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GIỚI TỪ (P1)
I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian
a. at / on
 at dawn: vào lúc bình minh, at mid night: vào lúc nửa đêm
at 6 o'clock : vào lúc 6 giờ, at (the age of ) 16: ở tuổi 16
 on + date: e.g, on Monday, on June 1st, on Monday morning, on Christmas Day, on the
morning of the sixth (vào buổi sáng ngày mồng 6)
b. by / before
by / before + Mốc thời gian trong quá khứ →Mệnh đề chính chia quá khứ hoàn thành
by / before + Mốc trong tương lai / Thì hiện tại chỉ tương lai →Mệnh đề chính chia tương lai hoàn
thành
by the time + Clause
- By the time I came home yesterday, the party had finished.
- By the time I am 40, I'll have lost all my hair.
- By 2030, ...................
- By the end of July, I will have finished the course.
before + V-ing
Before signing the contract, .......................
Some where before: ở đâu đó trước đây, some time before: một lúc nào đó trước đây
I remember seeing him some where before.
c. on time / in time / in good time
on time: đúng giờ ; in time: kịp lúc ; in good time:
I arrived at the hall in good time for the concert. (Tôi đến kịp giờ (sớm hơn một chút) buổi hòa nhạc.)
d. at the beginning (of) sth / at the end (of) sth
In the beginning, / At first, / Firstly,
In the end, / At last / Finally,
- At the beginning of the book, there is often a table of content.
- At the end there may be an index.
- In the beginning / At first / Firstly, we used hand tools. Later, we used machines.
- At first, he opposed the marriage, but in the end, he gave his consent.
e. from ... to / till / until
- Where are you from?
- Where do you come from?
f. since / for / during
 since + mốc thời gian / mệnh đề trong quá khứ: kể từ khi
I have studied since July. I have studied for 6 months.
 since = for: bởi vì
 Mệnh đề hoặc mốc thời gian sau “since” có thể được bỏ đi khi nó đã được nhắc đến trước đó.
Ví dụ: He left school in 1999. I haven't seen him since.
 for + period of time
- Last night, I slept for 3 hours.
- Ha has slept for 3 hours.
 During + danh từ / cụm danh từ (During không đi với mệnh đề)

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Ví dụ: during the Middle Ages (trong suốt thời trung cổ), during 1905, during the summer (trong suốt
mùa hè), during my childhood (trong suốt thời thơ ấu), during the night / all night …
 “for” còn có nghĩa là cho, ví dụ:
- I bought a book for Tom.
- I went there for my summer holiday.
- ask for: yêu cầu cho
g. till / until + Mốc thời gian / Mệnh đề
- I will wait here until 2 PM.
- I will wait here until he comes back.
- I won't leave until he comes back.
- He usually pays me on Friday but last week he didn't pay me until the following Monday.
after / afterwards + Mốc thời gian / Mệnh đề
I called him and then / afterwards I came to visit him. (Tôi đã gọi điện cho anh ta và sau đó tôi đến
thăm anh ta.)
I called him and I came to visit him afterwards.
not long afterwards (không lâu sau đó ) / soon afterwards (ngay sau đó)
I called him and not long afterwards I came to visit him.

2. Một số giới từ liên quan đến chuyển động

 back to
When are you coming back to Ho Chi Minh city?
 arrive in + tên thị xã , tên nước
arrive in Vietnam, Hanoi
 arrive at + tên làng, nhà hàng, khác sạn
arrive at + the airport / the cross roads / the hotel
 come / get to: đến một địa điểm nào đó
 reach + địa điểm (không có giới từ đi kèm)
They got to the top of the mountain before sunset. →They reached the top of the mountain before
sunset.
 return to
Đi bằng các phương tiện vận chuyển dùng giới từ by: by bike, by bus, by plane, by helicopter, by sea,
by air....
 Đi bộ : on foot
 Dùng “in” khi có sở hữu cách: I went there in Tom's car. (Tôi đi đến đó bằng xe của Tom.)
 get on / get off: lên xe, xuống xe. Ví dụ: get on/ get off the train
 get into / come into: vào bên trong các tòa nhà
 get out of:
I tried to get out of the car before it exploded.
 walk along : đi dọc theo
 turn left / right: rẽ trái, phải
 walk pass the church: đi bộ quá nhà thờ
 down the street: cuối con đường
You will see the bank down the street. (Bạn sẽ thấy ngân hàng đó ở cuối con đường.)
 opposite: đối diện; in front of: trước; behind : sau
- There is a tree in front of the house.
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- There is a bank opposite my house.

- There is a lake behind my house.

II. Bài về nhà

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Use at on or in + the following:
the evening about 20 minutes 1492 the same time
the moment 21 July 1969 the 1920s night
Saturdays the Middle Ages 11 seconds
1 Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America ……..
2 If the sky is clear, you can see the stars ……………………………………………………………..
3 After working hard during the day, I like to relax …………………………………………………..
4 Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon …………………………………………….
5 It's difficult to listen if everyone is speaking ……………………………………..............................
6 Jazz became popular in the United States ……………………………………..................................
7 I'm just going out to the shop. I'll be back ……………………………………..................................
8 (on the phone) 'Can I speak to Dan?' “I'm afraid he's not here……………………………………”
9 Many of Europe's great cathedrals were built ……………………………………............................
10 Ben is a very fast runner. He can run 100 metres …………………………………….....................
11 Liz works from Monday to Friday. Sometimes she also works …………………………………...

Exercise 2. Put in at, on or in.

1 Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.
2 I haven't seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her ………. Tuesday.
3 The price of electricity is going up ……….. October.
4 ……………….. weekends, we often go for long walks in the country.
5 I've been invited to a wedding …………. 14 February.
6 Jonathan is 63. He'll be retiring from his job ………… two years' time.
7 I'm busy just now, but I'll be with you ………… a moment.
8 Jenny's brother is an engineer, but he doesn't have a job …………. the moment.
9 There are usually a lot of parties ………. New Year's Eve.
10 I don't like driving …… night.
11 My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ……… two hours.
12 The telephone and the doorbell rang ………. the same time.
13 Mary and David always go out for dinner ……… their wedding anniversary.
14 It was a short book and easy to read. I read it ……… a day.
15 ……… Saturday night I went to bed ……… midnight
16 We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived …….. 5 o'clock ………. the morning.
17 The course begins ……… 7 January and ends sometime …….. April.
18 I might not be at home ………. Tuesday morning, but I'll he there ……… the afternoon.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with on time or in time.

1. The bus was late this morning, but it's usually ………….
2 The film was supposed to start at 8.30, but it didn't begin ……….
3 I like to get up ….. to have a big breakfast before going to work.
4 We want to start the meeting ……… , so please don't be late.
5 I've just washed this shirt. I want to wear it this evening, so I hope it will be dry ………….

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6 The train service isn't very good. The trains are rarely …….
7 I nearly missed my flight this morning. I got to the airport just ……
8 I nearly forgot that it was Joe's birthday. Fortunately I remembered …….
9 Why are you never ……. ? You always keep everybody waiting.

Exercise 4. Put in at or in.

1 I'm going away …… the end of the month.
2 It took me a long time to find a job. ………the end I got a job in a hotel.
3 Are you going away ….. the beginning of August or …… the end?
4 I couldn't decide what to buy Laura for her birthday. I didn't buy her anything ….. the end.
5 We waited ages for a taxi. We gave up …. the end and walked home.
6 I'll be moving to a new address …… the end of September.
7 We had a few problems at first, but ........... the end everything was OK.
8 I'm going away ……. the end of this week.
9 A: I didn't know what to do.
B: Yes, you were in a difficult position. What did you do ….. the end?

Exercise 5. Put in for or during.

1 It rained …. three days without stopping.
2 I fell asleep …. the film.
3 I went to the theatre last night. I met Sue ….. the interval.
4 Martin hasn't lived in Britain all his life. He lived in Brazil ….. four years.
5 Production at the factory was seriously affected ….. the strike.
6 I felt really ill last week. I could hardly eat anything …. three days.
7 I waited for you …. half an hour and decided that you weren't coming.
8 Sarah was very angry with me. She didn't speak to me …. a week.
9 We usually go out at weekends, but we don't often go out …. the week.
10 Jack started a new job a few weeks ago. Before that he was out of work …. six months.
11 I need a change. I think I'll go away …. a few days.
12 The president gave a long speech. She spoke …. two hours.
13 We were hungry when we arrived. We hadn't had anything to eat …. the journey.
14 We were hungry when we arrived We hadn't had anything to eat …. eight hours.

Exercise 6. Put in during or while.

1 We met a lot of interesting people ….. we were on holiday.
2 We met a lot of interesting people …. our holiday.
3 I met Mike …. I was shopping.
4 …… I was on holiday, I didn't read any newspapers or watch TV.
5 …… our stay in Paris, we visited a lot of museums and galleries.
6 The phone rang three times …. we were having dinner.
7 The phone rang three times ….. the night.
8 I had been away for many years. …… that time, many things had changed.
9 What did they say about me ….. I was out of the room?
10 I went out for dinner last night. Unfortunately I began to feel ill …. the meal and had to go home.
11 Please don't interrupt me …. I'm speaking.
12 There were many interruptions …. the president's speech.
13 Can you lay the table …. I get the dinner ready?
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14 We were hungry when we arrived. We hadn't had anything to eat …. we were travelling.

KEY
Exercise 1.
1. in 1492 2. at night 3. in the evening 4. on 21 July 1969
5. at the same time 6. in the 1920s 7. in about 20 minutes 8. at the moment
9. in the Middle Ages 10. in 11 seconds 11. (on) Saturdays
Exercise 2.
2. on 3. in 4. At 5. on 6. in 7. in 8. at
9. on 10. at 11. in 12. at 13. on 14. in 15. on, at
16. at, in 17. on, in 18. on, in
Exercise 3.
1. on time 2. on time 3. in time 4. on time 5. in time
6. on time 7. in time 8. in time 9. ontime
Exercise 4.
1. at 2. In 3. at…at 4. in 5. in 6. at 7. in 8. at 9. in
Exercise 5.
1. for 2. during 3. during 4. for 5. during 6. for 7. for 8. for
9. during 10. for 11. for 12. for 13. during 14. for
Exercise 6.
1. while 2. during 3. while 4. While 5. During 6. while 7. during
8. During 9. while 10. during 11. while 12. during 13. while 14. while

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