Dr.

Fayyaz Ahmed
Lecturer
Department of Statistics, UOG
Course code: STAT-306 Week :1
Course Title: Design and Analysis of Experiment-II
Topic: Factorial Experiments
2 factorial experiment:
2

Here we have 2 factors (A, B) each at two levels (low and high). So that we have
(1, a, b, ab)
Treatment combinations:
1 OR a 0 b 0………………..…..Factors A and B both at low level
a OR a 1 b 0……………..……..Factors A at high level and B at low level
b OR a 0 b 1……………..……..Factors A at low level and B at high level
ab OR a 1 b1…………………..Factors A and B both at high level
B
A b0 b1
a0 a0b0 a0b1
a1 a1b0 a 1 b1

A,B are Factors A=Nitrogen(level),B=Water(level)

a 0 b 0 ,a 0 b 1 , a 1 b 0 , a1 b1 are treatment combination
Note:
On normal, One-way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA no levels are used.
Main effect and interaction effects:
Let [1], [a], [b], [ab] are the total yields of treatment combinations 1, a, b, ab
respectively. Let ‘r’ units receiving these treatments. Now mean yields of ( a 0 b 0)
are:
[1 ] [ a] [ b] [ ab ]
(1)= , (a)= ,(b)= , (ab)=
r r r r
Main effect of factor A is
1
A= 2 ( a−b)( b+1)

Main effect of factor B is

1
B= 2 ( a+1)(b−1)

Interaction effect of factor AB is

1
AB= 2 ( a−1)(b−1)

Suppose:
1 OR a 0 b 0………………..……….5
a OR a 1 b 0……………..……….....5→ r times(Suppose 5 times repetition apply)
b OR a 0 b 1……………..………….5
ab OR a 1 b1 ……………………….5
Yates method of computing factorial effects total:
Treatment Total yield from Simple effect Main effect on yield
combination all repetition(r)
1 [1] [1]+[a] [1]+[a]+[b]+[ab] →[1]
a [a] [a]-[1] [a]-[1]+[ab]-[b] →[A]
b [b] [b]+[ab] [b]+[ab]- [1]-[a] →[B]
ab [ab] [ab]-[b] [ab]-[b]- [a]+[1] →[AB]

Statistical Analysis of 22factorial experiment:

 Factorial experiments are conducted neither in CRD, RBD, LSD
 We need [A], [B], [AB]
 SUM of Squares:
2
[A]
S.S due to A= = S2.A
4r
2
[B ]
S.S due to B= = S2.B
4r
 2
[ AB]
S.S due to AB= = S2.AB
4r

ANOVA table for22experiment in RBD:

Sources Degree Of Sum Of Mean Sum Of F-Ratio
Freedom square square
Blocks r-1 S .R
2
S2. R MSSR
FR=
r−1 MSSE
A 2-1=1 S .A
2
S2 . A MSSA
F A=
1 MSSE
B 2-1=1 S .B
2
S2. B MSSB
F B=
1 MSSE
AB (2-1)(2-1)=1 S .AB
2 2
S . AB MSSAB
F AB=
1 MSSE
Error 3(r-1) S .E
2 2
S .E
3(r −1)
Total 4r-1

Example:
Two factors:
i. Irrigation(I)→2 Levels : I ° and I 1
ii. Nitrogen(N)→3 Levels : N ° , N 1 and N 2

We need two RBD

N° N1 N2
N° N1 N2
N2 N° N1
N2 N° N1 I°
N1 N2 N°
N1 N2 N°

is constant I 1is constant

I° N° I ° N1 I°N 2 I1 N° I 1 N1 I1 N2

I°N 2 I ° N° I ° N1 I1 N2 I1 N° I1 N1

I ° N1 I°N 2 I ° N° I1 N1 I 1 N2 I1 N°

Suppose r=3
 Total values=r*N*I
=3*3*2
=18 plots
Example:
An experiment laid out the block design to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphate
and potash (each at 2 levels) on the yield of potato.
Solution:
Nitrogen(N)→2 Levels : N ° and N 1
Phosphate(P)→ 2 Levels : P° and P1
Potash(K)→2 Levels : K ° and K 1
Block 1
npk n 1 np k p pk nk
13 10 8 16 10 11 11 13

n k 1 npk np nk p pk
12 13 7 9 11 13 10 16
Block 2

Block 3
npk 1 n p k pk nk Np
15 17 14 11 13 12 16 13

pk np 1 nk p n k npk
15 11 9 12 11 13 17 16
Block 4
RCBD:
R1 R2 R3 R4
Treatment Total
s
N ° P° K ° T1
1 8 7 7 9 31
N1 P° K° T2
n 10 12 14 13 49
N ° P1 K ° T3
p 11 10 11 11 43
N1 P1 K° T4
np 16 11 13 11 51
N ° P° K 1 T5
k 10 13 13 17 53
N1 P° K1 T6
nk 13 13 16 12 54
N ° P1 K 1 T7
pk 11 11 12 15 54
N1 P1 K1 T8
npk 13 9 15 16 53
Total 92 91 101 104 388

( G. T )2
C.F= n
2
(388) (388)2
= 23∗r = 8∗r

r=4
(388)2 (388)2
= 8∗r =¿
8∗4
=4704.5
TSS= Σ X −C . F 2

=[ 8 +7 + …+16 ]−C . F=219.5

2 2 2

Σ R2
RSS= 23 −C . F
[ 922+ 912+ 1012+104 2 ]
= 8
−C . F=15. 75

Total 1st column 2nd 3rd S.S

 column column
1 31 80 174 388 (388)2
=4704.5
32
n 49 94 214 26 (2 6)
2
=21.125
32
p 43 107 26 14 (14)
2
=6.125
32
np 51 107 0 -12 (12)
2
=4.5
32
k 53 18 14 40 ( 40)
2
=50
32
nk 54 8 0 -26 (26)
2
=21.125
32
pk 54 1 -10 -14 (14)
2
=6.125
32
npk 53 -1 -2 8 (8)
2
=2
32

ANOVA Table (2 )3

Source of Degree of Sum of Mean Sum F-cal F-tab

Variation freedom Square of Square
Blocks 4-1=3 15.75 5.25 1.18 4.07*
n 2-1=1 21.125 21.125 4.78 4.325*
p 2-1=1 6.125 6.125 1.38 4.325
k 2-1=1 50.0 50 11.31 4.325*
np 1*1=1 4.5 4.5 1.01 4.325
nk 1*1=1 21.125 21.125 4.78 4.325*
pk 1*1=1 6.125 6.125 1.38 4.325
npk 1*1*1=1 2.0 2.0 0.45 4.325
Errors 31-10=21 92.75 4.417
Total 32-1=31 219.5