
Red confident, optimistic, extrovert
Purple charismatic
Blue romantic blue
Green curious
green
pink
red
orange
yellow
brown
Unit -5
5C-PRACTICE 4. Write strengths and limitations of the 4 groups of people according to The People Code. Use your notes from Task 1.
I. VOCABULARY STRENGTHS LIMITATIONS
1. Work in pairs. Match the adjectives with their definitions or synonyms. pessimistic
BLUES
1. dishonest C A. courageous
2. unfriendly E B. angry, violent
3. aggressive B C. does not tell the truth
WHITES
4. sociable D D. likes spending time with other people
5. brave A E. showing no sympathy, cold
2. Choose the odd one and cross it out. YELLOWS lively
1. friendly optimistic kind honest aggresive
2. dishonest unfriendly pessimistic reliable rude REDS charismatic
3. extroverted honest sociable outgoing friendly
4. brave violent trustworthy peaceful calm
III. WHOLE-PERSON LEARNING & WRITING

II. RESEARCH
5. Work in pairs. Read the instruction of Task 6 below. Check your understanding with your pair and then with your
3. Conduct a mini research about Hartman’s Personality Profile (The People Code). Make notes in the space given below.
instructor.
Include personality adjectives in your notes.
6. Work in groups of 4 to write a paragraph. You should pick one of the 4 colours above. Members of the same group can’t
I. REDS: pick the same colour. Write the personality traits of blues, yellows, reds and whites in full sentences. Include positive and
negative features. Use frequency adverbs such as always, sometimes etc. You can also make subjective comments. Exchange
your piece with another member of the group. Edit the work and give feedback to your peer. Put the edited work together
and write it in the space below.
II. BLUES:
III. WHITES:
IV. YELLOWS:
Unit -5
IV.GRAMMAR
7. Read the paragraphs below. There are five mistakes in each. Find and correct them.
1. Do you have a favourite colour? I have one. My favourite colour is orange. I have a full set of crayons and I usually spent
some time painting mandala patterns at the weekends. I put my crayon set next to me, and I almost always pick orange
or yellow. It is a symbol of cheerfulness, happiness and joy. I am usually an optimistic person. I am friendly and witty.
2. Are you a cat person or a dog person? I am a cat person. I have got three cats. They are all tabby cats. Cat people are
usualy very courageous, confident and creative people. They like to try new things, so they are adventurous. Dog people
are usually quite friendly and sociable but they are sometimes boring.
IV. RESEARCH& SPEAKING
8. Conduct a mini research about cat persons and dog persons. Write your findings in the space below.

I. Cat persons:
II. Dog persons:
9. Work in pairs. (A,B) . All As get up and walk around the classroom to find a B of another pair. Is s/he a cat person or a
dog person. Ask about their personality traits and make note of them. Compare your notes with your findings.
Unit -6
6 • Present Continuous Tense 6 A r t ,

Design,
• Going to (future plans)
Grammar (G)
6 Identifying function of short texts Ps y c h o l o g y

Reading (R)
6 Writing a short paragraph on a familiar topic
Writing (W)
6 Asking and answering simple questions about on very familiar topics
Speaking (S)
6 Listening to a lecture and taking notes
Listening (L)
6 Establishing a relation between 2 different topics
Whole Person
Learning (WPL)
Unit -6
Reading
Are you looking for a free time activity? Here is a great activity: Mandala Art. What is Mandala Art? Mandala means
circle in Sanskrit. I am going to draw my mandala figure soon.
What do I need for this?
Look at my equipment!
I have got some paper, coloured pencils, different size doting tools, a glass of water, crayons, mandala templates, a
ruler, an eraser and a compass. You don’t need many materials.
Now I am starting!
Look at my drawing. Follow my pencil. I am finding the center of my paper first. I am using my compass to draw the
main circle. Now, I am using my ruler to mark the circle. I am now drawing lines between the dots I marked on the
circle. Look, it is time to take my pencil and go back to the centre to draw my first geometrical shape. As you see, I
am drawing more and more symbols, some geometrical shapes around the centre. You can draw circles, rectangles,
squares, triangles etc. While drawing you should do nothing but concentrate. You should only focus on the shapes,
their size, their colour (para. 1).
I am not drawing a complex figure. And this is the final shape. My piece of art..
Now, it is time to colour the figure. Let me choose my colours. Umm.. I will use light and dark green, white and dark
and light orange colours. I am free to use any colour. I like using different shades of the same colour. I am picking my
6A MANDALA ART dotting tools to decorate the symbols. You can order the dotting tools from Amazon.com. It is a very safe e-commerce
6. Read the text and underline the materials needed for company. My mandala is the reflection of my soul. The colours are the reflection of my mood. I feel relaxed and calm
1. What are your free time activities? Discuss with your while I am drawing it. It takes my stress away. I am going to draw another mandala at the weekend. I am going to use
Mandala Art. Match them with the drawings below.
partner. red, yellow and black this time (para. 2).
2. Below are some free time activities.

Give them a number from 1-10 to rank your likes/ My Freetime Activity / My Feelings
dislikes. If you hate the activity, give it 1. If you love it, 7. Read the text again and answer the following ___________________________________________
give 10. questions ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Gardening _____ 1. Which equipment do we need for mandala art ___________________________________________
Knitting _____ drawing?
___________________________________________
Drawing _____ We need some paper, coloured pencils, different
___________________________________________
Sewing ____ size doting tools, a glass of water, crayons, mandala
__________________________________________
Playing a musical instrument____ templates, a ruler, an eraser and a compass.
Going to cultural events ____
___________________________________________
2. What should we use to draw the main circle?
Surfing the internet ____
___________________________________________
We should use compass to draw the main circle.
Playing chess ____ ___________________________________________
3. What should you do while you are drawing?
Playing computer games ____ ___________________________________________
I should find the center of the paper.
Going to the cinema _____ 4. their in P.1 refers to shapes’
___________________________________________
5. it in P. 2 refers to Amazon
___________________________________________
3. Which activities on the list are related to arts and 6. What colours is the author going to use for his/ her
__________________________________________
crafts? Can you think of other free time activities related next mandala? ___________________________________________
to art and crafts? The author is going to use red, yellow and black. ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
4. What does the word Mandala mean? 8. The author describes his/her (their) feelings about ___________________________________________
mandala art. Think about an activity and write down ___________________________________________
5. What is Mandala Art? Conduct online research about it how you feel while doing it. Use the feeling adjectives ___________________________________________
and write your findings. (happy, healthy, joyful, etc.) to explain your feelings. ___________________________________________
Unit -6
Leyla Ayla Sarah Seda Laura Artun Beren Sinan
10. Look at the drawing above. Write sentences about their outfit. Use your dictionary where necessary.
1. Leyla is wearing high heel shoes.

2. Ayla is wearing black sunglasses.
3. Sarah is wearing black shoes.
4. Laura is wearing a long black and white skirt.
Grammar Reference 5. Ayla and Seda are wearing high heel shoes.
6. Ayla and Sarah are wearing black sunglasses.
I. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
7. Beren and Artun are wearing a camel coat.
We use PRESENT CONTINUOUS to talk about/describe events that are happening at this moment or around now. 8. Sinan and Artun are wearing jeans.
9. Beren, Sinan and Artun are wearing boots.
+ - ? Short answers
11. Complete the dialoque. Use the Present continuous form of the words in brackets.
I I’m drawing a circle. I’m not drawing Are you drawing a Yes, I am.
a circle. circle? Sıla: Hey, John. What are you doing?
No, I am not. John: I am putting my Mandala equipment on the table.
Sıla: Are you planning to work on it now?
He/ He’s using a compass. He isn’t using a Is he using a Yes, he is. John: No, I am just getting things ready for tomorrow.
she/it compass. compass?
No, he isn’t. Sıla: I am off tomorrow. Can I join you?
John: Sure.
You/ They’re colouring the They aren’t Are they Yes, they are.
we / shapes. colouring the colouring the 12. Read the last 2 sentences of the text again. Underline the sentences. Write them in the space below. What
they shapes. shapes? No, they is common in both sentences? (BE+going to+V1)
aren’t.
9. Study the table above carefully and write the FORM below. Sentence 1: I am going to draw another mandala at the weekend.
Complete the missing information as well. Work with your Sentence 2: I am going to use red, yellow and black this time.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
partner.
When the verb ends in -e drop the -e and add -ing
FORM: Subject+Verb +ing
When the verb has one syllable and ends with a consonant
drop the final consonant and add -ing
Unit -6
14. Put the words in correct order to make meaningful 4. Answer the following questions using your notes.
sentences.
1. What is Sinan’s most important work of art?
1. Janet/ order/going to/ tools/ dotting/is/Amazon.com/ Selimiye Mosque is his most important work of art.
from(+) 2. What is special about lighting in Selimiye ?
Janet is going to order dotting tools from Amazon. The structure allows extra daylight inside the building.
2. Murat/going to/compass/a/is/buy (?) 3. What is special about Sinan’s art in general?
Is Murat going to buy a compass? Sinan offers functional and aesthetic solutions for
3.Sibel /not/use/pink/is/going to/time/this (-) structural problems.
Sibel is not going to use pink this time.
5. Find 3 more words related to architecture. Learn the
6B SINAN THE ARCHITECT meanings and try to teach them to the rest of the class.
Prepare a list of words related to architecture and post it
1. Add the names of the famous architects you know on the list on the walls.
below. Where are the architects listed below from? 1. Column
2. Arch
3. Pavilion
Architect Nationality
Antoni Gaudi Spanish 6. Think about Mandala Art and Architecture. Are Mandala
Renzo Piano Italian Art and Architecture connected to each other?
You may use the words below to write a paragraph about
Shigeru Ban Japanese the connection of mandala and architecture.
II. FUTURE(GOING TO)
Sinan the Architect Turkish
We use BE GOING TO to talk about future plans/ intentions. Mosque, Church, Dome, Decorations, Decorate, Patterns,
___________ ___________
13. Study the table below. Complete the missing parts by looking at the highlighted example.
___________ ___________
+ - ? Short Mandala Art and Architecture
answers 2. What do you know about Sinan the Architect? Where is he ___________________________________________
from? What are his masterpieces? What is special about his ___________________________________________
architecture? Do mini research and take notes in the space ___________________________________________
I I am going to draw I am not going Are you going Yes, I am.
another mandala at to draw another to draw another below. ___________________________________________
the weekend. mandala at the mandala at the No, I am not.
___________________________________________
weekend. weekend? Use the key words in your notes: Ottoman, masterpiece, reflect, ___________________________________________
interior, lighting, genius, chief, unique, innovative (check your
__________________________________________
dictionaries to find the meanings of the words.)
He/she/ He is going to draw He is not going Is he going to draw Yes, he is. ___________________________________________
it another mandala at to draw another another mandala ___________________________________________
the weekend. mandala at the at the weekend? No, he isn’t.
___________________________________________
weekend. ___________________________________________
You/ we We are going to draw We are not going Are you going Yes, we are. ___________________________________________
/they another mandala at to draw another to draw another
the weekend. mandala at the mandala at the No, we
weekend. weekend? aren’t.
3. Listen to the lecture about Sinan the Architect. Take notes
under the headings given.
13. Study the table above carefully and write the form below. Work with your partner.
Selimiye Mosque:
BE GOING TO Süleymaniye Mosque:
FORM: Subject+BE+GOING TO+V1 Sinan:
Unit -6 Rainforest.
6C-PRACTICE a. looks for b. is looking for c. looking for

5. ________________ a great time at the party tonight!
1.Put a tick next to the sentence with correct tense. a. We are have b. We’re have c. We’re having
Example: a. I’m in the library! I read a book about Mandala Symbolism. 4. Turn the statements into questions.
b. I’m in the library! I’m reading a book about Mandala Symbolism.

1. The moon doesn’t have any water.
1. a. This coding program is difficult. Do you know the shortcut? ✓ Does the Moon have any water ?
b. This coding program is difficult. Are you knowing the shortcut? 2. Tribes of the Amazon rainforest are protesting the Belo Monte Dam.
2. a. Do you wait for the airport shuttle? You’re in the wrong place! Are tribes of the Amazon rainforest protesting the Belo Monte Dam?
b. Are you waiting for the airport shuttle? You’re in the wrong place! ✓ 3. The Inuit Elders are trying to warn officials about climate change.
3. a. Look at that designer dress! It costs $4000. ✓ Are the Inuit Elders trying to warn officials about climate change?
b. Look at that designer dress! It is costing $4000. 4. Our natural environment is constantly changing.
4. a. Do you understand elementary particle physics? ✓ Is our natural environment constantly changing?
b. Are you understanding elementary particle physics? 5. Icelandic workers are facing a high risk of unemployment because of Covid 19.
5. a. Sorry, I can’t answer your call now. I take an online exam. Are Icelandic workers facing a high risk of unemployment because of Covid 19?
b. Sorry, I can’t answer your call now. I’m taking an online exam. ✓ 6. European countries are taking new measures to reduce the number of coronavirus cases.
Are European countries taking new measures to reduce the number of coronavirus cases?
7. Scientists are racing against time to prevent climate change.
2. Complete each sentence. Use the words in brackets. Use present simple or present continuous. Are scientists racing against time to prevent climate change?
8. The island’s population is producing their own electricity from renewable resources.
1. Ken always checks his messages before 11 a.m. Is the island’s population producing their own electricity from renewable resources?
2. Let’s go! Our boss is waiting for the financial report in his office! 9. I’m practicing Pilates and becoming fitter.
3. Where are we heading towards? Cem is waiting for us in front of the Faculty Club. Am I practicing Pilates and becoming fitter?
4. My colleagues don’t believe my theory on Hittite art and architecture. 10. The Polish economy is experiencing a huge transformation.
5. Please stand still! A snake is approaching. Is the Polish economy experiencing a huge transformation?
6. Does Sam understand the importance of hands-on training?

7. I usually study in the public library to escape the chaos of the city.
8. Emre can’t call you back at the moment. He is writing a report. 5. Complete each sentence. Use GOING TO and the verb in brackets.
9. Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System completes an orbit of the Sun in 84 years.
10. Uranus has 13 rings and many moons around it. 1. Tuna is going to be a mechanical engineer when he grows up.
2. Look at the news. All the sea ice is melting. It is going to be an ice-free Arctic over the next few decades.
3. Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space. 3. The Himalayan glaciers are going to decrease rapidly.
4. Why do you always put your mobile phone in your back pocket? You are going to drop it on the ground.
1. A few people _______________ a tent in our backyard. 5. Companies are currently looking for alternative methods of selling their products. Otherwise, they are going to lose
a. is putting up b. are putting up c. putting their market value.
2. ‘What _______________ of Carl Jung’s essay on Mandala symbols?’ ‘I think it’s difficult to understand!’ 6. My boss is not here now but he is going to hold a meeting in his office at 3 p.m.
a. do you think b. is you think c. you do think 7. My cousin is a translator. He is going to translateTurkish Fairy Tales And Folk Tales by Ignacz Kunos.
3. __________________ that there is another ‘you’ out there in a parallel universe? 8. Look out! A group of sharks are getting closer. They are going to attack the surfers.
a. Are you believe b. Are you believing c. Do you believe 9. The cargo ship is beginning to take on water and the storm is getting stronger. The cargo ship is going to sink.
4. At the present time the CEO of our advertising company _______________________ shooting locations in the Amazon
Unit -6
6. Ken is doing research about the ancient sites in Turkey. He plans to visit Turkey in August. Read his plans and write as 8. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate option.
many sentences as possible with going to + V1.
1. Hagia Sophia _____________ the beauty of Byzantine and Ottoman architecture.
Monday arrive in Ankara at 10 a.m. a) reflects b) draws c) considers d) needs
visit a few museums 2. The Sultan Ahmet Mosque, also called the Blue Mosque, _____________ the architectural principles of its time.
Tuesday travel to Çatalhöyük a) shows b) concentrates c) separates d) allows
visit the North and South excavation areas 3. __________________ my words, they are going to regret their decision.
Wendesday take a train ride to Eskişehir a) choose b) mark c) focus d) pick

4. Writings on their clay tablets __________________ to the Hittites as Nesili, (nešili ,“relating to the city of Nesa”).
check into the hotel in the Phyrgian Valley
a) order b) sew c) knit d) refer
Thıursday take pictures of rock monuments
5. Japanese furniture design is simple, practical and __________________.
join a guided tour
a) wide b) functional c) interior d) complex
return to Ankara 6. A group of people started a campaign to protect their neighborhood from __________________ development.
Friday fly to Şanlıurfa from Ankara
a) actual b) aesthetic c) commercial d) unique
visit Göbekli Tepe’s stone pillars 7. Even today architects are trying to understand the __________________ characteristics of Mimar Sinan’s mosques.
Saturday walk around the city a) extra b) wide c) structural d) separate
feed fish at the Pool of Abraham aka Balikli Göl 8. When you visit Çatalhöyük, you can see geometric ___________________ as well as animal figures on the walls.
spend some time at Şanlıurfa Archeological Museum a) daylight b) solutions c) tombs d) patterns
Sunday fly back to Ankara 9. Valentino Gareri’s project offers new _______________________ for the Notre Dame Cathedral.
a) circles b) moods c) domes d) compasses
1. He is going to arrive in Ankara at 10 a.m. on Monday.
10. There are a lot of national parks in Bolivia. A lot of tourists visit them and sit under the ________________________ of
2. He is going to visit a few museums on Monday.
tropical trees.
3. He is going to travel to Çatalhöyük on Tuesday.
a) reflection b) shape c) shade d) equipment
4. He is going to take a train ride to Eskişehir on Wednesday.
5. He is going to take pictures of rock monuments on Thursday.
6. He is going to fly to Şanlıurfa from Ankara.
7. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words from the box. There are more words than you need.
outstanding ornaments innovative shade circular

reflection commerce architectural compass masterpieces
1. Which way is north? I think we’re lost. Our compass isn’t working.
2. The reflection of the light from the glass has a harmful effect on the eye.
3. Elon Musk is one of the most innovative entrepreneurs of our era.
4. Mimar Sinan’s masterpieces are bridges in the Balkans.
5. Gothic is a(n) architectural style. You can see some fine examples of this style in northern France.
6. E-commerce is becoming more popular because of the coronavirus lockdown.
7. It was very hot out, so we tried to find a shade near the building.
8. SpaceX’s astronaut launch is a(n) outstanding achievement for humanity.
9. The historic wooden houses of Istanbul have elegant ornaments.
Unit -7
Business,
7 • Simple Past Tense -regular/ irregular (finished actions in the past)
• Comparatives (show similarities and differences)
7 E n t re p re n e u r s h i p ,
Grammar (G)
Innovation
7 • Locating and understanding specific information
Reading (R)
7 • Writing a short paragraph on a familiar topic
Writing (W)
7 • Asking and answering simple questions on very familiar topics
Speaking (S)
7 • Listening to a lecture and taking notes
Listening (L)
7 • Establishing a relation between 2 different topics
Whole Person
Learning (WPL)
B u s i n e s s , E n t ro p re n e u r s h i p , I n n o v a t i o n 82 83 B u s i n e s s , E n t ro p re n e u r s h i p , I n n o v a t i o n
Unit -7 Grammar Reference:
I. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
We use SIMPLE PAST TENSE to talk about things that

happened in the past.
TO BE
Simple Past form of to be is WAS/WERE.
TO BE + - ? Short
(SIMPLE answers
PAST
TENSE)
I/he/she/it He was He was Was Yes, he was.
the not the he the 12. Write the form of SIMPLE PAST TENSE
head of head of head of
Sabancı Sabancı Sabancı No, he (irregular verbs) by looking at the two sentences.
Holding. Holding. Holding? wasn’t.
(Your answer for question 10).
You/we/ They They Were Yes, they
they were were they were.
real not real real
patriots. patriots. patriots? SIMPLE PAST TENSE (irregular verbs)
No, they
weren’t. FORM: Subject+no definite rule for V2
SIMPLE + - ? Short
7. Study the table above and fill in the gaps with the
PAST TENSE answers
correct structure.
7A SAKIP SABANCI-THE ENTREPRENEUR (regular)
8. What did Sakıp Sabancı collect? (Find the answer in the
1. Work with a partner. Brainstorm words related to 4. Prepare 2 questions about Sakıp Sabancı. Add text and write it down).
entrepreneurship. them to the list below. He collected calligraphy and 19th and 20th Century I/he/she/it He collected He didn’t collect Did he collect Yes, he did,
Turkish paintings.
calligraphy. calligraphy. calligraphy?
1. Where was Sakıp Sabancı born?
No, he didn’t.
Study the sentence. Underline the verb of the sentence. You/we/they They financed They didn’t Did they Yes, they did.
2. Did he have a nick name? If yes, what was his nick What did you notice? Discuss with your partner.
schools, finance schools finance
name? No, they
9. Write the form of SIMPLE PAST TENSE (regular verbs) theatres and theatres and schools
didin’t.
libraries. libraries. theatres and
3. How many children did he have ?
libraries?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE (regular verbs)
2. Below are some world-wide famous entrpreneurs. Use the 4. When did he die ? FORM: Subject + V2 (V+ed/d)
clues to guess their full names. SIMPLE + - ? Short
PAST TENSE answers

1. MARK ZUCKENBERG
(irregular)
2. RAHMİ KOÇ 5. Read the text on page 87 and underline the 10. Read the text and write the answers in the space given.
3. BILL GATES answers to the first 2 questions above.
4. SAKIP SABANCI 1. Sakıp Sabancı was born in 1933 in Kayseri. a. With which companies did Sabancı Holding become
2. He had the nick name called Sakıp Agha. I/he/she/it He won 12 He didn’t win Did he win Yes, he did,
partners?
3.Work with a partner and list the names of entrepreneurs you The Holding became partners with companies such as honorary 12 honorary 12 honorary
know. (not listed above) 6. Study the structure of the sentences below. What Toyota and IBM. No, he didn’t.
doctorates. doctorates. doctorates?
did you notice? Discuss with your partner. b. How many honorary doctorates did Sakıp Sabancı win?
Entrepreneurs:
He won 12 honorary doctorates.
Sakıp Sabancı was born in 1933 in Kayseri.
11. Study your answers above. Underline the verbs of the
He had the nick name, Sakıp Agha. sentence. What did you notice about the verbs? Discuss with Study the tables above and try to complete the missing
your partner. parts.
Unit -7
Reading
Sakıp Sabancı was born in 1933 in Kayseri. He had the nick name, Sakıp Agha. It was a sign of respect in Turkish culture.
He was the president of Sabancı Holding. His father’s name was Hacı Ömer Sabancı. In 1967, Sakıp Sabancı took over the
family business. Sakıp Sabancı was a great businessman, an entrepreneur. He was the head of Sabancı Holding. The Holding
became partners with companies such as Toyota and IBM. He won 12 honorary doctorates. Sakıp Sabancı was interested in
arts; especially Ottoman calligraphy. He was an art collector. He collected calligraphy and 19th and 20th Century Turkish
paintings. His collections became a museum in 2002. It is called the Sabancı Museum. He was married with three children.
The Sabancı family loved their country. They were real patriots. They financed schools, theatres and libraries. According to
Forbes, they were the 147th richest family in the world. Sakıp Sabancı died of kidney cancer in 2004.
7B COFFEE
1. Work with a partner. Match the words with their definitions.
Try to guess the meanings from the context first. Check your
dictionary where necessary.
13. As you see, there is no definite rule for V2 for irregular a. Tropical In the shape of a circle, round g
verbs. So you have to memorize the V2 form of the irregular b. Sensitive Red/brown chemical element f
verbs. Below are the V2 of some of the most common irregular c. Brew Easily affected, changed b
verbs. d. Invent Create something for the first time d
e. Discover Add boiling water c
Find the V2 form of go, have, send, choose and take and write f. Copper Extremely hot a
them in the space given.
g. Circular Find a place, object for the first time e
V1 V2 (Simple Past) 2. Listen to the lecture about coffee and take notes under the
headings given.
Become Became
Arabica: Robusta:
Go Went
Win Won
Write Wrote
Have Had
Send Sent
3. Use your notes to compare Arabica with Robusta coffee.
Choose Chose Write at least 2 sentences.
Take took 1. Arabica is much more expensive than Robusta.
2. Robusta is less sensitive to insects.
Unit -7
6. Conduct a mini research about Turkish coffee and write a short paragraph to compare it with Arabica/Robusta filter
coffee.
Turkish Coffee vs. Filter Coffee

__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
II. COMPARATIVES 4. Find three more examples for one syllable, two or more
syllables and two syllable adjectives ending in Y. Write _________________________________________________________________________________________
We use comparative adjectives to compare 2 them on the right column. _________________________________________________________________________________________
things. For regular adjectives there are 3 ways
__________________________________________________________________________________________
of making an adjectives comparative: Some comparative adjectives are irregular. There is no rule __________________________________________________________________________________________
for those adjectives. So you have to memorize them. __________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Comparatives Small (one syllable)
Below are some irregular comparative adjectives: __________________________________________________________________________________________
(regular) __________________________________________________________________________________________
Expensive (2 or more syllables) good better _________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Tasty (2 syllable ending in Y)
bad worse ___________________________________________________________________________________________
much more ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
far further/farther ___________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Short • bigger, taller
cheaper
little less ___________________________________________________________________________________________
adjectives
__________________________________________________________________________________________
small-er
___________________________________________________________________________________________
(one syllable) 5. Put the words in order to make meaningful sentences.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Long more/less • more
interesting
___________________________________________________________________________________________
expensive 1. Sakıp Sabancı/than/richer/is/ Rahmi Koç.
adjectives
more exciting ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Sakıp Sabancı is richer than Rahmi Koç.
more difficult __________________________________________________________________________________________
(two or more) __________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Robusta/are/circular/beans/more/than/Arabica/beans
3. Two syllable tastier • greedier __________________________________________________________________________________________
Robusta beans are more circular than Arabica beans.
adjectives __________________________________________________________________________________________
• funnier
3. Turkish/tastier/is/than/coffee/coffee/instant
__________________________________________________________________________________________
ending in Y
• scarier Turkish coffee is tastier than instant coffee.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit -7
4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate past forms of the verbs.
7C-PRACTICE 1. Where did you go (go) this past weekend? I heard (hear) you were on vacation.
2. Did the business partners come (come) to an agreement?
I. GRAMMAR - SIMPLE PAST & COMPARATIVES
3. Which companies did they choose (choose) for the Forbes list?
4. Did your brother make (make) plans for the weekend?
1. Complete the sentences with the simple past form of “be.”
5. How often did she speak (speak) at conferences? I know that she wrote many articles.
A: What are you watching?
B: Oh..it’s this documentary on Sakıp Sabancı’s life. I knew that he was (1) a very successful man in the business world, but I
5. Make negativesentences using the clues in brackets. An example is done for you.
didn’t know how successful…it’s mindblowing!
A: I know, right? He was (2) the 147th richest person in the world, wasn’t he? 1. The foreigners spoke English, but (German) they didn’t speak German.
B: Yes, he was (3). He also built so many schools and hospitals in Turkey. And the whole Sabancı family’s history is interesting
2. The company’s managers worked last week, but (the week before) they didn’t work the week before.
too. Hacı Ömer Sabancı (Sakıp Sabancı’s father) was (4) a hardworking man.
3. My boss wanted more employees, but (to pay extra) he didn’t want to pay extra.
A: The family did so many things. They were (5) great examples of Turkey’s rich and wealthy. But they weren’t (6) perfect.
They had fights in the family. 4. He told his co-worker everything, but (his boss) he didn’t tell his boss everything.
B: Yeah…but the Sabancı Family was (7) like every family. Who doesn’t have fights? 5. Many famous innovators went to university, but (graduate school) they didn’t go to graduate school.
6. The business meeting was boring , but (unimportant) it wasn’t unimportant.
2. Complete the table with the past tense form of the verbs. Some verbs are regular, some are irregular. 7. She made a new product, but (the final product) she didn’t make the final product.
8. She wore a suit to work, but (heels) she didn’t wear heels.
Infinitive Past Infinitive Past Infinitive Past
9. The project management team chose the first idea, but (the second idea) they didn’t choose the second idea.
walk walked break broke learn learned/learnt 10. Our company bought the smaller businesses, but (the computer company) they didn’t buy the computer company.
hate hated build built make made
live lived drink drank put put

change changed eat ate read read
6. Compare the two things given. More than one answer is possible for some. The first one is done for you.
pass passed fall fell say said
1. bike / car — big
cook cooked feel felt speak spoke
A car is bigger than a bike.
study studied get got see saw
2. desktop computer / laptop — light
cry cried give gave tell told
A laptop is lighter than a desktop computer.
stop stopped hear heard think thought
3. Fast food / homemade food — cheap
plan planned know knew understand understood Fast food is cheaper than homemade food.
4. books / movies — enjoyable
3. Circle the correct option.
Books are more enjoyable than movies. (suggested answer)
Rahmi Koç is a very wealthy Turkish businessman. His father was/be (1) Vehbi Koç—the very successful businessman. 5. big city / town — easy to live in
Rahmi Koç was born in Ankara and goes/went (2) to Robert College in İstanbul. He continued/is continuing (3) his university A big city is easier to live in than a town. (suggested answer)
education in the US. He graduates/graduated (4) from John Hopkins University. Later, he returned/returns (5) to Turkey and
6. Working for someone else / working for yourself — good
started/was starting (6) to work at Koç Holding. He becomes/became (7) the general coordinator in 1964. In 1984, Vehbi
Working for yourself is better than working for someone else. (suggested answer)
Koç made/makes (8) his son the chairman of Koç Holding. In 2004, Rahmi Koç travelled/traveling (9) the world with his
sailboat. Today, he is/was (10) the honorary chairman of Koç Holding. He wanted/wants (11) to go skydiving in the future.
He also says/is saying (12) that taking risks are important for success.
7. Think about your answers to 4., 5., and 6. in task 6. What are your reasons? Write your reasons.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit -7
III. SPEAKING 2. Match the words with their collocations to make phrases. Then make sentences with these phrases.
8. Compare your answers with a partner. Discuss your reasons.
a. tropical d coffeemaker ____________________________________________________.
Useful language for…
b. sensitive a country ____________________________________________________.
c. brew b to caffeine ____________________________________________________.
expressing ideas disagreeing politely agreeing
d. invent f pot ____________________________________________________.
I think…because… I see your point, but… That’s so true.
e. discover e the coffee plant ____________________________________________________.
I believe… Don’t you think… I completely agree. f. copper c coffee ____________________________________________________.
In my opinion… I’m not so sure. You couldn’t be more right.
If you ask me… You’re absolutely right 3. Find 7 words from tasks 1 & 2 hidden below.
9. Fill in the blanks with a comparative of your choice. Make sure the sentences are meaningful.
Y A P A T R I O T D L A E U N C E X C S
1. Entrepreneurs are more hardworking (suggested answer) than the normal white-collar worker. I T G H U M K S U I Y A F T I V B D H A
2. Innovation is harder (suggested answer) than people think. L K R Y N U N I L B W J R S F A U D I S
3. Education is more important (suggested answer) than getting a job. K I B O O J O C E R R H T V O S S U I D
4. The Sabancı family is richer (suggested answer) than the Koç family. O V C U P T H N R E S P E C T D I M F I
R R E L E I A F V W G M Z G K O N E E S
S E A O Q P C U L T U R E E I O E N Y L
IV. VOCABULARY M D Q P T I S A D S U D A B L P S C T F
1. Check the reading about Sakıp Sabancı in Unit 7 to understand the meaning of the following words. Write down their form A F Z I A L E M L J I N V E N T S A N M
(as they are in the reading text)—n(oun) or v(erb), match them with their definitions and write them in the blanks in the
example sentences.
a. respect n f a person or business that works Our business partner helped us a lot
with other people or businesses during the economic crisis.
b. culture n j to give money for something or They show her respect because she is
someone the COO of the company.
c. president v e an organization, such as a com- Rahmi Koç received an honorary docto-
pany, that makes money rate from John Hopkins University.
d. take over n h a group of interesting or aesthetic Google was a small business in the year
objects (like art) 2000.
e. business n _a a feeling of admiring a person/ After the father died, the son took over
thing that’s good/important the family business.
f. partner n d to get control of something Entrepreneurship is a big part of Ameri-
can culture. Americans think risk-taking,
hard work, and making mistakes are
important.
g. honorary doctorate n b the beliefs, art, food, music, etc. She has a large collection of coins from
of a particular place all over the world.
h. collection n i a person who loves their country The Sabancı Family members are true
very much patriots; they support Turkey in every
way.
i. patriot n g a degree given by a university as Her father is the president of the com-
an honor, without the usual process pany; he has all the control.
j. finance v c someone with the highest positi- The business finances many other smal-
on in an organization or company ler businesses.
Unit -8
Business,
Grammar (G)
8 • Present Perfect Tense
• Can (ability)
• Compound words
8 E n t re p re n e u r s h i p ,
Innovation
8 Locating and understanding specific information
Reading (R)
8 Writing a short paragraph on a familiar topic
Writing (W)
8 Asking and answering simple questions on very familiar topics
Speaking (S)
8 Listening to a lecture and taking notes
Listening (L)
8 • Establishing a relation between 2 different topics

• Introduction to creative thinking
• Conducting mini research on a semi-familiar topic
Whole Person
Learning (WPL)
Unit -8
4. Read the text on page 99 and answer the following questions.
1. What is the textile product designed by the fashion-tech innovator?

A technological outfit.
2. What is the product designed by MAC?
MAC designed a make-up mirror.
3. Which technology is used for the MAC product?
AR (augmented realty) technology.
4. What is the benefit of superpersonal application for customers?
You can try clothes in the virtual world.
5. What do the following words refer to?

a. them (line 2) sectors
b. it (line 3) technological outfit
c. this application (line 7) superpersonal
5. Work in groups of 4-5. Design a product which combines fashion (textile industry, make-up
industry) and technology. Use your creativity.
The name of your product:
8A FASHION-TECH Its main features:
1. Discuss the questions below with your partner. Its benefits:
1. What will be the future of textile industry? Draw your product:
2. Have you seen a product which combines fashion and Grammar Reference:
technology? If yes, what is it?
I. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
2. Match the words with their definitions. Try to guess the We use PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about an action in the past. We mostly use it when we don’t
word forms (adjective, verb, noun, and adverb). know the time OR because the time is not important OR when we talk about our past experiences.
B Influence a. a software made for phones/tablet PRESENT + - ? Short answers

PERFECT
F Innovator b.affect
TENSE
E Outfit c. computer-based environment
I I have seen a fashion-tech I haven’t seen Have you seen Yes, I have.
H Product d. mean, represent product before. a fashion-tech a fashion-tech
product before. product before? No, I haven’t.
C Virtual world e. set of clothes He/she/it Technology has influenced Technology hasn’t Has technology Yes, it has.
3. Look at the photo above. What is AR (Augmented Reality)? all sectors. influenced all influenced all
Conduct research, and write your findings (in note form) in the sectors. sectors? No, it hasn’t.
A Application f. someone who introduces changes,
space below. You/ we / We have produced an AR We haven’t Have you produced Yes, we have.
new ideas they technology mirror. produced an an AR technology
AR technology mirror ? No, we haven’t.
_______________________________________________________
G Reflection g. image mirror.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
D Stand for h. something that is made for sale _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Unit -8
Reading
Fashion-Tech is a new term. The term is about fashion and technology. Technology has influenced all sectors. Fashion/
textile industry is one of them. The innovators in textile or fashion industry are designing outfits using technology. For
example, a fashion designer created a technological outfit. It changes its colour with your changing mood.
The makeup brand MAC designed a makeup mirror which uses AR technology. AR stands for Augmented Reality. You can
see your reflection in the mirror with the target makeup production. It is amazing. You can try any product on your face
with AR.
There is an application called superpersonal. With this application you can try clothes in the virtual world. You feed your
personal information (height, weight etc.) and the application creates your virtual version. Your virtual self can try any
outfit on you.
4. Conduct a mini research about Nevzat Aydın and his
success story and prepare a list of questions (at least 3)
8B YEMEK SEPETİ for Nevzat Aydın to learn about his tactics.
1. Study the compound nouns (adjective+noun,
___________________________________________________
noun+noun) below. Check the meanings from your
___________________________________________________
dictionary.
___________________________________________________
5. Put the following words in order to make meaningful

Business plan
sentences about Nevzat Aydın.
Investment strategies
Product development 1. Nevzat Aydın/ a/perspective/introduced/new//e-
Case study trade/has/to.
Legal issues Nevzat Aydın has introduced a new perspective to
Success story e-trade.
2. Aydın/of/has/the/been/company/CEO/foundation/
2. Discuss the questions below with your partner. since/its.
Aydın has been the CEO of the company since its
1. Do you use Yemek Sepeti in your daily life? foundation.
6. Study the table above carefully and write the FORM
below. Complete the missing information as well. Work 3. Yemek Sepeti/used/ technologies/modern/has/
Watch watched watched 2. Who is the founder of Yemek Sepeti?
with your partner. since/2011.
Hear heard heard
Yemek Sepeti has used modern technologies since
Learn learned/learnt learned/learnt (U.S.) 3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Yemek
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 2011.
Become became become sepeti?
FORM: Subject + have/has +V3 Leave left left
Happe happened happened 4. Do you think Yemek Sepeti is a success story?
7. Write the V2 and V3 of the verbs below. Forget forgot forgotten
Find found found 3. Listen to the interview with Nevzat Aydın- The CEO of
Be was, were been Yemek Sepeti. Try to answer the questions below while
Meet met met
Do did done listening.
Write wrote written
Go went gone 1. The interviever and Nevzat Aydın are in Harvard
Visit visited visited
Get got got/gotten (U.S.) Business School Conference Hall.
Make made made
Buy bought bought 2. Students discuss points like business plan,
Know knew known investment strategies, the process of product
Speak spoke spoken development, data base systems in their classes.
See saw seen 3. Students haven’t discussed moral and legal issues so
Buy bought bought far but they will start discussing them as well.
Know knew known
Speak spoke spoken
See saw seen
Unit -8
8C-PRACTICE 6. Retail
-gives shoppers instant information about products
I. VOCABULARY -helps shoppers compare products
1. Complete each sentence with the most suitable word in the box. -try on a product (clothes or make up)
-help shoppers find out the nutrition value or other features of food item
7. Gaming
stand for product virtual world outfit
-more realistic gaming experience
reflection influence application innovator
-gives fans statistics about their teams in e-sports
1. Leonardo da Vinci is the greatest innovator of all times. -enable fans to communicate with each other during e-sport games
2. IBM stands for International Bureau Machines. 8. Real Estate
3. Anthony Zuiker made a new crime show. In it, a detective travels between the real and virtual world. -provides potential buyer with the visual representations of properties
-gives views of the houses that will be built
4. I downloaded Samsung Health application to count my steps, heart rate, and calories burnt.
-visualize any room/house to see how you can decorate it
5. What is Apple’s most successful product? I think it is the iPHONE.
6. Before he left home for the job interview, he checked his reflection in the mirror. 3. Choose one of the sectors or the sector you have brainstormed in task 2 above. Study the text in Unit 8 and write a
7. A black fancy outfit can be a good choice for a wedding. similar paragraph about how AR is/can be used in this area.
8. I believe the internet influences human life in both positive and negative ways.
Introduce the topic: AR + chosen area
State your main idea: How AR is/can be used in this area
Suporting ideas (2 or 3): 1. _________________________________________________________
II. DISCUSSION, BRAINSTORMING AND WRITING 2. __________________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
Concluding sentence: _______________________________________________________________
2. AR is used in many sectors. Below are 8 of them. Study the notes for each of them. Working in groups, think of other
possible uses of AR in these fields or choose a different field and brainstorm the possible uses of AR in this field (for
III. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
example: treatment of psychological disorders).
4. Complete the sentences with have/ has and the correct form of the verbs in the box. There are TWO extra verbs.
1. Healthcare
visit leave produce display win arrive
-helps patients get better treatment
-doctors understand human anatomy better build travel read see speak send
-how a disease affects different parts of the body
2. Manufacturing 1. Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel has won the elections for the third time.
-improves speed and precision
-higher quality products 2. My wife has travelled to ten different countries.
-safer work environment
3. Education 3. He likes sci-fi movies. He has seen almost all the good ones.
-more effective learning through visuals
-learn more about the works of art in the museums 4. Only four private spaceflight companies have sent rockets into space.
4. Automotive
5. Hakan has visited Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare’s birthplace.
-design cars before building a prototype
-in the showrooms show the cars to the customers
6. Apple has built nineteen models of the iPHONE.
-safer driving
5. Military 7. China has produced the largest satellite in the world.
-helps give soldiers better training
-improves safety and speed of individual soldiers 8. Turkey has displayed the prototype of its first domestic car.
-maps to show friends and enemies in military operations
Unit -8
5. Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or Present Perfect tense. IV. VOCABULARY: COMPOUND NOUNS
1. Xiaomi has developed five new products and will announce them in 2021.
6. Study the words in the table below. Match the collocations on the right with the words on the left to make compound
2. Amazon started using drones in 2016 to carry small parcels in England. words.
3. Toyota has not stopped making cars in the US.

design
4. After Steve Jobs returned from India, he began to work with Steve Wozniak to design Apple I. marketing
5. Everybody knows computers have changed many things in our life. manufacturing
6. Last year, Volkswagen Group sold more cars in the world than other major car companies.
testing
7. Twenty years ago, Huawei did not have 180,000 employees in 70 countries. designer
8. Silicon Valley has become famous as the home of many high-tech companies. industry
1. business
model
9. Bayer has had a difficult time since it bought Monsanto in 2018.
photographer
10. Russia has not built a nuclear power plant in Turkey.
icon
hygiene
assistant
2. investment
fortune
responsibility
ethics
3. product
model
partner
people
trip
4. legal action
document
problem
5. fashion responsibility
advisor
banker
6. personal capital
projects
risks
Unit -1 Unit -2
Listening script Listening script
Emre: Hi Ceylan! Guess where I am! Today I will talk about animals and their main features.
What animals do you know?
Ceylan: Uuu İstanbul? -Cats and dogs
-Fox
Emre: Close but no (laughing) -Birds
- Lions and tigers
Ceylan: I need a clue. -Wolf
-Sheep and cow
Emre: I am in a rain forest. The city is in a rainforest. -Rabbit and mouse
Ceylan: Rize? Very good. Let’s now talk about the main features of some animals. For example, you said fox. What is special
about foxes?
Emre: Noo, not really. I am 9813 km. away from Ankara. - They are very clever.
Yes and they are very cunning. How about cats?
Ceylan: Oh my God. Los Angeles? - They have beautiful eyes, soft fur. They are usually quite friendly.
Yes. They also have very strong sense of smell. How about dogs?
Emre: Close but no. I am in Canada, Vancouver. - They are very friendly.
Yes and they are known for their fidelity. They have strong sense of smell just like cats. How about sheep and
Ceylan: Lovely! Tell me more about the city. cows?
Emre: It is a beautiful city. It is mostly rainy here because it is a rain forest. It is a very expensive city. -They are not very clever but they are very useful animals for us.
People and services are good. There are also lots of outdoor activities. Yes and they don’t eat meat. They are not wild. Do you know any wild animals?
-Wolves.
Ceylan: How long is the flight? -Tigers and lions.
Yes wolves, lions and tigers are wild animals. They run very fast and they eat meat.
Emre: 14 hours. It is a very long flight. But the plane is comfortable.
Ceylan: Woow! Anyway enjoy your holiday!
Emre: Thanks. See you!
Ceylan: See you.
ENVIRONMENT 104 ENVIRONMENT

Unit -3 Unit -4
Hello class!
Did you brush your teeth this morning? Jane: Good morning. Can I help you?
I want to see hands. Jim: Hi! I am looking for iPhone 11.
Good. Jane: Here they are. I can recommend iPhone 11 Pro.
Dental care is very important in our lives. What do we do for dental care? We brush our teeth in the morning and at Jim: How much is the standard 11?
night. Which tools do we use to brush our teeth? Tooth brush and tooth paste. Are these products safe? Are they Jane: 700 dollars.
economical? 7000 years ago, people used chewing sticks. In some African and Arab countries ‘miswak’ was used Jim: How much is the Pro ?
instead of today’s toothpaste and toothbrush. Miswak is an Arabic word. It means stick. Its length is about 18-20cm. It Jane: 1000 dollars.
prevents bacterial plaque. Miswak is safer and more economical than toothpaste and tooth brush. It costs less and it is a Jim: What colours do you have?
natural product. Jane: We have many colours. Red, black, white, purple and yellow. Which one do you prefer?
Jim: I want a yellow Pro please.
Jane: Oh I am afraid we don’t have any yellow Pro. We have yellow standard.
Jane: OK then. I want the standard yellow one.
T E C H N O LO G Y 106 T E C H N O LO G Y
Unit -5 Unit -6
Sinan was a chief architect of Ottoman period. He built over 400 buildings. Süleymaniye Mosque in İstanbul is
Hello friends!
his work of art. Selimiye Mosque in Edirne is also his work. Selimiye Mosque is his masterpiece. It reflects Otto-
Let’s talk about colours today. We see colours everywhere. They are in your baby’s eyes, they are in your garden, in the
ocean, in the rose, in the daisy, up in the sky, in the sun, in the rainbow. Everyone has a favourite colour. We relate different man style. It has a wide interior space. The lightning in interior space is also unique. The structure allows extra
colours with different things. Now, tell me any word when I say a colour. Right? daylight inside the building. The exterior view is outstanding. Sinan offers functional and aesthetic solutions for
Blue structural problems. This actually makes his art unique and innovative.
• sea His tomb is in Süleymaniye Mosque. Süleymaniye Mosque and Külliye has eight separate buildings. He is not
• sky
only the chief architect of Ottoman period but also the chief architect of the world. He is considered to be a
• ocean
• baby boys creative architectural genius.
Green
• garden
• grass
• eyes
• vegetables
Pink
• love
• youth
• girls
• daughter
Red
• energy
• roses
• apples
• strawberries
Orange
• joy
• happiness
• sun
Yellow
• sun
• hair
• lemon
Brown
• chocolate
• coffee
• mud
You see colours are here, there and everywhere. We use them to decorate our houses. Food and Car industry use colours to
attract attention. I love colours. Life is so beautiful with them. We need them in many areas. For example, we need them to
look better. We need them to create art work. We need them to become happy. Colours affect our mood. I can’t think about
life without colours.
A r t , D e s i g n , Ps y c h o l o g y
A r t , D e s i g n , Ps y c h o l o g y 108
Unit -7 Unit -8
Good afternoon everyone! Setting: Harvard Business School Conference Hall.

Today, I will talk about coffee.
As you know, coffee is one of the most popular drinks. The word coffee comes from the word ‘Keffa’. Keffa is a -Today, we are hosting a very important business man in our university. The founder and CEO of Yemek Sepeti.
zone in Eithopia. Coffee plant is found in tropical Africa- Sudan and Ethiopia. Today, Brazil is the largest coffee Welcome to our university Mr. Aydın.
producer country. Vietnam and Colombia are the second and third largest producers. There are two types of -Hello. It is my pleasure to be here.
coffee: Arabica and Robusta. - Mr. Aydın, I am the Director of Harvard Business School and we are using your success story in our classes.
What are the differences between Arabica and Robusta? - Oh. I am glad to hear this. It is a big honor for me. Which points are discussed in your classes?
First of all, Arabica has more caffeine than Robusta. - Your business plan, your investment strategies, the process of product development, the way you use data
Arabica is much more expensive than Robusta. base systems. We discuss all these. We took your success story as an example. We are using it as a case study.
Robusta is less sensitive to insects. - We also give importance to moral and legal issues. Those are a part of our success story.
Arabica beans are tastier and less circular than Robusta beans. -Oh, yes. We will also include those points in our discussions. Thank you Mr. Aydın for inspiring us.
75% of world coffee production is Arabica. -My pleasure.
Who invented coffee, and how was it invented?
The energy-giving effect of coffee was first discovered by an Eithopian goat farmer Kaldi.
Drinking coffee was first invented by Sufis in 15th Century, in Yemen.
Ottoman Turks opened the first coffee shop Kiva Han, in Costantinople in 1475. The sultans of Ottoman Empire
had coffee master in the palace. Turks invented a new brewing method and made coffee in copper pots. This is
called Turkish Coffee.
B u s i n e s s , E n t ro p re n e u r s h i p , I n n o v a t i o n 110 B u s i n e s s , E n t ro p re n e u r s h i p , I n n o v a t i o n
Unit -1
LANGUO
ELEMENTARY Student’s Book
A1
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris in nisi libero. Nulla
auctor, enim ultrices molestie tristique, felis mauris pharetra risus, id euismod lectus
lectus non lorem. Donec ac fermentum nunc, nec rhoncus nisl. Mauris ultrices dui erat,
sed lacinia tortor tincidunt at.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Mauris in nisi libero. Nulla adipiscing elit. Mauris in nisi libero. Nulla
auctor, enim ultrices molestie tristique, auctor, enim ultrices molestie tristique, felis
felis mauris pharetra risus, id euismod mauris pharetra risus, id euismod lectus
lectus lectus non lorem. Donec ac fermen - lectus non lorem. Donec ac fermentum
tum nunc, nec rhoncus nisl. Mauris ultrices nunc, nec rhoncus nisl. Mauris ultrices dui
dui erat, sed lacinia tortor tincidunt at. erat, sed lacinia tortor tincidunt at. Donec
Donec vulputate tortor ut ornare pharetra. vulputate tortor ut ornare pharetra. In tinci -
In tincidunt, arcu id iaculis faucibus, massa dunt, arcu id iaculis faucibus, massa nunc
nunc consectetur lectus, ac ultricies ipsum consectetur lectus, ac ultricies ipsum purus
purus a ligula. Duis ultrices arcu lorem, sed a ligula. Duis ultrices arcu lorem, sed sceler -
scelerisque diam ullamcorper at. isque diam ullamcorper at.
COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK A1 A2 B1 B1+ B2 C1
T 0 312 386 10 92
F 0 312 354 39 93
M info@ ostimteknik .edu .tr
OS Teknik Üni versitesi W www.ostimteknik .edu .tr
OS 6374 / ostimteknik
Anka ra
ENVIRONMENT 112

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Interior Design: Koray Solak

ISBN OSTİM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Printed in Ankara- Turkey.

Printed by Flying Goose

Environment • Question words

Technology • Question words (How much, How many)

Languo A1 Coursebook: Elementary Level

Languo A2 Coursebook: Pre-Intermediate Level

Languo B1 Coursebook: Intermediate Level

Languo B2 Coursebook: Upper-Intermediate Level

• Identifying key information in a reading text

• Writing sentences/ paragraph to describe places (guided writing)

Using simple phrases/sentences to describe things.

1A Animals Are Lovely 1. How old is Mary? She is 15 years old.

They (parag.1) refers to:

3. Match the words with the definitions below: My parents

He (parag. 2) refers to:

A: Hello, my name is Beren.

8. Imagine you are at an airport. Complete the conversation with the

I am Turkish She is Turkish

1. That car over there is mine.

IV. SUBJECT/OBJECT PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS

Subject Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Possessive Adjs. Object Pronouns

He his his him

She hers her her

You yours your you

Countable nouns have singular (one) and plural (more than

What Thing We use imperatives to tell someone to do sth.

15. Translate the following questions into your own

1. What do you prefer? Neyi tercih edersin?

(+) (-) (?)

5. There is a ball between two boxes.

4. Supi and GinGin have got soft fur.

3. Now answer the questions below using your notes.

Tenth: 10th 1. Where is Emre?

8. Write the correct ordinal number next to each word.

he her my his their his our we them

we love them (7).

9. Write your personal description in the space below.

b. Where you are from

d. Your interests/ hobbies

e. Your family members

• Countable, uncountable nouns

• Identifying key information in a reading text

Writing simple sentences

Simple communication (imaginary setting)

Below is a story from Nasreddin Hodja with his witty reply:

Neighbour- “What are you doing there?”

Grammar Reference: 4. Make sentences with the words below.

2A Nasreddin Hodja I. COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 1. (Honest) _______________________________

7. ___________________________________________ People in general

12. ___________________________________________ h. Tiger J

3. Write a short dialogue between Nasreddin Hodja

Any ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - Nodja: ____________________________________

A lot of, much, many and any are - Neighbor: _________________________________

Many ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - Neighbor: _________________________________

We use degree adverbs before adjectives or adverbs.

Nasreddin Hodja and the Donkey