Learning Objectives Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics

CHEM 1412 (Brown, LeMay, and Bursten)

14.1 Factors that Affect Reaction Rates

14.1a Explain the four factors that affect reaction rates in chemical reactions.

14.2 Reaction Rates

14.2a Calculate the reaction rates from time and concentration data.

14.3 Concentration and Rate

14.3a Determine the reaction orders and the overall reaction order in a rate law. 14.3b Determine the units of the rate constant based on the overall reaction order. 14.3c Derive the rate law for a reaction given the experimental rate data. (Sample Exercise 14.6) 14.3d Calculate the rate constant from the rate law and the experimental data. (Sample Exercise 14.6)

14.4 The Change of Concentration with Time

14.4a Determine time or concentration for both the first-order and second-order reactions using the integrated rate law and appropriate information,. 14.4b Distinguish between a first-order and a second-order reaction from graphed data; know what the slope represents. 14.4c Calculate the half life for first-order or second-order reactions.

14.5 Temperature and Rate

14.5a Explain the collision theory. 14.5b Calculate the rate constant at different temperatures using equation 14.21

14.6 Reaction Mechanisms

14.6a Determine the rate law for a reaction when the rate of the first elementary step is the slowest in the multi-step mechanism. 14.6b Determine the rate law for a reaction when the rate of the first elementary step is NOT the slowest in the multi-step mechanism.

14.7 Catalysis
14.7a Describe the effect of a catalyst on the energy activation, Ea, for a reaction. Factors affecting reaction rates Kinetics-rate at which chemical reaction occurs a.reaction mechanism(how the reaction occurs) b. more homogenous the mixture of reactants, faster the molecules can react. c.reactant molecules increase, likelihood of reactant collide will increase. d.temp high, reactant mols have+kinetic energy, faster movement, & collide + often & with greater amount of energy. f. catalysts, speed up reactions, changing mechanism -not consumed in reaction.

g. rates of reaction, be determined, by the amounts of concentration change of either reactants or products as a function of time. -average rate of concentration /time: Average rate= the Change in concentration of compound change in time ***fewer reactant molecules as average rate decrease per time. -slope of line tangent to the curve=instantaneous rate at that time. ***as the reaction rate slows down, best estimate of reaction rate is the near the beginning. Generalization; For every subscript, there lies the number. aA + bBcC + dD rate= -1/a (change [A]/change t)= -1/b (change [B}/change t) so on **rate of concentration= rate changes in concentration *** Concentration of compound doubles [X]=initial rate doubles! Rate == [A] [B] <- concentration of reactant Rate law Rate= k (rate constant) [A] [B] -concentration of reactants & reaction rate -exponents =order of reaction with respect of each reactant -the way to tell overall order= add each exponent on the reactants