As a type of discourse, media discourse refers to interactions that take place through a delivery

platform, whether spoken or written, in which the discourse is directed towards a non-present
reader, listener or viewer. A few precise norms are established political, educational, religious or
scientific signs in the scene of society and according to Charaudeau (Burger et al., 2009: 48-49

Discourse analysis was developed especially in the 1970s as an academic field. It is a broad term to
study the ways in which language is used between people, both in written texts and spoken contexts.
In discourse analysis, the context of a conversation is taken into account as well as what is being said.
This context can encompass a social and cultural setting, including a speaker's location at the time of
speech, as well as non-verbal cues such as body language, and, in the case of textual communication,
it can also include pictures and symbols

The classification of strategies made by Kintsch and van Dijk can be distinguished into seven
headings: First, “ cultural strategies ” (ibid.:80), (these call on the cultural competence of the
speakers/interlocutors, the context and the understanding specific to a discourse), secondly, " social
strategies " (ibid.:80), (these strategies contain information on the general social structure of a
group, on the institutions, roles or functions of the participants or on the genres of discourse of
institutions or occasions, moreover, all these conditions are linked to social norms, values or
ideologies), and the third title the " interactional strategies " (ibid.:83) (more deeply than the
previous ones, these strategies take place in order to affect other verbal or non-verbal actions or
even the conditions of actions, such as the listener's knowledge, beliefs, opinions or motivations), the
fourth title is that of " strategies pragmatists ” (ibid. :84), (encompassing speech acts, these types of
strategies include promises, threats, and congratulations as well as social actions, performed by
language users), fifth, are “semantic strategies” ( ibid . .:88), (these contain the global or local
comprehension of the discourse in a broad dimension), the sixth title corresponds to the “ schematic
strategies ” (ibid.:91), (from these types of strategies, one understands that a discourse also presents
other types of conventional structures and each discourse has a different categorization in the
consciousness of each person), the seventh and last title concerns "stylistic and rhetorical strategies "
(ibid.:92), ( under the style of a speech we understand the specific variation of grammatical rules or
devices as well as other schematic and rhetorical variations that characterize the speech or its
context).

In the Dictionary of Discourse Analysis, we encounter the notion of the speech act thanks to which
the strategies are put into practice in its action of the language. Therefore, we observe various issues
determining the linguistic position of the subjects. Here, about discursive strategies, Charaudeau
(2002:549), proposes dividing the issues into a few titles as "an issue of legitimation" (legitimation
strategy) which aims to determine the subject's position of authority, " an issue of credibility"
(credibility strategy) which aims to determine the position of truth of the subject and also "an issue
of capture" ( strategy of capture) which aims to bring the partner of the communicative exchange
into the framework of the thinking of the speaking subject

In her article, “ Discursive and communicational strategies of persuasion in journalistic opinion

genres: the case of film critics ”10, Dominika Topa-Bryniarska, treats discursive strategies by dividing
them as follows: “definitional strategies”, “ quantitative strategies”, “associative strategies” based on
the theories of certain linguists such as Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Grize, Moirand and Charaudeau etc. We
will summarize these three types of strategies in a few sentences

Definitional strategies: having the value of persuasion and manipulation of the speaker's thoughts,
these strategies aim to define the objects of discourse. This carries out the evaluation of information
as indicated by Moirand (2010:52), “to give a point of view, to take a position on the object by
choosing to designate it or to characterize it in a certain way, according to the perception that we
have of it”.

Quantitative strategies: quantifiers relating to genders such as all, everybody, everyone etc. and
statistical data or pronouns like we and we can all fit into this tactic of persuading. Grize (2004:42)11,
defines this organization in the argument as “what amounts to highlighting some of their facets and
concealing others [...]”. With these strategies, the speaker directs his thoughts towards public
opinion

Associative strategies: associative strategies call upon the definition of “cultural competences” of
Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1997:17-18) which indicates that “in the two spheres of the transmitter12 and
the receiver13, we integrate alongside the competences strictly linguistic. She defines “the cultural
(or “encyclopaedic” as a set of implicit knowledge they possess about the world) and ideological (set
of systems for interpreting and evaluating the referential universe) skills that go hand in hand with
linguistic competence. relations as close as they are obscure, and whose specificity further
accentuates the differences