A COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT FACILITY FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM

ILLEGAL DRUG DEPENDENCY

A Thesis presented to the……

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

By:

Leonud, Gestetner M.

Ramiscal, Timothy James

March 2023
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Science and art coexist in architecture. According to Martha Thorne, this field

incorporates psychology, sociology, economics, politics, and much more. The world's

issues may not all be resolved by architecture, but it can give people a peaceful

environment to think, make decisions, and live their lives. Every great architecture

entails building spaces that include comforts, exalts, or stimulate the people in those

spaces, according to architect Philip Johnson. An individual's recovery can be

impacted by architectural crafts, especially for those who battle drug addiction. This

medical center's design promotes healing by giving patients a secure recovery

setting.

Drug dependence is a state of psychological or physical dependence, or both,

on a drug occurring in a person following the administration of that drug on a periodic

or continuous basis by the WHO Experts Committee on Addiction-Producing Drugs

in 1962. Adolescents as young as 16 years old consume alcohol, according to Capili

et al. (2020), "Assessment of Common Health and Social Issues of Residents in the

Core Shelters of Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines." Due to the city's

aggressive anti-illegal drug strategy, several drug users were reportedly charged with

drug possession and rape in November 2022.

A Comprehensive Treatment Center, or CTC, is a medical facility that

provides care for people with alcoholism, drug addiction, mental illness, and other

addictions. The setting and location of the facility have a significant impact on how
people feel and think. Therefore, the researchers want to establish a Comprehensive

Treatment Center meant to be engaging, friendly, secure, and accessible to all. The

area's layout, design, and furnishings are all meant to inspire and motivate healing

patients.
Review of Related Literature

Architecture and Correctional Services: A Facilities Approach to Treatment

According to St. John et al. (2019), Facilities are important aspects of rehabilitative

treatment. To fully understand the impact of a facility on the effectiveness of treatment, the

direct perspectives of service providers are critical. We examine four autoethnographic

accounts from correctional service providers to determine the role of the facility in their

provision of care and organize these into considerations of three central aspects of

correctional architecture—space, layout, and setting (SLS)—which play an important role in

the efficacy of rehabilitative services. We conclude by proposing how research may advance

in this area, especially through the use of practitioner accounts.

Architectural attributes which effect on rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile

correctional facilities

According to Abeywardane et al. (2021), The process of reintegrating juvenile

delinquents to society from correctional facilities is as important as the process of

rehabilitation. If the rehabilitation process is not conducted properly it would rather be difficult

to control the reconvicted /recidivism rates. Hence the correctional methods must adhere to

certain attributes relating to the rehabilitation process, one key aspect being the built

environment of the correctional facilities. Humans by nature have an undeniable connection

with their environment through physical, mental, emotional and spiritual means. This

connection is what helps keep a balance within ourselves. Most of the time, unlike adults’

juvenile delinquents commit crimes without their consent. It is paramount that this is

understood and they are attended with the required special attention in the rehabilitation

process. At the stage of admission to the correctional facilities, these youngsters are more

likely to be in a very weak state of mind, with the need of protection, self-value, freedom and

to obtain the sense of belonging in the society as they are reintroduced. This requires
improvement of interpersonal and intrapersonal skills before leaving the correctional facility

to avoid the reconviction /recidivism. The rehabilitation process influenced via architectural

attributes followed by this research would be to understand level of lighting, usage of

colours, enclosure of the space, outdoor-indoor relationships, level of privacy, architectural

character of space and semiotics would lead to proper reintegration to the society.

Significance of Daylighting for Drug Addicts in Rehabilitations Centre

According to Bano et al. (2020) . Light is necessary for vision and enables us to

sense or perceive our surroundings, in many direct and indirect ways, affecting our

physiological and physical health. This study specifies the relationship between daylight and

human behavior. Light effect on human health and performance by allowing visual tasks,

body control, mood and perception, and critical chemical responses in the body. It also

impacts outcomes in healthcare settings by reducing depression among patients, decreasing

the length of stay in rehabilitation. Daylight appears to be one of the sensual and visual

components for the health and wellbeing of patients in the rehabilitation centre and other

health care settings. The aim of this paper is to establish the significance of daylighting for

drug addict patient well being and healing environment in Rehab and investigate the

methods for incorporating daylight in it. The literature study helps to find out the better

solution and techniques to bring daylight inside the building and building codes specify the

recommended average illuminance levels required in a space; according to the type of

function that particular space hosts. On the other hand, the survey of some selected

rehabilitation centre reveals that although average illumination levels are within the

recommended range, the actual level of illumination at an individual position in the observed

space is too high or too low, i.e. there is a large variation in the distribution of lighting in the

space. This distribution of light is the outcome of several architectural parameters that can

be controlled by an architect at the initial design stage. Accordingly, design guidelines for

Rehabilitation centres for drug addict patients, based on the analysis of findings form the
survey and literature review, have been framed to incorporate daylight in the interior spaces

considering patients' wellbeing and healing environment.

Application of Therapeutic Architectural Principles in the Design of Drug

Rehabilitation Centre for Nigeria

According to Aliyu et al. (2022), In order to achieve lifetime abstinence from illicit

drugs and psychoactive substances, drug de-addiction and rehabilitation now endeavours to

provide emotional support along with medical care, rather than aiming at removal of physical

dependence on drugs only. When a drug addict is released from a Detention Camp, he/she

is reintegrated back to the society as liability with high temptation to relapse, due to the

ineffectiveness of the detention strategy and gross inadequacy of drug treatment and

rehabilitation services in Nigeria, as Programs like Detoxification, Psychotherapy and

Meditation are absent. The purpose of this study therefore is to explore the principles of

therapeutic architecture towards designing a therapeutic environment, with a view to support

the new treatment trend for drug addicts and thugs in Bauchi state- Nigeria. The method

applied in this study is basically qualitative, using the Multiple Case Study approach. Cross

Case Analysis was used to analyse the data collected. This study identified 12 principles of

Therapeutic Architecture and was able to determine the best mode of application for the

design of the Rehabilitation Centre. The findings of this study showcase Architecture in

aiding therapy for drug addicts and thugs, by creating a therapeutic environment that

addresses the problem of relapse and inadequacy of the treatment facility in the study area,

which ensures reintegration of addicts back to the society within the shortest possible time

with minimal professional intervention.