Methods and Work Measurement

Engr. Kathleen N. Macapagal, MTM, RPT, CLSSGB

Department of Industrial Engineering
 Course Outline
• Objective : To give general understanding on
work measurement concept, methods and the
application for work system design (technology,
psychology, work physiology)

• Teaching Methodology: Lecture, Group

Presentation, Homework and Exams

• Evaluation:
- Activity Outputs 35%
- Exams 35%
- Assign/Project 15%
- Attendance 15%
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 Text Books
SUGGESTED:
• Barnes, R. Motion and Time Study. John Wiley & Sons.
1988.
• Wignjosoebroto, Sritomo. Ergonomi Studi Gerak dan
Waktu. Guna Widya. 2000.
• Niebel, B.W. Motion and Time Study. IRWIN.1988
• Meyers, F.E. Motion and Time Study for Lean
Manufacturing. Prentice Hall. 1999
MAIN REFERENCE:
• Kanawaty, George. Introduction to Work Study, ILO 4th
Edition

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Methods and Work Measurement

Lecture 1 :
Introduction to Motion and Time Study and
Measurement of Work
Historical Development

Industrial Revolution

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 Historical Development

Frank (1868-1924) F.W Taylor

Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) (1856-1915)

Known as a father of
Known as a parents of
scientific management, IE,
motion study
and Time Study 6
 Historical Development
He is known as the father of scientific
management and industrial
engineering. He is the first person to
use stopwatch to study work content
hence he is generally conceded to be
the founder of modern ‘Time Study’,
which he started to develop in 1881.

F.W Taylor
(1856-1915)

Known as a father of
scientific management, IE,
and Time Study 7
 Historical Development
They began to develop ‘Motion Study’, in
1885. However, time studies were
conducted in Europe many years before
Taylor’s time.

1760 – Jean Rodolphe Perronet, a

French engineer made an extensive time
studies in manufacturing.

60 years later – Charles W. Babbage, an

Frank (1868-1924)
Lilian Gilbreth (1878-1972) English economist, again conducted time
study in manufacturing.

Known as a parents of
motion study
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Therbligs

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Therbligs

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Classification of Therbligs

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 Historical Development
Walter of Henley (13th Century): Henley was the first practitioner
of Work Study. He was an English farmer who studied about
farming methods and how to improve them. He wrote a letter to his
son describing how to improve farming methods.

Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519): work study practices

Jean Rodolphe Perronet, a French engineer made an extensive

time studies in manufacturing in 1760;

Charles W. Babbage (1791 – 1832): An English economist who

conducted time study in manufacturing 60 years after Taylor;

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 Historical Development
Henry Laurence Gantt (1861 – 1919): He is the assistant of
Taylor; Gantt Chart; Incentive Payment; Humanist policies for
employees

Harrington Emerson (1853 – 1931): He studied subject of

productivity and wages;

Ralph M. Barnes (1900 – 1984): The first professor who studied

work measurement;

Marvin E. Mundel (1916 – 1996): Work measurement; to simplify

the tools;

Boulton & Sons (1800): work study practices

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Historical Development : Present…

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 Introduction
• Method study or Motion study is one of principal
techniques by which work content in the product
manufacture or process could be decreased.
• It is a systematic method of investigating and
critically examining the existing methods, to develop
the improved ones.
• Method study is, then, a technique to reduce the
work content mainly by eliminating unnecessary
movements by workers and/or materials and/or
equipments.
• However, even after that, there could be substantial
unnecessary time taken for the process because of
lack of management control and/or inaction of
worker

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 Introduction
• Work measurement or time study is the application
of techniques designed to establish the time for a
qualified worker to carry out specified jobs at a
defined level of performance.
• We have seen how total time to manufacture a
product is increased by:

ü adding undesirable features to product,

ü bad operation of the processes, and
ü ineffective time added because of worker and
management.

• All this leads to decreased productivity.

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 Introduction
• The design and measurement of work and
the problem-solving process are
fundamental to modern industrial
organization.
• Why use it ? :
- Productivity
- Improving equipment utilization
- Conserving materials and energy
- Reducing human effort
- Advancing the goals of the organization
on many fronts
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 Introduction
• A person working with motion and time
study will study an individual job or series
of jobs to learn the details of what works
and make details.
• Changes may be small, but improvements
must be made continually to keep the
company competitive.
• Quality and price are the most important
considerations for staying competitive
• Motion and time study concentrate on
reducing cost but must never lost sight on
quality
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 Motion and time studies are used to :

1. Develop the best work method

2. Develop motion consciousness on the part of all
employees
3. Develop economical and efficient tools, fixtures,
and production aids.
4. Assist in the selection of new machine and
equipment
5. Train new employees in the preferred method
6. Reduce effort and cost

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 Introduction

Work Measurement:
Improve Productivity, Reduce Costs, Improve
Profits

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Structure of WSM
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Types of WM
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Generation of WM
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 WSM Productivity

WSM 1 WSM 2

Methods Study Work Measurement

Motion Study &

Direct or Indirect (TS/WS)
Performance Evaluation

Scheme of the study

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 Direct Work Measurement

Stop watch Time Study Work Sampling

Indirect Work Measurement

Predetermined
Regression Analysis Standard Data/Formula
Motion Time System

General Approach Functional Approach

(for specific purpose)

-MTM-M
-MTM
-MTM-C
-MOST
-MTM-V
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 Why WSM is Important?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93Vo-
wjIWKA

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 HOMEWORK
• Advance Reading on for Week #2
• Recitation to follow

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