‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ وﻓﻖ‬‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪﱠ ﻟﺔ ُ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻠﻐَﺎة ُ‬
‫ﺣﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاد ُ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ورد ﰲ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ِﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ آق ﻛﻮﻧﺪوز‬

‫ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ورﺗﺒﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫د‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻲ‬
 ‫َ ﱠ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬

‫واﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ وﻓﻖ ﻣﺎ ورد ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠ َﻐﺎة ُ‬

‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪﱠ ﻟﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاد ُ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ آق ﻛﻮﻧﺪوز‬

‫ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ ورﺗﺒﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫د‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﱠ ﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟ َﻌﺪﻟ ﱠﻴﺔ ُ‬
‫إﻋﺪاد‪ :‬د‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫دار ﻛﻨﺰ ﻧﺎﺷﺮون )ﺑﻴﺮوت – ﻟﺒﻨﺎن(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪ ١٤٤٤ ،‬ﻫـ )‪٢٠٢٢‬م(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت‪.١٨١ :‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت‪ ٢٤ :‬ﺳﻢ ‪ ١٧ x‬ﺳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻐﻼف‪ :‬ﻃﻔﻴﻞ ﺷﺎه )‪(@Tufailshahh‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪#‬‬

‫‪۳‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫إﻫﺪاء إﻟﻰ روح‬

‫اﻟﺠﻬ َﺒﺬ‪ ،‬أﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻷﻟﻤﻌﻲ‪ُ ،‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣ‪‬ﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ‬

‫)‪ ١٣٢٢‬ﻫـ ‪ ١٤٢٠ -‬ﻫـ(‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ وﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﻦ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬

‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻀﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ‬

‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻲ‪ :‬وﻟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﺪة ﻋﺎم ‪١٤٠٢‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﻤﺪارس روﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرف اﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وأﻛﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻛﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ )ﺑﻮﻧﻪ( ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ ،‬وﺑﺪأ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮف أﺑﻮﻇﺒﻲ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﻚ آرﻛﺎﺑﻴﺘﺎ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف دﺑﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣﺼﺮف اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ .‬وﺧﻼل ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﱰة‪ ،‬ﺷﺎرك ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﻬﺎدات ﻧﺎﺳﺪاك‪ ،‬وﻫﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺒﻮ ﻟﺪﻳﻮن اﻟﻤﺮاﺑﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﻔﺮغ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﻋﺎم ‪٢٠١٨‬م‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ )ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ(‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﱰﺟـﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻧُﺸﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪) :‬اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى اﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮة ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻮازل اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ( ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺰ ﻧﺎﺷﺮون )ﺑﻴﺮوت( ﻋﺎم ‪٢٠٢١‬م‪.‬‬

‫‪٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫إﺻﺪار اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ آق‬

‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﰲ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‬
‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬
‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻮم‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫إﻃﻼق ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫إدراج ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺠﺮدة‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﻮﻛﱠﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﻞ‬ ‫وﺣ ﱡﻖ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‪ ،‬وﺣﻖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور‪ّ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﻖ ُ‬‫ﱡ‬
‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬
‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺮار‬
‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮط ذي ﻧﻔﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺸﺮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺎق اﻟﺸﺮوط ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻮن‬
‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻊ‬

‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﻠﻲ‬
‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻮم‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ ﻏﻴﺮ ﱢ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ ﻏﻴﺮ ﱢ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺨﻠﻮ )ﺑﺸﺘﻤﺎﻟﻠﻖ(‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻀﺮر‬
‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻀﺮر‬
‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﺬروﻋﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻀﺮر‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻷﺟﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺟﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮم أو ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‬
‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻃﺮف ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻠﻒ‬
‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ‬
‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﰲ ﺣﺎل ﺳﻮم اﻟﺸﺮاء‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻤﺨﻴﺮ‬
‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺣﻖ اﻟﻔﺴﺦ‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮب‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ‬

‫‪۷‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ‬
‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮع اﻟﻬﻼك ﰲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي ﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫ﻫﻼك ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮارث ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫رؤﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ وﺣﺪة ﻋﻘﺎرﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪه‬
‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫رؤﻳﺔ وﺣﺪات اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ‬
‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي رأه ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻛﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻷﺻﻴﻞ‬
‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ رﺳﻮل اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺣﻖ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﺰﱠ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﱠ‬
‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻴﻼت واﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﺬروﻋﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ ﰲ ﱠ‬
‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮف واﻟﻌﺎدة ﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬

‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﰲ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات‬

‫‪۸‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﻌﺪﱡ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺟﺮة‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻠﻐﻮ ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻴﻮع ﰲ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻹﺟﺎرة ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة اﻹﺟﺎرة‬
‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫إﺟﺎرة اﻟﻔﻀﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪٥٢‬‬ ‫أﺟﺮة ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫أﺟﺮة اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬
‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
‫اﻷﺟﺮة ﰲ ﺣﺎل ﱠ‬
‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎذ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬
‫‪٥٦‬‬ ‫أﺟﺮة ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ دون اﻹذن‬
‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟِﻤ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‬
‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ُﺮﻛ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺎن ُﻟﺰُ و ِم ﻣﻮا َﻓ َﻘ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺒ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫‪٧٢‬‬ ‫ﺎب‬ ‫ﻮل ﻟ ْﻺِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫‪۹‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪٧٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬
‫‪٧٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺸﺮط‬
‫‪٧٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﰲ إﻗﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٨١‬‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪٨١‬‬ ‫وط ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َأ ْو َﺻﺎﻓِ ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ﱢﻖ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬

‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻮز ﺑﻴﻌﻪ و ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪٨٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺪون ذﻛﺮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ و ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪٩٢‬‬ ‫ﺎف اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻮاﻟ ِ ِﻪ‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺮ ﱢﺗﺒ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأوﺻ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪٩٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺘﺄﺟﻴﻞ‬
‫‪٩٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ َﺑ َﻴﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘﺔ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤﻦ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺜ ﱠﻤﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪ‬
‫‪٩٦‬‬ ‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َو َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن ﺣ ﱢﻖ َﺗﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴ َ‬
‫‪٩٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺪ و اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ و اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑﺎﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ َواﻟﺘ َﱠﺴ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ َواﻟﺘ َﱠﺴ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ َو َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺘِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺎن َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪١٠٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺤﺒﺲ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪١٠٥‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ﱢﻖ ﻣ َﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ َو َﻟ َﻮ ِاز ِم إ ْﺗ َﻤﺎﻣِ ِﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻣﺌُﻮﻧ َِﺔ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫‪١٠٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻤﻮا ّد اﻟﻤﱰﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼك اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪١٠٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ َﺮ ِاء َو َﺳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﺴ ْﻮ ِم ﱢ‬‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ ِ‬
‫‪١١٠‬‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫‪۱۰‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫‪١١٠‬‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪١١٢‬‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴﺎن ﺧ َﻴ ِ َ ْ‬
‫‪١١٣‬‬ ‫ﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١١٤‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬‫ﺎن ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪١١٧‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮؤْ َﻳ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١١٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬

‫‪١٢٥‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َﺒ ِﻦ َواﻟ ﱠﺘﻐ ِْﺮ ِﻳﺮ‬
‫‪١٢٦‬‬ ‫َﺎﻣ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧْﻮا ِع ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ و َأﺣﻜ ِ‬
‫َْ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ َ‬
‫‪١٢٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧ َْﻮا ِع ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫‪١٢٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن أﺣﻜﺎم أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‬
‫‪١٣٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﱠ‬
‫‪١٣٢‬‬ ‫ﺎن ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺼﻨَﺎ ِع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑِﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ ُ ََ‬
‫‪١٣٤‬‬ ‫ﺎن َأ ْﺣ َﻜﺎ ِم َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪١٣٦‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻮ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫َْ َ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات‬
‫‪١٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬ ‫ِاﻻﺻﻄِ َﻼﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻬ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪١٣٩‬‬ ‫ﻮﻣ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻂ ا ْﻟﻌﻤ ِ‬
‫ُُ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮا ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺎن ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١٤٣‬‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬

‫ْﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ُﺮﻛ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة و َﻧ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪١٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺎذ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ُﺷ ُﺮوط اﻧْﻌ َﻘﺎد ْ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫‪١٤٧‬‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬ ‫وط ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ‬

‫‪۱۱‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪١٤٩‬‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو ُﺑ ْﻄ َﻼﻧِ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎد ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻓﺴ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎن ﻣﺴﺎﺋِ َﻞ َﺗ َﺘﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ِﺑ ْﺎﻷُﺟﺮةِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪١٥٠‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ َ َ‬
‫‪١٥٠‬‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو َأ ْو َﺻﺎﻓِ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻮاﻟ ِ ِﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬

‫‪١٥١‬‬ ‫ﺎق ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة‬‫ﺐ ُﻟﺰُ و ِم ْاﻷُ ْﺟﺮ ِة َو َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ اﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ َﺴ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪١٥٤‬‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ِﻻﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َو َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ ﻟ ِ ْﻸَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ َأ ْن ﻳﺤﺒِﺲ ا ْﻟﻤﺴ َﺘ ْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ‬
‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ِﺑ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١٥٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮؤْ َﻳ ِﺔ َو ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺎر ﱡ‬‫ط َو ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ي ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﺨ َﻴ َﺎرات اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼث‪َ ،‬أ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ِِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫‪١٥٨‬‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫‪١٦١‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮؤْ َﻳ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡ‬
‫‪١٦٢‬‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١٦٥‬‬ ‫َﺎﻣ ِﻪ‬

‫ﻮر و َأﺣﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧ َْﻮا ِع ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫‪١٦٥‬‬ ‫ﺎر َو َأ ْﺣ َﻜﺎﻣِ َﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺎن َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ َﻞ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِﺈِ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬
‫‪١٦٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ إﺟﺎرة اﻟﻌﺮوض‬
‫‪١٦٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ إﺟﺎرة اﻟﺪواب‬
‫‪١٧٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ إﺟﺎرة اﻵدﻣﻲ‬
‫‪١٧٧‬‬ ‫ﺘﻬﻤﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َوﻇﻴ َﻔﺔ ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮِ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮِ َو َﺻ َﻼﺣ ﱠﻴ َ‬
‫‪١٧٧‬‬ ‫ﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫‪١٧٨‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺗﺼﺮف اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻤﺄﺟﻮر ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬

‫‪١٧٩‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺮد اﻟﻤﺄﺟﻮر و إﻋﺎدﺗﻪ‬
‫‪١٨٠‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن ﱠ َ‬
‫‪١٨٠‬‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َوﻋَﺪَ ﻣِ ِﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﻮاد ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ُﻠﺰُ و ِم َﺿﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ ﱢ ُ َ‬
‫‪١٨٢‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬

‫‪۱۲‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪١٨٤‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎن اﻷﺟﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ؛ واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺧﻠﻖ اﷲ ‪،‬ﻣﺤـﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ‬
‫وﻣﻦ واﻻه‪.‬‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ﻣِ ْﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻧِﻌﻢ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ُأ ﱠﻣﺔ ﺧﻴﺮ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء – ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ‪ -‬أن َّﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻷُ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮن إﻻ َﻋﻠﻰ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻖ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻴﺮات ﰲ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺸﺮع اﻟﺤﻨﻴﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد اﻟﻔﺮدي أو اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻬﺎد اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪﱠ ﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮون ﻫﻮ ) َﻣ َﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮر‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إﺻﺪار ﺗﻘﻨﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻷَ ْﺣﻜَﺎ ِم اﻟ َﻌﺪْ ﻟ ﱢﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﻌﺮف اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ًا ﺑـ) َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﱠﻬﺎ أول‬
‫وإن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺟﻬﻮد ﻣﺸﻜﻮرة ﺳﺒﻘﺖ وﺗﻠﺖ‬ ‫رﺳﻤﻲ ُﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣِ ٍﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ إ ﱠﻣﺎ أﳖﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺻﺎدرة ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎت ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ رﺳﻤﻴﺔ ) ‪ ،(1‬وإ ﱠﻣﺎ أﳖﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﻦ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ) ‪) (2‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻹﻃﻨﺎب اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ(‪ ،‬وإ ﱠﻣﺎ أﳖﺎ ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ اﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺼﻮص‪ .‬وﻗﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺪت اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب )ﻣ ِ‬

‫ﺮﺷﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﺮان إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﺣﻮال اﻹﻧﺴﺎن( ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ َﻗﺪري ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫)‪ ( ٢‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب )اﻟﻔﺘﺎوى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻜﻴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ‪) ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﻻﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺬاﻫﺐ دون‬
‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد أي ٍ‬
‫ﻗﻮل ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ ﺷﺎرك ﰲ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﻟﺒﺎرزﻳﻦ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻰ رأﺳﻬﻢ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺟﻮدت‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺎ )‪١٨٩٥ – ١٨٢٢‬م(‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪١٨٦٨‬م‪ ،‬وﺧﻼل )‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮات أﺻﺪرت ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ )‪ (١٦‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑًﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﺑﻮاب ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‪ .‬وﺗﻢ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﻛﻘﺎﻧﻮن رﺳﻤﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪١٨٧٦‬م ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺪرت اﻟﻤﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ اﺑﺘﺪا ًء ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﳖﺎ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﱠ ث‬
‫ﲠﺎ ﰲ أﻏﻠﺐ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ آﻧﺬاك ‪.‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺪرت اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﱠﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺠﻮاﺋﺐ ) ‪) (2‬إﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل( ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ١٢٩٧‬ﻫـ )‪١٨٧٩‬م(‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪ (٨‬ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺪور اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﺪرت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮة )إﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل( ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪١٢٨٩‬ﻫـ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪١٨٦٩‬م(‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُﺗﺮﺟﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ واﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻷول )أي ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع( ﺑﺈﺷﺮاف ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ َ‬
‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ )أي ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات(‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﺟﻤﻪ أﻣﻴﻦ أﻓﻨﺪي واﺑﻨﻪ ﻓﺘﺢ اﷲ أﻓﻨﺪي اﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺪرت اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ١٣٠٥‬ﻫـ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
‫)‪١٨٨٨‬م(‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺤﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻘﺎدر راﺷﺪ ُﺧ ُﻠﻮﺻﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
‫أﺳﻌﺪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﻣﻴﻦ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪:‬ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪) ،‬ط‪٢٠١١ :١٤٣٢ :١‬م‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺮوت ‪:‬دار اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم(‪ ،‬ص‪.٤٩ .‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٢‬ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أﺣﻤﺪ آق ﺑﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ )ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﻚ(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ُروﺣﻲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ُﺷ ْﻜﺮ اﷲ ِﻋﺼﻤﺖ ) ‪.(1‬‬

‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬وﺣﺎﻓﻆ أﺣﻤﺪ‪ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺻﺪرت اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺠﻮاﺋﺐ )إﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل( ﰲ ‪ ١٣٠٥‬ﻫـ‬
‫)‪١٨٨٨‬م(‪ .‬أﻣﺎ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة ﻓﻈﻬﺮت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺑﻚ )إﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل( ﰲ ‪ ١٣٠٨‬ﻫـ‬
‫)‪١٨٩٠‬م(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﻲ ﻫﻮ‬
‫وﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻹﺧﺮاج واﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪٢٠١٧ – ١٩٥٣‬م(‪،‬‬
‫إﺻﺪار اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻖ ﱠ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﺠ ﱠﻔﺎن واﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ ودار اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم)ﺑﻴﺮوت(‪ ،‬ط ‪.‬اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ ١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ )‪٢٠١١‬م((‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺪّ ر‬
‫وﻣﻨﺴﻘﺔ وﻣﺤﺒﻮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫ّ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻖ ﻏﻼف اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‪) :‬ﻃﺒﻌ ٌﺔ ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃ ٌﺔ وﻣﺸﻜﻮﻟ ٌﺔ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎرك اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮح ﺑﻌﺾ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻓﻖ‬
‫وﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ أن ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﻗ ًﺔ ﺟﺎرﻳ ًﺔ‪ .‬اﻟﻠﻬﻢ آﻣﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺮﺟﻌًﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎء واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺸﺮﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل ﺷﺮوﺣﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﻘﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ‬
‫ﻗﺮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ زال اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻳﺠﺪون ﺿﺎﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪.‬وﻗﺪ ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺠ ﱠﻠ َﺔ ﺷﺮﺣًﺎ ﻣﻔﺼﻼً وﻣﻮﺟﺰ ًا ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪.‬وﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوح ‪):‬درر اﻟﺤﻜﺎم‬
‫ﺷﺮح ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم( ) ‪ (2‬ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﻟﺤﻘﻮﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﻼ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪر ) ُﺗﻮﰲ ‪ ١٣٥٤‬ﻫـ )‪١٩٣٥‬م((‪،‬‬
‫و)ﺷﺮح اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ( ) ‪ (3‬ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﻷﺗﺎﺳﻲ واﺑﻨﻪ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ اﻷﺗﺎﺳﻲ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪:‬ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ص ‪.٥١- ٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪث ﻃﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )ﺑﻴﺮوت(‪ ،‬ط‪ ١٤٣٧ :١‬ﻫـ )‪٢٠١٦‬م(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪث ﻃﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ )اﻟﺮﻳﺎض(‪ ،‬ط‪ ١٤٢٣ :١‬ﻫـ )‪٢٠٠٣‬م(‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﻨﻲ )ﺗﻮﰲ ‪١٣٧٤‬ﻫـ(‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪(1‬‬

‫و)ﺷﺮح ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ(‬
‫و)ﺷﺮح اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ( ) ‪ (2‬ﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ رﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﺎز )ﺗﻮﰲ ‪١٨٨٨‬م( ‪.‬وﻫﻨﺎك ﺷﺮوح أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻟﻜ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻔﻘﻮد‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ أﻛﺮم اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺒﺪَ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ – أو اﻟﺪُ رﻳﺴﺔ – أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻣﺼﺮﰲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺰ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺻﺪرت اﻟﱰﺟﻤﺔ ﺑﻔﻀ ٍﻞ ﻣﻦ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ وﻋﻈﻴﻢ إﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﻴﺮﻓﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﻮاﻻﻟﻤﺒﻮر )ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫إﺻﺪار اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ آق‬

‫وﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺪور اﻟﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‪ ،‬أﺧﱪﻧﺎ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ أرﻧﻮﻟﺪ ﻳﺎﺳﻴﻦ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻮل )ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ روﺗﺮدام اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ( ﺑﺼﺪور اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺤﺪﱠ ﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎع‬
‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻋﺪادﻫﺎ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر أﺣﻤﺪ آق ﻛﻮﻧﺪوز‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ ٌ‬
‫ٌ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬وﺣﺎﻟﻴًﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ روﺗﺮدام اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﲠﻮﻟﻨﺪا ‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﻴﺰت ﺑﻪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ أﳖﺎ ﺻﺪّ رت ﻣﺘﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺷﺎرﻛﻮا ﰲ إﻋﺪاد‬
‫واﻟﻤﻠﻐﺎة‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮات اﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ رﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﱠ ﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاد ُ‬
‫) ‪(3‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ )‪ ١٣٤٦‬ﻫـ‪١٩٢٧/‬م(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ دار اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ )ﺑﻴﺮوت(‪ ،‬ط‪ ١٤١٨ :٣‬ﻫـ )‪١٩٩٨‬م(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻢ ‪:‬اﻟﻤﺆرخ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺟﻮدت ﺑﺎﺷﺎ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﱢ ﻳﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﻣﻴﻦ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬

‫‪۱٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وإﺿﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪر )ﺷﺎرح اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ وﻣﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺮﻣﻮق ﰲ‬
‫إﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪:‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻘﺮض‪ .‬وﻟﻌﻞ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺰدوج ﻟﺪى‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﻔﻘﻪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﺮف‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ )اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﻌﺮف اﻵن ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ( ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎدر ًا ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﻘﻮم ﲠﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬وﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺷﻮق‬
‫وﻣﺎ ﺟﺬب اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أﺣﻤﺪ آق ﱠ‬
‫أن‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎدرة ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻧﻮاب ﻣﻦ وﻻﻳﺔ ﺣﻠﺐ‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺎ اﻟﻤﻼح‪،‬‬
‫وﺷ ﱢﻜﻠﺖ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت‬
‫واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد أﻓﻨﺪي اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺒﻲ‪ ،‬وﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻧﻮري أﻓﻨﺪي اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺘﺎﺑﻲ‪ُ .‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪١٩١٦‬م‪.‬‬
‫وﰲ ﺑﺎدئ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻇﻨﻨﺖ أن اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻲ اﻧﺪﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َﺗ ﱠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬واﻧﺒﻬﺮت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺒﺎر اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﻟﻔﺖ اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ أن ُﺷ ﱠﺮاح اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺪوا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪ ،‬واﻷﻏﺮب ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻠﻴﻞ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺳﻴﻒ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ إﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺷﻴﺮواﲏ زاده أﺣﻤﺪ ﺧﻠﻮﺻﻲ أﻓﻨﺪي‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﺸﻴﺦ أﺧﻤﺪ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻛﺮاﻧﻘﺮان ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﻠﻮﺻﻲ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻗﺮه ﺧﻠﻴﻞ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ روﺣﻲ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ وﻫﺒﻲ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺷﻜﺮي أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ أﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﻦ آﺑﺎدي‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﺘﺎر أﻓﻨﺪي‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ إﺻﺪار ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات وﻗﻒ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ )إﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل(‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﱪ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ )‪ ،(٠٢١٢٥١٣٤٠٣٣‬أو ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻹﻳﻤﻴﻞ‪.osav@osmanli.org.tr :‬‬

‫‪۱۷‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻢ ُﺗﻨﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪٢٠١٣‬م‬
‫ذﻟﻚ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰان‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑ ﱠﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎ رﺣﻤﻪ اﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﱠ‬
‫أن ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻮﲠﺎ ‪:‬ﻋﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬واﻟﻌﻴﺐ اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻤﺬﻫﺐ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ ) ‪ .(2‬ﻟﺬا رأى اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰام اﻟﻤﺠ ﱠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﺎزن اﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺒﺞ أن ﻫﺬا اﻻﻟﺘﺰام اﻟﺼﺎرم ﻗﺪ أﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﺪم ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﺄت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮ ﱡﻟﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‪ ،‬وﰲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬وﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ) ‪ .(3‬ﻓﺎﻟﱰﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺮى ﺟﻮاز ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻮن‪ ،‬وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ )اﻷﺟﺮ‬
‫واﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﻻ ﻳﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎن(‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺎل ‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺘﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﰲ إﺻﺪار اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أﺣﻤﺪ آق‪ ،‬وﺟﺪت ﱠ‬
‫أن ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ إﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﻫﻨﺎك ﻣﻮاد ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮاد ﻋُﺪﱢ ﻟﺖ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮاد أﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﻟﻬﺎ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫أو ﻋﺒﺎرات ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮاد ُﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ أو ﻓﻘﺮات ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﺖ – ﻣﺘﻮﻛﻼً ﻋﻠﻰ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ – أن أﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋُﺪﱢ ﻟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ وﻓﻖ اﻟﺠﺮﻳﺪة اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ )إﻣﺎ ﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ أو ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ( ﺳﻮاء ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ أو‬
‫ذﻛﺮت ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻲ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺬف أو اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ّ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪:‬أﺣﻤﺪ أق ﻛﻮﻧﺪوز‪ ،‬ص ‪.١٣٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ص ‪.٢٤٥-٢٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬ﻣﺼﺎدرﻫﺎ وأﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺮق اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﺎزن اﻟ ُﻘ ﱠﺒﺞ‪ ،‬ص ‪-٣١٣‬‬
‫‪.٣١٤‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
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‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﱠ ﻟﺔ )‪ (٧٢‬ﻣﺎدة ‪.‬وﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﺗﺠﺪوﳖﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜِﺘﺎب اﻷول ‪:‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪ ،‬وﰲ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ‪:‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻔﺖ ﻣﻠﺤﻘًﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع وﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات ﺣﺴﺐ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫وﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ و‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ واﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ أن ُﻳﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﻮع واﻹﺟﺎرات ﰲ ﺻﻮرﲥﺎ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‪ .‬وﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫إن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻇﻬﺮت ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮن ﻣﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت‪ ،‬ﻟﺬا ﺳﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ )ﻧﺴﺨﺔ اﻟ َﻘﺮن اﻵﻗﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒ ًﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻘﻖ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أﺣﻤﺪ آق‪ ،‬اﻋﱰاﻓًﺎ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ وﺟﻬﻮده ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺘﻲ آﻟﺖ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ٍ‬
‫ﻗﺮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪.‬‬
‫وإذا ﻗﺎر ﱠﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤ ﱠﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ واﻟﻤﺘﻦ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر‬
‫ﰲ اﻟﺸﺮوح اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ )أي ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺪر‪ ،‬واﻷﺗﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎز‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎ اﺧﺘﻼﻓًﺎ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت واﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫أن ﻣﺘﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺷﺮح ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺪر أﻓﻨﺪي‪ ،‬ﻳﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﰲ اﻟﱰﺟﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﻟﻤﺘﻦ اﻟﻤﱰﺟﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ راﺋﺠﺔ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ( ) ‪،(1‬‬
‫وﺧﺮوﺟًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼف‪ ،‬أﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮه اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أﺣﻤﺪ آق ﺑﺄﻧﻪ اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺄل اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻤﻨﻪ وﻛﺮﻣﻪ أن ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬وأن ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﺔ زﻳﻎ اﻟﻀﻼل‬
‫وﻧﺤﺲ اﻟﺮﺑﺎ واﻵﺛﺎم ﻛﺎﻓ ًﺔ ‪.‬آﻣﻴﻦ‪.‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﻲ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪:‬ﺑﺴﺎم ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ص ‪.٥١‬‬

‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫أﺑﻮﻇﺒﻲ )دوﻟﺔ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة(‬

‫‪ ٢٣‬ﻓﱪاﻳﺮ ‪٢٠٢٣‬م‬

‫‪۲۰‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﰲ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‬

‫ﻳﺒﺪو أن ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع ﻗﺪ ﻧﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﺤﻆ اﻷوﻓﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‪ .‬واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻵﰐ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ‬

‫َﺎن َأ ْﻋ َﻴﺎﻧًﺎ َأ ْو َﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ َﻊ( ) ‪.(1‬‬

‫ﺎن َﺳ َﻮا ٌء ﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪) -١٢٥ :‬ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻠ ُﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻣ َﻠ َﻜ ُﻪ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻧ َْﺴ ُ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬أﻋﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬أو دﻳﻮﻧًﺎ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪) - ١٢٥ :‬ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻠ ُﻚ َﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻪ‬
‫‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺎﺟ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﻨْ ُﻘﻮ ً‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :١٢٦‬ا ْﻟﻤ ُﺎل ُﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ِﻤ ُﻴﻞ إ َﻟﻴ ِﻪ َﻃﺒﻊ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻧ َْﺴﺎن َو ُﻳ ْﻤﻜ ُﻦ ا ﱢد َﺧ ُﺎر ُه إ َﻟﻰ َو ْﻗﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َ‬ ‫ْ ُْ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺎن َأ ْو َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ َﻣﻨْ ُﻘ ٍ‬
‫ﻮل( ) ‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﻛ َ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٣‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(١٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٣‬‬

‫‪۲۱‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎ َﻓﺴﺔ واﻟ َﺒ ْﺬ ُل( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :١٢٦‬اﻟﻤﺎل ﺷﻲ ٌء ﻳﺠﺮي ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻮم‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫إﻃﻼق ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺎل‬

‫ﺎع ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ .‬واﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :١٢٧‬ا ْﻟﻤ ُﺎل ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘ َﻘﻮ ِم ﻳﺴ َﺘﻌﻤ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﻣﻌﻨَﻴﻴ ِﻦ‪ْ :‬اﻷَو ُل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎح اﻻﻧْﺘ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ ُْ َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎﻹ ْﺣ َﺮ ِاز( ) ‪.(2‬‬‫ﺎﻟﺴ َﻤ ُﻚ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮ ٍم َوإِ َذا ُا ْﺻﻄِﻴﺪَ َﺻ َﺎر ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺤ َﺮ ِز َﻓ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد‬

‫ﺐ َوا ْﻟ ِﻔ ﱠﻀ ِﺔ( ) ‪.(4‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ‪) :١٣٠ -‬اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘﻮ ُد َﺟ ْﻤ ُﻊ َﻧ ْﻘ ٍﺪ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ِﻋ َﺒ َﺎر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ ِ‬

‫ﻮك واﻟ َﻘﻮاﺋِﻢ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺐ واﻟﻔ ﱠﻀﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻳﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﻨﱢﻴ َﻜ ُﻞ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :١٣٠‬اﻟﻨﱡﻘﻮد َﺟﻤﻊ َﻧ ْﻘﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ ُﻋﺮﻓًﺎ( ) ‪ .(5‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(١٩٧‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(١٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬آق )‪.(٢٠٠‬‬

‫‪۲۲‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫إدراج ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺠﺮدة‬

‫ور ُﻫﻮ ﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸ ِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﻣِ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ( ) ‪.(1‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ‪َ ) :١٤٢ -‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ُﺮ ِ َ َ‬
‫وﺣ ﱢﻖ ِﺧﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﻔ َﻌﺔ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮ َدة‪ُ :‬ﺣﻘﻮق َﺗ ْﺜ ُﺒ ُﺖ ﻟِﺪَ ﻓ ِﻊ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮر‪ ،‬ﻛﺤﻖ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪ُ ) :١٤٢‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ َﻮﻛﱠﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬
‫ﻴﺐ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٌﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٌم ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬ ِﺮ( ) ‪.(3‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫ب‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﻧَﺼ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :١٤٣‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺆﻛﱠﺪة ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻀﺮر‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ أﺻﺎﻟ ًﺔ ﻛﺤﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور‪ ،‬وﺣﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :١٤٣‬اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‪ ،‬وﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﻞ( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﻞ‬ ‫وﺣ ﱡﻖ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‪ ،‬وﺣﻖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور‪ّ ،‬‬
‫ﺣﻖ ُ‬‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻴ ُﻞ واﻟﺘﻮﻛﺎف ﻣِ ْﻦ َد ٍار إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎرجِ ( ) ‪.(5‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :١٤٤‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺴﻴ ِﻞ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َﺟ َﺮ َﻳﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺎء َو ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮب‪ :‬أي اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور ﻣﻦ ﻣِﻠﻚ اﻵﺧﺮ‪َ .‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪َ ) :١٤٤‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور‪ ،‬أي ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺎﻧَﺔ وإﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج وﺣﻖ‬ ‫إﺳﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء ﱠ‬
‫واﻟﺴ ْﻴﻞ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﻞ‪ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٢٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٤‬‬

‫‪۲۳‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ َﻄﺮة( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺎع َو ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُﻦ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ ُد ْاﻷَ ْﺻﻠِ ﱡﻲ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :١٥١‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎن َو ِﺳﻴ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ َﺒﺎ َد َﻟ ِﺔ( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬و ْاﻷَ ْﺛ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑِ ْﺎﻷَ ْﻋﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻊِ؛ ﻷَ ﱠن اﻻﻧْﺘ َﻔ َ‬
‫ﺎع إﻧ َﱠﻤﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪) -‬اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺷﻲ ٌء ُﻳﺒﺎع‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪:‬‬

‫)اﻹﻳﺠﺎب واﻟ َﻘ ُﺒﻮل ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن َﻳ ْﺤ ُﺼ َﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱢﻠ ْﻐ َﺮاف َ‬

‫واﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺮار‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬ﺷﺮاء‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٠٣‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢١٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٢٢٠‬‬

‫‪۲٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎل )ﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﺟﺴﺘﺔ( ﻗﻠﻴﻼً ﻗﻠﻴﻼً ﰲ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ اﻟﺬي ﺳﻴﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ٌ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ .‬وﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬا ﺑﻴﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺮار( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮط ذي ﻧﻔﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮط اﻟﻨﱠﻔﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪ( ) ‪ .(2‬وﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬اﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺬي ﻟﻪ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺬي ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﺑ ُ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ ًة ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬أو ﺑﺸﺮط ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﱰى إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﲠﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوط‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ُﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوط إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٢٠‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٢٨‬‬

‫‪۲٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺑﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ أو ُﻣﺆﻳﺪة ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﺘﻌﺎرﻓﺔ‪ ،‬إذا اﻟﺸﺮط واﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎن( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺸﺮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إذا‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺷﻲء ﺑﺸﺮﻃٍـ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄن‬ ‫أي‬
‫ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﺸﺮط ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ واﻟﺸﺮط ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﺑﻴﻊ ﱡ‬
‫ُﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ أو ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي ﻣﺒﻠﻐًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻗﺮﺿًﺎ أو ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺷﻴﺌًﺎ‪ ،‬ﲠﺬا‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﺎﺳﺪٌ واﻟﺸﺮط ٌ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﺎق اﻟﺸﺮوط ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪:‬‬
‫)اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ُذﻛﺮت ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺗﻠﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﺻﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﻼف اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺗﻠﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﺻﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻐﻮ ًا( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٢٨‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٢٨‬‬

‫‪۲٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻮن‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮط ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي إذا ﻗﺪﱠ م ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﺒﻠﻐًﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺴﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬وإذا اﻣﺘﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻋﻦ أﺧﺬ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺴﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬وإذا اﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻠﻜًﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﲠﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪٌ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮط ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ‪ :‬إذا اﻋﻄﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺒﻠﻐًﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻨًﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ وأﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪ُ ،‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ُﻋ ﱢﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪ( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻊ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﰲ ﳖﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪:‬‬
‫)اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ إذا أﻣﻜﻦ ﺣﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻴﻌًﺎ‪ ،‬وإن ﻟﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﺴﺨًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻊ‪ .‬وﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺷﺮط اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺪ أو اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺺ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﻦ اﻷول‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ٌ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٣٥‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٢٨‬‬

‫‪۲۷‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻌًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ًا‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻀﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻒ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺒﺪﻟﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺴﺨًﺎ‪ ،‬وﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻖ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻔﻌﺔً( ) ‪.(1‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌﻴِﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪ‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫﺬه ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻠ َﻌ َﺔ َو َأ َﺷ َﺎر‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ‪) :٢٠٤ -‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻠ َﻌ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ﺗ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬
‫إﺷﺎر ًة ِﺣﺴﻴ ًﺔ و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻟ ِﺰم َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺲ َ َ ﱢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫إ َﻟﻰ ِﺳ ْﻠ َﻌ ٍﺔ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮ َد ٍة ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻴﻨ ِ َﻬﺎ َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِ َﻲ ِﺳ ْﻠ َﻌ ًﺔ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ َﻫﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ِﺟﻨ ِْﺴ َﻬﺎ( ) ‪.(2‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻋ ْﻴﻨًَﺎ َﻳ َﺘﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﺑِﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﻋ ﱠﻴﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺑِﺈِ َﺷ َﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪) :٢٠٤ -‬إِذا َﻛﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ(‪ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي إذن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ُﻳﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ ﱢﺲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل‪َ ) :‬أ َﻧﺎ َﺑ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻌﺖ ﻫﺬه ﱢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وإﻻ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز أن ُﻳﺒﺪﱢ ل ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ( ) ‪.(3‬‬

‫ﺣﻖ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﻠﻲ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫)ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪ُ :‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٣٧‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١١٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٤١‬‬

‫‪۲۸‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﺑﺎع ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻠﻮ دﻛﺎﻧﻪ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ() ‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻠﻲ ٌ‬

‫ﺣﻖ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬ﺑﻴﻊ َﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﺑﺎع أي واﺣﺪ ﺣﻖ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤ ٍﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﻪ‪،‬‬
‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ٌ‬
‫وﺑ ّﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪاره وأوﺻﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( ) ‪.(2‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻮم‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٢١١‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮ ِم َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ( ) ‪.(3‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻘﻮم‬
‫اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻻً ﻏﻴﺮ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮاء ﺑِ َﻐﻴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘ َﻘﻮ ِم َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪٌ ( ) ‪.(5‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪ ) :٢١٢‬ﱢ َ ُ ْ ُ ﱢ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٤٣‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١١٦‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٢٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١١٦‬‬

‫‪۲۹‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻘﻮم‬
‫اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻻً ﻏﻴﺮ ﱢ‬
‫ض وا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬ ‫ب َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ِﺴﻴ ِﻞ َﺗ َﺒﻌًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ‪َ ) :٢١٦ -‬ﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َﺗ َﺒﻌًﺎ‬ ‫ﻸ ْر ِ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫ور َو َﺣ ﱢﻖ ﱡ‬
‫ﻟ ِ َﻘﻨ ََﻮاﺗِ ِﻪ( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻛﱠﺪة ﻛﻤﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪) :٢١٦ -‬ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺗﺒﻌًﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮات ٌ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮب‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺈن ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﻌًﺎ ﻟﻸرض أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻔﺮاد ٌ‬ ‫وﺣﻖ ﱢ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺨﻠﻮ )ﺑﺸﺘﻤﺎﻟﻠﻖ(‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‪.‬‬

‫)ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ : -‬ﺗﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺤﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪ُ :‬‬
‫اﻟﺨ ُﻠﻮ )ﺑﺸﺘﻤﺎﻟﻠﻖ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻴﻦ أﻫﻞ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف ﺟﺎﺋﺰ( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻖ ُ ﱢ‬

‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻀﺮر‬

‫َﺎت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﻓِﻲ َﺗﺒ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻀ َﻬﺎ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر َو َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﻗﺪْ َر ُه َو َذﻛ ََﺮ َﺛ َﻤ َﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ ‪َ ) :٢٢٤ -‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎع ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋًﺎ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ ْ ُ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٤٥‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١١٧‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٢٤٨‬‬

‫‪۳۰‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻴﻤ ِﻪ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ْ‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء‬ ‫ﻮﻋ ِﻪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ و ِﺣﻴﻦ و ْزﻧِ ِﻪ و َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ َر ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮ َد ﺑِ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ .‬وإِ ْن َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َزاﺋِﺪ ًا َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬
‫ﻳﻂ ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‬‫ﺎس َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ َﻗ َﺮ ِار َ‬ ‫ﺺ َأ ْﻟ َﻤ ٍ‬‫ﺎع َﻓ ﱠ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ُة ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َوا ْﻟﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋﻊِ‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﻓ ﱢ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ْ‬ ‫ﻳﻂ َوﻧِ ْﺼﻔًﺎ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ َﻗ َﺮ ِار َ‬ ‫َأ ْﻟ َ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﻂ َوﻧِ ْﺼﻔًﺎ َأ َﺧ َﺬ ُه ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ َأ ْﻟ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش َوإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َﻗ َﺮ ِار َ‬ ‫ﺺ ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ َأ ْﻟ َ‬‫َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮر ِة( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ ِ ِِ‬
‫ﻏ ْﺮش َو َﻻ ﺧ َﻴ َﺎر ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ﻓﻲ َﻫﺬه ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺮر‪ ،‬و ُﺑ ﱢﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‪ ،‬و ُذﻛِﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪) :٢٢٤ -‬إذا ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﰲ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﻀﻬﺎ َﺿ ٌ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺛﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‪ ،‬وﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ أﻧﻪ ﺗﺎم‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻻزﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻇﻬﺮ أن ٌ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ًا‪ :‬إذا ﺷﺎء ﻓﺴﺦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وإذا ﺷﺎء َﻗﺒِﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺈن رﺿﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ َﺷﺮط‪ .‬وإذا َﻇ َﻬﺮ أﻧﻪ زاﺋﺪٌ ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه‬
‫ﺴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﱠ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ واﻟﻤﺸﱰي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮان‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﺗﺮك اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻣﺠﺎﻧًﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ‬
‫ِﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ .‬وإذا اﺗﻔﻖ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻌﻮض ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ًا( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻀﺮر‬

‫ﺎن ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار ِه وﺑﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻬﺎ َﺿﺮر ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪) -٢٢٥ :‬إ َذا ﺑِﻴﻊ ﻣﺠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫ﻮع ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُزوﻧَﺎت ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ َﺗ ْﺒﻌ َ َ ٌ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َزاﺋِﺪ ًا َأ ْو ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ‬
‫ﺎن َأ ْﻗ َﺴﺎﻣِ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺟ َﺰاﺋِ ِﻪ َو َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺼﻴﻠِ َﻬﺎ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َو ْﻗ َﺖ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫َأ ْﺛﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١١٩‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٥٣‬‬

‫‪۳۱‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺤ َﺴ ِ‬ ‫إن َﺷﺎء َﻓﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ وإِ ْن َﺷﺎء َأ َﺧ َﺬ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ﺑِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﺎل ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ِر ْﻃ ٍﻞ ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺎع ﻣِﻨْ َﻘﻼً ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﻨ َﱡﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎس َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ َأ ْر َﻃ ٍ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻷَ ْﺟ َﺰاﺋﻪ َو َأ ْﻗ َﺴﺎﻣﻪ‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎل وﻧِﺼﻔًﺎ َأو َﺧﻤﺴ َﺔ َأر َﻃ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن‬‫ﻮر َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬‫ﺎل َوﻧ ْﺼﻔًﺎ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ﻓﻲ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ا ْﻟﻤﻨْ َﻘ ُﻞ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْر َﻃ ٍ َ ْ‬
‫ﺎل َوﻧِ ْﺼﻔًﺎ َوﺑِ ِﻤﺎ َﺋ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ‬
‫َﺎن َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْر َﻃ ٍ‬ ‫َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﻨْ َﻘ َﻞ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ َو َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧِﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ ْ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺎل َوﻧِ ْﺼﻔًﺎ( ) ‪.(1‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َأ ْر َﻃ ٍ‬ ‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َو ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ ْ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ٍم ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺮر‬
‫ﻮزوﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﰲ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﻀﻬﺎ َﺿ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪) – ٢٢٥ :‬إذا ﺑِﻴﻊ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻦ َ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎن أﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ و َأﺟﺰاﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﻮاء ﻇﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً أو ﻧﺎﻗﺼًﺎ أو زاﺋﺪ ًا‬
‫ﻛﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻵﻧﻔﺔ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ اﻟﻤﺬروﻋﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻀﺮر‬

‫اﺿ ِﻲ َأ ْم ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷَ ْﻣﺘِ َﻌ ِﺔ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣِﻦ ْاﻷَر ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻮع ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ ُرو َﻋﺎت َﺳ َﻮا ٌء َأﻛ َ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻤ ٌ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪) – ٢٢٦ :‬إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬
‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِ َﺮ ِة َو َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ َار ُه َو ُﺟ ْﻤ َﻠ َﺔ َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َأ ْو َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻞ َأ ْﺛ َﻤ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ‬‫اﻟﺼ َ‬‫ﺎن ِز َرا َﻋﺎﺗﻪ َﻓﻔﻲ َﻫﺎ َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫َو ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎء ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻀ َﻬﺎ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ْاﻷَ ْﻣﺘِ َﻌ ُﺔ َو ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء‬
‫ﺎت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﻓِﻲ َﺗﺒ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِﺮي ا ْﻟﺤ ْﻜﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﻰ ﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزو َﻧ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻴﻼ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺎ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻢ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻜِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻀ َﻬﺎ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ ُﺠﻮخِ َوا ْﻟﻜِ ْﺮ َﺑ ِ‬ ‫ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻟﻴﺲ ﻓِﻲ َﺗﺒ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫ت‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎس َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ ُﻢ ﻓ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ﻮن ِذ َراﻋًﺎ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ٌﺔ َوﺗِ ْﺴ ُﻌ َ‬ ‫َﻟﻮ ﺑِﻴﻌ ْﺖ َﻋﺮﺻ ٌﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأﻧﱠﻬﺎ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ُﺔ ِذرا ٍع ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش َوإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َزاﺋِﺪَ ًة َأ َﺧ َﺬ َﻫﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬ ‫إن َﺷﺎء َﺗﺮﻛَﻬﺎ وإِ ْن َﺷﺎء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻌﺮﺻ َﺔ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ْ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺎش َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ َﻗ َﺒﺎ ًء َو َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧِ َﻴ ُﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ‬‫ﻴﻊ َﺛ ْﻮ ُب ُﻗ َﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟﻒ ﻏ ْﺮش َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٢٠-١١٩‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٥٦‬‬

‫‪۳۲‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﺗ َﺮ َﻛ ُﻪ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش‬

‫ِﻏ ْﺮش َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ َﺳ ْﺒ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ُﺧ ﱢﻴ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ْ‬
‫َوإِ ْن َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﺗِ ْﺴ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع َأ َﺧ َﺬ ُه ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِﺘ ََﻤﺎﻣِ ِﻪ ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪ .‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِﻴ َﻌ ْﺖ َﻋ ْﺮ َﺻ ٌﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬
‫َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ُﺔ ِذ َرا ٍع ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ِذ َرا ٍع ﺑِ َﻌ َﺸ َﺮ ِة ﻏﺮوش َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ًﺔ َوﺗِ ْﺴ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِذ َراﻋًﺎ َوﻣِﺎ َﺋ ًﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ُﺧ ﱢﻴ َﺮ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﺗ َﺮﻛ ََﻬﺎ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ َﻫﺎ إ َذا ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ًﺔ َوﺗِ ْﺴ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِذ َراﻋًﺎ ﺑِﺘِ ْﺴ ِﻌ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ْ‬
‫ﺎش َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ ﻟ ِ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﺛ ْﻮ ُب ُﻗ َﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫َﺎن ﻣﺎ َﺋ ًﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟﻒ َو َﺧ ْﻤﺴﻴ َﻦ ﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ َوﻛ ََﺬا إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬
‫وإِ َذا ﻛ َ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﻗﺒ ٍ‬
‫ﺎء َو َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧِ َﻴ ُﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ِذ َرا ٍع ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﺗِ ْﺴ َﻌ ُﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع َأ ْو َﺳ ْﺒ َﻌ ُﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺎن ﺗِ ْﺴ َﻌ َﺔ َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ َوإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺳ ْﺒ َﻌ َﺔ‬ ‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﺗ َﺮ َك اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ُه إ َذا ﻛ َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ْ‬
‫ﻮن ِذ َراﻋًﺎ ﺑِ َﺴ ْﺒ َﻌ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﺛ ْﻮ ُب ُﺟﻮخٍ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ٌﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ٍ‬
‫َأ ْذ ُر ٍع ﺑِ َﺜ َﻼﺛﻤﺎﺋَﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤﺴﻴ َﻦ ﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش َأ ْو َأ ﱠن ﻛ ﱠُﻞ ِذ َرا ٍع ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ٌﺔ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِذ َراﻋًﺎ ُﺧ ﱢﻴ َﺮ‬ ‫ف و َﺧﻤ ِ‬
‫َآﻻ َ ْ‬
‫ٍ‬

‫ف ِﻏ ْﺮش َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َوإِ َذا‬

‫إن َﺷﺎء َﻓﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ وإِ ْن َﺷﺎء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺎ َﺋ َﺔ و ْاﻷَرﺑ ِﻌﻴﻦ ِذراﻋًﺎ ﺑِﺴﺒﻌ ِﺔ َآﻻ ِ‬
‫َ َْ‬ ‫َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ُة ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َزاﺋِﺪ ًا َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِذ َراﻋًﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪ – ٢٢٦‬ﺗﻢ إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻷﺟﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟﻤﺪﱠ ُة ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣ ًﺔ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘ ْﱠﺄ ِﺟﻴ ِﻞ واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ ِﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻂ( ) ‪.(3‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) ٢٤٦‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ ُ َ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) ٢٤٦‬ﰲ ﺗﺄﺟﻴﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ وﺗﻘﺴﻴﻄﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ وﻣﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٢١-١٢٠‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٥٨-٢٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٢٦‬‬

‫‪۳۳‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ وﻗﺖ ﻛﺬا أو ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺬا أو َﺳﻨَﺔ ﻛﺬا أو إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ وﻣﻌ ﱠﻴ ٌﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ ﲠﺬه اﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺄﺟﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮم أو ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٢٤٧‬إ َذا ُﻋ ِﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟﻴ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ إ َﻟﻰ ﻛ ََﺬا ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ َأو َﺷﻬﺮ ًا َأو ﺳﻨَ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬أو إ َﻟﻰ و ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺳ َﻢ َأ ْو اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻴ ُﺮ َ‬
‫وز َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ( ) ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ﻳ ِﻦ َﻛﻴﻮ ِم َﻗ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٢٤٧‬إذا وﻗﻌﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﺎد ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‬

‫َﺎن َﻋ َﻘﺎر ًا‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻼ( ) ‪.(4‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ ْ‬

‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٢٥٣‬ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن َﻳﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٢٥٣‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻵﺧﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ(‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻃﺮف ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮي‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٦٥‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٢٨-١٢٧‬‬

‫‪۳٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إذا‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﺾ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ وإﻧﻔﺎذ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ أن ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ ﱠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ(‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮي‬

‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َو َﻻ‬

‫ﻮن ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘﺒِ َﻀ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٢٩٣‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫َﺷ ْﻲ َء َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٢٩٣‬إذا َﺗﻠِﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﰲ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬وﺑﻼ ﺗﺼﺮف اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻻ ﻳﱰﺗﺐ أي‬
‫واﻟﻀﺮر ﻳﺮﺟﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻗﺒﺾ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي واﻣﺘﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘَﻠِﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻏﻢ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘَﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻠﻒ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إذا‬
‫ﺗﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﰲ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ وﺑﺪون دﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ًا إذا‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٣٦‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٨٦‬‬

‫‪۳٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺷﺎء أﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺤﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إذا‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﺳ ﱢﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻼن ﺣﺘﻰ وإن ﻟﻢ ﻳﺆد اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬وﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻳﺪه‪ ،‬وﺳ ﱠﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻫﻜﺬا‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻠِﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻀﺮر ﻳﺮﺟﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﰲ ﺣﺎل ﺳﻮم اﻟﺸﺮاء‬

‫اﻟﺸ َﺮ ِاء‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻣﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٢٩٨‬ﻣﺎ َﻗ َﺒ َﻀ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺳ ْﻮ ِم ﱢ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﻊ َﺗﺴ ِﻤﻴ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻬ َﻠ َﻚ َأو َﺿﺎع ﻓِﻲ ﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟﻘ َﻴﻤ ﱠﻴﺎت َﻟ ِﺰ َﻣ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ﻗ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َُ َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﺎت َﻟ ِﺰم َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ َأداء ﻣِ ْﺜﻠِ ِﻪ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪ ،‬و َأﻣﺎ إ َذا َأ َﺧ َﺬه ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻠِﻴ ِ‬
‫ون َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺒ ﱢﻴ َﻦ َو ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻤ َﻲ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻤﻨًﺎ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َوإِ ْن ﻛ َ ْ‬
‫ﺎع ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ ‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﺎن َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺎل َأ َﻣﺎ َﻧ ًﺔ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ َأ ْو َﺿ َ‬
‫ﻛ َ ِ‬

‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َﻓﺈِ ْن َأ ْﻋ َﺠ َﺒﺘْﻚ ْاﺷﺘ َِﺮ َﻫﺎ َﻓ َﺄ َﺧ َﺬ َﻫﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺛﻤﻦ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺪﱠ اﺑ ِﺔ َأ ْﻟ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻏ ْﺮش ا ْذ َﻫ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘِ َﻬﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َو َأ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺒ ﱢﻴ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮرة ﻟ َﻴ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َﻳ َﻬﺎ َﻓ َﻬ َﻠ َﻜ ْﺖ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ُﺔ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪه َﻟ ِﺰ َم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َأ َدا ُء ﻗ َ‬‫ﱡ َ‬
‫ﺎﺷﺘ َِﺮ َﻫﺎ َو َأ َﺧ َﺬ َﻫﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إ َذا َأ ْﻋ َﺠ َﺒ ْﺘ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺑ ْﻞ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﺧ ْﺬ َﻫﺎ َﻓﺈِ ْن َأ ْﻋ َﺠ َﺒﺘْﻚ َﻓ ْ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٨٧‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٨٨‬‬

‫‪۳٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮر ِة إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻜ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ( ) ‪.(1‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎو ُﻟ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َو َﻳ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َﻳﻬﺎ َﻓﺒِ َﻬﺬه ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٢٩٨‬إذا اﺷﱰى ﻣ ْﺸ َﺘ ٍﺮ ﺑِ َﻄ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻤﻰ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬واﺷﱰى وﻗﺒﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮ ِم‪ ،‬أي ﱠ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮاء ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﺿﺎع ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي وﻻ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وإذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻴﻠﻴﺎت ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻳﻘﺪم ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﺗﻠﻒ‬
‫أو ﺿﺎع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن أﻣﺎﻧ ًﺔ ﰲ ﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﺿﺎع وﺗﻠﻒ دون ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ اﻟﻀﻤﺎن( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪد اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻤﺨﻴﺮ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺨﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪) :‬اﻟﻄﺮف ُ‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ًا‪ُ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﻤﻘﺪم ﰲ اﻟﻔﺴﺦ واﻹﻳﺠﺎز‪ ،‬وﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ إذا ﻓﺴﺦ واﺣﺪٌ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫إﺟﺎزة اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬أو إذا أﺟﺎز واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻓﺴﺨًﺎ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺣﻖ اﻟﻔﺴﺦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٣٧‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٩٢‬‬

‫‪۳۷‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ -‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إِذا‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻘﺒﺾ‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫ﻟﻢ َﻳﺰل ﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻌﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ُﻣﺨﻴﺮ ًا َﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴﺐ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎدث ﻓِﻲ ُﻣﺪﱠ ة اﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻖ اﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ َﻳﻜﻮن َﺑﺎﻃﻼً‪ ،‬و َﻳ َﻠﺰ ُم إِﻋ َﻄﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮب‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إِذا‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اِﻣ َﺘﻨَﻊ رد اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺑِﺴﺒﺐ َﻛﻮﻧﻪ َﻋ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ُﻳﻤﻜﻨَﻪ َﻃ َﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻏﻮب‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ َ‬
‫ﺎرﻳًﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱡ َ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻦ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺖ ﻛ ََﺬا‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد ِه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣١٣‬إ َذا َﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ َﺆدي ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ﻓِﻲ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ََ‬
‫َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ َﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ( ) ‪.(3‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٩٢‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٢٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٠‬‬

‫‪۳۸‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِ َﺴﺒﺐ إِﻋﺎدة اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ إﻟﻰ َ‬
‫أﺟ ٍﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي ﺑِ َﺸﺮط أﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎوم اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٣١٣‬إذا َﺳ َ‬
‫)ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ(( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن َﻫﺬا ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺎل ﻟِﻬﺬا‪ِ :‬‬
‫َُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ َ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ‬

‫ﻴﻪ ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣١٤‬إ َذا َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑِﺴﺒﺐ ِﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ ُي ﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٣١٤‬إِ َذا َﻟﻢ َﻳﺴ َﺘﻄِﻊ ﱠ‬
‫أن ُﻳﺆدي ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وإذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻻزﻣًﺎ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮرﺛﺔ‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎء ﻣﺪﱠ ِة ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟﻤ َﺨﻴﺮ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ( ) ‪.(4‬‬ ‫ﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ َأ ْﺛﻨ ُ‬ ‫ُ ﱠُ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣١٥‬إ َذا َﻣ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اث‪ ،‬وﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻋﻠﻴﻪ إِذا ُﺗﻮﻓِ َﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٣١٥‬ﻳﻨْ َﺘ ِﻘ ُﻞ ِﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ إِﻟﻰ اﻟﻮ ِر ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ُ‬ ‫ﺮف ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَ ِﺔ َﻳﻘﻮم َو َر َﺛ ُﺘﻪ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻣ ُﻪ( ) ‪ .(5‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٢٩٥‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤١-١٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٢٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬آق )‪.(٢٩٦‬‬

‫‪۳۹‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫وﻗﻮع اﻟﻬﻼك ﰲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إذا‬
‫ﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻲ َأﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷَﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻨﺖ َ‬ ‫و َﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﻻ َﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ – واﺣﺪٌ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ َﻣ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي‪َ ،‬و َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ُﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫َوﺑِﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬إِذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ َأﺣﺪُ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء أو َﺗﻌ ﱠﻴﺐ ﻓ ُﻴﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬إِذا َﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﻲء‬ ‫ﺑﺄن َﻳﻜﻮن َﻣﺒِﻴﻌًﺎ‪ ،‬وإِذا ﻛَﺎن اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻊ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫َﻓﺎﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي َﻫ َﻠﻚ أو ﺗﻌ ﱠﻴﺐ ﻫﻮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ﻳﺘﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ أﻣﺎﻧﺔً‪ ،‬ﺳﻮا ًء َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ُﺾ َأم ﻻ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮي ﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إذا‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﻫ َﻠ َﻚ أﺣﺪُ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫أو ﺗﻌ ّﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺸﱰي إ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬أو ﰲ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻬﻼك ﰲ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ أو ﺗﻌﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﻔﺬ أﻳًﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺋﻌًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ أو ﻟﻢ ﻳﻘﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬أو‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻬﻼك ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﺘَﻌﻴﺐ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺨﺘﺎر و ُﻳﻠﺰم اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻣﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﻠﺰم ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻴﺒًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﺘَﻌﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي أن ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬وإذا ﻛﺎن َﻗ ْﺒﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ًا ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﱠ‬

‫واﻟﺮد( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٠٠‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣٠٠‬‬

‫‪٤۰‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻫﻼك ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺾ َﻳﻜﻮن اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ َﺑﺎﻃِﻼً‬ ‫ﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬إِذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻜ ْﺖ َﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘﻤﺎ ِم َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي وﻗﻊ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ ُي‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ َﺑﺎﺋﻌًﺎ أو ُﻣﺸ َﺘ ِﺮﻳًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ إِذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻜﺖ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎ ُء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫إِن َﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ أو ُﺛ ُﻠﺜﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻦ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ِﻞ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫أن ُﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻧِ ُ‬
‫ﺼﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﻮض اِﺛﻨﺎن أو َﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﻓﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﱠ‬
‫أن َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ُﺒﻮض ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ أو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫أن َﻳ ْﻀﻤﻦ إِذا َﻛﺎن َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ َﺑﺎﺋﻌًﺎ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈِذا َﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء أو ﺛﻠﺜﻪ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﺐ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‬ ‫اﻟﺬي َو َﻗ َﻊ ﺑِﺨﻴﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا َﺗﻌﻴﺒﺖ َﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬
‫ﺑﺄن ﻳﻨْﻔﺬ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ﻓِﻲ َأﺣﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻷَ ِ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ِ‬ ‫َﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌ ّﻴﺐ َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺔ ُوﻗﻮ ِع‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬و َﻳﻜﻮن‬‫أن ﻳﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬أو ﻳﺨﺘﺎر واﺣﺪ ًا ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬و ُﻳﻨَﻔﺬ اﻟ ﱠﺒ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﻴﺐ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺒﺾ َﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻪ ﱠ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻣِﻦ ﻫﺬه‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ َي َﺑﺄي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا َﻛﺎن اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻪ ﱠ ِ‬
‫أن ُﻳﻠﺰ َم ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َﺑﻴﻦ َﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﱠ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٠٠‬‬

‫‪٤۱‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ َي‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﻴﺐ َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺒﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬إذا أﻟﺰم‬‫اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ﺑِﺤﺴﺐ ُﻣﺮاده‪ ،‬أو َﻳﻔﺴ َﺦ اﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﺮد‪ ،‬وإذا ﻓﺴﺦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﱠ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ُﻗ ُﺒﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﻗﻮﻋﻪ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ‬
‫ﻓ َﻌﻠﻰ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺴﺦ إذا وﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻴﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌء ﻟﻜﻨﻪ إذا وﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮض اﺛﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻜﻞ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮض وإذا ﻛﺎن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ و ٍ‬
‫اﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺷﻴﺎء( ) ‪.(1‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮارث ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻟ ِﺰ َم‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪ِ ) :٣٢١‬ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮ ْؤﻳ ِﺔ َﻻ ﻳﻨْﺘ َِﻘ ُﻞ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟﻮ ِار ِ‬
‫ث َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻣ َ‬
‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َﻳ َﺮى ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ ﱡ َ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻻ ِﺧ َﻴ َﺎر ﻟ ِ َﻮ ِارﺛِ ِﻪ( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻻ َد َﺧ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﻣِ ْﻠﻜِ ِﻪ‬

‫ﺎع َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َﻣﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٣٢٢‬ﻻ ِﺧ َﻴ َﺎر ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َو َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎر ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ( ) ‪.(4‬‬
‫َﺎن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ َﺮ ُه ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﻼ ِﺧ َﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ﺎﻹر ِ‬
‫ث َوﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺑِ ْ ِ ْ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٠١-٣٠٠‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٣١٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٢‬‬

‫‪٤۲‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺎل َوا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫ﻮف َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ُﻗ ُ‬

‫ﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫ﺚ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣٢٣‬ا ْﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺮ ْؤﻳ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺑﺤ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َُ ُ ْ ﱡ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﻇ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫ ُﺮ ُه‬ ‫ﺎش ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺎس َوا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف ﺑِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ ُد ْاﻷَ ْﺻﻠِ ﱡﻲ ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً ا ْﻟﻜ ْﺮ َﺑ ُ‬
‫ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻌﺮ ُ ِ‬
‫َُْ‬
‫ﻮش َوا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪَ ﱠر ُب َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ َﻧ ْﻘ ِﺸ ِﻪ َو ُد ُروﺑِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎش ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ ِﺮ ِه‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﺎوﻳﻴ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ ر ْؤﻳ ُﺔ َﻇ ِ‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َو َﺑﺎﻃﻨُ ُﻪ ُﻣﺘ ََﺴ ِ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ُة ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺧﻮ َذ ُة ِﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﺤ ِﻢ َﻳ ْﻘﺘ َِﻀﻲ‬ ‫َﺎﺳ ِﻞ َواﻟﺘ َﱠﻮا ُﻟ ِﺪ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ َﺛﺪْ ﻳِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮا ُة ﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻨ ُ‬ ‫َو ﱠ‬
‫ف َﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬‫وق َﻃ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻬﺎ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي إ َذا َﻋ َﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺎت َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺬ َ‬
‫ُﻮﻻ ُت َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ُﺮو َﺑ ُ‬ ‫َﺟ ﱡﺲ َﻇ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﻫﺎ َو َأ ْﻟ َﻴﺘِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄﻛ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ( ) ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻮرة ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ َاﻫﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬
‫ْاﻷَﻣﻮ َال َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮ ِر ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬﻛ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫رؤﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ وﺣﺪة ﻋﻘﺎرﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪه‬

‫ﺖ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠن َﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺎر َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم ر ْؤﻳ ُﺔ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ ﺑﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣٢٦‬ﻓﻲ ﺷ َﺮاء اﻟﺪﱠ ِار َوا ْﻟ َﺨﺎن َوﻧ َْﺤ ِﻮﻫ َﻤﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ ُ ُ َ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ( ) ‪.(4‬‬
‫ﺖو ِ‬‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ُﺑ ُﻴﻮ ُﺗ َﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﺼﻨُﻮ َﻋ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻧ ََﺴ ٍﻖ َواﺣﺪ َﻓ َﺘ ْﻜﻔﻲ ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ َﺑ ْﻴ َ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣١٢‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٣١٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٣‬‬

‫‪٤۳‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫رؤﻳﺔ وﺣﺪات اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ‬

‫اﺣﺪَ ٍة ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪَ ﺗِ ِﻪ(‬

‫اﺣﺪَ ًة َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم ر ْؤﻳ ُﺔ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎو َﺗ ٌﺔ ﺻ ْﻔ َﻘ ًﺔ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣٢٧‬إ َذا ُا ْﺷﺘ ُِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء ُﻣ َﺘ َﻔ ِ َ‬
‫) ‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي رأه ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ُء ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬‫اﻟﺸ َﺮ ِاء‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮا ُه َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٣٣٢‬ﻣ ْﻦ َر َأى َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﺼ ِﺪ ﱢ‬
‫َﺎن َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲء َﻗﺪْ َﺗ َﻐﻴﺮ َﻋﻦ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر‬ ‫ﺎل ا ﱠﻟﺬي َرآ ُه ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن َرآ ُه‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﺧ َﻴ َﺎر َﻟ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إ َذا َو َﺟﺪَ َذﻟ َﻚ ﱠ ْ َ‬
‫ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ( ) ‪.(4‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(5‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣١٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٣١٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬آق )‪.(٣١٥‬‬

‫‪٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻛﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻷﺻﻴﻞ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ِء ﻛ َُﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣٣٣‬ا ْﻟ َﻮﻛِ ُﻴﻞ ﺑِ ِﺸ َﺮ ِاء َﺷﻲ ٍء‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻮﻛِ ُﻴﻞ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ َﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ُر ْؤ َﻳﺘ ُُﻬ َﻤﺎ ﻟ ِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْاﻷَ ِﺻﻴ ِﻞ( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ رﺳﻮل اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﻷَ ْﺧ ِﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َوإِ ْر َﺳﺎ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬

‫ﻮل ﻳﻌﻨِﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ُأر ِﺳ َﻞ ﻣِﻦ َﻃﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺳ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪ ) :٣٣٤‬ﱠ‬
‫ُﺗ ْﺴ ِﻘ ُﻂ ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ ِﺧ َﻴ َﺎر ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي( ) ‪.(3‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻘﻮط ﺣﻖ اﻟﺨﻴﺎر ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﺰﱠﻣﻦ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‪) :‬إِ َذا‬
‫ﻴﺐ‪ ،‬أو ﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟ َﻐ ْﺒ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻒ أو اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬أو ﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺺ ﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴ ِﺮﻳﺔ ﻟ ِ َﺸ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺣ َﺼ َﻠ ْﺖ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟِ ِ‬ ‫ﺒﺐ اﻟﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻠﺨﻴﺎر‪ ،‬إذا َﻣ ﱠﺮت َﺳﻨَﺔٌ‪ .‬وإذا‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ ُ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻐ ِﺮﻳﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُﺗ ْﺴ َﻤﻊ َد َ‬
‫ﻋﺎواه َﺑﻌﺪ اﻃ َﻼع ُ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣١٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٣١٥‬‬

‫‪٤٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮات ﻻ ُﺗﺴﻤﻊ َدﻋﻮى َﻓﺴﺦِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اِﺑﺘﺪا ًء ﻣِﻦ وﻗﺖ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺒﻌﺪ ُﻣﺮور َﺛﻼث‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟﻢ َﻳ ﱠﻄﻠ َﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا َ‬
‫ﻤﻦ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻘﺪ أو دﻋﻮى ُﻧ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﱠ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺤًﺎ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺗ ْﻘﺒ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌﻴِﻴﻦ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ِر وا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ُﻢ إﻧ َﱠﻤﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪ ) :٣٨١‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺨ ﱠﺴ ِﺔ( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟﺠﻮد ِة وا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻌﻤﻠﺔ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﻄ َﻠﻘًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪َ ) :٣٨١‬ﻋﻘﺪُ ﱠ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻴﻼت واﻟﻤﻮزوﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﺬروﻋﺎت ﰲ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬

‫ﺎت َﺗ َﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻣ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ُﻳﺮ َﻫﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﻮ ْز ِن‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣٨٢‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﻜِ َ‬
‫َﺎت َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ ُرو َﻋ ُ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬
‫ﻴﻼ ُت َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُزوﻧ ُ‬
‫َو ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬ ْر ِع( ) ‪.(4‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(5‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٢٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٣٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬آق )‪.(٣٣٠‬‬

‫‪٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺪدﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ ﰲ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎرﺑ ُﺔ ﻛَﻤﺎ َﺗ َﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻣ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ُﻳﺮ َﻫﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌﺪﱢ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﻮ ْز ِن‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٣٨٣‬ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد ﱠﻳ ُ‬
‫َﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻘ ِ َ َ‬
‫َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ() ‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮف واﻟﻌﺎدة ﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ْﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊِ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪ :‬إِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُأ ْر ٌز‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺗ ْﻤ ٌﺮ َوﻧ َْﻮ ُﻋ ُﻪ‬
‫ﺎن ِﺟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪ُ ) :٣٨٦‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻟﺼ ﱠﺤﺔ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎء اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬ ِﺮ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ َو َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ﻓِﻲ ُﻋﺮﻓِﻨَﺎ ﺑﻌﻼً(‪َ ،‬أو ﺑِﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء ﻣ َﻄ ٍﺮ )و ُﻫﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻧُﺴﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﻛ َﻜ ْﻮﻧﻪ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﻘﻰ ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﺎن‬‫ﺎن ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ وا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ و َزﻣ ِ‬ ‫)و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ﻧَﺎ َﺳ ْﻘﻴًﺎ( َو ِﺻ َﻔ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺠ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ َوا ْﻟ َﺨ ِﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺲ َو َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ِﻪ َو َﻣ َﻜﺎﻧِ ِﻪ( ) ‪.(3‬‬
‫َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – أﺿﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪) :‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺒ ﱠﻴﻦ َز َﻣﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ُﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َ‬
‫ﺴﺄﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟ ُﻌﺮف واﻟ َﻌﺎدة( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬه َ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺲ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﺗ َﻔﺮ َق ا ْﻟﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ ِ‬
‫ان‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻓﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ َ‬‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪ُ ) :٣٨٧‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻟﺼ ﱠﺤﺔ َﺑ َﻘﺎء ﱠ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٥٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٣٣١‬‬

‫‪٤۷‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ ا ْﻧ َﻔ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ ( ) ‪.(1‬‬

‫س ﱠ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َر ْأ ِ‬

‫ﻤﻦ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِﺲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻢ َﻻ ُﻳﺸﱰط َﺗ ُ‬‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٣٨٧‬ﻟ َﺒﻘﺎء ﺻﺤﺔ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٥٤‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣٣٢‬‬

‫‪٤۸‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﰲ ﻣﻮاد ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات‬

‫اﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﻤﻌﺪﱡ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫اﻟﺸﻲء ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُأ ِﻋﺪﱠ و ُﻋﻴﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﻌ َﻄﻰ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻜِﺮ ِاء‪ ،‬ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٤١٧‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﺪﱡ ﻟﻼ ْﺳﺘ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎت‬ ‫ات ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺑﻨ ِ َﻴ ْﺖ َو ْاﺷﺘ ُِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﺗ ْﺆ َﺟ َﺮ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ََﺬا ﻛ َْﺮ َو َﺳ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎن ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻌ َﻘﺎر ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫واﻟﺪﱠ ِار وا ْﻟﺤﻤﺎ ِم واﻟﺪﱡ ﻛ ِ‬
‫َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ث ِﺳﻨِﻴ َﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ َﱠﻮاﻟِﻲ َدﻟ ِ ٌﻴﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻛ َْﻮﻧِ ِﻪ ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲ ِء َﺛ َﻼ ُ‬ ‫ﺎرﻳ َﻦ‪َ ،‬وإِ َ‬ ‫اب ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻜ َﺮاء َو َد َو ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺎس ﺑِ َﻜ ْﻮﻧِ ِﻪ ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟ ِ ِﻼ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ُء ا ﱠﻟﺬي َأﻧ َْﺸ َﺄ ُه َأ َﺣﺪٌ ﻟﻨَ ْﻔﺴﻪ َﻳﺼ ُﻴﺮ ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا ﻟﻼ ْﺳﺘ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل ﺑِﺈِ ْﻋ َﻼﻣﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ َ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ِﻼ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل( ) ‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻤﺎدة) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺟﺮة‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ِﻫ َﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ( ) ‪.(3‬‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٤٢٠‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮ ُد َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – أﺿﻴﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪َ ) :‬ﺗﺠﻮز اﻹﺟﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ َﺗ ِﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺜﻞ إﻳﺠﺎر اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٦١-١٦٠‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٦١‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٣٥٩‬‬

‫‪٤۹‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻠﻐﻮ ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑِ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٤٢٨‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺨﺘَﻠِ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺧﺘ َﻼف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌﻤﻠﻴ َﻦ َﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴﺪُ ﻓﻴﻪ َﻟ ْﻐ ٌﻮ‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ( ) ‪.(1‬‬ ‫َأ َﺣﺪٌ َدار ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻜ َﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه ﻓ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ(‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َدار ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻜ َﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه ﻓ َ‬‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ﺗﻢ ﺣﺬف اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‪َ ) :‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻴﻮع ﰲ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬

‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﻗﺎﺑِ َﻠ ًﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋِ َﻌ َﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮﻛ َِﺔ ﻟ ِ َﺸ ِﺮﻳﻜِ ِﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻚ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺟ َﺮ ِﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺘ ُﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٤٢٩‬ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ِﻘ ْﺴ َﻤ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﺗ ُﻜ ْﻦ َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺟ َﺮ َﻫﺎ ﻟ ِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺄ ِة َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺟ َﺮ ﻧ َْﻮ َﺑ َﺘ ُﻪ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ() ‪.(3‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺄﺟﻮر َﻗﺎﺑِﻼً‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻴﻮع اﻷَﺻﻠﻲ ﻻ ُﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻋﻘﺪَ اﻹﺟﺎرة‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺴﻮاء ﻛﺎن َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪ ) :٤٢٩‬ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ َﺷﺮﻳﻜِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺘَﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺆﺟﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫أن ُﻳ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﱠ‬‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ ﱠﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬أو ﻏﻴﺮ َﻗﺎﺑِ ٍﻞ ﻟﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳﺠﻮز ﻷي‬
‫وأﻳﻀًﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺴﺦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٦٣‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٣٦٥‬‬

‫‪٥۰‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷوﻟﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات‪) :‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺄﻣﻮرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬إذا ذﻫﺐ أي ﻣﺄﻣﻮر إﻟﻰ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻠﺪة أﺧﺮى ُﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻔﺴﺦ إﺟﺎرة أرﺿﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮة ﻓﻘﻂ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻹﺟﺎرة ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة اﻹﺟﺎرة‬

‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﺟﺎرات‪َ ) :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺄﺟﺮ ُﻣﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﻓ ْﺴﺦِ ِ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎرة إذا‬ ‫ﺄﺟﻮر‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺴ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻮﺟﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُﻣ ُﺮور ُﻣﺪﱠ ة ﻣِﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎرة‪ ،‬إذا َأراد اﻟﻤ ِ‬

‫َﺷﺎء َﻗﺒِﻞ‪ ،‬وإذا ﺷﺎء اﻣﺘﻨﻊ( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫إﺟﺎرة اﻟﻔﻀﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ف‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺘ ََﺼ ﱢﺮ ُ‬ ‫ف‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٤٤٧‬ﺗﻨْﻌ ِﻘﺪُ إﺟﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟِﻲ ﻣﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ إﺟ َﺎز ِة ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎز ِة َوﻟ ِ ﱢﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺻﻐﻴﺮ ًا‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻣ ْﺠﻨُﻮﻧًﺎ َوﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َة ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﺗﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ َ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ﱢﻲ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟﻤﻌ ُﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َأ ْو َو ِﺻ ﱢﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ْﻦ ُﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻓِﻲ ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮد‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة ﻗ َﻴﺎ ُم َو َﺑ َﻘﺎ ُء َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌﺔ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎء‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ َ ْ‬
‫وض؛ َوإِ َذا َﻋ ِﺪ َم َأ َﺣﺪُ َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء َﻓ َﻼ َﺗ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎز ُة( ) ‪.(3‬‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ْ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ِ ﱢﻲ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﰲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪َ ) :‬ﺗﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ َ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٦٩‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٣٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٦٧‬‬

‫‪٥۱‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ف َﺻ ِﻐﻴﺮ ًا‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻣ ْﺠﻨُﻮﻧًﺎ َوﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َة ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ‬ ‫ف َوإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺘ ََﺼ ﱢﺮ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ إﺟ َﺎز ِة ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ُﻘﻮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗِﺴﻤًﺎ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎزة َوﻟ ﱢﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َوﺻ ﱢﻴﻪ َﻟﻜ ْﻦ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ اﺷﺘ ََﺮﻃﻮا َﺑ َﻘﺎء َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ﱢﻲ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮوض‪ ،‬إذن ﻳﺸﱰط َﺑ َﻘﺎؤه وﻗﻴﺎ ُﻣﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أو ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﰲ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻹﺟﺎزة‪ ،‬إذا ﻛﺎن َﺑﺪَ ُل َ‬
‫اﻷﺟﺮ ِة( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎل ﻳﺴ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ُﻖ َﺗﻤﺎ َم‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ِ َ‬
‫وﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻴًﺎ ﻗﺴﻤًﺎ و َﻟﺤ َﻘﺖ اﻹﺟﺎزة‪َ ،‬‬
‫‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫أﺟﺮة ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة‬

‫ﺎﺳﺪَ ِة َو َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ِاﻻ ْﻗﺘِﺪَ ار َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻴ َﻔﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌﺔ ﻛَﺎﻓﻴًﺎ ﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٤٧١‬ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺎع َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ًﺔ( ) ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺤ ُﺼ ْﻞ اﻻﻧْﺘ َﻔ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ إذا ُو ِﺟﺪ اﻻﻗﺘﺪار ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٤٧١‬ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َأﺟﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ُ ُْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ() ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٧٢‬‬

‫ﻻ َﺗ ْﻠﺰَ م اﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة‬ ‫اﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌﺔ ﻓِﻲ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ( ٢‬ﺟﺎء ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻵﰐ‪َ ) :‬‬
‫اﻹ َﺟﺎرة اﻟ َﻔ َ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪة‪ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ﻻ ُﻳ ْﻘﺘَﺪَ ُر َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْ‬
‫ﺎع َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘﺔً( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺤ ُﺼ ِﻞ اﻻﻧْﺘ َﻔ ُ‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٣٧٩‬‬

‫‪٥۲‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫أﺟﺮة اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻘﺪ‬

‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا ﻟ ِ ِﻼ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‬ ‫ون ) ‪َ (1‬ﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ َو َﻻ ) ‪ (2‬إ ْذ ٍن‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٤٧٢‬ﻣﻦ اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤ َﻞ ﻣ َﺎل َﻏﻴ ِﺮ ِه ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ َْ َ‬
‫ﺎل ﺑِ ْﺎﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة) ‪َ (4‬ﻟ ِﺰ َﻣ ُﻪ إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ِ‬‫َﻟ ِﺰﻣ ْﺘﻪ) ‪ُ (3‬أﺟﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻼ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِﻦ َﻟﻮ اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤ َﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪَ ﻣ َﻄﺎ َﻟﺒ ِﺔ ﺻ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ ْ َْ َُْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ َْ‬
‫اﺿﻴًﺎ ﺑِﺈِ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ر ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺘِ ْﻌ َﻤﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ) ‪(5‬‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﺎل َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ‬ ‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮة َوإِ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا ﻟﻼ ْﺳﺘ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل ﻷَ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﺑِ ْ‬
‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻘﺪ وﺑﻼ إ ْذ ٍن‪ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َأﺟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‬ ‫وﺿﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﻴﺪَ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎل اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ٍ‬
‫َ ُ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٤٧٢‬إذا َ َ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻮرة( ) ‪ .(6‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬

‫ﻮن ﻛ ََﺬا ِذ َراﻋًﺎ َأ ْو ُدوﻧَﻤًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺧ َﺮ َﺟ ْﺖ َزاﺋِﺪَ ًة َأ ْو‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٥٠٣‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت َأ ْر ٌض َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة َو َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷَ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ﱠﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ َﺣ َﺎل ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼﺎﻧِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ َﺦ‬
‫ﻧَﺎﻗِ َﺼ ًﺔ َﺗ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ ِ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة ْ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء( ) ‪.(7‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪) :‬ﻣِ ْﻦ ُد ْو ِن( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬

‫)وﺑِﻼ إِ ْذ ٍن( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬‫)‪ ( ٢‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﺗ ْﻠﺰَ ُﻣ ُﻪ( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل اﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮةَ( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬ ‫)‪ ( ٤‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪) :‬ﻣ َﻄﺎ َﻟﺒﺔ ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻳ ْﻠﺰَ ُﻣ ُﻪ إِ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء اﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٦‬آق )‪.(٣٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٧‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٧٧‬‬

‫‪٥۳‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫أن َﺗﻜﻮن َﻛﺬا ِذراﻋًﺎ أو دوﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﱠ‬

‫أن‬ ‫ﺮط ﱠ‬ ‫اﻷرض ﺑِ َﺸ ِ‬‫ُ‬ ‫ُﺆﺟﺮت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٥٠٣‬إذا اﺳﺘ ِ‬

‫اﻷرض َﺗﺎﻣ ٌﺔ ِﻋﻨﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ َﺗ َﻠﺰ ُم اﻹﺟﺎرةُ‪ ،‬وإذا َﻇﻬﺮت ﻧَﺎﻗﺼ ٌﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ َ‬
‫ﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ :‬إذا َأراد‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﺘﻪ إِﻟﻰ َأﺟ ٍﻞ ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻣِﻦ اﻷَ ِ‬
‫َﻓﺴ َﺦ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺟﺎرة‪ ،‬وإذا أراد َﻗﺒِﻠﻪ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ َﻫﺬه َ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﻣﺨﻴﺮان‪ .‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺆﺟﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ﱢ‬
‫ﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎد ُة ﻓِﻲ اﻷَ ِ‬
‫رض‪ ،‬و َﻳ ُ‬ ‫ﻬﺮت ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺟﺮ إذا َﻇ ْ‬ ‫ُﻳﺸﱰط ِرﺿﻰ ُ‬
‫ﻔﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻓﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‪ ،‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ إذا ا ﱠﺗ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إذا ﺗﺮك اﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫اﻷرض اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ َﻣﺠﺎﻧًﺎ َﻳﺴ ُﻘﻂ ﺧﻴﺎر ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺆﺟﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮض ﰲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑﻠِﺔ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻳﺠﻮز أﻳﻀًﺎ( ) ‪ .(1‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
‫اﻷﺟﺮة ﰲ ﺣﺎل ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪) :٥٥٠‬اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ُﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ ﻟ ِ ﱡﻠﺮﻛ ِ‬
‫ُﻮب َﻻ ُﺗ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ُﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ُﺣ ﱢﻤ َﻠ ْﺖ َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬
‫َوﺑِ َﻬ ِﺬ ِه ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة( ) ‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻮان َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ َﻴ ُ‬‫ﻛﻮب و َﺗﻠِﻒ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻜﺮاﺋﻪ ﱡ‬‫ﻏﻢ اِ ْﺳﺘِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) ٥٥٠‬إذا ُﺣ ﱢﻤ َﻠﺖ اﻷَ ْﺛ َﻘ َﺎل َر َ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺜﻞ أﻳﻀًﺎ( ) ‪ .(3‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺎذ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺟﺎرة‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬

‫ون إ ْذ ِن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٥٩٠‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎع ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﺟﻮر ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‬ ‫وا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟﻢ ﻳ ُﻜﻦ ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬آق )‪.(٣٨٨‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٨٧‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬آق )‪.(٤٠٢‬‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺗ ْﺴﻠ َ‬ ‫َﺎع َﻋ ْﻦ اﻻ ْﺷﺘ َﺮاء ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ اﻻ ْﻣﺘﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َأ َﺟﺎ َز ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﺎن َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻗﺒ َﻞ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺿﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِم إ ْﻣ َﻜ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻮر ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﺼ ْﻞ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻳ ُﻜ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﻧَﺎﻓﺬ ًا ﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ﻛ ﱟُﻞ ﻣﻨ ُْﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺆ َﺧ ُﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔﺎﺋِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻮر َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َأ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُه َﻧ ْﻘﺪ ًا‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬ ‫َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬

‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻘ َﻂ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َﺣ ْﺒ ِﺴ ِﻪ( ) ‪.(1‬‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬ ‫ون إ ْذ ِن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪َ ) :٥٩٠‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎع ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﺟﻮر ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫وا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟﻢ ﻳ ُﻜﻦ ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ُ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺗ ْﺴﻠ َ‬ ‫َﺎع َﻋ ْﻦ اﻻ ْﺷﺘ َﺮاء ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ اﻻ ْﻣﺘﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻗﺒ َﻞ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺔ أﻳﻀًﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺿﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِم إ ْﻣ َﻜ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻮن‬‫ﺐ َﻓ ْﺴ َﺦ اﻟ َﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﻀﻮر اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َأ َﺟ َﺎز ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي أن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ُ‬
‫ﻮر ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﺼ ْﻞ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻧَﺎﻓﺬ ًا ﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ﻛ ﱟُﻞ ﻣﻨ ُْﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺆ َﺧ ُﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫ِ ِ‬

‫اﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔﺎﺋِ ِﻪ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ َﺣ ﱡﻖ‬ ‫ﻮر َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ْ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َأ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُه َﻧ ْﻘﺪ ًا‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬ ‫َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮي( ) ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ اﺑﺘﺪا ًء ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊِ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﺒﺪَ ل اﻹﺟﺎرة َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﺒ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬إذا ﻟﻢ ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِﺰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ُ‬ ‫َﺄﺟ ُﺮ اﻟ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )‪.(١٩٤-١٩٣‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٤١٢‬‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫أﺟﺮة ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ دون اﻹذن‬

‫ﺐ) ‪َ (1‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َأ َدا ُء‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺒِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻗﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﺼ ِ‬ ‫ون إ ْذ ِن ﺻ ِ‬

‫َ‬
‫ﻻ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َﻣﺎ ً‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٥٩٦‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َأ ْي‬‫ﺤﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ َأو ﻣ َﺎل ﺻ ِﻐ ٍﻴﺮ) ‪َ (3‬ﻓ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫َﺎن َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤ ُﺎل) ‪ (2‬ﻣ َﺎل و ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻌ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا ﻟ ِ ِﻼ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َأ ْي َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ إ َذا َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﺎل) ‪َ .(4‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺣ ٍ‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ٍة َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫آﺧ َﺮ ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة ﺑِﺪُ ون َﻋ ْﻘﺪ َ‬ ‫ﻚ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ) ‪َ .(5‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ َﻜ َﻦ َأ َﺣﺪٌ ﻓِﻲ َد ِار َ‬ ‫ﻳ ُﻜﻦ ﺑِﺘ َْﺄ ِوﻳ ِﻞ ﻣِ ْﻠ ٍ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫ﺎل َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ) ‪َ (7‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ ْ‬
‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ اﻟﺪﱠ ُار َو ْﻗﻔًﺎ َأ ْو َﻣ َﺎل َﺻ ِﻐ ٍﻴﺮ) ‪َ ،(6‬ﻓ َﻌ َﻠﻰ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺣ ٍ‬ ‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َد َار ﻛِ َﺮ ٍاء‪،‬‬
‫ﻚ َو َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ َأ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ َة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺳ َﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ؛ َوﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ْ‬
‫َﺛﻢ َﺗ ْﺄ ِو ُﻳﻞ ﻣِ ْﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻚ و َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َأﺟﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ؛ وﻛ ََﺬا َﻟﻮ اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤ َﻞ َأﺣﺪٌ داﺑ َﺔ ا ْﻟﻜِﺮ ِاء ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ َْ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُْ‬ ‫َو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺗ ْﺄ ِو ُﻳﻞ ﻣ ْﻠ َ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِﻪ ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ َأﺟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺜﻞ( ) ‪ .(8‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٥٩٦‬إذا اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤﻞ َﺷ ْﺨﺺ اﻟﻤ َﺎل ﺑِﻼ إ ْذ ِن ﺻ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ( )ص ‪.(١٩٥‬‬ ‫َﺎﺻ ِ‬ ‫)‪ ( ١‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪) :‬ﻣِﻦ َﻗﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻐ ِ‬

‫ْ ْ‬
‫َﺎن ﻣ َﺎل و ْﻗ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻒ( )ص ‪.(١٩٥‬‬ ‫)و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ إِ ْن ﻛ َ َ َ‬ ‫)‪ ( ٢‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻳﺘِ ْﻴﻢ( )ص ‪.(١٩٥‬‬
‫ﺎل َﻳ ْﻠﺰَ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻞ( )ص ‪.(١٧١‬‬ ‫)‪ ( ٤‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﻌ َﻠﻰ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺣ ٍ‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‬

‫ﻚ َو َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ َﻳ ْﻠﺰَ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ﺑِﺘ َْﺄ ِوﻳ ِﻞ ﻣِ ْﻠ ٍ‬ ‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا ﻟ ِ ِﻼ ْﺳﺘِﻐ َْﻼ ِل َﻓ َﻌ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َ‬
‫ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫)‪ ( ٥‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ( )ص ‪.(١٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٦‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻳﺘِ ْﻴﻢ( )ص ‪.(١٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٧‬ﻟﻢ َﺗﺮد ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) َﺗ ْﻠﺰَ ﻣﻪ( ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )ص ‪.(١٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٨‬آق )‪.(٤١٧‬‬

‫‪٥٦‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟِﻤ ْﻠ ِ‬

‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺎل ُاﺳ ُﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﺑِﺘ َْﺄ ِوﻳ ِﻞ ﻣِ ْﻠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ َﻣ ٍ ْ ْ‬‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٥٩٧‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن َﺷ ِﺮﻳﻜِ ِﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َِﻘ ّﻼً‪،‬‬‫ﺎل ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘَﺮ ِك ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺮﻛَﺎء ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻟ ِ ِﻼ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬
‫ف ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة َأ َﺣﺪُ ﱡ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻠ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣِ ْﻠ ُﻜ ُﻪ) ‪ ،(1‬ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِِ ِ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫وإن ﻛﺎن ُﻣﻌﺪﱠ ًا‬ ‫ﻠﺸ ِﺮﻳﻚ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮة ﺣ ﱠﺼﺘﻪ؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺮ َة ِﺣ ﱠﺼﺘِﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘِ ْﻐ َﻼل َﻻ َﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺮﻋ ﱠﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺄﺧ ُﺬ اﻵﺧﺮ ُأ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ ََﺮ َك ﺑِﻼ إذن ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎل ُ‬‫ﺗﺼﺮف واﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٥٩٧‬إذا ﱠ‬
‫ف واﻻﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺎﺿﺮﻳ َﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا أو َﻏﺎﺋِﺒﻴ َﻦ َﻳ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱡﻘﻮن اﻟﺘ َﱠﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء اﻵﺧﺮون ﺣ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﱠ ًة ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَ ًﺔ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة( ) ‪ .(2‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ُﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼً ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻧﻔﺲ ُ‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬

‫ﺎل ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ﺑِﺘ َْﺄ ِوﻳ ِﻞ َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ) ‪ (3‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ٍ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ – ‪َ ) :٥٩٨‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن َﺷ ِﺮﻳﻜِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫اك) ‪ (5‬ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻻ ْﺷﺘِﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻮت) ‪ (4‬ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻤﻠِ ُﻜﻪ ﺑِ ِ‬‫ﺎع َأ َﺣﺪٌ ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎﻧ َ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻼ ْﺳﺘ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‪َ .‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬

‫)‪ ( ١‬اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪) ،‬ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬

‫)‪ ( ٢‬آق )‪.(٤١٧‬‬
‫)وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن( )ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬ ‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫)ﺣﺎﻧ ُْﻮﺗًﺎ( )ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٥‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻣ َﻠ َﻜﻪ ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮﻛًَﺎ( )ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬

‫‪٥۷‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺐ ﺑِ ُﺄ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِﺮ ُ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ) ‪َ (1‬و َﺿ َﺒ َﻂ ﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺘ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻄﺎﻟ َ‬ ‫ﺠ ْﺰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻣﺪﱠ ةً‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﻟﻢ ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫فﻓ ُ‬
‫و َﺗﺼﺮ َ ِ ِ‬
‫َ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻠ ُﻪ ﺑِﺘ َْﺄ ِوﻳ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ‪َ :‬ﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ إ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِﺣ ﱠﺼﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻌﺪّ ًا ﻟﻼ ْﺳﺘ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‪ ،‬ﻷَ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي ْ‬
‫َ ) ‪(2‬‬

‫ﺎع َأ َﺣﺪٌ ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ َر ًﺣﻰ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻠ ُﻜ ُﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌﺔ) ‪(3‬؛ ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫ف ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺛﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎت‬ ‫َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻟ ْﻮ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﻟ َﻬﺎ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﺤ ﱞﻖ َو َأ َﺧ َﺬ َﻫﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ُﻮر ِة؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن َﻫ َﺬا َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ َﺗ ْﺄ ِو ُﻳﻞ َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ًة ﻟﺘ ََﺼ ﱡﺮﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ة ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬﻛ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎل اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘُﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﰲ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ – ‪) :٥٩٨‬ﻻ َﻳ َﻠﺰم‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة ﻣﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَﺔ‬‫ﺗﺼ َﺮف ُ‬ ‫ﺨﺺ دﻛﱠﺎﻧَﻪ ﺑِﻼ إ ْذن َﺷ ِﺮﻳﻜﻪ اﻟﺬي َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻚ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﱡ ﻛﱠﺎن ُﻣﺸﺘ ََﺮﻛًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺷ ٌ‬
‫أﺟ َﺮﺗِﻪ؛ ﱠ‬
‫ﻷن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وﻳﺮﻳﺪ أن َﻳﻀﺒِ َﻂ ﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺘ ُﻪ ﻻ ُﻳ َﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑِﺤ ﱠﺼﺔ ْ‬‫ﺠﻴﺰ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻻ ُﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ َﺗ َﺒﻴﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﺎء )أﻧَﺎ ُﻣﺘ ﱢَﺼﺮف ﺑِﻌ ْﻘﺪ اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ(‪،‬‬‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،،‬ﻳﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﺎد ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ ََﺮ َك ﺑﺘﺄوﻳ ِﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺎل ُ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘَﺮي اﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َذﻟ َﻚ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫وﺳ ﱢﻠﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎن اﻟﺪﱠ ﻗِ ِ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ُد ﱠﻛ َ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟﻤﻨْ َﻔﻌ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛ ََﺬا إذا ﺑﺎع أي و ِ‬
‫ﻴﻖ َﻋﻠﻰ َﺷ ْﺮط أﻧﱠﻪ ﻣ ْﻠ ُﻜ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻻ َﻳ َﻠﺰ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻴﻖ‪،‬‬‫ﺴﺘﺤ ٌﻖ ﻟِﺪُ ﻛﱠﺎن اﻟﺪﱠ ﻗِ ِ‬
‫أن ﺷﺨﺼًﺎ آﺧﺮ ﻣ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﺮف وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻇﻬﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي ﺛﻢ ُﺿﺒِ َﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬و َﺗ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺺ ﻻ ُﻳ ِﻤ ُﻜﻦ أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻬﺬا ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺨ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎن اﻟﺪﱠ ﻗِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻜﻢ دﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫و َأﺧ َﺬ ﻫﺬا اﻷَﺧ ُﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻹ ْﺛ َﺒﺎت ُ‬
‫ﻷن ﻓِﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻻﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎل واﻟﺘﱠﺼﺮف ﻣِﻦ َﺷ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑِﻞ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮﻓِﻪ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َﺗﻪ؛ ﱠ‬
‫ﺮﻳﻚ آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﺄﺧ َﺬ ﻣﻦ ُ‬
‫َﻳ ُ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺪُ َﺗ ُ‬
‫ﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ( ) ‪ .(4‬ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ‪ ١٣٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻳ َ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻚ( )ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬ ‫)‪ ( ١‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠﺰْ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ﱠ‬
‫َﺎن( )ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬ ‫)وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬‫)‪ ( ٢‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ( )ص ‪.(١٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ‪َ ) :‬ﻓﻼَ َﻳ ْﻠﺰَ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬آق )‪.(٤٢٠-٤١٩‬‬

‫‪٥۸‬‬
*

٥۹
 ‫*‬

‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٦۰‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪٦۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .١٠١‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺎب َأ ﱠو ُل ﻛ ََﻼ ٍم َﻳ ْﺼﺪُ ُر ﻣ ْﻦ َأ َﺣﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ ﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ إﻧ َْﺸﺎء اﻟﺘ َﱠﺼ ﱡﺮف َوﺑِﻪ ُﻳ َ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫َو َﻳ ْﺜ ُﺒ ُﺖ اﻟﺘ َﱠﺼ ﱡﺮ ُ‬
‫ف‪.‬‬

‫ف‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻪ َﻳﺘِ ﱡﻢ‬ ‫ﻮل َﺛﺎﻧِﻲ ﻛ ََﻼ ٍم ﻳﺼﺪُ ر ﻣِﻦ َأﺣ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ﻳ ِﻦ ِﻷَﺟ ِﻞ إﻧ َْﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺎء اﻟﺘﱠﺼﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ .١٠٢‬ا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ُ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ‫‪ .١٠٣‬ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟﺘِ َﺰام ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ﻳ ِﻦ و َﺗﻌﻬﺪُ ُﻫﻤﺎ َأﻣﺮ ًا و ُﻫﻮ ِﻋﺒﺎر ٌة َﻋﻦ ارﺗِﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎط ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ ْ َ َﱡ َ ْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻮل‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل ﺑِ ْﺎﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َو ْﺟ ٍﻪ َﻣ ْﺸ ُﺮو ٍع‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻈ َﻬ ُﺮ َأ َﺛ ُﺮ ُه‬

‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ .١٠٤‬اﻻﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘﺎ ُد َﺗ َﻌ ﱡﻠ ُﻖ ﻛ ﱟُﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ِﻘ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ُﻣﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪ ًا َو َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُﻣﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘ ٍﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎل ﺑِ َﻤ ِ‬

‫ﺎل َو َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ .١٠٥‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﺒﺎ َد َﻟ ُﺔ َﻣ ٍ‬
‫ُﻮر وﻳﻨْ َﻘ ِﺴﻢ إ َﻟﻰ ﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺢٍ ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ .١٠٦‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬﻛ ِ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺳ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬وﻧَﺎﻓِ ٍﺬ‪ ،‬وﻣﻮ ُﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﻮف‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻓ ِ‬
‫َ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ .١٠٧‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘ ِﺪ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻃِ ُﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﺢ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺠﺎﺋ ُﺰ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫وع َذاﺗًﺎ َو َو ْﺻﻔًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١٠٨‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺤًﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﻮن ﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وع َأ ْﺻﻼً َﻻ َو ْﺻﻔًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١٠٩‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺎﺳﺪُ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺎر َﺟ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ َأ ْو َﺻﺎﻓِ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا ﺑِﺎ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َﺑ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫َذاﺗِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِ‬

‫‪ .١١٠‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻃِ ُﻞ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َأ ْﺻﻼً‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﺸ ُﺮوﻋًﺎ َأ ْﺻﻼً‪.‬‬

‫‪٦۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮف َﺑ ْﻴ ٌﻊ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ِ ﱢﻲ‬

‫‪ .١١١‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﻗ ُ‬

‫ون إ ْذ ٍن َﺷ ْﺮ ِﻋ ﱟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ف ﺑِﺤ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻐﻴ ِﺮ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬

‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١١٢‬ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ﱡﻲ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳﺘ ََﺼ ﱠﺮ ُ َ‬
‫‪ .١١٣‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِ ُﺬ َﺑ ْﻴ ٌﻊ َﻻ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻳﻨْ َﻘ ِﺴ ُﻢ إ َﻟﻰ َﻻ ِز ٍم َو َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ َﻻ ِز ٍم‪.‬‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻼ ِز ُم‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِ ُﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ات‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎري َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َ َ‬ ‫‪ .١١٤‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﱠ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ات‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻼ ِز ِم‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓ ُﺬ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ َ َ‬
‫‪ .١١٥‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ﱠ‬

‫ﺠﻲ ُء ﻓِﻲ َﺑﺎﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺨ َﻴﺎر ﻛ َْﻮ ُن َأ َﺣ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ ﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳ َﻴ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١١٦‬ا ْﻟ ُ‬
‫ﺎت‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻄ ِﻌ ﱡﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٧‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .١١٨‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻮ َﻓﺎء‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط َأ ﱠن اﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي َﻣﺘَﻰ َر ﱠد اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ إ َﻟ ْﻴﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ) ‪.(1‬‬

‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺠﺎﺋِ ِﺰ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ إ َﻟﻰ اﻧْﺘِ َﻔﺎ ِع ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ إ َﻟﻰ ﻛ َْﻮن ﻛ ﱟُﻞ ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ ُﻣ ْﻘﺘَﺪر ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ‪َ ،‬وﻓﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْﻫ ِﻦ‬

‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي َﻻ َﻳ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻌ ِﻪ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎل و َﻓ ٍ‬
‫ﺎء َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ ُه ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ .١١٩‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﻐ َﻼ ِل‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ َ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻳﻨْ َﻘ ِﺴ ُﻢ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ِﺔ َأ ْﻗ َﺴﺎ ٍم‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٠‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺎل ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ َﻢ َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِع ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬

‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬا ُذﻛِﺮ ﰲ آق )ص‪ ،(١٩٣ .‬واﻷﺻﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‪َ ) :‬أ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ َﻣﺘَﻰ َر ﱠد اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد اﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺠﺎﺑﻲ )ص‪ ،(١٠٢ .‬اﻷﺗﺎﺳﻲ )‪ ،(٩/٢‬اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﻨﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٠/١‬ﺑﺎز )ص‪.‬‬
‫‪.(٥٩‬‬

‫‪٦۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺮ ُ‬

‫َوا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ِ ُﺚ‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻘﺎ َﻳ َﻀ ِﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ُﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َوا ْﻟﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ﱠ‬
‫ف‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ .١٢١‬ﱠ‬
‫‪َ .١٢٢‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻘﺎ َﻳ َﻀ ِﺔ‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ َأ ْي ُﻣ َﺒﺎ َد َﻟ ُﺔ َﻣ ٍ‬
‫ﺎل ﺑِ َﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﺎل َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﺟ ٌﻞ ﺑِ ُﻤ َﻌ ﱠﺠ ٍﻞ‬
‫‪َ .١٢٣‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨْ َﻌ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻣِ ُﻞ َﺻﺎﻧِ ٌﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ِ .١٢٤‬اﻻﺳﺘِﺼﻨَﺎع‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ﻣ َﻘ ٍ‬
‫ﺎو َﻟﺔ َﻣ َﻊ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﱠ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ُ‬
‫ُﻮع‪.‬‬ ‫َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺼﻨ ِ ٌﻊ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ُء َﻣ ْﺼﻨ ٌ‬
‫ﺎﻧﺖ‪َ ،‬أو َﻣﻨَﺎﻓِﻊ‪ ،‬أو ُد ُﻳﻮﻧًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬أ ْﻋ َﻴﺎ َﻧًﺎ َﻛ ْ‬ ‫‪ .١٢٥‬ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻠ ُﻚ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻜ ُﻪ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻧ َﺴ ُ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎ َﻓﺴﺔ واﻟ َﺒ ْﺬ ُل‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٢٦‬اﻟﻤﺎل ﺷﻲ ٌء ﻳﺠﺮي ﻓﻴﻪ ُ‬
‫‪... .١٢٧‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻲء ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ َﻧ ْﻘ ُﻠﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﱟﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َ‬ ‫‪ .١٢٨‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫آﺧﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ُْ ُ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ :‬ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ت وا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎت وا ْﻟﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻼ َ َ ْ‬ ‫وض َوا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻴ َﻮاﻧ َ َ‬
‫َو َﻳ ْﺸ َﻤ ُﻞ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘﻮ َد َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١‬‬

‫ﻮل‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻻ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ َﻧ ْﻘ ُﻠﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﻣ ِ‬

‫ﺤ ﱟﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‬ ‫‪َ .١٢٩‬ﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ِ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ ْ َ‬
‫اﺿ ِﻲ ﻣِ ﱠﻤﺎ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ور و ْاﻷَر ِ‬
‫َﻛﺎﻟﺪﱡ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢‬‬

‫ﻮك واﻟ َﻘﻮاﺋِﻢ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ واﻟﻔ ﱠﻀﺔ‪ ،‬و ُﻳﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﻨﱢﻴ َﻜ ُﻞ َ‬ ‫‪ .١٣٠‬اﻟﻨﱡﻘﻮد َﺟﻤﻊ َﻧ ْﻘﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ ُﻋﺮﻓًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﻮد وا ْﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﻚ و ِﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻋَﺪَ ا اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘ ِ‬
‫ض ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘﺤ ِﺮ ِ‬‫‪ .١٣١‬ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮوض‪َ :‬ﺟ ْﻤ ُﻊ َﻋ َﺮ ٍ‬
‫َ َََ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ت وا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫وا ْﻟﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻼ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺘَﺎ ِع َوا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎش‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣‬‬

‫ﺎد ُﻳﺮ َﻫﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْز ِن‪َ ،‬أ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺬ َرا ِع‪َ .‬و ِﻫ َﻲ‬ ‫ات‪ :‬ﻣﺎ َﺗ َﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻣ َﻘ ِ‬
‫‪ .١٣٢‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻘﺪﱠ َر ُ َ َ ﱠ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎت‪ ،‬وا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬرو َﻋ ِ‬ ‫َﺎت وا ْﻟﻌﺪَ ِدﻳ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺷﺎﻣِ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻼت َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُزوﻧ َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ .١٣٣‬ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴﻠِ ﱡﻲ َوا ْﻟ َﻤﻜِ ُﻴﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﻜ ُﺎل ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮز ُن‪.‬‬ ‫ون‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َ‬ ‫‪ .١٣٤‬ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْزﻧِﻲ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُز ُ‬

‫ﱡ‬
‫‪ .١٣٥‬ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد ﱡي َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﺪُ و ُد‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﻌﺪﱡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٦‬ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺎس ﺑِ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺬ َرا ِع‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬ ِرﻋﻲ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ ُر ُ‬
‫وع‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﻘ ُ‬
‫ود ِه َو َأ ْﻃ َﺮاﻓِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٧‬ا ْﻟﻤﺤﺪُ ود ُﻫﻮ ا ْﻟﻌ َﻘﺎر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ َﺗﻌﻴِﻴﻦ ﺣﺪُ ِ‬
‫ُْ ُ ْ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺺ َﺷﺎﺋِ َﻌ ٍﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎع َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﺤﺘ َِﻮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣ َﺼ ٍ‬
‫‪ .١٣٨‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺸ ُ‬
‫ﺎري إ َﻟﻰ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٍء ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ْﺟ َﺰ ِاء ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ِك‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺤﺼ ُﺔ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋ َﻌ ُﺔ‪ :‬ﻫ َﻲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻬ ُﻢ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١٣٩‬ا ْﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ض ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺣ ٌﺶ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ ْﱢﺴ َﺒ ِﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َﺮ ِ‬
‫اد ِه َﺗ َﻔﺎو ٌت َﻓ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ َأ ْﻓﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١٤٠‬ا ْﻟﺠﻨ ُْﺲ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫اف َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺠ َﺎز َﻓﺔُ‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮ ٍع ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺪ ٍﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤١‬ا ْﻟ ُﺠ َﺰ ُ‬

‫اﻟﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮ َدة‪ُ :‬ﺣﻘﻮق َﺗ ْﺜ ُﺒ ُﺖ ﻟِﺪَ ﻓ ِﻊ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀﺮر‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬
‫‪ُ .١٤٢‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﻔ َﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺤﻖ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤‬‬

‫وﺣ ﱢﻖ ِﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﺸﺮط‪.‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥‬‬

‫ﺮر‪َ ،‬ﺑﻞ ُﺗﺜ َﺒ ْﺖ َأ َﺻﺎﻟ ًﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺆﻛﱠﺪة ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻟ ِﺪَ ﻓ ِﻊ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀ ِ‬ ‫‪ .١٤٣‬اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬

‫‪٦٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻖ ُ‬‫َﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫ب‪،‬‬ ‫َو َﺣﻖ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ِﺴﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﺣﻖ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور ﻣﻦ ﻣِﻠﻚ اﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻖ ُ‬‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﱡ‬
‫‪َ .١٤٤‬ﺣ ﱡﻖ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺮب‪ :‬أي اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺐ َ‬ ‫َﺣ ﱡﻖ ﱢ‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ َﻄ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬
‫ﺎرجِ وﺣﻖ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺨ ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺎﻧَﺔ وإِﻟﻰ َ‬ ‫إﺳﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء ﱠ‬
‫واﻟﺴ ْﻴﻞ َ‬ ‫ﺣ ﱡﻖ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻴﻞ‪ ،‬أي‪َ :‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ت ُﻳ ْﻌﺘَﺪﱡ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ون َﺗ َﻔﺎو ٍ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻮﺟﺪُ ﻣِ ْﺜ ُﻠﻪ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻮق ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١٤٥‬ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜﻠِ ﱡﻲ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳ َ‬
‫ت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَﺪﱢ ﺑِ ِﻪ‬‫ﻮق َأو ﻳﻮﺟﺪُ َﻟﻜِﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻔﺎو ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺪُ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻣ ْﺜ ٌﻞ ﻓﻲ ﱡ‬ ‫‪ .١٤٦‬ا ْﻟﻘ َﻴﻤ ﱡﻲ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻻ ُﻳ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﻘ َ‬
‫اد َﻫﺎ وآﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ َأ ْﻓﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎرﺑ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻫﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﻌﺪُ ود ُ ِ‬ ‫‪ .١٤٧‬ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد ﱠﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺎد َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ات ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻘ ِ َ‬
‫َﺗ َﻔﺎو ٌت ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴﻤ ِﺔ َﻓﺠ ِﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻠِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ َُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اد َﻫﺎ و ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ َأ ْﻓﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎو َﺗ ُﺔ ِﻫﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﻌﺪُ ود ُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫‪ .١٤٨‬ا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد ﱠﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺎو ٌت‬ ‫آﺣﺎد َﻫﺎ َﺗ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ات ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬‫ﻴﻤ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ ﻗِ َﻴ ِﻤ ﱠﻴ ٌ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﻘ َ‬
‫ﺎل‪َ .‬و ُﻳ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎل ﺑِ َﻤ ٍ‬‫وﻫﻲ ِﻋ َﺒ َﺎر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻣ َﺒﺎ َد َﻟ ِﺔ َﻣ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ُ .١٤٩‬ر ْﻛ ُﻦ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻊِ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َﻣﺎﻫ ﱠﻴ َﺔ اﻟ ّﺒ ْﻴﻊ‪َ .‬‬
‫ﻮل َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ؛ ﻟِﺪَ َﻻ َﻟﺘِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺒﺎ َد َﻟ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬‫ِْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .١٥٠‬ﻣﺤ ﱡﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮد اﻷَ ْﺻﻠِﻲ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١٥١‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺷﻲ ٌء ُﻳ ُ‬

‫ﺒﺎع‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺬ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ .١٥٢‬اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﺑﺪَ ً‬

‫‪٦٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ان و ْﻗ َﺖ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘﱠﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺿﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫‪ .١٥٣‬اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻤﻴﻪ َو ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻴﻨُ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗﺪَ َ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِﻘ ِﻴﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْو ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ َأ ْو َزاﺋِﺪ ًا َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﻄﺎﺑِﻘًﺎ ﻟ ْﻠﻘ َ‬
‫َﺳ َﻮا ٌء ﻛ َ‬

‫ﻠﺸ ْﻲ ِء‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤ ُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِﻘ ِﻴﻘ ﱡﻲ ﻟ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١٥٤‬ا ْﻟﻘ َ‬
‫ﺎع ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ُء ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُﻳ َﺒ ُ‬
‫‪ .١٥٥‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺜ ﱠﻤ ُﻦ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫‪ .١٥٦‬اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺄ ِﺟ ُﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﺗﻌﻠِ ُﻴﻖ اﻟﺪﱠ ﻳ ِﻦ و َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺧﻴﺮه إ َﻟﻰ و ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻴﻂ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟ ُﻴﻞ َأد ِاء اﻟﺪﱠ ﻳ ِﻦ إ َﻟﻰ َأو َﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺎت ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َد ٍة ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ ٍَﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١٥٧‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ ِﺴ ُ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺬ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٨‬اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ُﻦ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﺜ ُﺒ ُﺖ ﻓِﻲ ﱢ‬
‫اﻫ ِﻢ ﻣِﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِذﻣ ِﺔ رﺟ ٍﻞ ﻣِﻦ دﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬وﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ار ﻛﺬا ﻣﻦ ا ْﻟﺪَ ر ِ‬
‫اﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ار ﻛﺬا ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ر ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩‬‬

‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻫ ِﻢ َأو ﻣِﻦ ﺻﺒﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ ُ َْ‬
‫ﺎﺿ ٍﺮ‪ .‬وا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻘﺪَ ار ا ْﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ر ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ ُ َﱠ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺬي َﻟﻴﺲ ﺑِﺤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﺮ ِاز َﻓ ُﻜ ﱡﻠ َﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻗﺒِﻴ ِﻞ اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺿ َﺮ َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ .١٥٩‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُﻦ‪ِ :‬ﻫ َﻲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ُء ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺸ ﱠﺨ ُ‬
‫ﺺ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴ ٌﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠‬‬

‫َو ِﺣ َﺼ ٌ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١‬‬

‫َوﻛ ُْﺮ ِﺳ ﱞﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢‬‬

‫ﺎﺿ َﺮ َﺗﺎ ِن‪،‬‬

‫اﻫﻢ اﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫َو ُﺻ ْﺒ َﺮ ُة ﺣﻨْ َﻄﺔ َو ُﺻ ّﺮ ُة َد َر َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣‬‬

‫ُﻛ ﱡﻠﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ ْاﻷَ ْﻋﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .١٦٠‬ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٦١‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬

‫‪٦۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن َﻋﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎن‪ُ :‬ﻫﻤﺎ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ وا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي وﻳﺴﻤﻴ ِ‬
‫ََُ ﱠَ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ ُ‬
‫‪ .١٦٢‬ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﺒﺎﻳِﻌ ِ‬
‫ُ َ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟﺔُ‪َ :‬ر ْﻓ ُﻊ َﻋ ْﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َوإِ َزا َﻟ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ ْ .١٦٣‬‬

‫ﻴﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِﺻ َﻔﺘِ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِﻘ ِﻴﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٦٤‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻐ ِﺮ ُﻳﺮ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻮ ِﺻ ُ‬

‫وض‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮ ﻓِﻲ‬

‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ُﺶ‪َ :‬ﻏﺒﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻗﺪْ ِر ﻧِﺼ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬
‫‪ .١٦٥‬ا ْﻟ َﻐﺒﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِز َﻳﺎ َد ٍة‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎت َوا ْﻟ ُﺨ ُﻤ ِ‬ ‫َََ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺪُ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ف َأ ﱠو َﻟ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﻢ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻻ ُﻳ َ‬
‫‪ .١٦٦‬ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪ ُ‬

‫‪٦۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ُﺮﻛ ِْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺎب َو َﻗ ُﺒ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١٦٧‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ ﺑِﺈِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ٍ‬
‫ﻹﻧ َْﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻮل ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ِﻋ َﺒ َﺎر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﻟ ْﻔ َﻈ ْﻴ ِﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻦ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .١٦٨‬‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫ُﻋﺮ ِ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ة‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮن ﺑِ ِﺼﻴ َﻐ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ َﻛﺒِ ْﻌ ُﺖ َو ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻮل َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .١٦٩‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫ﺎب‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ َﻗ ُﺒ ٌ‬
‫ﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻆ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻫ َﺬ ْﻳ ِﻦ ُذﻛِ َﺮ َأ ﱠو ً‬
‫ﻻ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َ‬
‫إﻳﺠ ٌ‬
‫و َأي َﻟ ْﻔ ٍ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬
‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌ ُﺖ(‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ْ ) :‬اﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ(‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ﱠو ً‬
‫ﻻ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤‬‬

‫ﻮن َﻟ ْﻔ ُﻆ )ﺑِ ْﻌﺖ( ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ِل‬

‫) ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ(‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺖ(‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻻ‪َ .‬وﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِ َﻴ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫إﻳﺠﺎﺑًﺎ‪َ ،‬و) ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ( َﻗ ُﺒﻮ ً‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِﻊِ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻚ واﻟﺘﱠﻤ ﱡﻠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َو َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ َﻟ ْﻔﻆ ُﻳﻨْﺒِ ُﺊ َﻋ ْﻦ إﻧ َْﺸﺎء اﻟﺘ ْﱠﻤﻠ َ َ‬
‫ﻴﺖ( َأ ْو َأ ْﻣ َﺜ ُﺎل‬‫) َأ ْﻋ َﻄ ْﻴ ُﺖ َأ ْو َﻣ ﱠﻠ ْﻜ ُﺖ( َو َﻗ ْﻮ ِل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ) :‬أ َﺧ ْﺬ ُت َأ ْو َﺗ َﻤ ﱠﻠ ْﻜ ُﺖ َأ ْو َر ِﺿ ُ‬

‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪".‬‬
‫‪َ .١٧٠‬ﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ ِﺼﻴ َﻐ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ِع َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ إ َذا ُأ ِرﻳﺪَ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ُﺎل َﻛـ) َأﺑِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َو َأ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮي(‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َوإِ َذا ُأ ِرﻳﺪَ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﺎل َﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ َوﺳ َﺄ ْﺷﺘ َِﺮي( َﻻ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ِ .١٧١‬ﺻﻴ َﻐ ُﺔ ِاﻻﺳﺘِ ْﻘﺒ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ﻫ َﻲ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﻋﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮد ﻣ ْﺜ ُﻞ ) َﺳ َﺄﺑِ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪َ .١٧٢‬ﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ ِﺼﻴ َﻐ ِﺔ ْاﻷَ ْﻣ ِﺮ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ َﻛـ)ﺑِ ْﻊ َو ْاﺷﺘ َِﺮ(‪،‬‬

‫ﺤﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪،‬‬

‫ﺎل َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻖ ِاﻻ ْﻗﺘِ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﱠإﻻ إ َذا َد ﱠﻟ ْﺖ ﺑِ َﻄ ِﺮ ِ‬

‫اﻫ ِﻢ( َو َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘُﻚ(‪،‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻲء ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ر ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﻨﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥‬‬

‫َﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪،‬‬

‫َأﻣﺎ َﻟﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ُ ) :‬ﺧ ْﺬ ﻫﺬا ا ْﻟﻤ َﺎل ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ر ِ‬
‫اﻫ ِﻢ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ َء ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪:‬‬

‫) َأ َﺧ ْﺬ ُﺗﻪ(‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ) :‬أ َﺧ ْﺬت َﻫ َﺬا ﱠ‬

‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﷲ ُﻳ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ُك َﻟﻚ( َو َأ ْﻣ َﺜﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن َﻗ ْﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ‪ُ ) :‬ﺧ ْﺬ ُه(‪َ ،‬و) َا ُ‬ ‫) ُﺧ ْﺬ ُه(‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ ) :‬‬
‫ُﻳ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ُك( َﻫ ُﻬﻨَﺎ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ‪َ ) :‬ﻫﺎ َأﻧَﺎ َذا ﺑِ ْﻌﺖ َﻓ ُﺨ ْﺬ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜﺎ َﺗ َﺒ ِﺔ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮل ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺸﺎ َﻓ َﻬ ِﺔ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬ ‫ﻮن ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫‪ .١٧٣‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫‪َ .١٧٤‬ﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺮو َﻓ ِﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻸَ ْﺧ َﺮ ِ‬
‫س‪.‬‬

‫اﺿﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺮ َﻓ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﻴﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ‬ ‫ﻮل ُﻫﻮ َﺗﺮ ِ‬

‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫‪ .١٧٥‬ﺑِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ِﺼﺪَ ْاﻷَ ْﺻﻠِﻲ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﺿﻲ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ َﻫ َﺬا َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﺎﻃِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻤﺒﺎد َﻟ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ِﻔﻌﻠِﻴ ِﺔ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﱠﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ ُ ُ َ َ‬
‫اﻫ ِﻢ َﻓ ُﻴ ْﻌﻄِ َﻴ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﺒ ُﺎز ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ار ًا‬
‫ﺎز ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ار ًا ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ر ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣِ َﺜ ُﺎل َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ :‬أ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺨ ﱠﺒ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧‬‬

‫ﺎب َو َﻗ ُﺒ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻮل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ْﺒ ِﺰ ﺑِﺪُ ون َﺗ َﻠ ﱡﻔﻆ ﺑِﺈِ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻠ َﻌ َﺔ َو َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜ َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َأ ْو َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄ َﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ َﺟﺎ َء َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َﺑﺎﺋ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﺤﻨْ َﻄﺔ َو َد َﻓ َﻊ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َدﻧَﺎﻧ َﻴﺮ َو َﻗ َﺎل‪) :‬ﺑِ َﻜ ْﻢ َﺗﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩‬‬

‫َﺎر( َﻓﺴ َﻜ َﺖ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﻃ َﻠﺐ ﻣِﻨْﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ ِ ِ‬

‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄﺔَ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣ ْﻦ َﻫﺬه ا ْﻟﺤﻨْ َﻄﺔ؟( َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪) :‬ﺑِﺪﻳﻨ ٍ َ‬
‫ﺎب‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ َﻏﺪ ًا( َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ َوإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺠ ِﺮ َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ َﻤﺎ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪ُ ) :‬أ ْﻋﻄِﻴﻚ إ ﱠﻳ َ‬

‫‪۷۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫َﺎر وﻧِﺼ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ .‬وﻓِﻲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮرة َﻟ ْﻮ َﺗ َﺮ ﱠﻗﻰ ﺳ ْﻌ ُﺮ ُﻣﺪﱢ ا ْﻟﺤﻨْ َﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺪ إ َﻟﻰ دﻳﻨ ٍ َ ْ‬
‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ُ َ‬
‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ ﺑِ ِﺴ ْﻌ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱢ ﺑِ ِﺪﻳﻨ ٍ‬
‫َﺎر َوﻛ ََﺬا ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺲ َﻟ ْﻮ َر ُﺧ َﺼ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺒﺮ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ إ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ َُ َ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ُﺔ َو َﺗﺪَ ﻧ ْﱠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺎ ُﺗﻬﺎ َا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ ْﺠ ُﺒﻮ ٌر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻗ ُﺒﻮﻟ ِ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ِل‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ ِ‬

‫ﺐ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬
‫وش ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﺠﺎﻧِ ِ‬
‫ﺎب‪) :‬ا ْﻗ َﻄ ْﻊ ﻟِﻲ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ ُﻏ ُﺮ ٍ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻘ ﱠﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠‬‬

‫ﺎب اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﺤ َﻢ َو َو ْز َﻧ ُﻪ َو َأ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُه إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ﱠ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺎة(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﻄ َﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﺼ ُ‬
‫َﺎع ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻗ ُﺒﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺧ ِﺬ ِه‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي اﻻ ْﻣﺘﻨ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺼ ِﻪ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺪ ِه َأو َﺗﻨ ِْﻘ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪ .١٧٦‬إ َذا َﺗ َﻜﺮر َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِ َﺘﺒ ِﺪﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ َأو َﺗ ْﺰﻳِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫ﱠَ‬
‫ﺎد ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ َﺒﺎ َﻳ َﻌﺎ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬
‫ﻻ ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏﺮش ُﺛﻢ ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﺗ َﺒﺎ َﻳ َﻊ َر ُﺟ َﻼن َﻣﺎ ً َ ْ‬
‫َﺎر َأ ْو ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ َو َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ٍة َأ ْو ِﺗِ ْﺴ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘـ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل ﺑِ ِﺪﻳﻨ ٍ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬اﻹﻳﺠﺎب واﻟ َﻘ ُﺒﻮل ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن َﻳ ْﺤ ُﺼ َﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱢﻠ ْﻐ َﺮاف َ‬

‫واﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﺮاء اﻟﻤﺎل )ﺟﺴﺘﺔ ﺟﺴﺘﺔ( ﻗﻠﻴﻼً ﻗﻠﻴﻼً ﰲ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ اﻟﺬي َﺳ َﻴ َﺘﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ .‬وﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬا ﺑﻴﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺮار‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ٌ‬

‫‪۷۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ‫ﻮل ﻟِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻺ َ‬ ‫ﺎن ُﻟﺰُو ِم ﻣ َﻮا َﻓ َﻘ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺐ َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ َﺷﻲ ٍء ﺑِ َﺸﻲ ٍء َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﻟ ِ ِﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻗ ُﺒ ُ‬

‫ﻮل ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِ ِﺪ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫‪ .١٧٧‬إ َذا َأ ْو َﺟ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺎب َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺗ ْﺒ ِﻌ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺜ ﱠﻤ ِﻦ َو َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺮﻳ ُﻘ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎﺑِ ِﻖ ﻟ ْﻺِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬

‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش( َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﻗﺒِ َﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ُﺮوحِ َأ َﺧ َﺬ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب َﺟ ِﻤﻴ َﻌ ُﻪ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ‬

‫َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ َﻞ َﺟ ِﻤﻴ َﻌ ُﻪ َأ ْو ﻧِ ْﺼ َﻔ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ف ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪،‬‬ ‫وﻛ ََﺬا َﻟﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﺑِﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫ َﺬﻳ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺮﺳﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َآﻻ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢‬‬

‫ﻒ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ف‪ ،‬و َﻟﻴﺲ َﻟﻪ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ َأﺣﺪَ ُﻫﻤﺎ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ٍ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺮﺳﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َآﻻ ٍ‬
‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎب ِﺿ ْﻤﻨًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .١٧٨‬ﺗ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ ﻣﻮا َﻓ َﻘ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺒ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮل ﻟ ْﻺِ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪:‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪) :‬ﺑِﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟﻤ َﺎل ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش‪ .‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻮ‬ ‫ﻒ و َﺧﻤ ِﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏﺮش(‪ ،‬ا ْﻧﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫) ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨْﻚ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ َ ْ‬
‫ﺲ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِ َﻴ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد َة ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬‫َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ﱢ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َزا َد َﻫﺎ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‬ ‫وﻛ ََﺬا َﻟﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ِ ْﻠﺒﺎﺋِﻊِ‪ْ ) :‬اﺷﺘَﺮﻳﺖ ﻣِﻨْﻚ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟﻤ َﺎل ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘﻪ ﻣِﻨْﻚ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻤﺎﻧِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬ﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗﻨ ِْﺰ ُﻳﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺎ َﺋ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬

‫ﻒ‪.‬‬‫ْاﻷَ ْﻟ ِ‬

‫ٍ ِ ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫‪ .١٧٩‬إ َذا َأوﺟﺐ َأﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﺒﺎﻳِﻌﻴ ِﻦ ا ْﻟﺒ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َدة ﺑِ َﺼ ْﻔ َﻘﺔ َواﺣﺪَ ة‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻮا ٌء ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫ُ َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺛ َﻤﻨًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺣﺪَ ة َأ ْم َﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠِ ْﻶ َﺧ ِﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ َﻞ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ َﺟﻤ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ‬

‫‪۷۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ َﻞ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َء ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻋ ﱢﻴ َﻦ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻔ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻖ‬

‫اﻟﺼ ْﻔ َﻘ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ف ِﻏﺮش‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا‬ ‫ﻌﺖ َﻫ َﺬﻳ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺮﺳﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َآﻻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ُ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎل اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤‬‬

‫ﻠﻠﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ ِ‬

‫أن‬ ‫ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻴ ِﻦ(‪ ،‬أو َﻗ َﺎل‪) :‬ﻛُﻞ َواﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ وﺧﻤﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻏﺮش(‪ ،‬ﻓ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟ َﻔﺮﺳﻴﻦ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ آﻻف ِﻏﺮش‪ ،‬و َﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ُ‬
‫أﺧﺬ أﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻦ اﻟﺬي ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻦ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‬

‫وﻛﺬا َﻟﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِﻌﺖ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَ ْﺛﻮاب اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ َﺔ ﻛ ﱠُﻞ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺒِ ْﻠﺖ َأ َﺣﺪَ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش( َأ ْو )ﻛِ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎ َﺋﺘ َْﻲ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪".‬‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ َﺛ َﻤﻨًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪَ ﺗِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬

‫‪َ .١٨٠‬ﻟﻮ َذﻛَﺮ َأﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﺒﺎﻳِﻌﻴ ِﻦ َأ ْﺷﻴﺎء ﻣ َﺘﻌﺪﱢ د ًة‪ ،‬وﺑﻴﻦ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ َ َ َﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َْ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬
‫إﻳﺠﺎﺑًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ َﺑ ْﻌ َﻀ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ َﻟ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َو َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ ﻟ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻻﻧْﻔ َﺮاد َ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪.‬‬‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﻓ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َذﻛ ََﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َد ًة َو َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺛ َﻤﻨًﺎ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪَ ٍة‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱠَﺮ َر‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٦‬‬

‫ﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮل‪) :‬ﺑِﻌﺖ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ٍ‬ ‫اد‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺄ ْن َﻳ ُﻘ َ‬‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣِﻨْﻬﻤﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِاﻻﻧ ِْﻔﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ و ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫َﻟ ْﻔ َﻆ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬
‫َوﺑِ ْﻌﺖ َﻫ َﺬا ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻴ ِﻦ(‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ َﻞ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ َأ ﱠﻳ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ َﺷﺎ َء ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬

‫ُﻋ ﱢﻴ َﻦ َﻟ ُﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪۷۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ َﻣ ْﺠ ِﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫ﺎع ا ْﻟ َﻮاﻗِ ُﻊ ﻟ ِ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫‪َ .١٨١‬ﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ُﺲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ُﻫ َﻮ اﻻ ْﺟﺘ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎب إ َﻟﻰ ِ‬
‫آﺧ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫ﺎر َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫‪ .١٨٢‬ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﺒﺎﻳِﻌ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺐ َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﺒﺎﻳِ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن َﻗ َﺎل‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺖ َﻫ َﺬا‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْو َﺟ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٧‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل(‪َ ،‬أ ْو ) ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ(‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻘ ْﻞ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻮ ِر‪ْ ) :‬اﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ( َأ ْو )ﺑِ ْﻌﺖ(‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ‬

‫ﺲ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َوإِ ْن َﻃﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ُة‪.‬‬ ‫اﺧﻴًﺎ َﻗﺒ َﻞ اﻧْﺘِﻬ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻣﺘَﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫‪ .١٨٣‬ﻟﻮ َﺻﺪَ َر ﻣِﻦ َأﺣﺪ اﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ِ‬
‫اﻹﻳﺠﺎب وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﻗﻮل أو ﻓﻌﻞ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫اﻹﻋﺮاض ﺑﻄﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎب‪ ،‬و ﻻ ﻋﱪة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮل اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺖ(‪ ،‬واﺷﺘﻐﻞ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎل أﺣﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﻴﻦ‪) :‬ﺑِ ُ‬
‫ﻌﺖ( و )اﺷ َﺘ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٨‬‬

‫ﺎب‪ ،‬وﻻ ِﻋ ْﺒ َﺮة ﺑِﺎﻟ َﻘﺒﻮل‬

‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻣﺮ آﺧﺮ أو ﺑﻜﻼم أﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻻ َﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ٍ‬

‫اﻟﻮاﻗِﻊ ﺑﻌﺪَ ه وﻟﻮ َﻗ َﺒﻞ اﻧﻔﻀﺎض اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ‪.‬‬

‫َ‬
‫ﺎب‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬ ‫ﻮل َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ﺎب َو َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫‪َ .١٨٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ َر َﺟ َﻊ َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﺒﺎﻳِ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ْ ِ‬

‫ﺲ َﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﻮل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺒِ ْﻠ ُﺖ(‪،‬‬

‫َﺎع ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻘ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺖ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻤﺘ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٩‬‬

‫َر َﺟ َﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫ﻮل ﻳﺒﻄِ ُﻞ ْاﻷَو َل‪ ،‬وﻳﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ُ ْ َُ‬ ‫ﺎب َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .١٨٥‬ﺗ ْﻜ َﺮ ُار ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻲ َء ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻫ َﺬا ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ْ ِ ِْ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻠ ْﻮ ﻗﺎل اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ ﻟﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘَﺮي‪) :‬ﺑ ْﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫﺬا ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٠‬‬

‫ﻮل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺒِ ْﻠﺖ(‪َ ،‬ر َﺟ َﻊ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘُﻚ إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ َو ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‬
‫َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻘ َ‬

‫‪۷٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎب ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪َ ،‬و َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣِﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺠ ُ‬ ‫ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﻐﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫َو ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۷٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
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‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺸﺮط‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ٌﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١٨٦‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط َﻳ ْﻘﺘَﻀﻴﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ َو ﱠ‬

‫ﻴﻊ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘﺒِ َﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻬ َﺬا ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط َﻻ َﻳ ُﻀ ﱡﺮ‬ ‫ﺎع ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣١‬‬

‫ﺎن ﻟ ِ ُﻤ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺑ َﻴ ٌ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ٌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ َو ﱠ‬ ‫‪ .١٨٧‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﻳﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪَ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ط َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺮ َﻫ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻜ ُﻔ َﻞ َﻟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ ﺑﺎع ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٢‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮ ُط ﻣﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ًا‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ إ َذا َﻟﻢ ﻳ ِ‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻮن ﱠ ْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ َﻞ َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ َط ُﻣ َﺆ ﱢﻳﺪٌ ﻟِﻠﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ط َﻓﻠِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ف َﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ ا ْﻟ ﱠﺸ َ‬ ‫ط ﻣ َﺘﻌﺎر ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط‬‫ﻴﺢ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫ﺮط ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺮﻋ ﱠﻲ ﻓﻲ ُﻋ ْﺮف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ة َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫‪ .١٨٨‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮ ُ َ َ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ٌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻂ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ اﻟ ﱢﻈ َﻬ َﺎرةَ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﻔ َﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻤ َﺮ ُه ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ‫ﺨ َ‬‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎع ا ْﻟ َﻔﺮو َة َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٣‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫وط‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْو اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺮ ﱢﻗ َﻌ ُﻪ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻮ َﻓﺎ ُء ﺑِ َﻬﺬه ﱡ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ِﻷَ َﺣ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ َﻧ ْﻔ ٌﻊ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط َﻟ ْﻐ ٌﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ط َﻟﻴﺲ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫‪ .١٨٩‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮ ْ َ‬
‫ان َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻻ ﻳﺒِﻴﻌﻪ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﻵ َﺧﺮ‪َ ،‬أو َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ط َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺮ ِﺳ َﻠ ُﻪ إ َﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً ﺑﻴﻊ ا ْﻟﺤﻴﻮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ َُ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ َ ََ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٤‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط َﻟ ْﻐ ٌﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺮ َﻋﻰ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ َو ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫واﻟﺸﺮط ُﻣﻌﺘﱪٌ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِ َﺸﺮط اﻟﻨﱠﻔ ِﻊ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ِم ﻷَﺣﺪ اﻟ َﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ َﺻ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗِﺪﻳﻦ‪ :‬ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑِ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺮط اﻟﺬي َﻟﻪ َﻧ ْﻔﻊ ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮم ﻷَ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺬي َﻟﻪ َﻧ ٌ‬
‫ﻔﻊ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ َْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ا ْﻟ ﱠﺸ ُ‬

‫‪۷٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬وا ْﻟ ﱠﺸﺮط ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘﱪٌ‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌﻠﻮ ٌم ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺎت ﺑِ َﺸﺮط ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﺋِ ِﻊ اﻟﺤﻴﻮا َﻧ ِ‬
‫أن َﻳﻨْ َﺘﻔﻊ ﺑِﻪ ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬أو ﺑِ َﺸﺮط َﻧ ْﻘ ُﻞ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ َﺮى‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٥‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﺸ ُ‬
‫ﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪٌ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ َﺻ ٌ‬ ‫إِﻟﻰ َﻣﻨْ ِﺰﻟﻪ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮم ﺑِﻬﺬه ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي إِ َذا َﻗﺪﱠ م َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ َﻣ ْﺒ َﻠﻐًﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮط ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺴﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ إِﻟﻰ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬و َأ َﺧ َﺬ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫ُﻣﻌ ﱠﻴﻨًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬وإذا اﻣﺘﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻋﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺴﺐ ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬وإذا اﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻠﻜًﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﲠﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪٌ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ُﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺈن اﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮوط إذا َﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑِ ُﻤﻘ َﺘﻀﻰ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪ أو ُﻣﺆﻳﺪ ًة ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أو‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪٌ ‪َ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬه ﱡ‬‫َﻓ ِ‬

‫ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎرﻓﺔ‪ ،‬إذا ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط واﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎن‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺸﺮط َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮط ﻣﺴ َﺘ ِﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ٌ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻳﻘﻊ َ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﺸ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٦‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻟﻠ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ أو ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﺑِﻴﻊ ﱡ‬
‫أي ﺷﻲء ﺑﺸﺮﻃـ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄن ُﻳﻌﻄﻲ ُ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي َﻣﺒ َﻠ َﻐًﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎل َﻗﺮﺿًﺎ أو ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺷﻴﺌًﺎ‪ ،‬ﲠﺬا اﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﺎﺳﺪٌ واﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ٌ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺨﻼف‬ ‫ﺤﻖ ﺑﺄِ�َﺻﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ُذﻛِﺮت ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ َﺗﻠ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﱡ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺤﻖ ﺑِﺄﺻﻞ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬وﺗﻜﻮن َﻟ ْﻐ َﻮ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻻ َﺗﻠ َﺘ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻣِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺰ‪َ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ‪ :‬إذا اﻋﻄﻰ ُ‬ ‫ﺑﺠ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮط ﻟﻴﺲ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﺒ َﻴﻊ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻊ‪ُ ،‬ﻳﺤﺴﺐ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ َﻣ ْﺒ َﻠ َﻐًﺎ ُﻣﻌﻴﻨًﺎ َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ و َأ َﺧ َﺬ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪۷۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ُﻋ ﱢﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ واﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﻌﺘﱪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۷۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﰲ إﻗﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺎد ِه‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪ .١٩٠‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﻌﺎﻗﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ َأ ْن َﻳ َﺘ َﻘﺎ َﻳ َﻼ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ﺑِ ِﺮ َﺿ ُ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ﺑِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻹ َ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .١٩١‬‬
‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ) :‬أ َﻗ ْﻠﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َأ ْو َﻓ َﺴ ْﺨﺘﻪ( َو َﻗ َﺎل ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺒِ ْﻠﺖ(‪َ ،‬أ ْو‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٧‬‬

‫َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪُ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ َﺧ ِﺮ‪َ ) :‬أﻗِ ْﻠﻨِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ( َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺪْ َﻓ َﻌ ْﻠ ُﺖ(‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﺤ ْﺖ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ‬

‫َو َﻳﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﺤ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬

‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﺎﻃِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺋِ ِﻢ َﻣ َﻘﺎ َم ْ ِ‬
‫‪ِ ْ .١٩٢‬‬
‫ﻮل َﺻﺤ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ .١٩٣‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ﱢﺗ َﺤﺎ ُد ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﺎب‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫ﻮل ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ِْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن ُﻳ َ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٨‬‬

‫) َأ َﻗ ْﻠﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ َﻞ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ ا ْﻧ َﻔ ﱠﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ُﺲ َأ ْو َﺻﺪَ َر ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ َﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ َﻤﺎ ﻓِ ْﻌ ٌﻞ‬

‫اض‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ َﻗ ُﺒﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َو َﻻ ُﻳ ِﻔﻴﺪُ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْو َﻗ ْﻮ ٌل َﻳﺪُ ﱡل َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻋ َﺮ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﻗﺎﺋِﻤًﺎ َو َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮد ًا ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َو ْﻗ َﺖ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫‪َ .١٩٤‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻒ َﻻ َﺗ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﻗﺪْ َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻗﺪْ َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻒ َﺻ ﱠﺤ ْﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .١٩٥‬ﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬

‫اﻟﺰ ْر ِع‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َأ ْن َﺣ َﺼﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺰ ْر َع َﺗ َﻘﺎ َﻳ َﻼ‬ ‫ﺎع َأ ْر َﺿ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻣ َﻠ َﻜ َﻬﺎ َﻣ َﻊ ﱠ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٣٩‬‬

‫ض ﺑِ َﻘﺪْ ِر ِﺣ ﱠﺼﺘِ َﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ُﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َﺻ ﱠﺤ ْﺖ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﻗﺎ َﻟ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن َﻣﺎﻧِﻌًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ .١٩٦‬ﻫ َﻼ ُك اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َأ ْي َﺗ َﻠ ُﻔ ُﻪ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗِﺪﻳﻦ َﺗﻜﻮن َﺑﻴﻌًﺎ‪ ،‬وإِن ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ِ :‬‬

‫اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ إذا َأﻣﻜﻦ َﺣ ْﻤ ُﻠﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ُ‬

‫‪۷۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﻳﻤﻜ ُﻦ َﺗﻜﻮن َﻓ ْﺴ َﺨًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ٌ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻊ‪ .‬وﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺷﺮط اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺪ أو اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺺ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﻦ اﻷول ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻴﻌًﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ًا‪ ،‬وﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻀﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻒ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺒﺪﻟﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺴﺨًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫وﰲ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻔﻌ ًﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪۸۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫وط ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َأ ْو َﺻﺎﻓِ ِﻪ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ﱢﻖ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮد ًا‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .١٩٧‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ور اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ْﻘﺪُ َ‬ ‫‪َ .١٩٨‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻻ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻣﺎ ً‬ ‫‪َ .١٩٩‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫‪َ .٢٠٠‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﺎن َأ ْﺣ َﻮاﻟ ِ ِﻪ َو ِﺻ َﻔﺎﺗِ ِﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺗ َﻤ ﱢﻴ ُﺰ ُه َﻋ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٠١‬ﻳ ِﺼﻴﺮ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑِﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ُ َْ‬
‫ﺎن ﺣﺪُ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ود َﻫﺎ َﺻ َﺎر‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ ﻛ ََﺬا ُﻣﺪّ ًا ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟﺤﻨْ َﻄﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ َﺮاء َأ ْو َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ َأ ْرﺿًﺎ َﻣ َﻊ َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٠‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺷ َﺎر ُة إ َﻟﻰ َﻋ ْﻴﻨ ِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺿﺮ ًا ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺣ ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٠٢‬إ َذا ﻛ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻴ َﻮان(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ْ ) :‬اﺷﺘ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ(‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤١‬‬

‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻳ َﺮا ُه‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎﺟ َﺔ ﻟ ِ َﻮ ْﺻ ِﻔ ِﻪ َو َﺗ ْﻌ ِﺮ ِﻳﻔ ِﻪ ﺑِ َﻮ ْﺟ ٍﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪َ .٢٠٣‬ﻳ ْﻜﻔﻲ ﻛ َْﻮ ُن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ ﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﺣ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻋﻴﻨًﺎ َﻳﺘﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﺑِﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻪ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٠٤‬إِذا ﻛﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬

‫‪۸۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ(‪ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ اﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺑﺈِ َﺷﺎر ِة ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺖ ﻫﺬه ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ﱢﺲ‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل‪) :‬أﻧﺎ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٢‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي إذن ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ُﻳﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وإﻻ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز أن ُﻳﺒﺪﱢ ل‬

‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪه‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻠﻲ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﺑﺎع ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻠﻮ دﻛﺎﻧﻪ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٣‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ َﺣﻖ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا ﺑﺎع أي واﺣﺪ ﺣﻖ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤ ٍﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑ ّﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٤‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪاره وأوﺻﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪۸۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻮز ﺑﻴﻌﻪ و ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز‬

‫‪َ .٢٠٥‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﺪُ و ِم َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫َﻓ َﻴ ْﺒ ُﻄ ُﻞ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﺛ َﻤ َﺮ ٍة َﻟ ْﻢ َﺗ ْﺒ ُﺮ ْز َأ ْﺻﻼً‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٥‬‬

‫‪ .٢٠٦‬اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﺮ ُة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺑ َﺮ َز ْت َﺟ ِﻤﻴ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ َو ِﻫ َﻲ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺷ َﺠ ِﺮ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻮا ٌء ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﺻﺎﻟ ِ َﺤ ًﺔ‬
‫ﻟِ ْ َ‬
‫ﻸ ْﻛ ِﻞ َأ ْم َﻻ‪.‬‬

‫اﺣﺪَ ةً‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء‪،‬‬

‫‪ .٢٠٧‬ﻣﺎ َﺗﺘ ََﻼﺣ ُﻖ َأ ْﻓﺮاده ﻳﻌﻨِﻲ َأ ْن َﻻ ﻳﺒﺮ َز د ْﻓﻌ ًﺔ و ِ‬
‫َُْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُُ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ َﺮ َز َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻣﺎ َﺳ َﻴ ْﺒ ُﺮ ُز‬ ‫ﺎر وا ْﻟﻮر ِق وا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻀﺮاو ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ات إ َذا ﻛ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﻔ َﻮاﻛﻪ َو ْاﻷَ ْز َﻫ ِ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٦‬‬

‫اﺣﺪَ ٍة‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ َز َﺗﺒﻌًﺎ َﻟﻪ ﺑِﺼ ْﻔ َﻘ ٍﺔ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ََ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻨ ِ‬
‫ْﺲ َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎع َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ َو َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ ِﺟﻨ َْﺴ ُﻪ َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫‪ .٢٠٨‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬

‫ﺎع ُز َﺟﺎﺟًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ُ‬

‫ﺎس َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٧‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ور اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٢٠٩‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ َﻣ ْﻘﺪُ ِ‬

‫اﺟ َﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﺤ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻛ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺳ ِﻔﻴﻨ ٍَﺔ َﻏ ِﺮ َﻗ ْﺖ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﻤﻜِ ُﻦ ْ‬

‫إﺧ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٨‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْو َﺣ َﻴ َﻮان ﻧَﺎد ٍر َﻻ ُﻳ ْﻤﻜ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻜ ُﻪ َو َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٤٩‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ َﺮا ُء ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬

‫ﱠﺎس َو ﱢ‬ ‫‪َ .٢١٠‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻣﺎ َﻻ ُﻳ َﻌﺪﱡ َﻣﺎ ً‬

‫ﺎع ِﺟﻴ َﻔ ًﺔ‪،‬‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٠‬‬

‫َأ ْو آ َدﻣِ ّﻴًﺎ ُﺣ ّﺮ ًا‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥١‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ َﺮا ُء َﺑﺎﻃِ َﻼ ِن‬ ‫َأ ْو ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى ﺑِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ َﻣﺎ ً‬

‫ﻻ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٢‬‬

‫‪... .٢١١‬‬

‫‪۸۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪... .٢١٢‬‬
‫ﻮل َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪٌ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٢١٣‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﻬ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ِﻫ َﻲ ﻣِ ْﻠﻜِﻲ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪) :‬ﺑِﻌﺘُﻚ ﺟ ِﻤﻴﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٣‬‬

‫ﺎﺳﺪٌ ‪.‬‬‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ف ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ْ ) :‬اﺷﺘ َِﺮ َﻳﻬﺎ(‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫َْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎر ﻣﻤ ُﻠ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻮك َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ‬ ‫‪َ .٢١٤‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﺣ ﱠﺼﺔ َﺷﺎﺋ َﻌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱡﺜ ُﻠﺚ َواﻟﻨ ْﱢﺼﻒ َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮ ﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﻘ ٍ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫ﻴﺢ‪.‬‬‫اﻹ ْﻓ َﺮ ِاز‪َ ،‬ﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋِﻌ ِﺔ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٢١٥‬ﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟﺤ ﱠﺼﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣﺔ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ُﺮور‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻛﱠﺪة ﻛﻤﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬا اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء َﺗﺒِﻌًﺎ ﻟ ِﻠ َﻘﻨﻮات َﺟ ٌ‬ ‫‪َ .٢١٦‬ﺑﻴﻊ َ‬
‫رض أو َﻋ َﻠﻰ اِ ِﻧﻔ َﺮاد َﺟ ٌ‬
‫ﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈن َﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ َﺗﺒِﻌًﺎ ﻟﻸَ ِ‬ ‫وﺣﻖ اﻟ ﱢﺸﺮب‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺨ ُﻠﻮ )ﺑﺸﺘﻤﺎﻟﻠﻖ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻴﻦ أﻫﻞ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﻖ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺤﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮة‪ُ :‬‬
‫ﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫َﺟ ٌ‬

‫‪۸٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺎت وا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬرو َﻋ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٢١٧‬ﻛَﻤﺎ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ ﺑﻴﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎت َﻛ ْﻴﻼً َو َو ْزﻧًﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻼت َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُزوﻧَﺎت َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ د ﱠﻳ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ َْ ُ َ‬
‫َوﻋَﺪَ د ًا َو َذ ْرﻋًﺎ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ ُﺟ َﺰاﻓًﺎ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎع ُﺻ ْﺒ َﺮ َة ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٤‬‬

‫َأ ْو ﻛ َْﻮ َم ﺗِ ْﺒ ٍﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٥‬‬

‫آﺟ ﱟﺮ َأ ْو ِﺣ ْﻤ َﻞ ُﻗ َﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﺎش ُﺟ َﺰاﻓًﺎ َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْو ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٦‬‬

‫ﺎع ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳﻜِﻴ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻜ ْﻴ ٍﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻳ ِﺰﻧ ََﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﺤ َﺠ ٍﺮ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َوإِ ْن‬
‫‪َ .٢١٨‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ْﻢ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ َار ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴ ِﻞ َوﺛِ َﻘ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ‪.‬‬

‫َﺎؤ ُه ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺜﻨ ُ‬
‫‪ .٢١٩‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻣﺎ َﺟ َﺎز َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻌ ُﻪ ُﻣﻨْ َﻔ ِﺮد ًا َﺟ َﺎز ْ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﺜﻨَﻰ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ ﻛ ََﺬا ِر ْﻃﻼً َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع َﺛ َﻤ َﺮ َة َﺷ َﺠ َﺮة َو ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٧‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪َ .٢٢٠‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟﻤ َﻘﺪﱠ َرات َﺻ ْﻔ َﻘ ًﺔ َواﺣﺪَ ًة َﻣ َﻊ َﺑ َﻴﺎن َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﻓ ْﺮد َوﻗ ْﺴ ٍﻢ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎع ُﺻ ْﺒ َﺮ َة ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٨‬‬

‫َأ ْو َو ْﺳ َﻖ َﺳ ِﻔﻴﻨ ٍَﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺣ َﻄ ٍ‬

‫ﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٥٩‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫َأ ْو َﻗﻄ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻏﻨ ٍَﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٠‬‬

‫َأ ْو ﻗِ ْﻄ َﻌ ًﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ ُﺟﻮخٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦١‬‬

‫س ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻐﻨ َِﻢ َأ ْو ِذ َرا ٍع ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺎر ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻄ ِ‬

‫ﺐ َأ ْو َر ْأ ٍ‬ ‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ َأ ْو ﻗِﻨْ َﻄ ٍ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠن ﻛ ﱠُﻞ َﻛﻴ ٍﻞ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﺠﻮخِ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا‪َ ،‬ﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪۸٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ود ِه‬
‫ﻴﻦ ﺣﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺬرا ِع وا ْﻟﺠ ِﺮ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺐ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٢٢١‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺤﺪُ ود ﺑِ ﱢ َ َ َ‬
‫َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٢٢‬إﻧ َﱠﻤﺎ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ُر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ َﻘ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻻ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُه‪.‬‬

‫َﺎت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻟﻴﺲ ﻓِﻲ َﺗﺒ ِﻌ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻀ َﻬﺎ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر إ َذا‬ ‫ﻴﻼ ُت َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِد ﱠﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َﺑ ُﺔ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُزوﻧ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٢٢٣‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﻜِ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ﺑِﻴﻊ ﻣِﻨْﻬﺎ ﺟﻤ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َﻗﺪْ ِر َﻫﺎ َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﺳ َﻮا ٌء ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻲ َﺛ َﻤﻨ َُﻬﺎ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َأ ْو ُﺑ ﱢﻴ َﻦ َو ُﻓ ﱢﺼ َﻞ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ْ َ َ ََ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ َﻛ ْﻴ ٍﻞ َأ ْو َﻓ ْﺮ ٍد َأ ْو ِر ْﻃ ٍﻞ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺛ َﻤ ٌﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪَ ٍة‪.‬‬
‫ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إ َذا ُو ِﺟﺪَ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﺗﺎ ّﻣًﺎ َﻟ ِﺰ َم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﻘﺪَ َار‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ْ‬ ‫َوإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ ﻛ َ‬

‫ﺤ ﱠﺼﺘِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﺑِ ِ‬

‫َْ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ُة ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫َوإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َزاﺋِﺪ ًا َﻓ ﱢ‬

‫ﻮن َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ‬ ‫ﺎع ُﺻ ْﺒ َﺮ َة ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٍﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ‬

‫ﻮن َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ َأ ْو َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٢‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ‬‫وش َأ ْي ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َو ْﻗ َﺖ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻌ َﺸ َﺮ ِة ُﻗ ُﺮ ٍ‬

‫َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ َﻟ ِﺰ َم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َﺧ ْﻤﺴًﺎ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ْ‬

‫إن‬

‫َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻤ َﺴﺔ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬

‫اﻟﺰاﺋِﺪَ ُة ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َﺧ ْﻤﺴًﺎ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ َﻛ ْﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻤ ُﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﻴ َﻼ ُت ﱠ‬
‫ﺾ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ُﺔ ﺑﻴ َﻀ ٍﺔ َأو َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ُﺔ ﺑﻴ َﻀ ٍﺔ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ﺑﻴ َﻀ ٍﺔ ﺑِﻨِﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎع َﺳ َﻔ َﻂ َﺑ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٣‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ ﺗِ ْﺴ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻀ ًﺔ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ‬

‫ِﻏ ْﺮش ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ َﻓﺈِ ْن َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ْت ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫‪۸٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺲ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪ ،‬إ َذا‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ﺗِ ْﺴ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻀ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ٍ‬‫ْ‬

‫اﻟﺰاﺋِﺪَ ُة ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻇﻬﺮ ْت ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ٌﺔ و َﻋ ْﺸﺮ ﺑﻴ َﻀ ٍ‬

‫ﺎت َﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ َﺸ َﺮ ُة ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ ُﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ُﺮوحِ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎع ِز ﱠق َﺳ ْﻤ ٍﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ُﺔ ِر ْﻃ ٍﻞ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٤‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﻴﻀﻬﺎ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر‪ ،‬و ُﺑ ﱢﻴﻦ ﻣِﻘﺪار َﻣﺠﻤﻮعٍ‪ ،‬و ُذﻛِﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫‪ .٢٢٤‬إذا ﺑِﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧَﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﰲ َﺗ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮعِ‪ ،‬و َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻋﻨﺪَ اﻟﺘﱠﺴﻠﻴﻢ أﻧّﻪ ﺗﺎ ّم‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ َﻻ ِزﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻦ إِذا‬
‫ﺛﻤ ُﻦ ﻫﺬا َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وإِذا ﺷﺎء َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ﻣِﻦ‬ ‫ﺺ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ :‬إِذا َﺷﺎء َ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ أﻧّﻪ ﻧَﺎﻗ ٌ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬وﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺈن رﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺠﻤﻮ ِع ِﺣ ﱠﺼﺘﻪ ﻣِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا َ‬
‫َﺷﺮط‪ .‬وإذا َﻇ َﻬﺮ أﻧﻪ زاﺋﺪٌ ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﱠ‬
‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ واﻟﻤﺸﱰي‬

‫ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮان‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﺗﺮك اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻣﺠﺎﻧًﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ِﺧﻴﺎر‬

‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ .‬وإذا اﺗﻔﻖ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ إﻋﻄﺎء اﻟﻌﻮض ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﱢ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ًا‪.‬‬

‫ﺮر ﺑِ ِﻤ ْﻘﺪَ ٍار َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم َﻣﻊ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﻮ ُزو َﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ َﺗ ْﺒﻌﻴﻀﻬﺎ َﺿ ٌ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻮع ﻣﻦ َ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َ‬‫‪ .٢٢٥‬إذا ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﺎن َأ ْﻗ َﺴﺎﻣِﻬﺎ َو َأ ْﺟ َﺰاﺋﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺤﻜﻢ َﻫﺬا اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻢ ﺳﻮا ًء َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﻛﺎﻣِﻼً‪ ،‬أو‬
‫ﺑ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﻧﺎﻗِ َﺼًﺎ‪ ،‬أو َزاﺋﺪ ًا‪ ،‬ﻛﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻵﻧﻔﺔ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪... .٢٢٦‬‬

‫ﺎو َﺗ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﺑ ﱢﻴ َﻦ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮ ِع‬ ‫‪ .٢٢٧‬إ َذا ﺑِﻴﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻌﺪَ ِدﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ ٌ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﺗﺎ ّﻣًﺎ َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻟ ِﺰ َم‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ َأ ْو َزاﺋِﺪ ًا‬
‫َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺼﻮر َﺗﻴ ِﻦ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﱡ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻛ َ َْ ُ‬

‫‪۸۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻒ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ‬ ‫ﻮن ر ْأﺳًﺎ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ٍ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻏﻨ ٍَﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻗﻄ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٥‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ َﺧﻤﺴ ًﺔ و َأرﺑ ِﻌﻴﻦ ر ْأﺳًﺎ َأو َﺧﻤﺴ ًﺔ و َﺧﻤ ِﺴﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪٌ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠ ِ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اد ِه‪،‬‬
‫ﺎد ِه و َأ ْﻓﺮ ِ‬
‫آﺣ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن َ‬ ‫ﺎو َﺗ ِﺔ َو ُﺑ ﱢﻴ َﻦ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار ُه َو َأ ْﺛ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٢٢٨‬إ َذا ﺑِﻴﻊ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻌﺪَ ِدﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ ٌ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﺗﺎ ّﻣًﺎ َﻟ ِﺰ َم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬وا َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﺤ ﱠﺼﺘِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫إن َﺷﺎء َﺗﺮ َك‪ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎء َأ َﺧ َﺬ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪْ ر ﺑِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫َوإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َزاﺋﺪ ًا ﻛ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺎة ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ‬
‫ﻮن َﺷﺎ ًة ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﺷ ٍ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻏﻨ ٍَﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻗﻄ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٦‬‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﺗ َﺮ َك‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ‬‫ﻴﻊ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ًﺔ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ َﺷﺎ ًة ُﺧ ﱢﻴ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻘﻄ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ َﺷﺎ ًة ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻴ ِﻦ َوﻣِﺎ َﺋ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ َو َﺧ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ًﺔ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﺧ ْﻤﺴﻴ َﻦ َر ْأﺳًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ َﻘ ِﺔ إ َذا َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻮا ﱢد ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ َر ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ُﻳ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ﻓ َ‬
‫إن ﱡ‬‫‪ .٢٢٩‬ﱠ‬
‫ﺺ َﻻ ُﻳ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ َﻊ ﻋ ْﻠﻤﻪ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻧَﺎﻗ ٌ‬

‫‪۸۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺪون ذﻛﺮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ و ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬

‫ت ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﻣ ْﺸﺘ َِﻤ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٢٣٠‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻣﺎ َﺟ َﺮى ُﻋ ْﺮ ُ َ‬
‫َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‪.‬‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻄ َﺒ ُﺦ واﻟﻜﻴﻼر‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٧‬‬

‫ُﻮن ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ؛‬

‫اﻟﺰﻳﺘ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوﻓﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺣﺪﻳ َﻘﺔ َز ْﻳﺘُﻮن َﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ َأ ْﺷ َﺠ ُﺎر ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٨‬‬

‫اﻟﺰﻳﺘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ُﻮن ُﺗ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْر ٍ‬
‫ض‬ ‫ﻷَ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻄ َﺒ َﺦ واﻟﻜﻴﻼر ﻣ ْﻦ ُﻣ ْﺸﺘَﻤ َﻼت اﻟﺪﱠ ِار َو َﺣﺪﻳ َﻘ ُﺔ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ُﻮن(‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُﻮن َﻓ َﻼ ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل ِﻷَ ْر ٍ‬
‫ض َﺧﺎﻟِﻴ ٍﺔ )ﺣ ِﺪﻳ َﻘ ُﺔ َزﻳﺘ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺘ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺤﺘ َِﻮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْﺷ َﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫َﺎن ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٍء ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َأ ْي َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﻞ ِاﻻﻧ ِْﻔ َﻜ َ‬
‫ﺎك َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻧ َﻈﺮ ًا إ َﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪َ .٢٣١‬ﻣﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫ض ِاﻻ ْﺷﺘِﺮ ِاء ﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ون ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‬ ‫َﻏ َﺮ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺎﺣ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ُﻗ ْﻔ ٌﻞ َد َﺧ َﻞ ﻣ ْﻔﺘ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٦٩‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫وإِ َذا ْاﺷﺘَﺮﻳﺖ ﺑ َﻘﺮ ًة ﺣ ُﻠﻮﺑًﺎ ِﻷَﺟ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻠﺒ ِﻦ ﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ َﻓ ُﻠﻮ َﻫﺎ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺿ ُ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٠‬‬

‫ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ون ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٢٣٢‬ﺗﻮاﺑِﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﺘ ِﱠﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َِﻘﺮ ُة َﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ َﺗﺒﻌًﺎ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً إ َذا ﺑِﻴ َﻌ ْﺖ َد ٌار َد َﺧ َﻞ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﻗ َﻔ ُﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤ َﺮ ُة َواﻟﺪﱠ َواﻟ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺐ‪َ ،‬أ ْي ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ُﺰ ُن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧١‬‬

‫اﺧ ُﻞ‬ ‫َﺎن ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻫﻮ د ِ‬

‫ش‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُﺒ ْﺴﺘ ُ‬‫ﻮف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤ َﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌﺪﱠ ُة ﻟ ِ َﻮ ْﺿ ِﻊ ُﻓ ُﺮ ٍ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َِﻘ ﱠﺮ ُة َواﻟﺪﱡ ُﻓ ُ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﺧ َﻠ ُﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻻ َﺗﻨْ ُﻔ ُﺬ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻖ ا ْﻟﻌﺎم‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺪﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﺣﺪُ ود اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﺮ ُق ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻮ ﱢﺻ َﻠ ُﺔ إ َﻟﻰ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ِ َ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﺳ ُﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﺗ ْﺴﺘَﻘ ﱠﺮ؛ ﻷَ ﱠن َﺟﻤ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫َوﻓﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ َﺻﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺠ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٢‬‬

‫ون ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ َو َﻻ َﺗ ْﺼ ِﺮﻳﺢٍ ‪.‬‬

‫ات َﻻ ُﺗ ْﻔﺼ ُﻞ َﻋﻦ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘَﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬﻛُﻮر ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۸۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ت ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َﻻ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻮاﺑِ ِﻌ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺘ ِﱠﺼ َﻠ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َِﻘ ﱠﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻮن ﻣِﻦ ﻣ ْﺸﺘ َِﻤ َﻼ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٢٣٣‬ﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫ف ﺑِ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻌ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٍء ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﺗ ْﺠ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ُة َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْﺬﻛ َْﺮ َو ْﻗ َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻊِ‪.‬‬

‫ف ﺑِ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻌ ِﻪ َﺗ َﺒﻌًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻓ َﻴﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ‬

‫َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻣﺎ َﺟ َﺮ ْت َﻋﺎ َد ُة ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬

‫ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ َﻷَ ْن ُﺗﺴ َﺘﻌﻤ َﻞ و ُﺗﻨْ َﻘ َﻞ ﻣِﻦ ﻣ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﱟﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَﻘ ﱠﺮة ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٣‬‬

‫ﺖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َﻔ ِﺼ َﻼ ُت َﻻ َﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ﺑِ َﻼ ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺨ ِ‬ ‫وق َوا ْﻟ ُﻜ ْﺮ ِﺳﻲ َواﻟﺘ ْ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫َﺎﻟﺼﻨْﺪُ ِ‬‫ﻛ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﺳ ُﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫اض اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﻤﻮن َو ْاﻷَ ْز َﻫ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َﻔﺼ َﻠ ُﺔ َو ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺠ ُﺎر ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐ َﻴﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻐ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َأ ْﺣ َﻮ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٤‬‬

‫ﺐ َو َﻻ َﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒ َﺴﺎﺗِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫آﺧ َﺮ َو ِﻫﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﺎ ُة ﻓِﻲ ُﻋ ْﺮﻓِﻨَﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ ُﱡﺼ ِ‬ ‫َأ ْن ُﺗﻨْ َﻘ َﻞ ﻟِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ﱟﻞ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎر َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫اﺿ ِﻲ َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰرع ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِﻊ ْاﻷَر ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺪُ ون ذﻛ ٍْﺮ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻻ َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ُﺗ ْﺬﻛ َْﺮ َﺻ ِﺮﻳﺤًﺎ ِﺣﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻟﻜِﻦ ﻟِﺠﺎم داﺑ ِﺔ اﻟﺮﻛ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ف َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ُة ﻓ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ ﻛ َ‬‫ُﻮب َوﺧ َﻄﺎ َم ا ْﻟ َﺒﻌ ِﻴﺮ َو َأ ْﻣ َﺜ َﺎل َذﻟ َﻚ ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ َ َ ﱠ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٥‬‬

‫ون ِذﻛ ٍْﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْن ُﺗﺒﺎع ﻣﻌًﺎ َﻓﻬ ِﺬ ِه َﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫‪َ .٢٣٤‬ﻣﺎ َد َﺧ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ َﺒﻌًﺎ َﻻ ِﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺔ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﺾ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎ َﺑ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ َﺗﻨ ِْﺰ ُﻳﻞ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﺳ ِﺮ َق ِﺧ َﻄﺎ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ِﻌ ِﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺒﺘَﺎ ِع َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٦‬‬

‫ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎظ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻤﻮﻣِ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺗ َﺰا ُد ﻓِﻲ ِﺻﻴ َﻐ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َو ْﻗ َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫‪ْ .٢٣٥‬اﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺗ ْﺸ َﻤ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ ْاﻷَ ْﻟ َﻔ ُ‬

‫َﺗﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻊِ‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪) :‬ﺑِ ْﻌﺘُﻚ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺪﱠ َار ﺑِ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ُﺣ ُﻘﻮﻗِ َﻬﺎ(‪َ ،‬د َﺧ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺣ ﱡﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٧‬‬

‫ب َو َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِﺴﻴ ِﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫ور َو َﺣ ﱡﻖ ﱢ‬
‫ﺾ ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﺮ ِة و َأ ْﺷﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﻬﺎ ِﻫ َﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺻ َﻠ ُﺔ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َو َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎد ُة ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫‪ .٢٣٦‬ﱢ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻪ ِزﻳﺎد ٌة ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﺮ وا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻀﺮاو ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ات َﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﺎن ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ َﺣ َﺼ َﻞ ﻓ َ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ُﺑ ْﺴﺘ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٨‬‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻮ َﻟﺪُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ُة ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ َو َﻟﺪَ ْت اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ َﻌ ُﺔ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬

‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎف اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻮاﻟِ ِﻪ‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺮ ﱢﺗﺒ ِﺔ ﻋ َﻠﻰ َأوﺻ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ َ َ‬
‫‪َ .٢٣٧‬ﺗ ْﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ِﺣﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻻ ِز َﻣ ٌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎع ﺑِﺪُ ون َﺗ ْﺴﻤ َﻴﺔ َﺛ َﻤ ٍﻦ ﻛ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫‪َ .٢٣٨‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻹ َﺷ َﺎر ِة إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺎﻫﺪَ ﺗِ ِﻪ َوا ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺿﺮ ًا َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﻠ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻳ ْﺤ ُﺼ ُﻞ ﺑِ ُﻤ َﺸ َ‬
‫َﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ﺣ ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٣٩‬إ َذا ﻛ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎن ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار ِه َو َو ْﺻ ِﻔ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫َﺎن َﻏﺎﺋِﺒًﺎ ﻳﺤﺼ ُﻞ ﺑِﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ ََ‬ ‫َوإِ َذا ﻛ َ‬

‫ﻴﻪ َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا ِدﻳﻨَﺎر ًا َو َﻟ ْﻢ‬

‫َﺎر ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺪَ او ِل إ َذا ﺑِﻴﻊ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٤٠‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ َﻠﺪُ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻳ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱠ ُد ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧ َْﻮ ُع اﻟﺪﱢ ﻳﻨ ِ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا‪،‬‬‫ﻮن ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ﻧ َْﻮ ُع اﻟﺪﱢ ﻳﻨ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َﺎر َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫َُﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻫ ُﻢ َﻛﺎﻟﺪﱠ ﻧَﺎﻧِ ِﻴﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻢ‪.‬‬‫واﻟﺪﱠ ر ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد َي اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ‬ ‫‪ .٢٤١‬إ َذا َﺟ َﺮى ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻗﺪْ ٍر َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫وش‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬

‫اﻟﺮاﺋِ َﺠ ِﺔ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻤﻨُﻮ ِع َﺗﺪَ ُاوﻟ ِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َأ ْن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ﱢي ﻧ َْﻮ ٍع َﺷﺎ َء ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘﻮد ﱠ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧ َْﻮﻋًﺎ َﻣ ْﺨ ُﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬
‫ﻒ ﻟ ِ َﺜ َﻤ ٍﻦ َو ْﻗ َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻟ ِﺰ َم َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد َي اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﻧ َْﻮ ِع‬
‫‪ .٢٤٢‬إ َذا ُﺑ ﱢﻴ َﻦ َو ْﺻ ٌ‬

‫ﻮد ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َو َﺻ َﻔ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘ ِ‬

‫‪۹۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺠ ِ‬‫ﺎل ﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺪي َأ ْو إﻧْﻜِﻠِ ِﻴﺰ ﱟي َأ ْو َﻓ َﺮﻧ َْﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ِ‬‫ﺐﻣ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﺪي‬ ‫ﺎو ﱟي َأ ْو ِر َﻳ ٍ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ُﻋﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َذ َﻫ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٧٩‬‬

‫ﻮد ﱟي‪َ ،‬ﻟ ِﺰ َم َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد َي اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻮ ِع ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َو َﺻ َﻔ ُﻪ َو َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬
‫َأو َﻋﻤ ِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬
‫َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَﻧ َْﻮا ِع‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٢٤٣‬ﻻ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ُﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﺪ ّﻳًﺎ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى ﺑِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺠ ِ‬‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َأرى ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ َﻊ َذ َﻫﺒًﺎ ﻣ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٠‬‬

‫ﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺪ ّﻳًﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻴﻨ ِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ َﻊ َذ َﻫﺒًﺎ ﻣ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُﻳ ْﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ َد ِاء َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻣِ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻮ ِع َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َأ َرا ُه إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِ َﻲ‬ ‫‪ .٢٤٤‬اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘﻮ ُد ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻟ َﻬﺎ َأ ْﺟ َﺰا ٌء إ َذا َﺟ َﺮى ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻧ َْﻮ ٍع ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬

‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ْﺟ َﺰ ِاء َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻮ ِع‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﺘ َﺒ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ْاﻷَ ْﻣ ِﺮ ُﻋ ْﺮ َ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ِة‬

‫ﺎر َﻳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺠ ِ‬

‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِ َﻲ ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ْﺟ َﺰاﺋِ ِﻪ اﻟﻨ ْﱢﺼ َ‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺪ ﱟي ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎل ﻣ ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻋ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِر َﻳ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨١‬‬

‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺑﻊ َﻟﻜِﻦ َﻧ َﻈﺮ ًا ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻌﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻮل َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ‬ ‫ﺎري ْاﻵ َن ﻓﻲ َد ِار ا ْﻟﺨ َﻼ َﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ْ‬
‫إﺳ َﻼ ْﻣ ُﺒ ْ‬ ‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ﱡَْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ِﻐ َﻴﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺸ َﺮ َوﻧِ ْﺼ َﻔ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ﺎل ا ْﻟﻤ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺪ ﱢي ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺟ َﺰاﺋﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ َﻳ ِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄ َﻲ َﺑﺪَ َل ﱢ‬

‫‪۹۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺘﺄﺟﻴﻞ‬

‫ِ ِِ ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٤٥‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻣ َﻊ َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟﻴ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َو َﺗ ْﻘﺴﻴﻄﻪ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠ َﻮﻣ ًﺔ و ُﻣﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻤﻦ و َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺴﻴﻄﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﱠ‬

‫أن َﺗﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫‪ .٢٤٦‬ﰲ ﺗﺄﺟﻴﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬

‫ﺑِﻨﺎ ًء َﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ وﻗﺖ ﻛﺬا أو ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺬا أو َﺳﻨَﺔ ﻛﺬا أو إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٢‬‬

‫اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ وﻣﻌ ﱠﻴ ٌﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ ﲠﺬه اﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫‪ .٢٤٧‬إذا وﻗﻌﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﺎد ُ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٢٤٨‬ﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟ ُﻴﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ إ َﻟﻰ ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ ٍَﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﺎر اﻟﺴﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛَﺈِ ْﻣ َﻄ ِ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٣‬‬

‫ﻮن ُﻣ ْﻔ ِﺴﺪ ًا ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ف إ َﻟﻰ َﺷﻬ ٍﺮ و ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ون ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة َﺗﻨ َْﺼ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ .٢٤٩‬إ َذا ﺑﺎع ﻧ َِﺴﻴ َﺌ ًﺔ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﻂ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬﻛُﻮرﻳ ِﻦ ﻓِﻲ َﻋ ْﻘ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪ُ .٢٥٠‬ﺗﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ اﺑﺘِﺪَ اء ﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْاﻷَﺟ ِﻞ وا ْﻟ ِﻘﺴ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َُ ْ ُ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫َﺎع َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠن َﺛ َﻤﻨَ ُﻪ ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﺟ ٌﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َﺳﻨ ٍَﺔ َﻓ َﺤ َﺒ َﺴ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ُه َﺳﻨَ ًﺔ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻤ ُﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣﺘ ٌ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٤‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‬

‫اﻟﺴﻨ َِﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ِﻫﻲ ْاﻷَ َﺟ ُﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُا ْﻋ ُﺘﺒِ َﺮ َأ ﱠو ُل ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻴﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻢ َو َﺳﻨَ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ ِﺣ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬‫َأ ْن ﻳ َﻄﺎﻟِﺒﻪ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ إ َﻟﻰ ﻣ ِﻀﻲ ﺳﻨ ٍَﺔ ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ُ َُ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺠﻼً‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٥١‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬

‫‪۹٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ف ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ ُﻣ َﺆ ﱠﺟﻼً َأ ْو ُﻣ َﻘ ﱠﺴﻄًﺎ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا َﺟ َﺮى ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ْاﻷَ َﺟﻞِ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑِ َﺄ َﺟ ٍﻞ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم َﻳﻨ َْﺼ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻮق َﺷﻴﺌًﺎ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺠ ُﻴﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َو َﻻ َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟﻴ ُﻠ ُﻪ‬ ‫ون َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺬﻛَﺮ َﺗ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ ْ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ﻣ ْﻦ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٥‬‬

‫ﺎل‪.‬‬‫َﻟ ِﺰ َم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ َدا ُء اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬

‫ﺎء َﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َأ ْو َﺑ ْﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ف وا ْﻟﻌﺎد ُة ﻓِﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ ﺑِﺈِ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺾ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﺎن َﺟ َﺮى ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ َ َ َ‬
‫ف ﻓِﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴ ٍﻦ ﻣِﻨْﻪ ﺑﻌﺪَ ُأﺳﺒﻮ ٍع َأو َﺷﻬ ٍﺮ َﻟ ِﺰم ا ﱢﺗﺒﺎع ا ْﻟﻌﺎد ِة وا ْﻟﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫َ َ ُ َ َ َ ُْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َُْ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ َﱠ‬

‫‪۹٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ َﺑ َﻴﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘﺔ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤﻦ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺜ ﱠﻤﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸ َﺘﺮِي ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َو َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ‬
‫ﺎن ﺣ ﱢﻖ ﺗَﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٥٢‬ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳﺘ ََﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬

‫ف ﺑِ َﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪.‬‬

‫ﺤ َﻴﻞ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ َداﺋِﻨَ ُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫آﺧﺮ ﺑِ َﺜﻤ ٍﻦ ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم َﻟﻪ َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎع َﻣﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ َ َ َ َ ْ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٦‬‬

‫ﻵﺧﺮ َﻗﺒﻞ َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي َﺑ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪ُ .٢٥٣‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺘ َﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎرع اﻟ َﻔ َﺴﺎد َﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ ُي َﻓ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إذا ﺗﻐ ﱠﻴﺐ ُ‬
‫أن ﻳﺒِﻴﻊ َذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ إِﻟﻰ اﻵﺧﺮ ﺑِﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫وإِ ْﻧ َﻔﺎذ ا ْﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﱠ َ‬

‫‪۹٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺪ و اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ و اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٥٤‬ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪَ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ َار ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة َو َﻻ‬

‫َﺎن َﻟ ُﻪ َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﺒ ِﺔ ﺑِﺘِ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺲ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي إ َذا َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ُﺗ ِﻔﻴﺪُ ﻧَﺪَ ا َﻣ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة َو َﻗﺒِ َﻞ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه َﻓ َﻼ ِﻋ ْﺒ َﺮ َة ﺑِ َﻘ ُﺒﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺲ ﱢ‬ ‫َو َأ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ْﻞ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﺨ ًﺔ ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪َ ) :‬أ ْﻋ َﻄ ْﻴﺘُﻚ‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ﺑِ ﱢﻄ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٧‬‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد َة ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬أ َﺧ َﺬ َﺧ ْﻤﺴًﺎ‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻤﺴًﺎ ُأ ْﺧ َﺮى َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ(‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ﱢ‬
‫ﻴﺨ ًﺔ ﺑِ ِﻌ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ْﻞ ﻓِﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ‬ ‫َو ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ ﺑِ ﱢﻄ َ‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪَ ه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ﻳﺠﺒﺮ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ إ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬ ‫ُ ْ َُ َ ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬
‫‪ .٢٥٥‬ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن َﻳ ِﺰﻳﺪَ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن َﻟ ُﻪ َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﺒ ِﺔ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َو َﻻ ُﺗ ِﻔﻴﺪُ‬

‫ﺲﻛ َ‬‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد َة ﻓِﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬

‫ﻧَﺪَ ا َﻣ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬

‫ﺲ َﻓ َﻼ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ َﻗ ُﺒﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫َو َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ش ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪ِ ) :‬ز ْد ُﺗﻚ ﻣِﺎ َﺋﺘ َْﻲ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ان ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﺣ َﻴ َﻮ ٌ‬‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٨‬‬

‫ان ا ْﻟﻤﺒﺘَﺎع ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻏ ْﺮش( َو َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬أ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻴ َﻮ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ش‪َ .‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ْﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ ُﻳ ْﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ‬ ‫َوﻣِﺎ َﺋﺘَﻲ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ش ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َزا َد َﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َد ْﻓ ِﻊ ﻣِﺎ َﺋﺘَﻲ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٢٥٦‬ﺣ ﱡﻂ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ﻣ ْﻘﺪَ ار ًا ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ َو ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ٌﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ش ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪َ ) :‬ﺣ َﻄ ْﻄﺖ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ِﻋ ْﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ٌﺎل ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٨٩‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑِ َﻞ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧِﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬

‫‪ِ .٢٥٧‬ز َﻳﺎ َد ُة ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َو َﺗﻨ ِْﺰ ُﻳﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة‬

‫َﺗ ْﻠ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﺻ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َﻳ ِﺼ ُﻴﺮ ﻛ ََﺄ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪَ َو َﻗ َﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻣﺎ َﺣ َﺼ َﻞ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ﱢ‬

‫َوا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن َﻟ ُﻪ ِﺣ ﱠﺼ ٌﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ .٢٥٨‬ﻣﺎ َزا َد ُه ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﻏﺮش‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َزا َد ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺎت ﺑِ َﻌ َﺸ َﺮ ِة‬
‫ﻴﺨ ٍ‬
‫ﺎع َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧِﻲ ﺑِ ﱢﻄ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٠‬‬

‫ﻴﺨ َﺘﻴ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎر ْت َﻋ ْﺸﺮ ًة‪ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﺠﻠِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎع َﻋ ْﺸ َﺮ‬‫ﺲ َﻳﺼ ُﻴﺮ ﻛ ََﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺑ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺑِ ﱢﻄ َ ْ‬
‫ﺾ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ِﺰ َم‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﻤ ِﺰﻳﺪَ َﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻏﺮش‪َ .‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ ا ْﻟﺒِ ﱢﻄ َ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺎت ﺑِ َﻌ َﺸ َﺮ ِة‬
‫ﻴﺨ ٍ‬‫ﺑِ ﱢﻄ َ‬

‫ﺐ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫َﺗﻨ ِْﺰ ُﻳﻞ َﺛ َﻤﻨ َﻬﺎ ﻗ ْﺮﺷ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ ِﻞ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟﺒِ ﱢﻄﻴﺦِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬
‫ﻴﺨ ٍ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﺳ َﻮى َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧِﻲ ﺑِ ﱢﻄ َ‬

‫ف ِﻏ ْﺮش‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َزا َد ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‬

‫ﻒ ِذرا ٍع ﺑِﻌ َﺸﺮ ِة َآﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎع ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْرﺿﻪ َأ ْﻟ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻟﻮ ﺑ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩١‬‬

‫ﺎﻟﺸ ْﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣِﺎ َﺋ َﺔ ِذ َرا ٍع‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺘ ََﻤ ﱠﻠ َﻚ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ْاﻷَ ْر َض ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ َﻌ َﺔ ﺑِ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺬرا ِع ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻌ ِﺔ وا ْﻟﻤ ِﺰﻳﺪَ ِة ﺑِﻌ َﺸﺮ ِة َآﻻ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻟِﻬ َﺬا ﱠ ِ‬
‫ف‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﻴ ِﻊ َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ َﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﻟﻒ َوﻣﺎﺋَﺔ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ﻛ َ َ‬
‫ِﻏ ْﺮش‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑِﻼً ﻟ ِ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫ﻮع اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻣ َﻊ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ .٢٥٩‬إ َذا َزا َد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ َﺛ َﻤ ٍﻦ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻤ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺾ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‬ ‫ف ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ش‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺰا َد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ ْاﺷﺘَﺮى َﻋ َﻘﺎر ًا ﺑِﻌ َﺸﺮ ِة َآﻻ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٢‬‬

‫ﺎر َﻋ َﺸﺮ َة َآﻻ ٍ‬

‫ف‬ ‫َﺎن َﺛ َﻤ ُﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ش‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد َة‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎر َﻓ َﺄ ْﺛ َﺒ َﺘ ُﻪ َو ُﺣﻜِ َﻢ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِ ِﻪ َو َﺗ َﺴ ﱠﻠ َﻤ ُﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫َﺤ ﱞﻖ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫و َﺧﻤﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏﺮش‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻟﻮ َﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫ْ ََ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ف َو َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻋ َﺸﺮ َة َآﻻ ٍ‬
‫ش‪َ .‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﺷﻔ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِﻔﻴ ِﻊ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﺻ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َْﻮ َن ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ‬‫ﺎر َﻓﺒِﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن َﺣ ﱠﻖ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟ ِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺻﺪَ َر ْت َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﺻ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻘ ُﻂ‬
‫ﱢ‬

‫ف ﻗِ ْﺮش‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎد ُة‪ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ ا ْﻟﻌ َﻘﺎر ﺑِﻌ َﺸﺮ ِة َآﻻ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣ ﱡﻖ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻔﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠ َﺬا َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﺗ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ِﻫ َﻲ َأ ْﺻ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻄﺎﻟ ِ َﺒ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺮش ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َزا َد َﻫﺎ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٦٠‬إذا َﺣ ﱠﻂ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ار ًا‪َ ،‬ﻛﺎن َﺟﻤﻴِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑِﻼً ﻟﻠ َﺒﺎﻗِﻲ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻦ َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ واﻟﺤﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﻤﻦ أﻟﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬

‫ش‪َ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎﺋﻊ ﻣِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬ ‫ﺮة آﻻف ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ش‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﺣ ﱠﻂ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً ﻟﻮ ﺑِﻴﻊ َﻋ َﻘﺎر ﺑﻌ َﺸ ِ‬
‫ٌ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٣‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﻟﻠ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َذﻟ ِﻚ اﻟ َﻌ َﻘﺎر ُﻣﻘﺎﺑِﻞ ﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ آﻻف ﻗِ ْﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻘﺎر‬ ‫ش اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﺷﻔ ٌ‬
‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬أ َﺧ َﺬه ﺑِﺘﺴﻌ ِﺔ آﻻف ِﻏ ْﺮش ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺬ ُﻛ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ﱡﻂ ﺑِ َﺄﺻ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ َﻗﺒﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ِ ِ‬
‫أن َﻳ ُﺤ ﱠﻂ َﺟ ِﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٦١‬ﻟ ِﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ﱠ‬
‫ﺒﺾ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺤﻖ َﻫﺬا َ‬
‫اﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۹۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ ُي ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺾ أ ْﺑ َﺮ َأ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻊ ُ‬ ‫ﺎع َﻋ َﻘﺎر ًا ﺑﻌﺸﺮة آﻻف ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ش‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ّﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً َﻟ ُﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٤‬‬

‫ﺄﺧ َﺬ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟ َﻌ َﻘ َﺎر ﺑِ َﻌ َﺸ َﺮ ِة آﻻف ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬

‫ش‪ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن‬ ‫ﻠﺸ ِﻔﻴﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ﻟ ِ ﱠ‬
‫َﺟ ِﻤﻴﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺄﺧ َﺬه ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ون َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ َأ ْﺻﻼً‪.‬‬ ‫َﻳ ُ ُ‬

‫‪۱۰۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ َواﻟﺘ َﱠﺴ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎن َﺣ ِﻘﻴ َﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ َواﻟﺘ َﱠﺴ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ َو َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴﺘِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ط ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪَ َﻣﺘَﻰ َﺗ ﱠﻢ ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫‪ .٢٦٢‬ا ْﻟ َﻘﺒ ُﺾ َﻟﻴﺲ ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ٍ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻴﻊ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻻ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َأ ﱠو ً‬
‫ﱠﺨﻠِ َﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ َذ َن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻳ ْﺤ ُﺼ ُﻞ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٢٦٣‬ﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮد َﻣﺎﻧِ ٍﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﺪَ ِم وﺟ ِ‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺻ َﺎر ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻗﺎﺑِﻀًﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٢٦٤‬ﻣﺘَﻰ َﺣ َﺼ َﻞ َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ﺑِ ْ‬ ‫‪َ .٢٦٥‬ﺗ ْﺨﺘَﻠِ ُ‬

‫َﺎن َﻳ َﺮ ُاﻫ َﻤﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻃ َﺮﻓِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ َﺻ ِﺔ َأ ْو ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬

‫ض ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ َﻌ ِﺔ َأ ْو ﻛ َ‬ ‫‪ .٢٦٦‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي إ َذا ﻛ َ‬

‫ﺾ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮن إ ْذ ُن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﺎد ِه َأ ْو َر ْﻋﻴِ ِﻪ‬

‫اﻟﺰر ِع ﺑِﺤﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٢٦٧‬إ َذا ﺑِﻴ َﻌ ْﺖ َأ ْر ٌض َﻣ ْﺸ ُﻐﻮ َﻟ ٌﺔ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺰ ْر ِع ُﻳ ْﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َر ْﻓ ِﻊ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬
‫ض َﺧﺎﻟ ِ َﻴ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻢ ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬‫ِ‬
‫َو َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺎر َو َر ْﻓ ِﻌ َﻬﺎ َو َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪ .٢٦٨‬إ َذا ﺑِﻴ َﻌ ْﺖ َأ ْﺷ َﺠ ٌﺎر َﻓ ْﻮ َﻗ َﻬﺎ ﺛِ َﻤ ٌﺎر ُﻳ ْﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺟ ﱢﺰ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻤ ِ‬

‫ﺎر َﺧﺎﻟ ِ َﻴ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ْي‪.‬‬

‫ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺠ ِ‬

‫ﻮن إ ْذ ُن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑِ َﺠ ﱢﺰ َﻫﺎ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٢٦٩‬إ َذا ﺑِﻴ َﻌ ْﺖ ﺛِ َﻤ ٌﺎر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْﺷ َﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َﻫﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﺎب َو ُﻗ ْﻔ ٌﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪ .٢٧٠‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ُﺎر ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻟ ُﻪ َﺑ ٌ‬
‫َﻛﺎﻟﺪﱠ ِار َوا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﺮ ِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٥‬‬

‫‪۱۰۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫َﺎن َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬

‫اﺧ َﻠ ُﻪ َو َﻗ َﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪َ ) :‬ﺳ ﱠﻠ ْﻤﺘﻪ إ َﻟ ْﻴﻚ(‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫إ َذا و ِﺟﺪَ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي د ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َﺎن َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺤ ْﻴ ُﺚ َﻳ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُر‬ ‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎر َج َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺧ ِ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪َ .‬وإِ َذا ﻛ َ‬

‫ﻮن َﻗ ْﻮ ُل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ) :‬ﺳ ﱠﻠ ْﻤﺘُﻚ‬ ‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ إ ْﻏ َﻼ ِق َﺑﺎﺑِ ِﻪ َوإِ ْﻗ َﻔﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬

‫إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه( َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ .‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ َﻗ ِﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﺑِ َﻬ ِﺬ ِه ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺮ َﺗ َﺒ ِﺔ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻣ َﻀﻰ َو ْﻗ ٌﺖ ُﻳ ْﻤﻜِ ُﻦ‬

‫ﻮن َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر ود ُﺧﻮ ُﻟﻪ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻪ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺎب ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َذ َﻫ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟ ُﻪ ُﻗ ْﻔ ٌﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٢٧١‬إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ﻣِ ْﻔﺘَﺎحِ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬

‫ان ُﻳ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﻚ ﺑِ َﺮ ْأ ِﺳ ِﻪ َأ ْو ُأ ُذﻧِ ِﻪ َأ ْو َر َﺳﻨ ِ ِﻪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِﻲ َر ْأ ِﺳ ِﻪ َﻓ ُﻴ َﺴ ﱠﻠ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪ .٢٧٢‬ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻴ َﻮ ُ‬

‫ون ُﻛ ْﻠ َﻔ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ان ﻓِﻲ ﻣﺤ ﱟﻞ ﺑِﺤﻴ ُﺚ ﻳ ْﻘ ِﺪر ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺗﺴ ﱡﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻴ َﻮ ُ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٦‬‬

‫َﺎن َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫َﻓ َﺄ َرا ُه ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه َو َأ ِذ َن َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ ﻛ َ‬

‫ف ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬
‫َﺎت ﺑِ َﺄﻣ ِﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي وو ْﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻈﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ َُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ت وو ْز ُن ا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫‪َ .٢٧٣‬ﻛﻴ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻼ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮن َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫َﻫ ﱠﻴ َﺄ ُه َﻟ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ﺑِﺈِ ْﻋ َﻄﺎﺋِﻬﺎ ﻟِﻴ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأو ﺑِﻮ ْﺿ ِﻌﻬﺎ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ه َأو ﺑِﺈِ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮ ِ‬
‫وض َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٢٧٤‬ﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺾ ﺑِﺈِ َرا َءﺗِ َﻬﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹ ْذ ِن َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ِْ‬

‫ﺎر َأ ْو َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َﺑ َﻬ ُﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫اﺧ ُﻞ ُﺻﻨْﺪُ ٍ‬

‫وق َأ ْو َأ ْﻧ َﺒ ٍ‬ ‫‪ْ .٢٧٥‬اﻷَ ْﺷﻴﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﺑِﻴﻌ ْﺖ ﺟﻤ َﻠ ًﺔ و ِﻫﻲ د ِ‬
‫ُ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻮن إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ﻣِ ْﻔﺘَﺎحِ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َو ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْذ ِن َﻟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺗ ْﻘ َﻔ ُﻞ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺤ ﱠﻼ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺾ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺎر َأ ْو‬‫ﻮن إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ﻣِ ْﻔﺘَﺎحِ ْاﻷَ ْﻧ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫وق ُﻛﺘ ٍ‬

‫ُﺐ ُﺟ ْﻤ َﻠ ًﺔ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْﻧ َﺒ ُﺎر ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٍﺔ َأ ْو ُﺻﻨْﺪُ ُ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٧‬‬

‫وق ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨْﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

‫‪۱۰۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮن إ ْذﻧًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬

‫ﺎﻫﺪُ َﻗ ْﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫‪ .٢٧٦‬ﻋَﺪَ م ﻣﻨْ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ِﺣﻴﻨَﻤﺎ ﻳ َﺸ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ َد ِاء اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒﺮ ًا‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠن‬ ‫‪َ .٢٧٧‬ﻗﺒ ُﺾ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ ِِ‬ ‫ون ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻟﻮ َﻗﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ُﺾ‬ ‫اﻹ ْذن َو َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪه‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴ َ‬
‫ﺐ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒﺮ ًا ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۰۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺤﺒﺲ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٧٨‬ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱢﺎل‪َ ،‬أ ْﻋﻨﻲ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺆ ﱠﺟ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد َي ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺟﻤ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎع َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َد ًة َﺻ ْﻔ َﻘ ًﺔ َواﺣﺪَ ًة َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‬ ‫‪ .٢٧٩‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﻤﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪﺗﻪ أو ﻟﻢ ُﻳ َﺒ ﱠﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺟ ِﻤﻴﻌﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺳﻮا ًء َﺑ ﱠﻴﻦ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ِﻞ ﻣِﻨﻬﺎ َﺛ ٍ‬

‫‪ .٢٨٠‬إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َر ْﻫﻨًﺎ َأ ْو ﻛ َِﻔﻴﻼً ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺴ ِﻘ ُﻂ َﺣ ﱠﻖ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻓ َﻘﺪْ َأ ْﺳ َﻘ َﻂ َﺣ ﱠﻖ َﺣ ْﺒ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪َ .‬وﻓِﻲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﻗ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪ .٢٨١‬إ َذا َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َو َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺴ ُﻪ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻮﻓِ َﻲ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻮرة َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َِﺮ ﱠد ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬‫ﱡ َ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٨٢‬إ َذا َأ َﺣ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ إﻧ َْﺴﺎﻧًﺎ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﺤ َﻮا َﻟ َﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﺪْ َأ ْﺳ َﻘ َﻂ َﺣ ﱠﻖ‬

‫ﺎد َر ﺑِﺘ َْﺴﻠِ ْﻴ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺒ ِﺴ ِﻪ وﻓِﻲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼﻮر ِة ﻳﻠﺰم ا َﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َأ ْن ﻳﺒ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٢٨٣‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ اﻟﻨ ِﱠﺴﻴ َﺌ ِﺔ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َﺣ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ إ َﻟﻰ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘﺒِ َﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َو ْﻗ َﺖ ُﺣ ُﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻮل ْاﻷَ َﺟ ِﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎﻻ‪َ ،‬أ ْي ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺠﻼً‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َأ ﱠﺟ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َﺣ ْﺒ ِﺴ ِﻪ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫‪ .٢٨٤‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع َﺣ ّ ً‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘﺒِ َﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َو ْﻗ َﺖ ُﺣ ُﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻮل ْاﻷَ َﺟ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ٍِ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻨَﺌﺬ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬

‫‪۱۰٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ َﻣﻜ ِ‬
‫َﺎن اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ‬

‫ﻴﻪ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢٨٥‬ﻣ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ﻳ ْﻘﺘ َِﻀﻲ َﺗﺴﻠِﻴﻢ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ َْ ُ ٌ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺎﻏﻲ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻮل ِﺣﻨْ َﻄﺘﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﺗﻜﻔﻮر َﻃ ِ‬
‫إﺳ َﻼ ْﻣ ُﺒ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎع َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻓﻲ ْ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٨‬‬

‫ﺎﻏﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬

‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﻤﺮ ُﻗﻮﻣﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﺗﻜﻔﻮر َﻃ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﺗﺴﻠِﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬
‫إﺳ َﻼ ْﻣ ُﺒ ْ‬
‫ﻮل‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ َأ ﱠن َﻣﺤﻞ وﺟﻮد ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو ْﻗ َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻋﻠِ َﻢ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬ ‫‪ .٢٨٦‬إ َذا ﻛ َ‬

‫ﻴﻊ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ ْﻣ َﻀﺎ ُه َو َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ْ ،‬‬

‫َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮد ًا‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻤ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬﻛ ِ‬
‫ُﻮر‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ٌﺎل َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻓﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ِﺰ َم َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫‪ .٢٨٧‬إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬

‫‪۱۰٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻣﺌُﻮﻧ َِﺔ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ َو َﻟ َﻮ ِاز ِم إﺗ َْﻤ ِﺎﻣ ِﻪ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ُﺔ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٢٨٨‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺎر ُ‬

‫ﻮد َو َو ْزﻧِ َﻬﺎ َو َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺒ َﻪ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َو ْﺣﺪَ ُه‪.‬‬

‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً ُأﺟﺮ ُة ﻋَﺪﱢ اﻟﻨﱡ ُﻘ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٩٩‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ُﺔ ﺑِﺘ ََﺴ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ َﻊ َو ْﺣﺪَ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٢٨٩‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺎر ُ‬

‫َﺎت ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ َﻌ ِﺔ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ َﻊ َو ْﺣﺪَ ُه‪.‬‬

‫ان ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ﻴﻼ َ َ‬
‫ﺎل ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ت وا ْﻟﻮ ﱠز ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ َﻜ ﱠﻴ ِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٠‬‬

‫‪ْ .٢٩٠‬اﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ َﻌ ُﺔ ُﺟ َﺰاﻓًﺎ ُﻣ ْﺆ َﻧﺘ َُﻬﺎ َو َﻣ َﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺎر ُﻓ َﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِﻴ َﻌ ْﺖ َﺛ َﻤ َﺮ ُة ﻛ َْﺮ ٍم ُﺟ َﺰاﻓًﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﻗ ْﻄ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﺮ ِة َو َﺟ ﱡﺰ َﻫﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠١‬‬

‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷَ ْﻧ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َو َﻧ ْﻘﻠِ َﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﺧﺮاجِ ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْﻧ َﺒ ُﺎر ﺣﻨْ َﻄﺔ ُﻣ َﺠﺎزﻓﺔً‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺄ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ْ َ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٢‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﺤﻴﻮ ِ‬
‫ان‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎع َﻣ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮ ً‬
‫َََ‬ ‫‪َ .٢٩١‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ َﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺐ َوا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺤ ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٣‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة‬
‫ﺎرﻳ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ُﻋﺮ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ُأﺟﺮ ُة َﻧ ْﻘﻠِ ِﻪ وإِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﻟﻪ إ َﻟﻰ َﺑ ْﻴﺖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺟ ِ َ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َﺗ ُﻜ ُ ْ َ‬
‫َو َﻋﺎ َدﺗِ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎت َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم‬ ‫ﻮك ا ْﻟﻤﺒﺎﻳﻌ ِ‬

‫َُ ََ‬
‫ات وا ْﻟﺤﺠﺞِ وﺻ ُﻜ ِ‬
‫َ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫‪ُ .٢٩٢‬أﺟﺮ ُة ﻛِﺘَﺎﺑ ِﺔ اﻟﺴﻨَﺪَ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺎد َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺤ َﻜ َﻤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹ ْﺷﻬ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺮ ُﻳﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َو ْ ِ َ‬

‫‪۱۰٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻤﻮا ّد اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼك اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫‪ .٢٩٣‬إذا َﺗﻠِﻒ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ َﻗ َﺒﻞ اﻟ َﻘﺒ ِ ِ‬
‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي َﻻ َﻳ َﺘ َ‬
‫ﺮﺗﺐ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺾ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ‪ ،‬وﺑِﻼ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮف ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺮﺟ ُﻊ إِﻟﻰ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪َ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إِذا َﻋ َﺮ َض اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫واﻟﻀﺮر َﻳ َ‬ ‫ُﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ َﺣﻖ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ َﺑﻌﺪ َذﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺮﻏﻢ َﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‪ ،‬و َا ْﻣ َﺘﻨَ َﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘَﻠﻒ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﻋ َﻠ َﻰ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒِ َ‬‫َﻗ ْﺒ َﺾ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮر إﻟﻰ ُ‬ ‫ﺮﺟﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ﻓﻲ َﻫﺬا اﻟﺘَﻠﻒ‪َ ،‬ﻳ َ‬ ‫َﺗﺴﺒﺐ ُ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َو َﻻ َﺷ ْﻲ َء َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺾ َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٢٩٤‬إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺎت ُﻣ ْﻔﻠِﺴًﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ َد ِاء اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬‫ﻴﻊ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻣ َ‬‫‪ .٢٩٥‬إ َذا َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻮن أﺳﻮة ا ْﻟ ُﻐﺮﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َأ َد ِاء اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﺣ ْﺒ ُﺲ‬ ‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ ْﻔﻠِﺴًﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﻗ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫‪ .٢٩٦‬إ َذا َﻣ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﺴﺘَﻮﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ﻣِﻦ َﺗ ِﺮﻛ َِﺔ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ .‬وﻓِﻲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻮرة َﻳﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺺ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ْاﻷَ ْﺻﻠِ ﱢﻲ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻓ ُﻴﻮﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱠﻖ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ﺑِﺘ ََﻤﺎﻣﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻧ َﻘ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎﻛ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺑِﻴﻊ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳ ُﻜ ُ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻲ أﺳﻮة ا ْﻟ ُﻐ َﺮ َﻣﺎء‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِ َﺄ ْز َﻳﺪَ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ‬
‫َأ َﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ْاﻷَﺻﻠِﻲ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َزاد َﻓﻴﻌ َﻄﻰ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻐﺮﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُْ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ ْ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫ﺎت ُﻣ ْﻔﻠِﺴًﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٢٩٧‬إ َذا َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َو َﻣ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ َأﻣﺎ َﻧ ًﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ‬ ‫ﻮرة َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫اﺣﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺋِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻐﺮﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻳ َﺰ ُ ُ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺾ ﻓِﻲ َﻳﺪﱢ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ َوﺑِﺪون دﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻗ َﺒﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻌﺾ َ‬ ‫ﻒ َﺑ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إذا َﺗ َﻠ َ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي َﻳﻜﻮن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا إِذا َﺷ َﺎء َأ َﺧ َﺬ َﻣﺎ َﺑ ِﻘﻲ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫‪۱۰۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪ ،‬أو َﻳ ْﻔ ِﺴﺦ َﻋ ْﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﺑِﺤﺼﺔ ﻣِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ﻟ ِﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ‪َ :‬ﺳ ﱢﻠﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ إِﻟﻰ ُﻓﻼن‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ َوإِن َﻟﻢ ﻳﺆ ّد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إذا َﻗ َﺎل ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﺳ ﱠﻠﻢ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ َﻫﻜﺬا‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ َﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ َﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪه‪َ ،‬‬
‫ﺮﺟ ُﻊ إِﻟﻰ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮر َﻳ َ‬ ‫ﺗﻠِﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻀ ُ‬

‫‪۱۰۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫اء َو َﺳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟ ﱠﻨ َﻈﺮِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﺴ ْﻮ ِم ﱢ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﺳﻤﻰ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪َ ،‬و َا ْﺷ َﺘ َﺮى َوﻗﺒﺾ‬ ‫‪ .٢٩٨‬إِذا َا ْﺷ َﺘﺮى ﻣ ْﺸ َﺘ ٍﺮ ﺑِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮ ِم‪ ،‬أي ﱠ‬
‫ﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮاء ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي َو َﻻ َﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻣِﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا َﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي اﻟﻤ َﺎل‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ َﺿ ِ‬
‫ﺎع ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑِﻼ َﺻﻨﻊ ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﻣِﻦ‬ ‫أن َﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬وإِذا َﻛﺎن َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺎل ﻣِﻦ اﻟ َﻘﻴﻤ َﻴﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨْ َﺒ ِﻐﻲ‬‫ﺎع ﻣﻦ ُ‬
‫ﻒ أو َﺿ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻴﻠﻴﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ أن ُﻳﻘﺪﱢ م ﻣِﺜﻠﻪ ﻟ ِﻠ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا َﺗﻠِ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻤ َﺎل َﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ َﺣﺎﻟﺔ َﻟﻢ ُﻳﺴﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ َﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﻤﻦ ُ‬ ‫َﻋﻠﻴﻪ ْ‬

‫ﺎع و َﺗﻠِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻀ َﻤﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ دون َﺗ ْﻌ ُﻤﺪ َﻻ َﻳ َﻠﺰ َﻣ ُﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا َﺿ َ‬ ‫َأﻣﺎﻧ ًﺔ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪ ُ‬
‫ﻻ ﻟ ِ َﻴﻨْ ُﻈ َﺮ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْو ِ ُﻳ ِﺮ َﻳ ُﻪ ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻮا ٌء‬
‫‪َ .٢٩٩‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﺾ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺳ ْﻮ ِم اﻟﻨﱠ َﻈ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻘﺒِ َﺾ َﻣﺎ ً‬

‫ﺾ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ‬ ‫ﻮن َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺎل َأ َﻣﺎ َﻧ ًﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺑِ ِ‬‫َأ َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﺛ َﻤﻨَ ُﻪ َأ ْم َﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﺎع ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ ‪.‬‬

‫َأ ْو َﺿ َ‬

‫‪۱۰۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ِ‬‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ ِ‬
‫ات‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ط‬ ‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎزﺗِ ِﻪ ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮز َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺸ َﺮ َط ا ْﻟﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر ﺑِ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َأ ْو َ‬
‫‪َ .٣٠٠‬ﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬
‫َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْو ِﻷَ َﺣ ِﺪ ِﻫ َﻤﺎ ُد َ‬
‫ون ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻳ ِﺼ ُﻴﺮ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ﺑِ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ َِﺔ‬

‫‪ .٣٠١‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ﻣﻦ ُﺷ ِﺮ َط َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ َأﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺎر ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٠٢‬ﻓﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ وإِﺟ َﺎزﺗِ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﻣﺪﱠ ِة ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ ﺑِ ُﻠ ُﺰو ِم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٣٠٣‬‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎز ُة ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ﻫ َﻲ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻟ ْﻔﻆ َﻳﺪُ ﱡل َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﱢ‬
‫َﻛـ) َأ َﺟ ْﺰ ُت َو َر ِﺿ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺖ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٤‬‬

‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ﱡﻲ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻟ ْﻔﻆ َﻳﺪُ ﱡل َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻋَﺪَ ِم ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‪،‬‬

‫َﻛ َﻔ َﺴ ْﺨ ُﺖ َو َﺗ َﺮﻛ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٥‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٣٠٤‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎز ُة ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻌﻠ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ﻫ َﻲ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ﻓ ْﻌ ٍﻞ َﻳﺪُ ﱡل َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َوا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟﻔ ْﻌﻠ ﱡﻲ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ﻓ ْﻌ ٍﻞ َﻳﺪُ ﱡل َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻋَﺪَ ِم ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﻼ ِك‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺄ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺮ َض‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َو َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬

‫ف ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٦‬‬

‫إﺟ َﺎز ًة ﻓِ ْﻌﻠِ ﱠﻴ ًﺔ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﺑِ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َأ ْو َﻳ ْﺮ َﻫﻨَ ُﻪ َأ ْو ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺟ َﺮ ُه‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻓ ْﺴﺨًﺎ ﻓِ ْﻌﻠِ ّﻴًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ف ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َو َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬
‫َوإِ َذا ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٧‬‬

‫ﺠ ْﺰ ﻣﻦ َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٠٥‬إ َذا ﻣ َﻀ ْﺖ ﻣﺪﱠ ُة ا ْﻟ ِ‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر َﻟ ِﺰ َم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﺗ ﱠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ ْﺦ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ِ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۱۱۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎت ﻓِﻲ ُﻣﺪﱠ ﺗِ ِﻪ َﻣ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َو َﻣ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ث‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫ﻮر ُ‬ ‫‪ِ .٣٠٦‬ﺧﻴﺎر ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮط َﻻ ُﻳ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﺎت َﻣ َﻠ َﻜ ُﻪ َو َر َﺛ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﻼ ِﺧ َﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻓ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ﻟ ِ ْﻠﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ وا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻣﻌًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ َﻓﺴ َﺦ ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﺛﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة ا ْﻧ َﻔ َﺴ َﺦ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﱡُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٠٧‬إ َذا ُﺷ ِﺮ َط ا ْﻟ َ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ﻟ ِ ْﻶ َﺧ ِﺮ إ َﻟﻰ اﻧْﺘِﻬ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱡﻳ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ َأ َﺟ َﺎز َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺠ ِﻴﺰ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪َ ،‬و َﺑﻘ َﻲ ا ْﻟ َ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﻣِ ْﻠﻜِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻳ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ َﻣ ْﻌﺪُ ود ًا ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬

‫‪ .٣٠٨‬إ َذا ُﺷ ِﺮ َط ا ْﻟﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺨ ُﺮ ُج ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ُﻦ‬ ‫ُﺟ ْﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ َأ ْﻣ َﻮاﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘِ ِﻪ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻳ ْﻮ َم َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َأ َدا ُء ﻗ َ‬
‫ﻚ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َو َﺻ َﺎر ﻣِ ْﻠﻜًﺎ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َﺧﺮج ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﻣِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ ُ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٠٩‬إ َذا ُﺷ ِﺮ َط ا ْﻟ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َأ َدا ُء َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﱠ ُم ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ إِذا َﻛﺎن ُﻣ َﺘﻌﺪد ًا‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﺘﱪُ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮف ُ‬
‫اﺣﺪٌ ﻣِﻨﻬﻤﺎ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﻌﺘﱪُ إِﺟﺎزة اﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫واﻹﻳﺠﺎز‪ ،‬وﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ إِذا َﻓﺴ َﺦ و ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ِ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﺣﺪ ﻣِﻨﻬﻤﺎ َﻻ ُﻳﻌﺘﱪ َﻓﺴﺨًﺎ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ ،‬وﻓِﻲ ِﺧ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺎر‬ ‫َأو إِذا َأﺟﺎز و ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﱰي ُﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴﺐ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إِذا ﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫ﺎدث ﻓِﻲ ُﻣﺪﱠ ة اﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻘﺒﺾ‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ ﻳﺰل ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ َﻳﻜﻮن َﺑﺎﻃﻼً‪ ،‬و َﻳ َﻠﺰ ُم إِﻋ َﻄﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۱۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺎن ﺧ َﻴ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻒﻛ َ‬‫ﻮب‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻈﻬﺮ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ َﺧﺎﻟِﻴًﺎ َﻋﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺑِﻮﺻ ٍ‬
‫ﻒ َﻣ ْﺮ ُﻏ ٍ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ َ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٣١٠‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع َﻣﺎ ً َ ْ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ُه ﺑِ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ْ‬
‫وﻳﺴﻤﻰ َﻫ َﺬا ِﺧﻴﺎر ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ََُ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪.‬‬
‫ﻮب‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺎع َﺑ َﻘ َﺮ ًة َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ َﺣ ُﻠ ٌ‬
‫ﻮب‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ َﺣ ُﻠ ٍ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٨‬‬

‫ﻮت َأ ْﺣ َﻤ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ َأ ْﺻ َﻔ َﺮ‪ُ ،‬ﻳ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬

‫ﺎع َﻓ ّﺼًﺎ َﻟ ْﻴﻼً َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳﺎ ُﻗ ٌ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٠٩‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣١١‬ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺻﻒ ُﻳ َ‬
‫ﻮر ُ‬
‫ث‪.‬‬

‫ﻒ َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﺧﺎﻟِﻴًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬

‫ﺎت ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻪ ِﺧﻴﺎر ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻣ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٠‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻮا ِرث َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻒﻛ َ‬‫ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﻼ ِك َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ‬
‫ف ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬
‫ﻒ إ َذا َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬ ‫‪ .٣١٢‬ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻪ ِﺧﻴﺎر ا ْﻟﻮﺻ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ُه‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮ ُﻏﻮب‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إِذا اِﻣ َﺘﻨَﻊ رد اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﺑِﺴﺒﺐ ﻛَﻮﻧﻪ َﻋ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ َ‬ ‫ﺎرﻳًﺎ ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱡ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻤﻦ‪.‬‬‫ﺐ ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻳﻤﻜﻨَﻪ َﻃ َﻠ ُ‬
‫َﻓ ُ‬

‫‪۱۱۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎر اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِ َﺴﺒﺐ إِﻋﺎدة اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ إﻟﻰ َ‬
‫أﺟ ٍﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي ﺑِ َﺸﺮط أﻻ َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﺎوم اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣١٣‬إذا َﺳ َ‬
‫)ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن َﻫﺬا ﺻﺤﻴﺤًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺎل ﻟِﻬﺬا‪ِ :‬‬
‫َُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑِﺴﺒﺐ ِﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠﻘﺪ ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي ﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة ُ‬ ‫‪ .٣١٤‬إِ َذا َﻟﻢ َﻳﺴﺘَﻄِﻊ ﱠ‬
‫أن ُﻳﺆدي ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻻ ِزﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وإذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﱠ ة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اث‪ ،‬وﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻋﻠﻴﻪ إِذا ُﺗﻮﻓِ َﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣١٥‬ﻳﻨْﺘ َِﻘ ُﻞ ِﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻘ ِﺪ إِﻟﻰ اﻟﻮ ِر ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫ﺮف ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ َِﺔ َﻳﻘﻮم َو َر َﺛﺘُﻪ َﻣ َﻘﺎﻣ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬

‫‪۱۱۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺎن ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎت ﻛ ﱟُﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪَ ٍة َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠن‬ ‫ﺎن َﺷﻴ َﺌﻴ ِﻦ َأو َأ ْﺷﻴﺎء ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴ ِﻤﻴ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٣١٦‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ َأ ْﺛ َﻤ َ ْ ْ ْ َ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ َأ ّﻳًﺎ َﺷﺎ َء ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺑ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِﻲ َأ ّﻳًﺎ َأ َرا َد ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ‪،‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ(‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َو َﻫ َﺬا ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ ) ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻦ َﺗ ْﻌﻴِﻴ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬‫‪َ .٣١٧‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﻓِﻲ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻲء ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬه ﻓِﻲ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٣١٨‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻟ ُﻪ ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻴ َﻦ ﱠ ْ َ‬
‫ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻨ َْﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ ﻳﻨْﺘ َِﻘ ُﻞ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟﻮ ِار ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ث‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ .٣١٩‬ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ َ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ‬
‫ْﺲ و ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﺣ َﻀ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ َﺔ َأ ْﺛ َﻮ ٍ‬
‫اب َأ ْﻋ َﻠﻰ َو َأ ْو َﺳ َﻂ َو َأ ْدﻧَﻰ ﻣ ْﻦ ِﺟﻨ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١١‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي ﻓِﻲ ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة‬

‫ﺎع َأ َﺣﺪَ َﻫﺎ َﻻ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻟ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺛ َﻤﻨًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺣﺪَ ة‪َ ،‬و َﺑ َ‬
‫َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َأ ْو َأ ْر َﺑ َﻌ ِﺔ َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ َأ ﱠﻳ َﻬﺎ َﺷﺎ َء ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ َﺬا‬
‫ال‪ ،‬ا ْﻧﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬وﻓِﻲ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ َِﺔ ُﻳ ْﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤﻨ َْﻮ ِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِار ُ‬
‫ث َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ُﻣ ْﺠ َﺒﺮ ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫َأ َﺣ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ َو َد ْﻓ ِﻊ َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﺎت َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫َأ َﺣ ِﺪ َﻫﺎ َو َد ْﻓ ِﻊ َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺗ ِﺮﻛ َِﺔ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱢرﺛِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ َﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷَﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻨﺖ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إذا و َﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬واﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻲ َأﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪َ .‬وﺑِﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬إِذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ َأﺣﺪُ‬
‫– واﺣﺪٌ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ َﻣ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي‪َ ،‬و َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ُﺾ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫أو َﺗﻌ ﱠﻴﺐ ﻓ ُﻴﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬إِذا ﻛَﺎن ُ‬
‫ﺑﺄن َﻳﻜﻮن َﻣﺒِﻴﻌًﺎ‪ ،‬وإِذا ﻛَﺎن‬ ‫َﻓﺎﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي َﻫ َﻠﻚ أو ﺗﻌ ﱠﻴﺐ ﻫﻮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ ﱠ‬

‫‪۱۱٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﻲء اﻟﺬي َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ﻳﺘﻌ ﱠﻴﻦ أﻣﺎﻧﺔً‪ ،‬ﺳﻮا ًء َو َﻗ َﻊ‬

‫ﺎﺋﻊ ﻫﻮ ُ‬
‫اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ُﺾ َأم ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي‪َ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫وﻫ َﻠ َﻚ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ﻫﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬إذا َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ أو ﺗﻌ ّﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺸﱰي إ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ‬ ‫أﺣﺪُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬أو ﰲ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻬﻼك ﰲ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ أو ﺗﻌﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﻔﺬ أﻳًﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺋﻌًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ أو ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬أو ﰲ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻬﻼك ﻳﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬وﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻮرة اﻟﺘَﻌﻴﺐ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺨﺘﺎر و ُﻳﻠﺰم اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻣﺎن اﻟﺸﻲء‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﺰم ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻴﺒًﺎ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن اﻟﺘَﻌﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي أن‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ًا ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬وإذا ﻛﺎن َﻗ ْﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬
‫واﻟﺮد‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﺸﺮون‪ :‬اﻟﺒﻴﻊ اﻟﺬي وﻗﻊ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬إِذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻜ ْﺖ َﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﺘ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ َﺑﺎﺋﻌًﺎ أو‬‫ﺾ َﻳﻜﻮن اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ َﺑﺎﻃﻼً إِن ﻛَﺎن ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﺘﱠﻤﺎ ِم َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺾ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ُﻣﺸﺘ َِﺮﻳًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ إِذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻜﺖ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎ ُء ُ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ َﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺒﻮض اِﺛﻨﺎن أو َﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ َ‬ ‫أن َ‬‫ﻓﺈن َﻓﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮ ُي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ ،‬ﱠ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ ِ‬
‫أن ُﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻧِ ُ‬
‫ﻤﻦ ﻟ ُﻜ ِﻞ َواﺣﺪ أو ُﺛ ُﻠﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا ﻛَﺎن ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ َﺑﺎﺋﻌًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ُﺒﻮض ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ أو ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫أن َﻳ ْﻀﻤﻦ إِذا ﻛَﺎن َ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء أو ﺛﻠﺜﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺬي و َﻗﻊ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا َﺗﻌﻴﺒﺖ َﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺤﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‪ :‬ﻓﻲ اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ َ َ َ‬

‫‪۱۱٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌ ّﻴﺐ َﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌ ﱠﻴﻨﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫ﺑﺄن ﻳﻨْﻔﺬ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ َأﺣﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻷَ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﱠ َ‬
‫أن ﻳﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺾ َﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺔ ُوﻗﻮ ِع اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﺐ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻘ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬و َﻳﻜﻮن ُﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫أو ﻳﺨﺘﺎر واﺣﺪ ًا ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ ،‬و ُﻳﻨَﻔﺬ اﻟ ﱠﺒ َ‬
‫أن ُﻳﻠِﺰ َم‬
‫اﻟﺸﻘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈِذا ﻛَﺎن اﻟ َﺒﺎﺋﻊ ُﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪َ ،‬ﻳﺠﻮز ﻟﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﱠ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻣِﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ﺑِﺤﺴﺐ ُﻣﺮاده‪ ،‬أو‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي َﺑﺄي‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن َو َﻗ َﻊ اﻟﺘﱠﻌﻴﺐ َﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َﻳﻔﺴ َﺦ اﻟ َﺒ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬إذا أﻟﺰم‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻗ ُﺒﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﻗﻮﻋﻪ َﻗﺒِ َﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺒﺾ ﻓ َﻌﻠﻰ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻘ ِ‬

‫واﻟﺮد‪ ،‬وإذا ﻓﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﱠ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬
‫َﻓ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺴﺦ إذا وﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻴﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌء ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫إذا وﻗﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺸﱰي ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮض اﺛﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻜﻞ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮض وإذا ﻛﺎن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ُﺜﻠﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ و ٍ‬
‫اﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۱۱٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺮؤْ َﻳ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡ‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳ َﺮا ُه َﻓﺈِ َذا َرآ ُه ْ‬‫َﺎن َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٣٢٠‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ َو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ َﺮ ُه ﻛ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨﻴ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل ﻟ َﻬ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َ‬
‫‪... .٣٢١‬‬

‫‪... .٣٢٢‬‬

‫‪... .٣٢٣‬‬

‫ﺎع َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُﻣ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﻰ ُأﻧ ُْﻤﻮ َذ ِﺟ َﻬﺎ َﺗ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ ُر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ ْاﻷُﻧ ُْﻤﻮ َذجِ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ْ .٣٢٤‬اﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗ َﺒ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪،‬‬
‫ون ْاﻷُﻧ ُْﻤﻮ َذجِ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٢٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُﻣ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﻰ ْاﻷُﻧ ُْﻤﻮ َذجِ ‪ ،‬إ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ُد َ‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َر ﱠد ُه‪.‬‬

‫ْ‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ُﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٢‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ُﻦ‬
‫َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٣‬‬

‫اﻟﺰ ْﻳ ُﺖ‪،‬‬
‫َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٤‬‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬
‫وﻣﺎ ﺻﻨِﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻧَﺴ ٍﻖ و ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻜِ ْﺮ َﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٥‬‬

‫َوا ْﻟ ُﺠﻮخِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٦‬‬

‫و َأ ْﺷﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫إ َذا َر َأى ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُأﻧ ُْﻤﻮ َذ َﺟ َﻬﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ َاﻫﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُﻣ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﺎ ُه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ْت َأ ْدﻧَﻰ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬

‫ْاﻷُﻧ ُْﻤﻮ َذجِ ُﻳ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۱۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪... .٣٢٦‬‬

‫‪... .٣٢٧‬‬
‫ﺎو َﺗ ٌﺔ ﺻ ْﻔ َﻘ ًﺔ و ِ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َر َأى َﺑ ْﻌ َﻀ َﻬﺎ َو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ َﺮ‬
‫اﺣﺪَ ًة‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٢٨‬إ َذا ُا ْﺷﺘ ُِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء ُﻣ َﺘ َﻔ ِ َ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ َﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء‬‫إن َﺷﺎء َأ َﺧ َﺬ ﺟ ِﻤﻴﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤﺘَﻰ َر َأى َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻲ ْ َ‬
‫َر ﱠد َﺟ ِﻤﻴ َﻌ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ َﻣﺎ َرآ ُه َو َﻳﺘ ُْﺮ َك ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻪ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ون َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫ﺎل ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺢ ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٢٩‬ﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤﻰ َوﺷ َﺮ ُاؤ ُه َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫َو ْﺻ َﻔ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا َﻓ َﻤﺘَﻰ َﻋﻠِ َﻢ َو ْﺻ َﻔ َﻬﺎ ْ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺧ َﺬ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َدار ًا َﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻢ َو ْﺻ َﻔ َﻬﺎ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٧‬‬

‫َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َر ﱠد َﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻒ َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء ﻟ ِ ْﻸَ ْﻋ َﻤﻰ َو َﻋ َﺮ َ‬
‫ف َو ْﺻ َﻔ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮا ُه َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٣٣٠‬إ َذا ُو ِﺻ َ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬و َﺷﻢ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﻤﻮﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫‪ْ .٣٣١‬اﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤﻰ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻘ ُﻂ ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ُه ﺑِ َﻠ ْﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫ف ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻤ ِ َ ﱢ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إ َذا َﻟ َﻤ َﺲ َو َﺷ ﱠﻢ َو َذ َاق َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ َاﻫﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫و َذو ِق ا ْﻟﻤ ُﺬو َﻗ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ِﺷﺮ ُاؤه ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺤًﺎ َﻻ ِزﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬
‫‪... .٣٣٢‬‬

‫‪... .٣٣٣‬‬

‫‪... .٣٣٤‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﻼ ِك ُﻳ ْﺴ ِﻘ ُﻂ ِﺧ َﻴ َﺎر ُر ْؤ َﻳﺘِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬
‫‪َ .٣٣٥‬ﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ ُ‬

‫‪۱۱۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺧﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬

‫ﻮب‪َ .‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َأ ﱠن َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ون‬ ‫‪ .٣٣٦‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ َﻳ ْﻘﺘ َِﻀﻲ َﺳ َﻼ َﻣ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻴ ِ‬

‫ﻴﺐ َأ ْو َﺳﺎﻟ ِ ٌﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻘﺘ َِﻀﻲ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ َﺮا َء ِة ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻮب‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﻼ ذﻛ ِْﺮ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻣﻌ ٌ‬
‫َﺳﺎﻟِﻤًﺎ َﺧﺎﻟِﻴًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء‬ ‫ﻳﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻗﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ إ َذا َﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ َﻋ ْﻴ ٌ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ُﻣ ْﻄ َﻠﻘًﺎ إ َذا ﺑِ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٣٧‬ﻣﺎ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َر ﱠد ُه‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻤﻨﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻤﺴ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ َﻣﺎ َﻧ َﻘ َﺼ ُﻪ‬

‫ﺐ (‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ َو َﻫ َﺬا ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ ) ِﺧ َﻴ َﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُ‬

‫ﺨ ْﺒ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬
‫ﺎب ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫ﺺ َﺛ َﻤ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﺘ ﱠﱡﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٣٨‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳﻨْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮد ًا ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪ ُ‬
‫ﻳﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٣٣٩‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُ‬
‫ث ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َو َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﺐ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ْﺤﺪُ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣٤٠‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ﱠد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻢ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ُﺣ ْﻜ ُﻤ ُﻪ ُﺣ ْﻜ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣٤١‬إ َذا َذﻛ ََﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َأ ﱠن ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻋ ْﻴﺒًﺎ ﻛ ََﺬا‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻣ َﻊ ِﻋ ْﻠ ِﻤ ِﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺐ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر ﺑِ َﺴ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻜ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻪ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ َﻇﻬﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻻ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺑ ِﺮي ٌء ﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ َ َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٤٢‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع َﻣﺎ ً‬
‫ﻮب َﻻ ُﺗ ْﺴ َﻤ ُﻊ ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ َد ْﻋ َﻮى ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ َو َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻴ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٣٤٣‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﻣﺎ ً‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﺣ َﻴ َﻮاﻧًﺎ ﺑِ َﺠ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻮب َو َﻗ َﺎل‪َ ) :‬ﻗﺒِ ْﻠ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻣ َﻜ ﱠﺴﺮ ًا‪ُ ،‬ﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻄﻤًﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْﻋ َﺮ َج‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٨‬‬

‫ﻳﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬
‫َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ(؛ َﻓ َﻼ َﺻ َﻼ ِﺣ َﻴ َﺔ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َأ ْن َﻳﺪﱠ ِﻋﻲ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫َ‬

‫‪۱۱۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ﱠﻼ ِك‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬‫ف ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪ ،‬إ َذا َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٤٤‬ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِع ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬

‫َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ُه‪،‬‬

‫ﻳﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬‫ﺐ َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِﻋ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻋ َﺮ َض ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١١٩‬‬

‫ﺐ؛ َﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد ُه َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻋ ْﺮ ُض ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ِرﺿًﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٤٥‬ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪَ َ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻢ؛ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻗﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ َﻋ ْﻴ ٌ‬ ‫ث ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻋ ْﻴ ٌ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟﺒ ُﺔ ﺑِﻨُ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ﻳﺮده ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻌﻴ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪ ِ َ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َُ ﱠُ َْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺎش‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َأ ْن َﻗ َﻄ َﻌ ُﻪ َو َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻠ ُﻪ ُﺑ ُﺮود ًا ا ﱠﻃ َﻠ َﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﺛ ْﻮ َب ُﻗ َﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٠‬‬

‫ث َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َر ﱡد ُه َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒِﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن َﻗ ْﻄﻌﻪ و َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺼﻴ َﻠﻪ َﻋﻴﺐ ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ٌ‬ ‫ُ ْ ٌ َ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻳﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬
‫ﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ ﻳﺮ ِﺟﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﺑِﻨُ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪ ِ َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫ﺨ ْﺒ َﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ َﺨﺎﻟِﻴ َﻦ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ض‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻳ ِﺼ ُﻴﺮ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑِﺈِ ْﺧ َﺒ ِ‬
‫‪ُ .٣٤٦‬ﻧ ْﻘ َﺼ ُ‬

‫ﻴﻤ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن ُﻳ َﻘ ﱠﻮ َم َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ُب َﺳﺎﻟِﻤًﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﻳ َﻘ ﱠﻮ َم َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢١‬‬

‫ﺐ إ َﻟﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ َو َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُﻣ ْﻘﺘ ََﻀﻰ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ اﻟﻨ ْﱢﺴ َﺒ ِﺔ َﻳ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎوت ُﻳﻨ َْﺴ ُ‬
‫ُ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱡ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎش ﺑِ ِﺴﺘﱢﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ َو َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َأ ْن َﻗ َﻄ َﻌ ُﻪ َو َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻠ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻃ َﻠ َﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﺛ ْﻮ َب ُﻗ َﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٢‬‬

‫ﺨ ْﺒ َﺮ ِة َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب َﺳﺎﻟِﻤًﺎ ﺑِ ِﺴﺘﱢﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘﻮم َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻳﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬

‫ﻮر ِة‬ ‫ِِ‬

‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﺑِ َﻬﺬه ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻢ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ َﺴ ٍﺔ َو َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫َو َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬

‫َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۲۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ُﻮن ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ ِﺳﺘ َ‬

‫ﱡﻮن‬ ‫ب َﺳﺎﻟِﻤًﺎ َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧ َ‬
‫ﻴﻤ َﺔ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َو َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﺧ َﺒ َﺮ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺨ ْﺒ َﺮة َأ ﱠن ﻗ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٣‬‬

‫ون ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ ُر ْﺑ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤﺎﻧِﻴ َﻦ‬

‫ﻴﻤ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ ِﻋ ْﺸ ُﺮ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺎو َت ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟﻘ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷﺎ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ِﻫ َﻲ ُر ْﺑ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻄﺎﻟ َ‬
‫ﻮن ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ‬
‫ب َﺳﺎﻟِﻤًﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ‬
‫ﻴﻤ َﺔ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َو َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﺧ َﺒ َﺮ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺨ ْﺒ َﺮة َأ ﱠن ﻗ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٤‬‬

‫وش‪َ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ ُﺧ ْﻤ ُﺲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأرﺑﻌ َ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻤ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ُة ُﻗ ُﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮن ﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻔ ُ‬
‫ﺎو َت ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟﻘ َ‬ ‫َُْ‬
‫ﺎن ُﺧ ْﻤ َﺲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﺛﻨَﺎ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴﻴ َﻦ ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻘ َﺼ ُ‬

‫ﻮﺟﺒًﺎ ﻟ ِ ﱠﻠﺮ ﱢد َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺪﻳﻢ ﻣ ِ‬
‫ُ ُ‬ ‫ث َﺻ َﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣٤٧‬إ َذا َز َال ا ْﻟﻌﻴﺐ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻳﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺐ َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﺣ َﻴ َﻮاﻧًﺎ َﻓ َﻤ ِﺮ َض ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ا ﱠﻃ َﻠ َﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٥‬‬

‫ﻳﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ ﻳﺮ ِﺟﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﺑِﻨُ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َر ﱡد ُه ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻢ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن ﻳﺮد ا ْﻟﺤﻴﻮ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ان ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴ َﺒ ِ‬ ‫َُ ﱠ َ ََ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻟﻜ ْﻦ إ َذا َز َال َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺮ ُض ﻛ َ ُ‬
‫ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻇﻬﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ََ‬
‫‪ .٣٤٨‬إ َذا ر ِﺿﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِﻊ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻇﻬﺮ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋﻴﺐ َﻗ ِﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪَ َأ ْن ﺣﺪَ َ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ث ﺑِﻪ َﻋ ْﻴ ٌ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ َْ‬ ‫ْ ٌ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪْ ﻣﺎﻧِﻊ ﻟِﻠﺮد َﻻ َﺗﺒ َﻘﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺻ َﻼ ِﺣﻴ ُﺔ ِاﻻد َﻋ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ ْ ُ َ َ ٌ ﱠ ﱢ ْ‬
‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﺠ ُﺒﻮر ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ َر ﱢد ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِﻊِ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻗ ُﺒﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﻨُ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ِاﻻ ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِع َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴﺒِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺎع ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي إ َذا َﺑ َ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤﻦ ُ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬‫ﻳﻢ َﻻ ﻳﺒ َﻘﻰ َﻟﻪ ﺣ ﱞﻖ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن ﻳﺪﱠ ِﻋﻲ ﺑِﻨُ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪ ِ َ ْ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي َﻗ َﻄ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮا ُه َو َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻠ ُﻪ َﻗ ِﻤﻴﺼًﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َو َﺟﺪَ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋ ْﻴﺒًﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٦‬‬

‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِﻊِ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ َﻊ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َو َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ َﻚ َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ؛ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬
‫ﺐ ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼ َ‬

‫‪۱۲۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ث(‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎد ِ‬‫ﺐ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬

‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ َأ ْﻣ َﺴ َﻜ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ُ ) :‬ﻛﻨ ُْﺖ َأ ْﻗ َﺒ ُﻠ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ َ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻘ َ‬

‫َو َﺣ َﺒ َﺴ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن َﻣﺎﻧِﻌًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ُة َو ِﻫﻲ َﺿ ﱡﻢ َﺷﻲ ٍء ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣ ِ‬

‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َو ِﻋ َﻼ َو ُﺗ ُﻪ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٣٤٩‬ﱢ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ﱢد‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﺒﺎ َﻏ ِﺔ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ب ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺨ َﻴﺎ َﻃﺔ َو ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﺒ ِﻎ إ َﻟﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﺿ ﱡﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﻴﻂ َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٧‬‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻣﺎﻧِ ٌﻊ ﻟ ِ ﱠﻠﺮ ﱢد‪.‬‬

‫ض ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺟﺎﻧِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ ِﺮ ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬
‫س ﱠ‬ ‫َو َﻏ ْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٨‬‬

‫ﺎد ِ‬‫ﺐ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ث‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َو َﻟ ْﻮ َرﺿ َﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٥٠‬إ َذا ُو ِﺟﺪَ َﻣﺎﻧ ٌﻊ ﻟ ﱠﻠﺮ ﱢد َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َِﺮ ﱠد ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﺑِﻬ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء ُﻧ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬ ‫ﺑ ْﻞ ﻳ ِﺼﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ إ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺎع‬ ‫ﻮرة َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻳﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ﱢﻃ َﻼ ِﻋ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﺐ ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼ َ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ُه ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻗ ِﺪ ٍ‬ ‫ب َﻟ ْﻮ َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻞ ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ َﻗ ِﻤﻴﺼًﺎ َو َﺧﺎ َﻃ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ا ﱠﻃ َﻠ َﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﻴ ٍ‬ ‫إن ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٢٩‬‬

‫ث‪ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ ﻳﺠﺒﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ إ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬ ‫ﺎد ِ‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫َ ُ ْ َُ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َِﺮ ﱠد ُه َو َﻟ ْﻮ َرﺿ َﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ َ‬
‫ﺎع ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻫ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ َب َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ؛ َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻌ ُﻪ‬ ‫ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ .‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜﻤ ِﻦ‪ ،‬و َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ِﻷَ ﱠﻧﻪ ﺣﻴ ُﺚ ﺻﺎر َﺿﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺐ ُﻧ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻧﻌًﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ َﻃ َﻠ ِ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻣﺎﻧﻌًﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ﱢد َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ ﻓﻲ َﻫﺬه ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎ َﻟﺔ ْ‬
‫ﻮن َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َﺣ ْﺒﺴًﺎ َوإِ ْﻣ َﺴﺎﻛًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴﻄًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﺣﺪَ ًة إ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻪ َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .٣٥١‬ﻣﺎ ﺑِﻴﻊ ﺻ ْﻔ َﻘ ًﺔ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬

‫‪۱۲۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َر ﱠد َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻤﻮ َﻋ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ْ ،‬‬ ‫ﺾﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﻴﺐ َو ْﺣﺪَ ُه َو ُﻳ ْﻤ ِﺴ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِ َﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺑِ َﺠﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠد ا ْﻟ َﻤﻌ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺾ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﺮ ِ‬ ‫َوإِ ْن ﻛَﺎ َن َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺐ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠد ا ْﻟ َﻤﻌ َ‬
‫ﻳﻖ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر؛ ﻛ َ‬

‫ﻴﻊ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِِ ِ‬

‫ﺑِﺤ ﱠﺼﺘﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺳﺎﻟﻤًﺎ‪َ .‬و َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺮ َض ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠد ا ْﻟ َﺠﻤ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫و َأﻣﺎ إ َذا ﻛ َ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن ﻓﻲ َﺗ ْﻔ ِﺮﻳﻘﻪ َﺿ َﺮ ٌر َر ﱠد ا ْﻟ َﺠﻤ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺠﻤ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫إﺣﺪَ ُاﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻣ ِﻌﻴ َﺒًﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى ُﻗ ُﻠﻨ ُْﺴ َﻮ َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﺑِ َﺄ ْر َﺑﻌﻴ َﻦ ﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٠‬‬

‫ﺤ ﱠﺼﺘِ َﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺳﺎﻟ ِ َﻤًﺎ‬

‫ﺾ ﻳﺮد ا ْﻟﻤ ِﻌﻴﺒ َﺔ وﺣﺪَ َﻫﺎ ﺑِ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﺮ ﱡد ُﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻣﻌًﺎ َوإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ َ ُ ﱡ َ َ َ ْ‬
‫َو ُﻳ ْﻤ ِﺴ ُﻚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِ َﻲ ﺑِ َﻤﺎ َﺑ ِﻘ َﻲ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪،‬‬

‫َﺎن َﻟ ُﻪ َر ﱡد ُﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻣﻌًﺎ‬ ‫ﻒ َﻓ َﻈ َﻬ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪُ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َز ْو َﺟ ْﻲ ُﺧ ﱟ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣١‬‬

‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ت وا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻤﻜِ َ ِ‬
‫ْﺲ و ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎت‬ ‫ﻴﻼ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻣ ْﻘﺪَ ار ًا ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨًﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ ِﺟﻨ ٍ َ‬
‫‪ .٣٥٢‬إ َذا ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮى َﺷ ْﺨ ٌ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗﺒِ َﻠ ُﻪ َﺟ ِﻤﻴﻌًﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َر ﱠد ُه‬ ‫َو َﻗ َﺒ َﻀ ُﻪ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َو َﺟﺪَ َﺑ ْﻌ َﻀ ُﻪ َﻣ ِﻌﻴﺒًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ْ‬

‫َﺟ ِﻤﻴﻌًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮب ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ِاة‬

‫اﻟﺸ ِﻌ ِﻴﺮ َو َأ ْﻣ َﺜﺎﻟ ِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺤﻨْ َﻄ ِﺔ َأ ْو ﱠ‬
‫‪ .٣٥٣‬إ َذا وﺟﺪَ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻛَﺜِﻴﺮ ًا‬
‫ف َﺻ ﱠﺢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﺎن َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟﺘﱡﺮاب ﻳﻌﺪﱡ َﻗﻠِﻴﻼً ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ ُ َُ‬ ‫ُﺗ َﺮاﺑًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑِ َﺤ ْﻴ ُﺚ ُﻳ َﻌﺪﱡ َﻋ ْﻴﺒًﺎ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫‪۱۲۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا؛ َﻓ َﻼ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺜ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ِة‬

‫‪ .٣٥٤‬ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ُﺾ وا ْﻟﺠﻮ ُز وﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َﻛ َﻠﻬﻤﺎ إ َذا َﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﻌ ُﻀﻬﺎ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ََ َْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪُ ﻛَﺜِﻴﺮ ًا‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻔ ّﻮ ًا‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫فﻛ ِ‬
‫َﺎﻻ ْﺛﻨَ ْﻴ ِﻦ َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫وا ْﻟﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ُْ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ َﻛﺎﻣِﻼً‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟﻌ َﺸﺮ ِة ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ؛ ﻛ َ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َر ﱡد َﺟﻤﻴﻌﻪ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋ ِﻊ َو ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُﻣﻨْ َﺘ َﻔ ٍﻊ ﺑِ ِﻪ َأ ْﺻﻼً‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﺑﺎﻃﻼً‪َ ،‬وﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٥٥‬إ َذا َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﺟﻤ ُ‬
‫َﺟ ِﻤﻴ ِﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِﻊِ‪،‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬

‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا َﻻ ُﻳﻨْ َﺘ َﻔ ُﻊ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟﻮ ْاﺷﺘَﺮى ﺟﻮز ًا‪َ ،‬أو ﺑﻴﻀًﺎ َﻓ َﻈﻬﺮ ﺟ ِﻤﻴﻌﻪ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ََ َ ُُ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٢‬‬

‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد َﺛ َﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ ﻛَﺎﻣِﻼً ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ْ‬

‫‪۱۲٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َﺒ ِﻦ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻐﺮِﻳﺮِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ٌﺶ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ و َﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪْ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮﻳﺮ؛ َﻓ َﻠﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﻐﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻮن َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ َﺦ‬ ‫‪ .٣٥٦‬إ َذا و ِﺟﺪَ َﻏﺒﻦ َﻓ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ٌ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﻻ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬وﻣ ُﺎل ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬‫ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ إ َذا وﺟﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺒﻦ وﺣﺪَ ه ﻓِﻲ ﻣ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻴﺘ ِ َ ﱡ َ ْ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻴﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎل ُﺣ ْﻜ ُﻤ ُﻪ ُﺣ ْﻜ ُﻢ َﻣ ِ‬
‫َو َﺑ ْﻴ ُﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٥٧‬إ َذا َﻏﺮ َأﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﺒﺎﻳِﻌﻴ ِﻦ ْاﻵ َﺧﺮ‪ ،‬و َﺗﺤ ﱠﻘ َﻖ َأ ﱠن ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ َﻏﺒﻨًﺎ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺸًﺎ َﻓﻠِ ْﻠﻤ ْﻐﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻮن َأ ْن‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َْ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫ﺶ َﻻ َﺗﻨْﺘ َِﻘ ُﻞ َد ْﻋ َﻮى اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻐ ِﺮ ِﻳﺮ ﻟ ِ َﻮ ِارﺛِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎت ﻣﻦ ُﻏﺮ ﺑِ َﻐﺒ ٍﻦ َﻓ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺣ ٍ‬ ‫‪ .٣٥٨‬إ َذا َﻣ َ َ ْ ﱠ َ‬
‫ف ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫‪ .٣٥٩‬ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺣﺼ َﻞ َﻟﻪ َﺗ ْﻐ ِﺮﻳﺮ إ َذا ا ﱠﻃ َﻠﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻐﺒ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺨ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ف ا ْﻟﻤ ﱠﻼ ِك‪ ،‬ﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ﺣ ﱡﻖ َﻓﺴ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ َ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣٦٠‬إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ‪َ ،‬أو ُاﺳﺘُﻬﻠِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺻﺎر ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِﻌ ِﻪ َﻏﺒﻦ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ٌﺶ َو َﻏ َﺮ ٌر‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺣﺪَ َ‬
‫ث‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ ْ‬
‫ﻮن ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﻐﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮن َﺣ ﱞﻖ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ َﺦ‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺑﻨَﻰ ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺮ َﺻ َﺔ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ ُ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ َﻋ ْﻴ ٌ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻒ أو اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬أو ﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎر اﻟﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴ ِﺮﻳﺔ ﻟ ِ َﺸ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ :‬إِ َذا َﺣ َﺼ َﻠ ْﺖ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ‬‫ﻋﺎواه َﺑﻌﺪ اﻃ َﻼع ُ‬‫ﻴﺐ‪ ،‬أو ﻟﺨﻴﺎر اﻟ َﻐ ْﺒ ِﻦ واﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻐ ِﺮﻳﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُﺗ ْﺴ َﻤﻊ َد َ‬ ‫اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬

‫ﻠﺨﻴﺎر‪ ،‬إذا َﻣ ﱠﺮت َﺳﻨَﺔٌ‪ .‬وإذا ﻟﻢ َﻳ ﱠﻄﻠِ َﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ِ‬‫ﺒﺐ اﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ِ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﱠ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮات ﻻ ُﺗﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اِﺑﺘﺪا ًء ﻣِﻦ وﻗﺖ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺒﻌﺪ ُﻣﺮور َﺛﻼث‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬
‫ﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻘﺪ أو دﻋﻮى ُﻧ ْﻘﺼ ِ‬ ‫دﻋﻮى َﻓﺴﺦِ اﻟﻌ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۱۲٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫َﺎﻣ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧْﻮا ِع ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ و َأﺣﻜ ِ‬
‫َْ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧ َْﻮا ِع ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫ور ُرﻛْﻨ ِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْي ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻤ ﱢﻴ ِﺰ َوإِ َﺿﺎ َﻓ ُﺘ ُﻪ إ َﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬

‫‪ُ .٣٦١‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻓﻲ اﻧْﻌ َﻘﺎد ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ُﺻﺪُ ُ‬
‫َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َﻗﺎﺑِ ٍﻞ ﻟ ِ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻤ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣٦٢‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِﻲ ُرﻛْﻨ ِ ِﻪ َﺧ َﻠ ٌﻞ‪،‬‬

‫َﻛﺒﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﺠﻨ ِ‬
‫ُﻮن‬ ‫َْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٣‬‬

‫َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٦٣‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱡﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺑِ ُﻞ ﻟ ِ ُﺤ ْﻜ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ِﻋ َﺒ َﺎر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﻮ ُﺟﻮد ًا‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻘﺪُ َ‬
‫ور‬

‫ﻻ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﻴﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫َﻓ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﺪُ و ِم‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٤‬‬

‫ور اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻢ‬ ‫َو َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻘﺪُ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٥‬‬

‫َو َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﺑِ َﻤ ٍ‬
‫ﺎل ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﻮ ٍم‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٦‬‬

‫َﺑﺎﻃِ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺾ َأ ْو َﺻﺎﻓِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺎد ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﺸ ُﺮوﻋًﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻋﺘِ َﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺎر َﺑ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٦٤‬إ َذا و ِﺟﺪَ َﺷﺮ ُط اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َﺟﺔ‪،‬‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻬﻮ ً‬
‫ﻻ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛ ََﻤﺎ إ َذا ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٧‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺧ َﻠ ٌﻞ‬

‫َأ ْو ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٨‬‬

‫‪۱۲٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺻﺎر ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ َْ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﻣﺎﻟِﻜًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊِ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َوﻛِﻴﻼً ﻟ ِ َﻤﺎﻟِﻜِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َو ِﺻ ﱢﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫‪ .٣٦٥‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘَﺮ ُط ﻟِﻨَ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎذ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ﻮن ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﺣ ﱞﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫َو َأ ْن َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‬

‫ﺾ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َﻳ ِﺼ ُﻴﺮ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪُ َﻳ ِﺼ ُﻴﺮ ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٦٦‬ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫َْ ُ‬
‫َﺟﺎﺋِﺰ ًا ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن َﻻ ِزﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨﻴﺎر ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ات َﻻ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٣٦٧‬إ َذا ُوﺟﺪَ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َأ َﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ َ َ‬
‫‪ .٣٦٨‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‬

‫َﻛ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ِ ﱢﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٣٩‬‬

‫وﺑﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﺮ ُﻫ ِ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫َ َْ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٠‬‬

‫إﺟ َﺎز ِة َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﻳﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮﻓًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َ‬

‫‪۱۲۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن أﺣﻜﺎم أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻴﻮع‬

‫ور َة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻣﺎﻟِﻜًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬ ‫ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫‪ُ .٣٦٩‬ﺣ ْﻜ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﻠﻜ ﱠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َﺻ ْﻴ ُﺮ َ‬
‫َﻣﺎﻟِﻜًﺎ ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِﺈِ ْذ ِن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪ .٣٧٠‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻃ ُﻞ َﻻ ُﻳﻔﻴﺪُ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ َﻢ َأ ْﺻﻼً‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َأ َﻣﺎ َﻧ ًﺔ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤﻨُ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻃِﻞِ؛ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﺑِﺈِ ْذ ِن‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺪُ ﻳ ِﻔﻴﺪُ ﺣ ْﻜﻤًﺎ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺒ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٧١‬ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺾ‪َ .‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي إ َذا َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪ ًا ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﻟ ِﺰ َﻣ ُﻪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ﺻﺎر ﻣِ ْﻠﻜًﺎ َﻟﻪ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﻌًﺎ َﻓ ِ‬
‫َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣِﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﻴﺎت َﻟ ِﺰﻣﻪ ﻣِ ْﺜ ُﻠﻪ وإِ َذا ﻛ َ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎن ﻗ َﻴﻤ ّﻴًﺎ َﻟ ِﺰ َﻣ ْﺘ ُﻪ ﻗ َ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻮ َم‬ ‫َُ ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ إ َذا ﻛ َ ْ‬
‫َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪ .٣٧٢‬ﻟ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌﺎﻗﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إ َذا َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺢٍ ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﺑِ ِﻬ َﺒ ٍﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ َأ ْو َزا َد‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬أو اﺳﺘَﻬ َﻠ َﻜﻪ‪َ ،‬أو َأ ْﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﻳ ِﺪ ِه ﺑِﺒﻴ ٍﻊ ﺻ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓِ ِ‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َدار ًا َﻓ َﻌ ﱠﻤ َﺮ َﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤١‬‬

‫ﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﺠﺎر ًا‪،‬‬‫ِ‬

‫َأ ْو َأ ْرﺿًﺎ َﻓ َﻐ َﺮ َس ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٢‬‬

‫َﺎن ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ًﺔ َﻓ َﻄ َﺤﻨ ََﻬﺎ َو َﺟ َﻌ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َدﻗِﻴﻘًﺎ؛‬

‫اﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َأ ْو َﺗ َﻐ ﱠﻴ َﺮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٣‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ ِر‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬

‫َﺑ َﻄ َﻞ َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ﻓﻲ َﻫﺬه ﱡ‬
‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺲ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ َﻗ َﺒ َﺾ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ ﻛ َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٧٣‬إ َذا ُﻓ ِﺴ َﺦ ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪُ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻊ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َو َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َِﺮ ﱠد ُه ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬

‫‪۱۲۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪ .٣٧٤‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِ ُﺬ ُﻳ ِﻔﻴﺪُ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ َﻢ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮع َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻻ ِزﻣًﺎ ﻧَﺎﻓﺬ ًا َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻷَ َﺣﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﺒﺎﻳِ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٣٧٥‬إ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ ﻟِﻤﻦ َﻟﻪ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ َﻻ ِز ٍم‪ ،‬ﻛ َ َ‬
‫‪ .٣٧٦‬إ َذا ﻛ َ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎز ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﻮف ُﻳ ِﻔﻴﺪُ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﻜ َﻢ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٧٧‬ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﻗ ُ‬

‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬أ ْو َوﻛِﻴ ُﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َو ِﺻ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َوﻟ ِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ َﻧ َﻔ َﺬ‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٧٨‬ﰲ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ﱢﻲ إ َذا َأ َﺟ َﺎز ُه َﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ﻛ ﱞُﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎز ِة َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫َوإِ ﱠﻻ ا ْﻧ َﻔ َﺴ َﺦ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻟ ِ ِﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬

‫ُﻮرﻳﻦ َﻫﺎﻟِﻜًﺎ َﻻ َﺗ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎز ُة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺬﻛ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوا ْﻟ ُﻤﺠ ِﻴﺰ َوا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َﻗﺎﺋﻤًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻛَﺎن أﺣﺪُ َ‬
‫ﻴﻬ َﻤﺎ َﺷ َﺮاﺋِ ُﻂ‬
‫‪ .٣٧٩‬ﺑِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺪَ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻘﺎ َﻳ َﻀ ِﺔ ُﺣ ْﻜ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻢ َﻟ ِﺰ َم َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻢ َو َﻳﺘ ََﺴ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ﻛ ﱞُﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊِ‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َو َﻗ َﻌ ْﺖ ُﻣﻨ ََﺎز َﻋ ٌﺔ ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﺒﺎﻳِ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻣﻌًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۲۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﱠ‬
‫ﻮل‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ إ َذا َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ُﻢ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻳﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻹ َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٨٠‬ﱠ‬
‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫ش َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋَﺔ َﻛ ْﻴ ٍﻞ ﺣﻨْ َﻄﺔ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ُﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫) َأ ْﺳ َﻠ ْﻤﺘ َُﻚ َأ ْﻟ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺢ ُﻣ ْﻄ َﻠﻘًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺴﺘ َ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٨١‬ﻋَﻘﺪُ ﱠ‬
‫‪... .٣٨٢‬‬

‫‪... .٣٨٣‬‬
‫َﺎن ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻌﺪَ ِدﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‬ ‫‪َ .٣٨٤‬ﻣﺎ ﻛ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱠﻠﺒِ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٤‬‬

‫َو ْاﻵ ُﺟ ﱢﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٥‬‬

‫ﻮن َﻗﺎﻟ ِ ُﺒ ُﻪ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﺎت َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗ ْﻌﻴِﻴ ُﻦ ُﻃﻮﻟ ِ َﻬﺎ َو َﻋ ْﺮ ِﺿ َﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻮخ و َأﻣ َﺜﺎ ُﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬرو َﻋ ِ‬
‫ﺎس َوا ْﻟ ُﺠ ُ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٨٥‬ا ْﻟﻜ ْﺮ َﺑ ُ‬
‫َو ِر ﱠﻗﺘِ َﻬﺎ َوﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ﱢي َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ُﺗﻨ َْﺴ ُﺞ َوﻣِ ْﻦ ﻧ َْﺴﺞِ َأ ﱢي َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ِﻫ َﻲ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ِِ ِ‬

‫‪ُ .٣٨٦‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻟﺼ ﱠﺤﺔ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎن ِﺟﻨ ِ‬
‫ْﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴﻊِ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٦‬‬

‫َأ ْو ُأ ْر ٌز‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٧‬‬

‫َأ ْو َﺗ ْﻤ ٌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٨‬‬

‫َوﻧ َْﻮ ُﻋ ُﻪ‬

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 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﻴﻪ ﻓِﻲ ُﻋ ْﺮﻓِﻨَﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﻼً‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺎء ﻣ َﻄ ٍﺮ و ُﻫﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻧُﺴﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻛ َﻜ ْﻮﻧﻪ ُﻳ ْﺴ َﻘﻰ ﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٤٩‬‬

‫َأو ﺑِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎء اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻬ ِﺮ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِﻦ َو َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫ َﻤﺎ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ﻧَﺎ َﺳ ْﻘﻴًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٠‬‬

‫َو ِﺻ َﻔ ُﺘ ُﻪ‬

‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺠ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥١‬‬

‫َوا ْﻟ َﺨ ِﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٢‬‬

‫ﺎن ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َوا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪،‬‬

‫َو َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬

‫ﻴﻤ ِﻪ َو َﻣ َﻜﺎﻧِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ إذا ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺒ ﱠﻴﻦ َز َﻣﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻊ ُﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬه‬
‫ﺎن َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫و َزﻣ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َ‬
‫ﺴﺄﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟ ُﻌﺮف واﻟ َﻌﺎدة‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻤﻦ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﺠﻠِﺲ اﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﻠﻢ َﻻ ُﻳﺸﱰط َﺗ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٨٧‬ﻟ َﺒﻘﺎء ﺻﺤﺔ ﱠ‬

‫‪۱۳۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺼﻨَﺎ ِع‬

‫اﻟﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ َء ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧِ ﱠﻲ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا‬
‫اﺻﻨ َْﻊ ﻟِﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨَﺎﺋﻊِ‪ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﺺ ﻷَ َﺣﺪ ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ .٣٨٨‬إ َذا َﻗ َﺎل َﺷ ْﺨ ٌ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺼﻨَﺎﻋًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻧ ُﻊ َذﻟ َﻚ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ْ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻒ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﻧ َْﻮ ِع‬‫اﺻﻨ َْﻊ ﻟِﻲ َز ْو َج ُﺧ ﱟ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ َرى ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ِر ْﺟ َﻠ ُﻪ ﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻔﺎف َو َﻗ َﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ‪ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٣‬‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧِ ﱢﻲ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ُﻊ‪،‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ ْﺨﺘِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱢ َ‬
‫ﺎر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺼﻨ ََﻊ َﻟ ُﻪ َز ْو َرﻗًﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺳ ِﻔﻴﻨَ ًﺔ َو َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﻟ ُﻪ ُﻃﻮ َﻟ َﻬﺎ َو َﻋ ْﺮ َﺿ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎو َل َﻣ َﻊ ﻧ ﱠَﺠ ٍ‬ ‫َأ ْو َﺗ َﻘ َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٤‬‬

‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻼ ِز َﻣ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺠ ُﺎر‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﺼﻨ ُ‬
‫َﺎع‪.‬‬ ‫َو َأ ْو َﺻﺎ َﻓ َﻬﺎ ﱠ‬

‫اﺣﺪَ ٍة ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻤ ٍﻞ َأ ْن ﻳﺼﻨَﻊ َﻟﻪ ﻛ ََﺬا ﺑﻨْﺪُ ﻗِﻴﺔً‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎو َل َﻣ َﻊ َﺻﺎﺣ ِ َ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺗ َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٥‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮل وا ْﻟﺤﺠﻢ وﺳﺎﺋِﺮ َأوﺻﺎﻓِﻬﺎ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻼ ِز َﻣﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺒِ َﻞ َﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻄ َ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﺼﻨ ُ‬
‫َﺎع‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ ْﻃ َﻼ ِق‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫َﺎع َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٨٩‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﺷﻲ ٍء ُﺗﻌﻮﻣِ َﻞ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺼﻨَﺎ ُﻋ ُﻪ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﺼﻨ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫وط‬‫ﻴﻪ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ ُﺷ ُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ا ْﻟﻤﺪﱠ ُة ﺻﺎر ﺳ َﻠﻤًﺎ‪ ،‬و ُﺗﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َﺎﻋ ِﻪ إ َذا ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ُﱢ َ‬
‫ﻳ َﺘﻌﺎﻣ ْﻞ ﺑِﺎﺳﺘِﺼﻨ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻗﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺼﻨَﺎ ِع َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ُة ﻛ َ‬ ‫ْ َُﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺼﻨُﻮ ِع َو َﺗ ْﻌ ِﺮﻳ ُﻔ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻮاﻓِ ِﻖ‬ ‫‪َ .٣٩٠‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﻓِﻲ ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺼﻨَﺎ ِع َو ْﺻ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻄ ُﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻮب‪.‬‬
‫‪َ .٣٩١‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﻓِﻲ ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺼﻨَﺎ ِع َد ْﻓ ُﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ َﺣﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ‪َ ،‬أ ْي َو ْﻗ َﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮع‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺼﻨ ُ‬
‫ُﻮع‬ ‫‪َ .٣٩٢‬وإِ َذا ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ اﻻ ْﺳﺘ ْﺼﻨ ُ‬
‫َﺎع‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻷَ َﺣﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺼﻨ ِ ُﻊ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪.‬‬
‫ﺎف ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻄ ُﻠﻮ َﺑ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺒ ﱠﻴﻨ َِﺔ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻷَوﺻ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬

‫‪۱۳۲‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪۱۳۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َأ ْﺣﻜَﺎ ِم َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺮِ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺾ‪.‬‬

‫ض َﻣ ْﻮﺗِ ِﻪ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ ِﻷَ َﺣ ِﺪ َو َر َﺛﺘِ ِﻪ َﻳﺼﻴ ُﺮ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮﻓًﺎ‬

‫ﺺ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٩٣‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع َﺷ ْﺨ ٌ‬
‫ﻳﺾ َﻳﻨْ ُﻔ ْﺬ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َوإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ إﺟ َﺎز ِة ﺳﺎﺋِ ِﺮ ا ْﻟﻮر َﺛ ِﺔ َﻓﺈِ ْن َأﺟ ُﺎزوا ﺑﻌﺪَ ﻣﻮ ِ‬
‫ت ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِﺮ ِ‬ ‫َْ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺠ ُﻴﺰوا َﻻ َﻳﻨْ ُﻔ ْﺬ‪.‬‬

‫ض َﻣ ْﻮﺗِ ِﻪ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ِﻷَ ْﺟﻨَﺒِ ﱟﻲ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﺻ ﱠﺢ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ‬‫ﻳﺾ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎع ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫‪ .٣٩٤‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺚ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫ﺎة‪ ،‬ﻳﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻣِﻦ ُﺛ ُﻠ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫َﺎن َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ ُﻣ َﺤﺎ َﺑ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻴﻊ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺪُ ون َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﺜ ُﻠ ُﺚ َواﻓِﻴًﺎ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َﺻ ﱠﺢ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺺ‬ ‫َﺎن اﻟ ﱡﺜ ُﻠ ُﺚ َﻻ َﻳﻔﻲ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َﻟ ِﺰ َم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي إﻛ َْﻤ ُﺎل َﻣﺎ َﻧ َﻘ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛ ِﺔ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ ُﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺎؤ ُه ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛ ِﺔ‪َ .‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َأﻛ َْﻤ َﻞ َﻟ ِﺰ َم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َوإِ ﱠﻻ ﻛ َ‬
‫ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْﻋ َﻄ ُ‬

‫ﺎع اﻟﺪﱠ َار‬ ‫ش‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ﺎوي َأ ْﻟﻔًﺎ َو َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ﺺ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻚ ﱠإﻻ َدار ًا ُﺗ َﺴ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن َﺷ ْﺨ ٌ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٦‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ث َﻟﻪ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻟ ِ‬‫ض ﻣﻮﺗِ ِﻪ ِﻷَﺟﻨَﺒِﻲ َﻏﻴ ِﺮ و ِار ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ش‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ ﱟ ْ َ‬ ‫ُﻮر َة ﻓﻲ َﻣ َﺮ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻫ َﺬا‬
‫ش‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎت‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒِ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ُﺛ ُﻠ َﺚ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ِﻔﻲ ﺑِ َﻤﺎ َﺣﺎ َﺑﻰ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬
‫َﻣ َ‬

‫ﺤﻴﺤًﺎ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒﺮ ًا‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛ ِﺔ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ ُﻪ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ‪.‬‬

‫ا ْﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻ ِ‬
‫َْ ُ َ‬
‫ش‪َ ،‬و َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒِ َﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺎع َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺪﱠ َار ﺑِ َﺨ ْﻤ ِﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬ ‫َوإِ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِﺮ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺾ َﻗﺪْ َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٧‬‬

‫ﻒ ِﻏ ْﺮش‬
‫ﻒ َﻣﺎ َﺣﺎ َﺑﻰ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْﻟ ُ‬
‫ش َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺪ ُل ﻧِ ْﺼ َ‬
‫َأ ﱠن ُﺛ ُﻠ َﺚ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻫ َﻮ َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮ ٍ‬

‫ﻒ َﻣﺎ َﺣﺎ َﺑﻰ ﺑِ ِﻪ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱢر ُﺛ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛ ِﺔ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ ُﺒﻮا ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻧِ ْﺼ َ‬ ‫َﻓ ِ‬

‫َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ ِﻤﺎﺋ َِﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َأ ﱠد َاﻫﺎ ﻟِﻠﺘ ِﱠﺮﻛ َِﺔ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛ ِﺔ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢد َﻫﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬

‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻟ ْﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴ ُﺦ َو ْ‬

‫‪۱۳٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ض َﻣ ْﻮﺗِ ِﻪ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺄ َﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﺎت َﻣﺪْ ُﻳﻮﻧًﺎ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٣٩٥‬إ َذا َﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎع َﺷ ْﺨ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ِﺔ َﻣﺎ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎن ِﻷَ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎب اﻟﺪﱡ ُﻳﻮن َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﻠ ُﻔﻮا ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي ﺑِﺈِ ْﺑ َﻼ ِغ ﻗ َ‬ ‫َو َﺗ ِﺮ َﻛ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻐ َﺮ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬

‫ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮا ُه إ َﻟﻰ َﺛ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِﻛ َْﻤﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ َو َأ َداﺋِ ِﻪ ﻟِﻠﺘ ِﱠﺮﻛ َِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻔ َﻌ ْﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺴ ُﺨﻮا ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺑﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻮ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠد‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٣٩٦‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ َﻊ َو َﻓﺎ ًء َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠد اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َو َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َِﺮ ﱠد اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻤ َﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ َ‬
‫ﺺ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٣٩٧‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ و َﻻ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻮ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﻟ ِ َﺸ ْﺨ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﻗﺪْ ٌر ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺻ ﱠﺢ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٣٩٨‬إ َذا ُﺷ ِﺮ َط ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻮ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﺿﻴﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻜﺮم ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﻊ و َﻓ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء َﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ َْ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎو َل ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋ ُﻊ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﺮ َ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺗ َﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٨‬‬

‫اﻹﻳ َﻔﺎ ُء ﺑِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ‬

‫َﺎﺻ َﻔ ًﺔ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺻ ﱠﺢ َو َﻟ ِﺰ َم ْ ِ‬
‫َﻏ ﱠﻠ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻣﻨ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺸ ُﺮوحِ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎو َﻳ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﺪﱠ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺎل ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﺎل ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻮ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻣ َﺴ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻴﻤ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ .٣٩٩‬إ َذا ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻗ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺳ َﻘ َﻂ اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ُﻦ ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎ َﺑ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻧَﺎﻗ َﺼ ًﺔ َﻋ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻤ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٠٠‬إ َذا ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻗ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ََﺮ ﱠد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِ َﻲ َو َأ َﺧ َﺬ ُه ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ﻣِﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ﻳ ِﻦ ﺑِ َﻘﺪْ ِر ﻗِ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َﻓﺎ ًء َزاﺋﺪَ ة َﻋ ْﻦ ﻣ ْﻘﺪَ ِار اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ِﻦ َو َﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻤ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٠١‬إ َذا ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻗ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻫ َﻼ ُﻛ ُﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﱢ ي َﺿ ِﻤ َﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘِ ِﻪ َﻗﺪْ َر َﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﻘﺎﺑِ ُﻞ اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ َﻦ‪ .‬و ْ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﺳ َﻘ َﻂ ﻣ ْﻦ ﻗ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد ِة‪.‬‬
‫َﺎن ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ َي َأ َدا ُء ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ﱢ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺰ َﻳﺎ َد َة‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﺎت َأﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﺒﺎﻳِﻌﻴ ِﻦ و َﻓﺎء ا ْﻧ َﺘ َﻘ َﻞ ﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺴﺦِ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻮ ِار ِ‬
‫ث‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ َْ َ ً‬ ‫‪ .٤٠٢‬إ َذا َﻣ َ َ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي دﻳﻨَﻪ َﻟﻴﺲ ﻟِﺴﺎﺋِ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻐﺮﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺎء اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌ ﱡﺮ ُض ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ َو َﻓﺎ ًء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٤٠٣‬ﻣﺎ َﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘَﻮ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ ْ‬

‫‪۱۳٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬ ‫ِاﻻﺻﻄِ َﻼﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻬ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ْ .٤٠٤‬اﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ا ْﻟﻜِ َﺮا ُء‪َ :‬أ ْي َﺑﺪَ ُل ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺠ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ َﺎرا ُة‬ ‫َو ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َ‬
‫َو ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ُﺎر ِاﻻﻛْﺘِ َﺮا ُء‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫اﻹ َ‬‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱡﻠ َﻐ ِﺔ اﻟ َﻌ َﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺪْ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻠ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٤٠٥‬‬

‫ض‬ ‫َأﻳﻀًﺎ‪ .‬وﻓِﻲ اﺻﻄِ َﻼحِ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﻬ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎ َﺑ َﻠ ِﺔ ِﻋ َﻮ ٍ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ َو ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‬ ‫ﺎر ﱠﻳ ُﺔ َﻋ ْﻦ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﺤ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻼ ِز َﻣ ُﺔ‪ِ :‬ﻫﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﱠ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٤٠٦‬‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻷَ َﺣ ِﺪ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺮ َﻓ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻼ ُﻋ ْﺬ ٍر‪.‬‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة ا ْﻟﻤﻨَﺠ َﺰ ُة‪ِ :‬ﻫﻲ إﻳﺠﺎر ا ْﻋﺘِﺒﺎر ًا ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ٌ َ‬ ‫‪ ُ َ َ ِ ْ .٤٠٧‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة ا ْﻟﻤ َﻀﺎ َﻓ ُﺔ إﻳﺠﺎر ﻣﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ َﺒﻞٍ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ٌ ُ ْ ٌَ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ُ َ َ ِ ْ .٤٠٨‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧِ ﱢﻲ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت َد ٌار ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا ُﻧ ُﻘﻮد ًا ﻟ ِ َﻜ َﺬا ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة ا ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر ًا ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ﱠو ِل ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٥٩‬‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ًة ُﻣ َﻀﺎ َﻓ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ‪.‬‬

‫ْاﻵﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮن َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪،‬‬

‫ﻮر ﺑِ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ْ .٤٠٩‬اﻵﺟ ُﺮ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُأ ْﻋﻄ َﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬
‫ﺎري ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َو ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬
‫َوﻣ َﺆ ﱢﺟﺮ ﺑِ َﻜﺴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻴ ِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ٌ ْ‬

‫‪۱۳۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺠ ِ‬‫‪ .٤١٠‬ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻜﺴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻲ ُء ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻜِ َﺮ ِاء‪،‬‬ ‫‪ .٤١١‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫ﻮر‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬ َﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠ ِ‬‫َو ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺆ ﱠﺟﺮ َوا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ َﺟﺮ ﺑِ َﻔﺘْﺢِ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ُ ُ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻸ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ِﻷَ ْﺟ ِﻞ‬
‫ﺠﻴﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺎل ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻤ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﻟ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫‪ .٤١٢‬ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘْﺢِ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ َُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫إﻳ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ا ْﻟﺘ ََﺰ َﻣ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎط َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴ َﻄ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎب ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُأ ْﻋﻄِﻴﺖ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٠‬‬

‫ﺎل ﻟ ِ َﻴﻨْ ُﻘ َﻠ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫َوا ْﻟ ُﺤ ُﻤﻮ َﻟ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُأ ْﻋﻄِﻴﺖ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦١‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫‪ْ .٤١٣‬اﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َ‬
‫آﺟ َﺮ َﻧ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟ ِ ِﻤﻴ َﻦ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ض‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤١٤‬أ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﻗﺪﱠ َر ْﺗ َﻬﺎ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ ا ْﻟﺨ ْﺒ َﺮة ﱠ‬
‫‪ْ .٤١٥‬اﻷَ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُذﻛِ َﺮ ْت َو َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ َْﺖ ِﺣﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺎت‪َ ،‬وﻗِﻴ َﻤﺘِ ِﻪ ْ‬

‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻠِﻴ ِ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ ْ‬‫اﻟﺸﻲ ِء ْ‬ ‫َ ِْ‬ ‫‪ .٤١٦‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ َﻤﺎن‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ إ ْﻋﻄﺎ ُء ﻣﺜ ِﻞ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴ ِﻤﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫‪... .٤١٧‬‬

‫‪ .٤١٨‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺮ ِﺿ ُﻊ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ا ْﻟﺘ ََﺰ َم ﻇِ ْﺌﺮ ًا ﺑِ ْﺎﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ‬

‫‪ .٤١٩‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻬﺎ َﻳ َﺄ ُة‪ِ :‬ﻋ َﺒ َﺎر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺴ ِ‬

‫َﺎو َﺑ ًﺔ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‬ ‫ﻛَﺈِ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﺮ ِار َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻧْﺘِ َﻔﺎ ِع َأ َﺣ ِﺪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻜ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﺳﻨَ ًﺔ َو ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ ُأ ْﺧ َﺮى ُﻣﻨ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٢‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮﻛَﺔ ُﻣﻨ َ‬
‫َﺎﺻ َﻔﺔً‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮﻣ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻂ ا ْﻟﻌﻤ ِ‬
‫ُُ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻮاﺑِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة اﻟﺘﻲ َﺗ ِﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ اِﺳﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻬﻼك‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ِﻫﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ‪َ .‬ﺗﺠﻮز ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٢٠‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻘﻮ ُد َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻌ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻷَﺷﻴﺎء ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤﻠﺔ َﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺜﻞ إﻳﺠﺎر اﻟ َﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﻟ َﻘ ْﻄ ِﻊ اﻷَ َ‬
‫ﺷﺠﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٣‬‬

‫ﻮد َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻧ َْﻮ َﻋ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﺎر ا ْﻟﻤﻌ ُﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٤٢١‬‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﺑِﺎ ْﻋﺘ َﺒ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﻠﺸ ْﻲ ِء ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺆ ﱠﺟ ِﺮ‬
‫ﺎن َو ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل ﻟ ِ ﱠ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ا ْﻟﻮ ِار ِد َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﻋﻴ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻮ ُع ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ْ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻮر َو َﻋ ْﻴ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ َﺬا اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻮ ُع َﻳﻨْ َﻘ ِﺴ ُﻢ إ َﻟﻰ َﺛ َﻼ َﺛ ِﺔ َأ ْﻗ َﺴﺎ ٍم‪:‬‬
‫َﻋ ْﻴ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺎر‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل‪َ :‬‬
‫ور و ْاﻷَر ِ‬
‫اﺿﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر اﻟﺪﱡ ِ َ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫ﻛَﺈِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٤‬‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫وض‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫ﺲ َو ْاﻷَ َواﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻼﺑِ ِ‬ ‫ﻛَﺈِ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٥‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اب‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ُﺚ‪َ :‬‬
‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة اﻟﺪﱠ َو ﱢ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِار ِد َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫﻨَﺎ ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫ﻮر َأ ِﺟ ٌﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ْﱠﻮ ُع اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ْ ِ‬

‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﺨﺪَ َﻣ ِﺔ َوا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ ﺑﺎﻷُﺟﺮة‪،‬‬‫َﺎﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ‬

‫ﻛ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٦‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻨَﺎﺋِ ِﻊ ُﻫ َﻮ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻘﺒِﻴﻞِ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر َأرﺑ ِ ِ ِ‬

‫ﺎب ا ْﻟﺤ َﺮف َو ﱠ‬
‫و ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ ْ َ‬‫َ ْ‬

‫‪۱۳۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ًة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎط ﻣ َﺜﻼً ﻟِﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻂ َﺛ ْﻮﺑًﺎ َﻳﺼ ُﻴﺮ َ‬
‫ﺨ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إن إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ َء اﻟ ُﻘﻤﺎش ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ﱠﻴ َ‬
‫َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٧‬‬

‫ﺎط ِ‬‫ﺎش ﻣِﻦ ِﻋﻨ ِْﺪ ا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ِ‬

‫ب َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﻤ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎع‪.‬‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺼﻨ ٌ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َأ ﱠن َﺗ ْﻘﻄ َ‬
‫ﻴﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْﻮ ِ‬

‫‪ْ .٤٢٢‬اﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﺎص ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟﻘ ْﺴ ُﻢ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل ُﻫ َﻮ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱡ‬
‫ﻒ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎد ِم ا ْﻟﻤﻮ ﱠﻇ ِ‬
‫ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٨‬‬

‫ط َأ ﱠﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﻟ ِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ِﻘﺴﻢ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ ُﻫﻮ ْاﻷَ ِﺟﻴﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘَﺮ ُك ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟﻴﺲ ﺑِﻤ َﻘﻴ ٍﺪ ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٦٩‬‬

‫َواﻟﺪﱠ ﱠﻻ ِل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٠‬‬

‫وا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎط‪،‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧١‬‬

‫واﻟﺴﺎ َﻋﺎﺗِ ﱢﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٢‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﺎﺋِ ِﻎ‪،‬‬
‫َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٣‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ َﻮاﻧِﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎب ﱠ ِ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺰ َو ِارق ﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫َو َأ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٤‬‬

‫ﺎب َﻋ َﺮ َﺑﺎت ا ْﻟﻜِ َﺮ ِاء‪،‬‬

‫َو َأ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٥‬‬

‫وأﻳﻀًﺎ ُرﻋﺎة اﻟ ُﻘﺮى‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٦‬‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ‬

‫ﺺو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﺈن ُﻛﻼً ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء َأ ِﺟ ٌﻴﺮ ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ٌك َﻻ َﻳ ْﺨﺘ ﱡ‬
‫َﺺ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺨ ٍ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫َأﺣ ٍﺪ‪َ .‬ﻟﻜِﻨﱠﻪ َﻟﻮ ُاﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟﺮ َأﺣﺪُ َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﻌﻤ َﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ إ َﻟﻰ و ْﻗ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺖ‪َ .‬وﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﺣ ﱠﻤ ٌﺎل‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُذو‬
‫ﻮن َأ ِﺟﻴﺮ ًا َﺧﺎﺻًﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﻣﺪﱠ ِة َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫‪۱٤۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﺨ ُﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َو َأ ْن‬ ‫َﻋﺮﺑ ٍﺔ َأو ُذو َزور ٍق إ َﻟﻰ ﻣﺤ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻌﻴ ٍﻦ ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ط َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ََ ْ‬
‫ﺎص إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ِﺼ َﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﻟ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮه‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َأ ِﺟ ٌﻴﺮ َﺧ ﱞ‬
‫اﺣﺪ ًا‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬
‫ﻮز َأ ْن‬ ‫ﻮن ﻣﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺨﺎص َﺷ ْﺨﺼًﺎ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪ .٤٢٣‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﺟ َﺎز َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮي َأ ِﺟ ٍﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺺو ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎص ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َد ُة ا ﱠﻟﺬﻳ َﻦ ُﻫ ْﻢ ﻓﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ َﺷ ْﺨ ٍ َ‬
‫ﻮن ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﺨ ُ‬
‫َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﺨ ُﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﺑِ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬ ‫اﻋﻴًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫َﺧﺎص‪ ،‬ﺑِﻨَﺎء َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ َﻟﻮ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ َﻗﺮﻳ ٍﺔ ر ِ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫ً ْ ْ ْ ََ‬ ‫ﱟ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺣ ٍﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﺑِﻌ ْﻘ ٍﺪ و ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ َأ ِﺟﻴﺮ ًا َﺧ ّ‬
‫ﺎﺻًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺟ ﱠﻮ ُزوا َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺮ َﻋﻰ َد َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮن ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫َﺎن ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻋﻲ َأ ِﺟﻴﺮ ًا ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮﻛًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِﻫ ْﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛ َ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫‪ْ .٤٢٤‬اﻷَ ِﺟﻴﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘَﺮ ُك َﻻ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة ﱠإﻻ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎﺿﺮ ًا ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺸ َﺮ ُط‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ﺣ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ ْاﻷُﺟﺮ َة إ َذا ﻛ َ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺪﱠ ة ْ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪ْ .٤٢٥‬اﻷَ ِﺟﻴﺮ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫ُ َْ‬
‫َﻋﻤ ُﻠﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِﻔﻌ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻦ َﻟﻴﺲ َﻟﻪ َأ ْن ﻳﻤﺘَﻨِﻊ َﻋﻦ ا ْﻟﻌﻤ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وإِ َذا اﻣ َﺘﻨَﻊ َﻻ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ َ ْ ََ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ َﻲ َﻋ ْﻴﻨ ََﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ﻣِ ْﺜ َﻠ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻣﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﻖ َﻣﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٢٦‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫ُدوﻧ ََﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ َﻲ َﻣﺎ َﻓ ْﻮ َﻗ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ َأ ْن ﻳﻌﻤ َﻞ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ َﺻﻨْ َﻌ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎو َﻳ ًﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟﻮ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ ا ْﻟﺤﺪﱠ اد ﺣﺎﻧُﻮﺗًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﻌﻤ َﻞ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٧‬‬

‫ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤ َﻀﺮ ِة ﻟِﺼﻨْﻌ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﺤﺪﱠ ِ‬

‫اد‪.‬‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻻ ﻟ ِ َﻴﺴ ُﻜﻦ‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻦ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜ ْﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ َو َﺿ َﻊ اﻷَﺷ َﻴﺎء ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﺟﺎﺋﺰ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ اِ ْﺳ َﺘ ْﺄﺟﺮ َﻣﻨ ِْﺰ ً‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٨‬‬

‫ﻴﻪ ﺻﻨْﻌ َﺔ ا ْﻟﺤﺪﱠ ِ‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اد‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َﺣﺎﻧُﻮﺗًﺎ ﻟ ْﻠﻌ َﻄ َﺎرة‪َ ،‬أ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﻓ َ َ َ‬
‫َو َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٧٩‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟﻤﺴ َﺘﻌ ِﻤﻠِﻴﻦ ﻳﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴﺪُ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺑِ ْ‬
‫اﺧ َﺘ َﻠ َ‬
‫‪ .٤٢٧‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻣﺎ ْ‬
‫ُ ْ ْ َ ُ ْ َُ‬

‫‪۱٤۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮى َأ َﺣﺪٌ ﻟ ِ ُﺮﻛُﻮﺑِ ِﻪ َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺮﻛِ َﺒ َﻬﺎ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه‪.‬‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٠‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟﻤﺴ َﺘﻌ ِﻤﻠِﻴﻦ َﻓﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘﻴِﻴﺪُ ﻓِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻪ َﻟ ْﻐ ٌﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٤٢٨‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺨﺘَﻠِ ُ‬
‫ﻒ ﺑِ ْ‬
‫ُ ْ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺄﺟﻮر َﻗﺎﺑِﻼً‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻴﻮع اﻷَﺻﻠﻲ ﻻ ُﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻋﻘﺪَ اﻹﺟﺎرة‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺴﻮاء ﻛﺎن َ‬
‫‪ .٤٢٩‬ﱡ‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺼﺘَﻪ َ‬
‫ﺆﺟﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﱠ‬
‫أن ُﻳ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﱠﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬أو ﻏﻴﺮ َﻗﺎﺑِ ٍﻞ ﻟﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳﺠﻮز ﻷي‬

‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ إﻟﻰ َﺷﺮﻳﻜِﻪ‪ ،‬وأﻳﻀًﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﱠ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪،‬‬

‫ﺎر ُئ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﻔ ِﺴﺪُ َﻋ ْﻘﺪَ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮع اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٤٣٠‬ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﻴ ُ‬
‫َﺤ ّﻖ‪َ ،‬ﺗﺒ َﻘﻰ ِ‬
‫ﻒ ِﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ﱠﺼﺔ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ َﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َد ِاره‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﻧ ْﺼ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨١‬‬

‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻠﺸ ِﺮﻳ َﻜ ْﻴ ِﻦ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺟ َﺮا َﻣﺎ َﻟ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ َك ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ َﻣﻌًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ُ .٤٣١‬ﻳ َﺴ ﱠﻮ ُغ ﻟ ِ ﱠ‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻟ ِ َﺸ ْﺨ َﺼ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱞُﻞ ﻣِﻨ ُْﻬ َﻤﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ َار‬ ‫ﻮز إﻳﺠﺎر َﺷﻲ ٍء و ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٣٢‬ﻳ ُﺠ ُ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑِ ُﺄ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ِﺣ ﱠﺼ ِﺔ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻛ َِﻔﻴﻼً َﻟ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺣ ﱠﺼﺘﻪ َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﻄﺎ َﻟ ْ‬
‫َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﺮ ﱠﺗ َ‬

‫‪۱٤۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ُﺮﻛ ِْﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻮل ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻹ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٣٣‬ﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﺑِ ْ ِ‬

‫ﺎت ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺗ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﻟ ِ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ُﻫﻤﺎ ِﻋﺒﺎر ٌة َﻋﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻜﻠِﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻮل ﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ َ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻹﻳﺠﺎب وا ْﻟ َﻘﺒ ُ ِ‬
‫‪ُ َ ُ َ ِ ْ .٤٣٤‬‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ ْﺮ ُت( َو) َﻗﺒِ ْﻠ ُﺖ(‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻛـ) َ‬
‫آﺟ ْﺮ ُت َو)ﻛ ََﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ( َو) ْ‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ َو َﻻ َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِ ِﺼﻴ َﻐ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ َﺒﻞِ‪،‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة ﻛَﺎ ْﻟﺒﻴ ِﻊ َأﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺗﻨْﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِ ِﺼﻴ َﻐ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬ ‫‪َ َ ِ ْ .٤٣٥‬‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ ْﺮ ُت(‪،‬‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪٌ ‪َ ) :‬ﺳ ُﺄ َؤ ﱢﺟ ُﺮ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ‪ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٢‬‬

‫آﺟ ْﺮ ُت(‬ ‫َأ ْو َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪٌ ‪ِ ) :‬‬

‫آﺟ ْﺮ( َو َﻗ َﺎل ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ‪َ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٣‬‬

‫ﻮر َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻻ َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﻌ َﻠﻰ ﻛ ْﻠﺘَﺎ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺸﺎ َﻓ َﻬ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜﺎ َﺗ َﺒ ِﺔ َوﺑِﺈِ َﺷ َﺎر ِة ْاﻷَ ْﺧ َﺮ ِ‬
‫س‬ ‫‪ .٤٣٦‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ْ ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺮو َﻓ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ َﻌﺎﻃِﻲ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٤٣٧‬و َﺗﻨْ َﻌ ِﻘﺪُ ْ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺧ َﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴﺎﻓِ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ‬

‫ُﻮب ﻓِﻲ ﺑ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﺎﻟﺮﻛ ِ‬
‫ﻛ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٤‬‬

‫َو َز َو ِار ِق ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻮاﻧِﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٥‬‬

‫ﺎو َﻟ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬

‫اب ا ْﻟﻜ َﺮاء ﻣ ْﻦ ُدون ُﻣ َﻘ َ‬
‫َو َد َو ﱢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٦‬‬

‫َﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛَﺎ َﻧ ْﺖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ ُأ ْﻋﻄِﻴﺖ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓﻴﻠﺰم إﻋﻄﺎ ُء ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ُﻳ َﻌﺪﱡ َﻗ ُﺒﻮ ً‬

‫ﻻ َو ِر َﺿﺎ ًء‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮت ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫‪ .٤٣٨‬ﱡ‬

‫‪۱٤۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬ ِﺮ ﺑِ َﺨﻤ ِﺴﻴﻦ ِﻏﺮﺷًﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪَ َأ ْن ﺳ َﻜﻦ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َﺣﺎﻧُﻮﺗًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٧‬‬

‫إن ر ِﺿ َ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣﺪﱠ َة َأ ْﺷ ُﻬ ٍﺮ َأ َﺗﻰ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﺑِﺪاﻳﺔ ﱠ‬

‫ﻴﺖ ﺑِﺴﺘﱢﻴ َﻦ ﻏﺮوﺷًﺎ َﻓ ْ‬
‫ﺎﺳ ُﻜ ْﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺮ َو َﻗ َﺎل‪َ ْ ) :‬‬
‫اﺳﺘ ََﻤ ﱠﺮ َﺳﺎﻛِﻨًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻧُﻮت( َو َر ﱠد ُه ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ُﺮ َو َﻗ َﺎل‪َ ) :‬ﻟ ْﻢ َأ ْر َض(‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﺎﺧ ُﺮ ْج ﻣﻦ َ‬ ‫َوإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ ْ‬

‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ ِﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰﻣﻪ َﺧﻤﺴ َ ِ‬

‫ﻮن ﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُُ ْ ُ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ََﻤ ﱠﺮ َﺳﺎﻛِﻨًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ِﺳﺘﱢﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻘ ْﻞ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺨ ُﺮ ْج ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎﻧُﻮت‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٨‬‬

‫ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ُﻮت‪) :‬ﻣِﺎ َﺋ ُﺔ ِﻏ ْﺮش(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ‪َ ) :‬ﺛ َﻤﺎﻧ َ‬
‫ُﻮن(‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺐ ا ْﻟﺤﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َﺻ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٨٩‬‬

‫َو َأ ْﺑ َﻘﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺎﻟ ِ ُﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ِﻘﻲ ُﻫ َﻮ َﺳﺎﻛِﻨًﺎ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻤﺎﻧ َ‬
‫ُﻮن‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ََﻤ ﱠﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﺳﺎﻛِﻨًﺎ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َو َﻟ ْﻮ َأ َﺻ ﱠﺮ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺮ َﻓﺎن َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻛ ََﻼﻣ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٠‬‬

‫ﻴﺪ ِه‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺗﻨ ِْﺰﻳﻠِ ِﻪ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٤٣٩‬ﻟﻮ َﺗ َﻘﺎو َﻻ ﺑﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺗﺒ ِﺪﻳ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﺒﺪَ ِل‪َ ،‬أو َﺗ ْﺰﻳِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ َْ َ‬
‫ﻮل َو ْﻗﺘِ َﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻷَ َﺣ ِﺪ‬
‫ﻴﺤ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ُﺣ ُﻠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٤٤٠‬‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ َﻓ ُﺔ َﺻﺤ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﺑِ ُﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮ ِد َﻗ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻣﺎ َ‬
‫آن َو ْﻗﺘ َُﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻴﺤ ًﺔ َﻻ َﻳ ُﺴﻮ ُغ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑِ ُﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮ ِد َﺿ ﱢﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻣﺎ ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ْت َﺻﺤ َ‬ ‫‪ِ ْ .٤٤١‬‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪َ ،‬أو ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫آﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻮﺻ ﱡﻲ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺘ ََﻮ ﱢﻟﻲ َﻋ َﻘ َﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻴﺘ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎرجِ َﻋ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮة‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻮ َ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪَ ًة َو َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ْ ِ َ َ‬‫ﺺ ﻣِ ْﻦ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻧ َﻘ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ث‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِﻫ َﺒ ٍﺔ َﻳ ُﺰ ُ‬
‫ول ُﺣ ْﻜ ُﻢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر ﺑِﺈِر ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٤٢‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻣ َﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ُﺮ َﻋ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ ْ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َﺗﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرةُ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ِ‬ ‫ث ُﻋ ْﺬر ﻣﺎﻧِﻊ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٤٣‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺣﺪَ َ‬
‫ﻹ ْﺟ َﺮاء ُﻣ َ‬ ‫ٌ َ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺰ ْو َﺟ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﺗﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎت َأ َﺣﺪُ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎخ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻌ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫س‪َ ،‬و َﻣ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﻃ ﱠﺒ ٌ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩١‬‬

‫‪۱٤٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﺟ ِﻪ ﺑِﻜﺬا ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َز َال‬

‫إﺧﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎو َل اﻟ ﱠﻄﺒِ َ‬
‫ﻴﺐ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْ َ‬
‫وﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﱢﻪ َأ َﻟ ٌﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٢‬‬

‫ْاﻷَ َﻟ ُﻢ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﺗﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة‪.‬‬
‫ﺎة اﻟﺼﺒِﻲ َأو اﻟ ﱢﻈ ْﺌ ِﺮ و َﻻ َﺗﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ﺑِﻮ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎة ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺮ ِﺿ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة ﺑِﻮ َﻓ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫َوﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﺗﻨْ َﻔﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٣‬‬

‫ﻮر إِﻟﻰ َﺑ ْﻠﺪَ ٍة ُأ ْﺧ َﺮى‪ُ ،‬ﻳ ْﻤﻜِﻦ‬‫أي َﻣﺄ ُﻣ ٍ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺄ ُﻣ ِ‬

‫ﻮرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬إِذا َذ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﺑِﺴﺒﺐ َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻮﻳﻞ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴ َﺘ َﺄ َﺟ َﺮة ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫َأ ْن َﻳﻔﺴ َﺦ إِﺟﺎر َة َأرﺿﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ َﺗ ْﺴ ُﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬‬
‫ﺄﺟﻮر‪،‬‬‫اﻟﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎرة‪ ،‬إذا َأراد اﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪َ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ُﻣ ُﺮور ُﻣﺪﱠ ة ﻣِﻦ ِ‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎرة إذا َﺷﺎء َﻗﺒِﻞ‪ ،‬وإذا ﺷﺎء اﻣﺘﻨﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺄﺟﺮ ُﻣﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﻓ ْﺴﺦِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ‬

‫‪۱٤٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو َﻧ َﻔﺎ ِذ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫وط اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬

‫ﺎد ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َأ ْﻫﻠِ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ ﻛ َْﻮ َﻧ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ َﻋﺎﻗِ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻦ ُﻣ َﻤ ﱢﻴ َﺰ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٤٤٤‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘَﺮ ُط ﻓِﻲ اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬
‫ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ ،‬وا ﱢﺗﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎد َﻣ ْﺠﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ُﺒ ِ َ َ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ِ‬ ‫‪ُ .٤٤٥‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ُﻣ َﻮا َﻓ َﻘ ُﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﺒ ُﻴﻮ ِع‪.‬‬

‫ف‪َ ،‬أ ْو َوﻟ ِ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو‬

‫ﻮن ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ ﻣﺘَﺼﺮﻓًﺎ ﺑِﻤﺎ ﻳ ْﺆﺟﺮه‪َ ،‬أو وﻛِ ُﻴﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ُ َُُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٤٦‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫َو ِﺻ ﱡﻴ ُﻪ‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺘ ََﺼ ﱢﺮ ُ‬

‫ف‬ ‫‪َ .٤٤٧‬ﺗﻨْﻌ ِﻘﺪُ إﺟﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟِﻲ ﻣﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ إﺟ َﺎز ِة ا ْﻟﻤﺘَﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ف‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ُ َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱢ َْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮﻟ ِ ﱢﻲ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻗﻮ َﻓ ًﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺻﻐﻴﺮ ًا‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻣ ْﺠﻨُﻮﻧًﺎ َوﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َة ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﺗﻨْ َﻌﻘﺪُ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌ ُﻘﻮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗِﺴﻤًﺎ أو‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎزة َوﻟ ﱢﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َوﺻ ﱢﻴﻪ َﻟﻜ ْﻦ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ اﺷﺘ ََﺮﻃﻮا َﺑ َﻘﺎء َ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ َ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﰲ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻹﺟﺎزة‪ ،‬إذا ﻛﺎن َﺑﺪَ ُل َ‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮوض‪ ،‬إذن ﻳﺸﱰط َﺑ َﻘﺎؤه‬
‫اﻟﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎل‬ ‫وﻗﻴﺎ ُﻣﻪ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻴًﺎ ﻗﺴﻤًﺎ و َﻟﺤ َﻘﺖ اﻹﺟﺎزة‪َ ،‬‬
‫وﺻﺎﺣﺐ َ‬
‫اﻷﺟﺮ ِة‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺴ َﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ُﻖ َﺗﻤﺎ َم‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۱٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬

‫وط ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ِر َﺿﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ .٤٤٨‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻓِﻲ ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ ْ ِ‬

‫‪َ .٤٤٩‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗ ْﻌﻴِﻴ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫ﻮر‬

‫ﻴﻦ َأ ْو ﺗﺨﻴِ ٍﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑِﻨَﺎء َﻋ َﻠﻴ ِﻪ َﻻ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ إﻳﺠﺎر َأﺣ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﺤﺎﻧُﻮ َﺗﻴ ِﻦ ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫ون َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ٍ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ً ْ َ ﱡ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٤‬‬

‫ﻮن ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ُ .٤٥٠‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻮن َﻣﺎﻧِﻌًﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤﻨ ََﺎز َﻋ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﻮ ْﺟ ٍﻪ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ‬
‫‪ُ .٤٥١‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﻣ َﺜ ِ‬

‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﺎن ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣ ًﺔ ﺑِﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٥٢‬ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ َﺗ ُﻜ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٥‬‬

‫وا ْﻟﺤﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫ُﻮت‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٦‬‬

‫َواﻟ ﱢﻈ ْﺌ ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٧‬‬

‫ُﻮب َأ ْو ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ‬‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻟ ِ ﱡﻠﺮﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﺎر اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ َﺗ ْﻌﻴِﻴ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٥٣‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﻋﻨْﺪَ ْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ َأ ْو ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎب َﻣ ْﻦ َﺷﺎ َء َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻤ ِ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﻹ ْرﻛ ِ‬ ‫َﺐ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ِ ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺮﻛ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ﻛ َْﻮﻧِ َﻬﺎ ِﻷَ ﱢي َﺷﻲ ٍء ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت‪َ ،‬ﻣ َﻊ َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫اﺿﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﺎر ْاﻷَر ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ َ‬
‫‪ .٤٥٤‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم ﻓِﻲ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْو ُﻳ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن َﻳ ْﺰ َر َع َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َء َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻟ ِ ﱠﻠﺰ ْر ِع َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺎن َﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْﺰ َر ُع ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٨‬‬

‫اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤﻞِ‪َ .‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎر َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﺼﻨْﻌ ِﺔ ﺑِﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ ََ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ ﻓﻲ ْ‬
‫‪َ .٤٥٥‬ﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﻴﻦ َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻤﻠِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ َأ ْو َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬

‫‪۱٤۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن َﻟ ْﻮﻧِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو إ ْﻋ َﻼ ُم ِر ﱠﻗﺘِ َﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻠﺼ ﱠﺒﺎ ِغ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻓﺈِ َذا ُأ ِرﻳﺪَ َﺻ ْﺒ ُﻎ اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎب َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َإراءﲥَﺎ ﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.١٩٩‬‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﻳﻨْ َﻘ ُﻞ‬

‫ﺎﻹ َﺷ َﺎر ِة َوﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ا ْﻟﻤﻨْ َﻔﻌ ُﺔ ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣ ًﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻧ ْﻘ ِﻞ ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﺑِ ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٥٦‬ﺗ ُﻜ ُ َ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ْﻤ َﻞ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧِﻲ( َﺗ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ‬ ‫ﺎل‪ُ ) :‬ا ْﻧ ُﻘ ْﻞ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ﻗِ َﻴﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٠‬‬

‫ﺎﻫﺪ ًا َوا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟ ِ َﻜﻮ ِن ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ ُﻣ َﺸ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬ ‫‪ُ .٤٥٧‬ﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُط َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ُﺔ َﻣﻘﺪُ ورة‬

‫إﻳﺠ ُﺎر اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ﱠﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َﻻ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠١‬‬

‫‪۱٤۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو ُﺑ ْﻄ َﻼﻧِ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻓﺴ ِ‬

‫ﺎد ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وط اِﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘﺎدﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫إن َﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪْ َأﺣﺪُ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٥٨‬ﺗ ْﺒ ُﻄ ُﻞ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ْ ْ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً إﻳﺠﺎر ا ْﻟﻤﺠﻨ ِ‬
‫ُﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫َ ُ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٢‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﺒِ ﱢﻲ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻤ ﱢﻴ ِﺰ‬
‫َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٣‬‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة ﺑِﺠﻨ ِ‬
‫ُﻮن ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻛَﺎﺳﺘِ ْﺌﺠ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎرﻫ َﻤﺎ َﺑﺎﻃ ٌﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻻ َﺗﻨْ َﻔﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎد َﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ْ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ا ْﻟﺒﺎﻃِ َﻠ ِﺔ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻌ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫‪َ .٤٥٩‬ﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫ُﻮن ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ْﻜ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻴﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻴﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪َ .‬وا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺠﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﻣ ُﺎل ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة و َﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪْ َأﺣﺪُ ُﺷﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة َﻟﻮ و ِﺟﺪَ ْت ُﺷﺮ ُ ِ ِ‬
‫وط‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫وط اﻧْﻌ َﻘﺎد ْ ِ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٦٠‬ﺗ ْﻔ ُﺴﺪُ ْ ِ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻚ ْاﻷَ ْﺟ َﺮ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ا ْﻟ َﻔﺎﺳﺪَ ُة ﻧَﺎﻓ َﺬ ٌة‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜ ﱠﻦ ْاﻵ ِﺟ َﺮ َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻚ ﻓ َ‬
‫‪ِ ْ .٤٦١‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ان َﺑﺎﻗِﻲ‬
‫ﻻ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌ ُﻀﻪ َﻋﻦ ﻓِ ْﻘﺪَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻳﻨ َْﺸ ُﺄ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻦ ﻛ َْﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒﺪَ ِل َﻣ ْﺠ ُﻬﻮ ً َ َ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫‪َ .٤٦٢‬ﻓ َﺴﺎ ُد ْ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﺷ َﺮاﺋﻂ ﱢ‬
‫ﻮر ِة ْاﻷُو َﻟﻰ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ َﺑﺎﻟِﻐًﺎ َﻣﺎ َﺑ َﻠ َﻎ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓﻔﻲ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫وﻓِﻲ اﻟﺼ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮرة اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧ َﻴﺔ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط َأ ْن َﻻ َﻳﺘ ََﺠ َ‬
‫ﺎو َز ْاﻷَ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫‪۱٤۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎن َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ َﻞ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِ ْﺎﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو َأ ْو َﺻﺎﻓِ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻮاﻟِ ِﻪ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬

‫ﻮز َأ ْن‬ ‫ﻻ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﻳ ْﺼ ُﻠ ُﺢ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﺑﺪَ ً‬ ‫‪َ .٤٦٣‬ﻣﺎ َﺻ ُﻠ َﺢ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﺑﺪَ ً‬

‫ﻮن َﺛ َﻤﻨًﺎ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻲ ُء ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺼ ُﻠ ْﺢ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ً ِ ِ‬
‫َﻳﻜﻮن َﺑﺪَ ﻻ ﻓﻲ ْاﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻣِ َﺜ ُﺎل َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪:‬‬

‫ُﻮب َدا ﱠﺑ ٍﺔ َأ ْو َﺳ َﻜ ِﻦ َد ٍار‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎ َﺑ َﻠ ِﺔ ُرﻛ ِ‬
‫ﻮز َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ ُﺑ ْﺴﺘ ٌ‬
‫َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٤‬‬

‫َﺎن َﻧ ْﻘﺪ ًا َﻛ َﺜ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار ِه ْ‬

‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮﻣًﺎ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٦٤‬ﺑﺪَ ُل ْ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻼ ِ‬
‫ت َأ ْو‬ ‫وض َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻤﻜِ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو َو ْﺻ ِﻔ ِﻪ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎن ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٦٥‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺑ َﻴ ُ‬

‫ﺎر َﺑ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎت َأو ا ْﻟﻌﺪَ ِدﻳ ِ‬

‫ﺎت ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ْ َ ﱠ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤﻮ ُزوﻧ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎج إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺌﻮﻧَﺔ ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُﺷ ِﺮ َط َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ُﻪ‬ ‫َو َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﺤﺘ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﻓِ ِ‬

‫ﻮر َﻋ َﻘﺎر ًا‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻔﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫وإِ َذا َﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻣ َﻜﺎن اﻹﻳ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪ ،‬وإن‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫ﺎء‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ﻛَﺎن َ‬ ‫ْ َُﱠ َ‬
‫ﺎن ُﻟ ُﺰو ِم اﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬
‫َﺎن ﺣﻤﻮ َﻟ ًﺔ َﻓ ِﻔﻲ ﻣ َﻜ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎن َﻋ َﻤﻼً َﻓﻔﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ﱢﻞ َﻋ َﻤ ِﻞ اﻷَﺟﻴِﺮ‪ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎﺟ ًﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺌﻮﻧ َِﺔ َﻓ ِﻔﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َو َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺴ ْﺖ ُﻣ ْﺤﺘ َ‬
‫ُﻳ ْﺨﺘ َُﺎر ﻟِﻠﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺐ ُﻟﺰُو ِم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َو َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ْاﺳﺘِ ْﺤ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎق ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮِ‬ ‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ َﺴ َﺒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﺑِ ُﻤ َﺠ ﱠﺮ ِد‬

‫ﻴﻢ َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٦٦‬ﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ ِﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨﻲ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻻ‪.‬‬‫ﺎد َﻫﺎ َﺣﺎ ً‬‫اﻧ ِْﻌ َﻘ ِ‬

‫ﺠﻴ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة َﻧ ْﻘﺪ ًا َﻣ َﻠ َﻜ َﻬﺎ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪َ .٤٦٧‬ﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم ْاﻷُ ْﺟﺮ ُة ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺮ َدا ُد َﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ِﺮ ْ‬
‫ﺠﻴ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َﻟ ْﻮ ُﺷ ِﺮ َط ﻛ َْﻮ ُن ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﺠ َﻠﺔً‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم‬ ‫‪َ .٤٦٨‬ﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ُة ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ط اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة و ِارد ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﻋﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن َأ ْو َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ْ ِ َ َ َ‬ ‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ َﺮ َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤ َﻬﺎ ْ‬

‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر ِة ْاﻷُو َﻟﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻤﺘَﻨ ِ َﻊ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫ﻮر ِة اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻸَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻤﺘَﻨ ِ َﻊ َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ َﻴﺎ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة َو َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻛِ ْﻠﺘَﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻹﻳ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َﻓ َﻠ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻮر َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻟ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﺒ ُﺔ ﺑِ ْﺎﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َﻧ ْﻘﺪ ًا‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ا ْﻣ َﺘﻨ ََﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻋ ْﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٦٩‬ﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ُة ﺑِﺎﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َْ ْ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺮ َﻛ َﺒ َﻬﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َرﻛِ َﺒ َﻬﺎ َو َو َﺻ َﻞ إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٥‬‬

‫آﺟ ُﺮ َﻫﺎ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة‪.‬‬ ‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬

‫َ َ َْ‬
‫ﺎﻻ ْﻗﺘِﺪَ ِار َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺤ ِﺔ ﺑِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٧٠‬ﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة ﱠ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺤًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺒ ْﻌﺪَ َﻗ ْﺒ ِﻀ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ َأﺣﺪٌ دار ًا اﺳﺘِ ْﺌﺠﺎر ًا ﺻ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ََ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٦‬‬

‫َوإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ إذا ُو ِﺟﺪ اﻻ ْﻗﺘِﺪَ ُار َﻋ َﻠﻰ اِ ْﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪة ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َأﺟﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ُ ُْ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎرة اﻟ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٧١‬ﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ‬
‫ﺎل اﻟ َﻐﻴﺮ ﻣِﻦ َﻏﻴﺮ َﻋ ْﻘ ٍﺪ وﺑِﻼ إِ ْذ ٍن‪ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َأﺟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟ َﻴﺪَ ﻋﻠﻰ َﻣ ِ‬ ‫وﺿ َﻊ‬
‫‪ .٤٧٢‬إذا َ‬
‫َ ُ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﻴ ِﻞ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َو َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟﻴﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ان ﻓِﻲ َﺗ ْﻌ ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٧٣‬ﻳﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ وﻳﺮا َﻋﻰ ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ﻣﺎ ْاﺷﺘَﺮ َﻃﻪ ا ْﻟﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ِ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ َُ َ َُ‬
‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬‫‪ .٤٧٤‬إ َذا ُﺷ ِﺮ َط َﺗ ْﺄ ِﺟ ُﻴﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺪَ ِل ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ﱠو ً ِ‬
‫ﻻ َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫إﻳ َﻔﺎء ا ْﻟﻌﻤﻞِ‪ .‬و ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ُة َﻻ ُﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم ﱠإﻻ ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺷ ِﺮ َﻃ ْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َْ‬ ‫ُ ََ َ َْ‬
‫ﺠﻴ ِﻞ َواﻟﺘ ْﱠﺄ ِﺟ ُﻴﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ‬ ‫ون َﺷﺮ ِ‬
‫ط اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ا ْﻟﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﻋ ِﻘﺪَ ْت ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٤٧٥‬ﻓﻲ ْ ِ َ َ ُ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ ْاﻷَ ْﻋﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ ْ‬
‫ﺎن َأ ْو َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﺣ ٍ‬

‫ﻮر َو َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ إﻳ َﻔﺎ ُء ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤﻞِ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬ ‫ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ َأ ﱠو ً ِ‬
‫ﻻ َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎؤ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ َِﻮ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم إﻳ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻌﻴ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱠ ِ‬
‫َﺎﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ َأ ْو ﱠ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ُﻣ َﻮ ﱠﻗ َﺘ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﻮ ْﻗ ُ َ ﱠ‬‫‪ْ .٤٧٦‬‬

‫ﺖ‪.‬‬‫ﺎء َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬

‫َ‬
‫ﻬﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺎﻧﺖ َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴ َﻠﺰ ُم اﻹﻳ َﻔﺎء ﻓِﻲ َﺗ َﻤﺎ ِم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إ َذا ﻛ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٧‬‬

‫وإن ﻛَﺎﻧﺖ َﺳﻨَﻮ ﱢﻳﺔ ﻓ َﻴ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم اﻹﻳ َﻔﺎء ﻓِﻲ ِﺧﺘَﺎ ِم ا ْﻟ ﱠﺴﻨ َِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٨‬‬

‫‪َ .٤٧٧‬ﺗﺴﻠِﻴﻢ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﺟﻮر َﺷﺮ ٌط ﻓِﻲ ُﻟ ُﺰو ِم ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ِة‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨِﻲ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰم اﻷُﺟﺮ ُة ا ْﻋﺘِﺒﺎر ًا ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َْ‬ ‫َْ َْ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ ُ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻌ َﻠﻰ َﻫ َﺬا َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ ِﺟ ِﺮ ُﻣ َﻄﺎ َﻟ َﺒ ُﺔ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة َﻣ َﻀ ْﺖ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬

‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻀ ْﺖ ُﻣﺪﱠ ُة ْ ِ‬

‫ﻮر ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َﺳ َﻘ َﻄ ْﺖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة‪،‬‬

‫ﺎع ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٧٨‬ﻟﻮ َﻓ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎت اﻻﻧْﺘ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪۱٥۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ اﺣﺘَﺎج ا ْﻟﺤﻤﺎم إ َﻟﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌ ِﻤ ِﻴﺮ‪ ،‬و َﺗﻌ ﱠﻄ َﻞ ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﺛﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء َﺗ ْﻌ ِﻤ ِﻴﺮ ِه ُﻣﺪ ًة‪َ ،‬ﺗ ْﺴ ُﻘ ُﻂ ِﺣ ﱠﺼ ُﺔ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ َ ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٠٩‬‬

‫ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪،‬‬

‫ﺖ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻄﺎ ِع‬

‫وﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻟﻮ ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻄﻊ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺮﺣﻰ و َﺗﻌ ﱠﻄ َﻠ ْﺖ‪َ ،‬ﺗﺴ ُﻘ ُﻂ ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ُة ا ْﻋﺘِﺒﺎر ًا ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ ﱠ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٠‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻦ َﻟﻮ ا ْﻧ َﺘ َﻔﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ﺑِ َﻐﻴ ِﺮ ﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺣﻰ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء‬ ‫ﻮرة اﻟ ﱠﻄ ْﺤ ِﻦ ﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻴﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َ ْ ْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎب ِﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺔ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ِاﻻﻧْﺘِ َﻔﺎ ِع ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َأ َﺻ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ َﺮ ِاء ﻛ ََﺴﺎ ٌد‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻤﺘَﻨ ِ َﻊ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َﺣﺎﻧُﻮﺗًﺎ َو َﻗ َﺒ َﻀ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻋ َﺮ َض ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ َو ﱢ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٧٩‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫ُﻮت َﺑ ِﻘ َﻲ‬ ‫اﺟ ْﺖ َوا ْﻟ َﺤﺎﻧ َ‬ ‫َﻋﻦ إ ْﻋ َﻄ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪ ) :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨْ َﻌ َﺔ َﻣﺎ َر َ‬
‫إن ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﻣ ْﺴﺪُ ود ًا(‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻖ‪َ ،‬ﺗ ْﻤﺘَﺪﱡ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة إ َﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٨٠‬ﻟﻮ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ َزورﻗًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﱠ ٍة وا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻀ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﺛﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ََ َْ‬
‫ﺎﺿ َﻠ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺣ ِﻞ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﻄِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ َأﺟﺮ ﻣِ ْﺜ ِﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﺪﱠ ِة ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ َْ‬ ‫َُْ‬
‫ﻮل إ َﻟﻰ اﻟﺴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ُﺻ ِ‬

‫آﺧ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠﻣ َﻬﺎ َو َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻼ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ٍة‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َر ﱠﻣ َﻬﺎ َو َﺳ َﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ‬
‫‪َ .٤٨١‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َد ِار ِه إ َﻟﻰ َ‬

‫ﻳﻒ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ِﻴﺮ َﻋﺎﺋِﺪَ ٌة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َأ ْﻧ َﻔ َﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎر ﱠﻳ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤ َﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺎر ُ‬ ‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ْاﻵ َﺧ ُﺮ ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻗﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬

‫ﺐ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ًة َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ُﺳ ْﻜﻨَﺎ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻟﻴﺲ ﻟِﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺣ ِ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ‬

‫‪۱٥۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﻴﻪ ِﻻﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َو َﻣﺎ َﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ ﻟِ ْﻸ َ ِﺟﻴﺮِ َأ ْن ﻳﺤﺒِﺲ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ‬
‫َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎر َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﺒﺎ ِغ َوا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﺼ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٨٢‬ﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ﻟ ْﻸَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ﻟ َﻌ َﻤﻠِﻪ َأ َﺛ ٌﺮ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺎط َو ﱠ‬
‫إن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮ ْط ﻧ َِﺴﻴ َﺌﺘ ََﻬﺎ‪َ .‬وﺑِ َﻬ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺣ َﺒ َﺲ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ِﻻﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ْ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ ََ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﺗ َﻠ ِﻔ ِﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ َﻲ‬ ‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل َو َﺗﻠِ َ‬

‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ َة‪.‬‬
‫ﻸ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ َﻌ َﻤﻠِ ِﻪ َأ َﺛ ٌﺮ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ﱠﻼحِ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺤﺒِ َﺲ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٨٣‬ﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎل َﻟﻮ ﺣﺒﺲ ْاﻷَ ِﺟﻴﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺎل و َﺗﻠِ َ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓﻲ َﻳﺪه َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪َ .‬وﺑِ َﻬ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻻ َو َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َﺗ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘﻪ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﻤﻮ ً‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎل ﻓِﻲ َﻫ َﺬا ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﺿﻤﻨَ ُﻪ ﻗ َ‬
‫ﻮل و َﻟﻢ ﻳﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻂ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َﺗ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺿﻤﻨَ ُﻪ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ َﻣ ْﺤ ُﻤ ٍ َ ْ ُ ْ‬

‫‪۱٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺎﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‬

‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﻚ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺆ ﱢﺟ َﺮ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ َوﻣِ ْﻠ َﻜ ُﻪ ﻟ ِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻗ ِﺼ َﻴﺮ ًة ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم َأ ْو َﻃ ِﻮﻳ َﻠ ًﺔ‬
‫‪ .٤٨٤‬ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﺎﻟﺴﻨ َِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛ ﱠ‬
‫ﺖ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُﺳ ﱢﻤ َﻲ‪َ ،‬أ ْي ُﻋ ﱢﻴ َﻦ َو ُذﻛِ َﺮ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ﻳﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٨٥‬ا ْﺑﺘﺪَ ا ُء ُﻣﺪﱠ ة ْ ِ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫إن َﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﻢ اﺑﺘِﺪَ اء ا ْﻟﻤﺪﱠ ِة ِﺣﻴﻦ ا ْﻟﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُﺗﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬
‫ْ َُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫‪ َ ُ ْ ْ .٤٨٦‬ﱠ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ﻟِﺴﻨ ٍَﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺷﻬ ٍﺮ ُأﺟﺮ ُﺗﻪ ﻛ ََﺬا در ِ‬ ‫إﻳﺠ ُﺎر َﻋ َﻘ ٍ‬
‫اﻫ َﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ْ َْ ُ‬ ‫ﺎر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ َ‬ ‫ﻮز َ‬‫‪ .٤٨٧‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬

‫ﺎن َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﱠﻳﺘِ ِﻪ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫إﻳﺠ ُﺎر ُه ﻟ َﺴﻨَﺔ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا َد َراﻫ َﻢ ﻣ ْﻦ ُد َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ َ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ َأ ْو َأ ْز َﻳﺪَ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ‪ ،‬ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ْت‬
‫اﻟﺸﻬ ِﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺷﻬ ٍﺮ و ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٤٨٨‬إ َذا ُﻋ ِﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﻓﻲ َأ ﱠو ِل ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ُﺮ ﻧَﺎﻗِﺼًﺎ‬ ‫ﻮر ِة َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َد ْﻓ ُﻊ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ ﻛَﺎﻣِﻞٍ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺮةً‪َ .‬وﺑِ َﻬﺬه ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺸ َ‬
‫َﻋ ْﻦ َﺛ َﻼﺛِﻴ َﻦ َﻳ ْﻮﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ُﺟ ْﺰ ٌء‬ ‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ َﻣ َﻀﻰ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﺣ ٍﺪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ َوﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة ﻟ ِ َﺸﻬ ٍﺮ و ِ‬

‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻮن ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٨٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ َط َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ُﺮ َﺛ َﻼﺛِﻴ َﻦ َﻳ ْﻮﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ َﻣ َﻀﻰ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﻟ ِ َﻜ َﺬا ُﺷ ُﻬ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮن ْ ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٩٠‬إ َذا ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ َط َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻮن َﺛ َﻼﺛِﻴ َﻦ َﻳ ْﻮﻣًﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ْاﻷَ ِﺧ ِﻴﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ُﺮ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻗ ُ‬ ‫ُﻳﺘ ﱠَﻤ ُﻢ ﱠ‬

‫ﺐ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻐ ﱠﺮ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻮر ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗ َﻴ ُﺔ َﻓ ُﺘ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ َو ُﺗ ْﺤ َﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﺎب ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮﻣِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﻬ ُ‬ ‫ﺤ َﺴ ِ‬‫و ُﺗﻮ َﻓﻰ ُأﺟﺮ ُﺗﻪ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫َْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎن ﻋَﺪَ ِد ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻬ ِﺮ وﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٤٩١‬إ َذا ُﻋ ِﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ‬
‫ﻜﻮن ُأ ْﺟ َﺮة ﻛ ﱢُﻞ‬
‫ط َأ ْن َﺗ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ َﺮ ًة ﺑِﺪُ َ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ُﻣ َﺸ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻜ َﻤﺎ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ُﺮ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ُل‬ ‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ َﻣ َﻀﻰ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛَﺬا در ِ‬
‫اﻫﻢ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫‪۱٥٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮر ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُه ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ ﻛ ﱞُﻞ‬ ‫ﺺ َﺛ َﻼﺛِﻴ َﻦ َﻳ ْﻮﻣًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﻬ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻨَﺎﻗ ُ‬
‫ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺛ َﻼﺛِﻴ َﻦ َﻳ ْﻮﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﻟ ِ َﺴﻨ ٍَﺔ ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ا ْﺛﻨ َْﻲ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ َﺷ ْﻬﺮ ًا‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﻓِﻲ َأ ﱠو ِل ﱠ‬
‫‪َ .٤٩٢‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﻋ ِﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﻣِﻨ َْﻬﺎ َﺷ ْﻬ ٌﺮ َأ ﱠﻳﺎﻣًﺎ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﻟ ِ َﺴﻨ ٍَﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ َﻣ َﻀﻰ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﺾ ﱠ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٩٣‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﻋ ِﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ ْﺣﺪَ ى َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِﻬ َﻼ ِل‪.‬‬

‫ﻮر ْ ِ‬ ‫َو َﺑﺎﻗِﻲ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ُﻬ ِ‬

‫ﺎن ﻋَﺪَ ِد ْاﻷَ ْﺷ ُﻬ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪُ ‪.‬‬

‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٩٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﻋ َﻘ ٌﺎر َﺷ ْﻬ ِﺮ ﱠﻳ ًﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬا َد َراﻫ َﻢ ﻣ ْﻦ ُد َ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ِﺧﺘَﺎ ِم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ْاﻷَ ﱠو ِل ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱟﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ُﻣ ِﻀ ﱢﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ﻣِﻦ ّ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ُﻬ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪ ،‬وا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻳﻠِ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِِ ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻷَ ﱠو ِل َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠﺘﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻷَ ﱠو ِل َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﻠﺘِ ِﻪ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة(‪َ ،‬ﺗﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ﻓِﻲ ﻧِ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ِﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﺴ ْﺨ ُﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫وإِ ْن َﻗ َﺎل َأﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟﻌﺎﻗِﺪَ ﻳ ِﻦ ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﺛﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة ا ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر ًا ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﺑﺘِﺪَ ِاء ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ ْاﻵﺗِﻲ(‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﺴ ْﺨﺖ ْ ِ‬ ‫وإِ ْن َﻗ َﺎل ﻓِﻲ َأ ْﺛﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺗﻨْ َﻔ ِﺴ ُﺦ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ُﺣ ُﻠﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ِة ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻬ ِﺮ‬ ‫َوإِ ْن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﻗﺪْ ُﻗﺒِ َﻀ ْﺖ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﺷ ْﻬ َﺮ ْﻳ ِﻦ َأ ْو َأ ْﻛ َﺜ ُﺮ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻷَ َﺣﺪﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ َ‬
‫ﻮض ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺒ ِ‬

‫ﺲ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺼ ِﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َأ ِﺟﻴﺮ ًا َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َﻳ ْﻮﻣًﺎ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ُﻃ ُﻠﻮ ِع ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٤٩٥‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة ﻓِﻲ ُﺧ ُﺼ ِ‬
‫ﻮص ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫وب َﻋ َﻠﻰ و ْﻓ ِﻖ ُﻋﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َأ ْو إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻐ ُﺮ ِ‬

‫‪۱٥٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫‪َ .٤٩٦‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ﻧ ﱠَﺠ ٌﺎر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ َة َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم‪ُ ،‬ﺗ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ْاﻷَ ﱠﻳﺎ ُم ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺗﻠِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪَ ‪َ .‬وإِ ْن‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ ُاﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﻌﻤ َﻞ َﻋ َﺸﺮ َة َأﻳﺎ ٍم ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺼﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﺗ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻛ َ‬
‫ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻴ ْﻦ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ا ْﻋﺘِ َﺒﺎر ًا ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ﱢي َﺷ ْﻬ ٍﺮ َو َأ ﱢي َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺮؤْ َﻳ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡ‬‫ط َو ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ي ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟﺨ َﻴ َﺎرات اﻟ ﱠﺜ َﻼث‪َ ،‬أ ْ‬
‫َو ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ِِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪َ :‬ﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ط‬ ‫ﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺠ ُﺎر‬ ‫ﻮز ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﺟ َﺮى ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬ ‫ط ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٤٩٧‬ﻳ ْﺠ ِﺮي ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱠ ْ‬
‫َو ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ُﺎر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن َأ َﺣﺪُ اﻟ ﱠﻄ َﺮ َﻓ ْﻴ ِﻦ َأ ْو ﻛِ َﻼ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ﻛ ََﺬا َأ ﱠﻳﺎﻣًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎر ِه‪.‬‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ َﺟ َﺎز َﻫﺎ ُﻣﺪﱠ َة ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ .٤٩٨‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُﺮ ْ‬
‫اﻹﺟ َﺎز َة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ َﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﻮاد ‪ ٣٠٢‬و ‪ ٣٠٣‬و ‪ ٣٠٤‬ﻳ ُﻜﻮﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َﱠ َ‬ ‫‪ .٤٩٩‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴ َﺦ َو ْ ِ َ‬
‫ف ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫َﺎن ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﺼ ﱠﺮ َ‬ ‫َﺎن ﻓِ ْﻌﻼً‪ .‬ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ﻳ ُﻜﻮﻧ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ً‬

‫ﻚ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻓ ْﺴ ٌﺦ ﻓِ ْﻌﻠِ ﱞﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮ ُ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻮر ﺑِﻮﺟ ٍﻪ ﻣِﻦ َﻟﻮ ِاز ِم اﻟﺘﱠﻤ ﱡﻠ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ َ ْ ْ َ‬
‫إﺟ َﺎر ٌة ﻓِ ْﻌﻠِ ﱠﻴ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫ﻮر َﻛﺘ ََﺼ ﱡﺮف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮﻳ َﻦ َ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر َة ﻳﺴ ُﻘ ُﻂ ا ْﻟ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٠٠‬ﻟﻮ ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻀ ْﺖ ﻣﺪﱠ ُة ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ُﺎر َو َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم‬ ‫ﺎر َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﻓ ْﺴﺦِ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ِﺮ َوإِ ْﻧ َﻔﺎذه ْ ِ َ َ َ ْ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎر ُﺗﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻣِﻦ و ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ُ .٥٠١‬ﻣﺪﱠ ُة ا ْﻟﺨ َﻴ ِ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻮط ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺳ ُﻘ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٥٠٢‬ا ْﺑﺘِﺪَ ا ُء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﻣ ْﻦ َو ْﻗ ُ‬
‫أن َﺗﻜﻮن ﻛَﺬا ِذراﻋًﺎ أو دوﻧﻤﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺆﺟﺮت اﻷَر ُض ﺑِ َﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺮط ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪ .٥٠٣‬إذا اﺳﺘ ِ‬

‫اﻷرض َﺗﺎﻣ ٌﺔ ِﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﱠﺴﻠﻴﻢ َﺗ َﻠﺰ ُم اﻹﺟﺎرةُ‪،‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫و َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ﱠ‬
‫أن‬

‫‪۱٥۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻣﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ :‬إذا َأراد َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻹﺟﺎرة‪ ،‬وإذا‬

‫وإذا َﻇﻬﺮت ﻧَﺎﻗﺼ ٌﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺤﺼﺘﻪ إِﻟﻰ َأﺟ ٍﻞ ُﻣ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻣِﻦ اﻷَ ِ‬
‫أراد َﻗﺒِﻠﻪ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ُﻳﺸﱰط‬ ‫اﻟﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ َﻫﺬه َ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬
‫ﺆﺟﺮ ُ‬‫اﻟﻤ ﱢ‬
‫ﻜﻮن ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎد ُة ﻓِﻲ اﻷَ ِ‬
‫رض‪ ،‬و َﻳ ُ‬ ‫ﻬﺮت ِ‬ ‫ِرﺿﻰ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺟﺮ إذا َﻇ ْ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻴﺮان‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ إذا ﺗﺮك اﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫اﻷرض اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ َﻣﺠﺎﻧًﺎ َﻳﺴ ُﻘﻂ ﺧﻴﺎر ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺆﺟﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬا ﻳﺠﻮز أﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻔﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮض ﰲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑﻠِﺔ ﱢ‬ ‫أ ﱠﻣﺎ إذا ا ﱠﺗ َ‬
‫ﻮن ﻛ ﱡُﻞ دوﻧ ٍَﻢ ﻣِﻨْﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا در ِ‬
‫اﻫ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء‬ ‫‪َ .٥٠٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت َأ ْر ٌض َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺤ َﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎب اﻟﺪﱡ وﻧ َِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ِة ﺑِ ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﺖ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧِ ﱢﻲ‬
‫ﺎؤه ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻮ ْﻗ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮز َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻨ َْﺖ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ َو ُﺷ ِﺮ َط إﻳ َﻔ ُ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٠٥‬ﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬

‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ ُط ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒﺮ ًا‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ﱠ‬‫َو َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬

‫ﺨﻴﻄﻬﺎ َﻗ ِﻤﻴﺼًﺎ َو ُﻳﻨ ﱢَﺠ َﺰ ِﺧ َﻴﺎ َﻃﺘ ََﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺎط ُﻗﻤﺎﺷًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ َأﺣﺪٌ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١١‬‬

‫َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم‪،‬‬

‫ط َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻮ ﱢﺻ َﻠ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﻋ َﺸ َﺮ ِة َأ ﱠﻳﺎ ٍم إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ ﱠﻜﺔَ‪،‬‬

‫َأو َﻟﻮ اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜﺮى َأﺣﺪٌ دﻟِﻴﻼً ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٢‬‬

‫اﺳﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﻖ ْاﻷَ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ ْ‬

‫اﺳﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﻖ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرةُ‪َ .‬و ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ ْ‬
‫إن َأ ْو َﻓﻰ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﺮ َط ْ‬ ‫ﻮز ْ ِ‬
‫َﺗ ُﺠ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط َأ ْن َﻻ َﻳﺘ ََﺠ َ‬
‫ﺎو َز ْاﻷَ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ث ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﻣِ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ‬

‫‪ .٥٠٦‬ﻳ ِﺼﺢ َﺗﺮ ِدﻳﺪُ ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ِة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺻﻮر َﺗﻴ ِﻦ َأو َﺛ َﻼ ٍ‬
‫ُ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ ﱡ ْ‬
‫ﻮر ِة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن‪َ .‬و َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎء ْاﻷُ ْﺟﺮ ِة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻣ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫وا ْﻟﻤﺴﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ و ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﺎن وا ْﻟﻤ َﻜ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰ َﻣ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻈ َﻬ ُﺮ ﻓِ ْﻌﻼً‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٥۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫إن ِﺧ ْﻄﺖ َدﻗِﻴﻘًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ َﻚ ﻛ ََﺬا(‪َ ،‬و)إِ ْن ِﺧ ْﻄﺖ َﺧ ِﺸﻨًﺎ َﻓ َﻠ َﻚ‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ ﻗِ َﻴﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎط‪ ) :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٣‬‬

‫ﻮر َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ َﻟ ُﻪ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛ ََﺬا(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ﱡي ﱡ‬

‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫ﻴﻪ َﻋ َﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﻄ َﺎر ِة َﻓ ُﺄ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ ﻛ ََﺬا‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬
‫إن َأﺟﺮى ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأ ْو َﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﺣﺎﻧ ٌ‬
‫ُﻮت ﺑِ َﺸ ْﺮط َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٤‬‬

‫ﻴﻪ ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِﻲ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺷ ِﺮ َﻃ ْﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺤﺪَ اد ِة ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا َﻓ َﺄي ا ْﻟﻌﻤ َﻠﻴ ِﻦ َأﺟﺮى ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﱡ ََ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻪ َﻋﻤ ُﻞ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫َأ ْﺟ َﺮى ﻓ َ‬
‫إن َﺣ َﻤ َﻠ ْﺖ ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ًﺔ َﻓ ُﺄ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ َﻬﺎ ﻛ ََﺬا‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺣ َﻤ َﻠ ْﺖ َﺣ ِﺪﻳﺪ ًا‬
‫ط ْ‬‫وﻛ ََﺬا َﻟﻮ ُاﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮﻳ ْﺖ داﺑ ٌﺔ ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫َ َ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٥‬‬

‫َﻓ َﻜ َﺬا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ﱡﻳ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ُﺣ ِﻤ َﻞ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﻄﻰ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻨ َْﺖ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮ ْﻳ ُﺖ ﻣِﻨْﻚ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ َﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ﺷﻮرﻟﻲ ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ َﻟﻰ َأ ْد ِرﻧ ٍَﺔ‬ ‫َأ ْو َﻟ ْﻮ ﻗِ َﻴﻞ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎري‪ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٦‬‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ِِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺑِﻤﺎ َﺋ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬وإِ َﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﺒﻪ ﺑِ َﺜ َﻼﺛﻤﺎﺋَﺔ( َﻓﺈِ َﻟﻰ َأ ﱡﻳ َﻬﺎ َذ َﻫ َ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬا َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ‪َ ) :‬أ َﺟ ْﺮت َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺪﱠ َار ﺑِ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ﺑِ ِﻤﺎ َﺋ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ﺑِ َﺜ َﻼﺛِ ِﻤﺎﺋ ٍَﺔ(‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٧‬‬

‫ﻮل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة اﻟﺪﱠ ار ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺳ َﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫َﻓ َﺒ ْﻌﺪَ َﻗ ُﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻂ َﻟﻪ ﺟﺒ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن َﺧﺎ َﻃ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ‬
‫ط ْ‬ ‫ﺎط َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳﺨ َ ُ ُ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ﺎو َم َأ َﺣﺪٌ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻴ َ‬
‫َوﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٨‬‬

‫وط‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺠﻮز‪ ،‬و ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻮن ِﻏ ْﺮﺷًﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺧﺎ َﻃ َﻬﺎ َﻏﺪ ًا َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻼ ُﺛ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﻳ ُ‬ ‫َﺧ ْﻤ ُﺴ َ‬

‫‪۱٦۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﺮؤْ َﻳ ِﺔ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡ‬‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪ .٥٠٧‬ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ِﺮ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬
‫ﻮر ﻛ َُﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ُ .٥٠٨‬ر ْؤ َﻳ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫ﻮن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ُر ْؤ َﻳﺘِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٥٠٩‬ﻟﻮ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ َأﺣﺪٌ َﻋ َﻘﺎر ًا ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫ون َأ ْن َﻳ َﺮا ُه َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ ْ ََ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ إ َذا َﺗ َﻐ ﱠﻴ َﺮ ْت َﻫ ْﻴ َﺌﺘ َُﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ ر َ ِ‬
‫آﻫﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ َﻗ ْﺒ ُﻞ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َدار ًا ﻛ َ َ‬
‫‪َ .٥١٠‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮن ﻣ ِﻀﺮ ًا ﺑِﺎﻟﺴ ْﻜﻨَﻰ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ْاﻷُو َﻟﻰ ﺑِﺎﻧ ِْﻬﺪَ ا ِم َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ ُ ّ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‬ ‫ف ا ْﻟﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ َﻓﻠِ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻸﺟ ِﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﺎﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٥١١‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ َﻳ ْﺨﺘَﻠِ ُ‬
‫ﻒ َذاﺗًﺎ ﺑِ ْ‬

‫ﺎر ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ُر ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺎط ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِ‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻂ َﻟ ُﻪ ُﺟ ﱠﺒ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺨ َ‬‫ﺎط َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺎو َم َأ َﺣﺪٌ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻴ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢١٩‬‬

‫ﺎل ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﺳﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺨﻴ ُﻄ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﺠﻮخِ َأ ْو ﱠ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑِ ْ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺧﺘ َﻼف ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫‪ .٥١٢‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺨﺘَﻠِ ُ‬
‫اق ُﻗ ْﻄ ٍﻦ ﺑِﻌ َﺸﺮ ِة در ِ‬
‫ﺲ َأ َو ٍ‬
‫اﻫ َﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫َ َ ََ‬ ‫ﺐ َﺧ ْﻤ ِ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َأ ِﺟ ٌﻴﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺨ ِﺮ َج َﺣ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٠‬‬

‫اﻟﺮ ْؤ َﻳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮ ْاﻷَ ِﺟﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﻄﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬

‫ﻸﺟ ِﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ﱡ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫‪۱٦۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ِﺧ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬

‫ﺐ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻋ ْﻴ ٌ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ِﺧ َﻴ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫‪ .٥١٣‬ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬

‫ات ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ‬

‫ﻮن ﺳﺒﺒًﺎ ﻟ ِ َﻔﻮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎر ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺟﺐ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ِ ُ‬ ‫‪ .٥١٤‬ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ُ‬
‫إﺧ َﻼﻟ ِ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ َد ِة ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْو ْ‬

‫ات ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ َد ِة ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ﺑِﺎﻧ ِْﻬﺪَ اﻣِ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻓﻮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢١‬‬

‫ﻮط َﺳ ْﻄﺢِ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‪،‬‬ ‫وﻣِﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻰ ﺑِﺎﻧ ِْﻘ َﻄﺎ ِع ﻣﺎﺋِﻬﺎ َأو ﻛَﺈِ ْﺧ َﻼﻟِﻬﺎ ﺑِﻬﺒ ِ‬
‫َ ُُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٢‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫َأ ْو ﺑِﺎﻧ ِْﻬﺪَ ا ِم َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣﻀ ﱟﺮ ﺑِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴ ْﻜﻨَﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٣‬‬

‫ْﺠ َﺮاحِ َﻇ ْﻬ ِﺮ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ‪،‬‬‫َأ ْو ﺑِﺎﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٤‬‬

‫ﺎر ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻮﺟﺒِﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ِ‬

‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﻞ ﺑِﺎﻟﻤﻨَﺎﻓِﻊ اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ َد ِة وا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻮب اﻟﺘّﻲ ُﺗ ِ‬‫َﻓ َﻬ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬

‫ِْ‬

‫ﺨ ﱡﻞ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ‪،‬‬

‫و َأﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﻮاﻗِﺺ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻻ ُﺗ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫ﺺ ﺑِ َﺤ ْﻴ ُﺚ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳﺪْ ُﺧ ْﻞ اﻟﺪﱠ َار َﺑ ْﺮ ٌد َو َﻻ َﻣ َﻄ ٌﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻌﺾ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻛﺴ ُﻘﻮط َﺑ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٥‬‬

‫ف اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ َو َذ ْﻳﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫وﻛَﺎﻧ ِْﻘ َﻄﺎ ِع ُﻋﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٦‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﺎر ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻮﺟﺒ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺴ ْﺖ ُﻣ ِ َ‬
‫ﻮد ﻓِﻲ و ْﻗ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر َﻋﻴﺐ َﻗﺒ َﻞ اﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟﻤﻨْ َﻔﻌ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻛَﺎ ْﻟﻤﻮﺟ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥١٥‬ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪَ َ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ث ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ ْ ٌ ْ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮر َﻋﻴﺐ َﻓﺎ ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥١٦‬ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪَ َ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﻮ َﻓﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ َﺔ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ﺎر‪ْ ،‬‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ث ﻓﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ ْ ٌ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫ﺐ َو َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ َﺗ َﻤﺎ َم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬

‫‪۱٦۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة َﻻ َﻳ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‬

‫ث َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َﻓ ْﺴﺦِ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫إن َأ َز َال ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ ا ْﻟﻌﻴﺐ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎد َ‬ ‫ُ َْ َ َ‬ ‫‪ْ .٥١٧‬‬

‫ف ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ِﻘ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻣﻨْ ُﻌ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ‪َ .‬وإِ ْن َأ َرا َد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ اﻟﺘ َﱠﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬

‫َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ث ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َأ َﺧ ﱠﻞ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ‬

‫ﺎد ِ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟﺤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن َأ َرا َد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ َﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َر ْﻓ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ َ‬ ‫‪ْ .٥١٨‬‬

‫ﻮر ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِﻏ َﻴﺎﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ .‬وإِ ْن َﻓ َﺴ َﺨ َﻬﺎ‬
‫َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ُﻀ ِ‬

‫ﻮر َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َِﻤ ﱡﺮ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َو َأ ﱠﻣﺎ‬ ‫ون َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺨﺒِ َﺮ ُه َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ْﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ ُﻪ‪َ .‬وﻛِ َﺮا ُء ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ ِﻏ َﻴﺎﺑِ ِﻪ ُد َ‬
‫َﻟ ْﻮ َﻓﺎ َﺗ ْﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ُﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ َد ُة ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻠ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ ِﻐ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎب ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ .‬و َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ‬

‫ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ﺳﻮا ًء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ َأ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ ْﺦ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ُﺑ ﱢﻴ َﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺎ ﱠد ِة ‪.٤٧٨‬‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪،‬‬

‫ﻮر ِة َﻓﻠِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ اﻧ َْﻬﺪَ َم َﻣ َﺤ ﱞﻞ ُﻳﺨ ﱡﻞ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓ ِﻊ ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٧‬‬

‫ﻮر ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻮ َﺧ َﺮ َج ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ُد َ‬

‫ون َأ ْن‬ ‫َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ َﺨ َﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ُﺣ ُﻀ ِ‬
‫ﻳ ْﺨﺒِﺮه ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰﻣﻪ إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎء ْاﻷُﺟﺮ ِة ﻛ ََﺄ ﱠﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ َﺧﺮج‪ .‬و َأﻣﺎ َﻟﻮ اﻧْﻬﺪَ ﻣ ْﺖ اﻟﺪﱠ ار ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻜ ﱢﻠﻴ ِﺔ َﻓ ِﻤﻦ د ِ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ َ َ َ َ ﱠ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َْ‬ ‫ُ ََُ ُُ‬
‫ﻮر ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ‪َ .‬و َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة‪.‬‬ ‫اﺣﺘِ َﻴﺎجٍ إ َﻟﻰ ُﺣ ُﻀ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫إﺣﺪَ ى ُﺣ َﺠ ِﺮ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ ْﺦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة َو َﺳ َﻜ َﻦ‬ ‫‪َ .٥١٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ اﻧ َْﻬﺪَ َم َﺣﺎﺋ ُﻂ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار َأ ْو ْ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻘ ْﻂ َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﻲ َﺑﺎﻗ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َد َار ْﻳ ِﻦ َﻣﻌًﺎ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا َد َراﻫ َﻢ َواﻧ َْﻬﺪَ َﻣ ْﺖ ْ‬
‫إﺣﺪَ ُاﻫ َﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳﺘ ُْﺮ َك‬ ‫‪َ .٥٢٠‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ِاﻻ ْﺛﻨَ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻣﻌًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱٦۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﺨﻴ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َﻫﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜﻮ َن ﻛ ََﺬا ُﺣ ْﺠ َﺮ ًة َو َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ْت‬ ‫ﺎر ﻓﻲ َد ٍار ْ‬ ‫‪ .٥٢١‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗﺒِ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ ْﺎﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻧَﺎﻗِ َﺼ ًﺔ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻴﺺ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ٍار ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫إ ْﺑ َﻘﺎ ُء ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َو َﺗﻨْﻘ ُ‬

‫‪۱٦٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫َﺎﻣ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻮر و َأﺣﻜ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧ َْﻮا ِع ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺎر و َأﺣﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫َﺎﻣ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎن َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋ َﻞ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِﺈِ َﺟ َﺎرة ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ﺎن َأﻧ َﱠﻬﺎ ﻟ ِ ُﺴ ْﻜﻨَﻰ َأ َﺣ ٍﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻮز ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﺌ َﺠ ُﺎر َد ٍار َأ ْو َﺣﺎﻧُﻮت ﺑِﺪُ َ َ‬
‫‪َ .٥٢٢‬ﻳ ُﺠ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﺠ َﺒ ُﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َأ ْﻣﺘِ َﻌ ُﺘ ُﻪ َو َأ ْﺷ َﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺎؤ ُه َﺗ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٥٢٣‬ﻣﻦ َأﺟﺮ د ِار ِه َأو ﺣﺎﻧُﻮ َﺗﻪ وﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ََ َ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫َﺗ ْﺨﻠِﻴﺘِ ِﻪ ﻣِﻦ َأﻣﺘِﻌﺘِ ِﻪ و َأ ْﺷﻴﺎﺋِ ِﻪ و َﺗﺴﻠِ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ َ َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ ْرﺿًﺎ َو َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻴ ْﻦ َﻣﺎ َﻳ ْﺰ َر ُﻋ ُﻪ ﻓ َ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َو َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻤ ْﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺰ َر َع َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎ َء‬ ‫‪َ .٥٢٤‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﱠﺤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ إ َﻟﻰ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓﺈِ َﺟ َﺎر ُﺗ ُﻪ َﻓﺎﺳﺪَ ةٌ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻋ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ َو َرﺿ َﻲ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﺗﻨْ َﻘﻠِ ُ‬
‫ف‬ ‫‪ .٥٢٥‬ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ َأرﺿًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺰر َﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ َﺷﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﻪ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺰر َﻋﻬﺎ ﻣ َﻜﺮر ًا ﻓِﻲ َﻇﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ ََ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨ َِﺔ َﺻ ْﻴ ِﻔ ّﻴًﺎ َو ِﺷﺘ ِْﻮ ّﻳًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺰ ْر َع ﻓِﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺰ ْر ِع‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺒ ِﻘ َﻲ ﱠ‬
‫اك ﱠ‬‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة َﻗﺒ َﻞ إدر ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٢٦‬ﻟ ْﻮ ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻀ ْﺖ ُﻣﺪﱠ ُة ْ ِ َ َ ْ ْ َ‬
‫ض إ َﻟﻰ إ ْد َراﻛِ ِﻪ َو ُﻳ ْﻌﻄِ َﻲ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َة ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬

‫ﺎن ﻛ َْﻮﻧِ ِﻪ ِﻷَ ﱢي َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻛ ْﻴ ِﻔ ﱠﻴ ُﺔ‬ ‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬

‫ََ‬
‫ُﻮت ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬ ‫‪ .٥٢٧‬ﻳ ِﺼﺢ اﺳﺘِ ْﺌﺠﺎر اﻟﺪﱠ ِار وا ْﻟﺤﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ ﱡ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ف َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ِة‪.‬‬
‫ف إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﻌ َﻤﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ َﻓﺘ ُْﺼ َﺮ ُ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺎن ﻛ َْﻮﻧِ َﻬﺎ ِﻷَ ﱢي َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َدار ًا ﺑِﺪُ َ َ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪ .٥٢٨‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ُه‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻜﻨ ََﻬﺎ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُه َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ َﻀ َﻊ ﻓ َ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮر ﻟ ِ ْﻠﺒِﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻔ َﻌ َﻞ َﻣﺎ ُﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺎ ﻛ ﱠُﻞ َﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ َﻻ ُﻳ ِ‬‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر ُ‬
‫ث‬ ‫ث ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﻫ َﻦ َو ﱠ َ َ‬
‫ﻮر ُ‬ ‫ﻓ َ‬

‫‪۱٦٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة‬
‫اب َﻓ ُﻌ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺒِﻬﺎ‪ ،‬و َأﻣﺎ ﺑِ ُﺨﺼ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮص َر ْﺑﻂ اﻟﺪﱠ َو ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺮ َر َوا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﻫ َﻦ ﱠإﻻ ﺑِﺈِ ْذن َﺻ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫ُﻮت َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫و َﻋﺎدﺗِﻬﺎ ﻣﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ وﻣﺮ ِﻋﻲ‪ .‬وﺣ ْﻜﻢ ا ْﻟﺤﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ ُ ْ ٌَ َ َْ ﱞ َ ُ ُ َ‬
‫ﺨ ﱡﻞ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼﻮ َد ِة َﻋﺎﺋِﺪَ ٌة َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٥٢٩‬أ ْﻋﻤ ُﺎل ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُﺗ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﺗ ْﻄ ِﻬﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺣﻰ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٨‬‬

‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺗﻌ ِﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار و ُﻃﺮ ُق ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬

‫ﺎء َوإِ ْﺻ َﻼ ُح َﻣﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﺬ ِه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٢٩‬‬

‫ﻮر ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺗ َﺘﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺒِﻨ ِ‬

‫َﺎء‪ُ ،‬ﻛ ﱢﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻻ ِز َﻣ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺴ ْﻜﻨَﻰ َو َﺳﺎﺋِ ُﺮ ْاﻷُ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َوإِﻧ َْﺸﺎ ُء ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎء ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﺨ ﱡﻞ ﺑِ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٠‬‬

‫ﺎل َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء َﻓﻠِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺨ ُﺮ َج‬ ‫ﺐ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار وإِ ْن اﻣ َﺘﻨَﻊ ﺻ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺣ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺎن َﻗﺪْ َر َ‬
‫آﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل َوﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺎر ِه إ ﱠﻳ َ‬
‫اﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ‬ ‫ﻣِﻨْﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﺣﻴ َﻦ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ ا ﱢﺗ َﺨﺎ ُذ َﻫ َﺬا َو ِﺳﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﺨ ُﺮوجِ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﺣﻴﻨَﺌِ ٍﺬ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮن َﻗﺪْ َر ِﺿﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻴ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪُ ‪ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَ ْﺷﻴﺎء ﻣِﻨْﻪ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ ِ‬
‫َﺖ ﻣ ْﻦ َﻗﺒِﻴ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ َﺒ ﱡﺮ ِع‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻃ َﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫وف ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻹ ْﺻ َﻼحِ‬ ‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﻋﺎﺋِﺪَ ًة ِ ِ‬
‫ات ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َأﻧ َْﺸ َﺄ َﻫﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﺑِﺈِ ْذ ِن ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ ْ‬ ‫‪ .٥٣٠‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻴﺮ ُ‬

‫ﻮر َو ِﺻ َﻴﺎﻧَﺘِ ِﻪ َﻋ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻄ ﱡﺮ ِق ا ْﻟ َﺨ َﻠ ِﻞ‪،‬‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫ﺤ ْﻔﻈِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻮﺿﻊ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟﺴ ُﻄﻮحِ ﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﺮﻣﻴﺪ ) َأ ْي ا ْﻟﻘ ْﺮﻣﻴﺪ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻧ َْﻮ ٌع ﻣ ْﻦ ْاﻵ ُﺟ ﱢﺮ ُﻳ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻛ َﺘﻨْﻈِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣١‬‬

‫ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻄ ِﺮ(‪،‬‬

‫ات ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺠ ِﺮ َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺎت َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟ ﱠﺘﻌ ِﻤﻴﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫َﻓﺎ ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ ﻣﺼﺮو َﻓ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ َ‬
‫َﺷ ْﺮ ٌط َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْﺧ ِﺬ ِه َوإِ ْن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﻋﺎﺋِﺪَ ًة ﻟ ِ َﻤﻨَﺎﻓِ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪،‬‬

‫َﻛ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ِﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻄﺎﺑِﺦِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٢‬‬

‫‪۱٦٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ َﻣ ْﺼ ُﺮو َﻓﺎﺗِ َﻬﺎ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْﺬﻛ َْﺮ َﺷ ْﺮ ُط َأ ْﺧ ِﺬ َﻫﺎ َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ َﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮر َأ ْو َﻏ َﺮ َس َﺷ َﺠ َﺮ ًة‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْﺎﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ‬ ‫ﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬‫ث ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٣١‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﺣﺪَ َ‬

‫اﻟﺸ َﺠ َﺮ َة‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َأ ْﺑ َﻘﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‬

‫إن َﺷﺎ َء َﻗ َﻠ َﻊ ا ْﻟﺒِﻨَﺎ َء َأ ْو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪ْ ،‬‬‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻤ َﺘ ُﻪ ﻛَﺜِ َﻴﺮ ًة ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َأ ْم َﻗﻠِﻴ َﻠ ًﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َو َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ ﻗ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬‫ﺎد َو َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َأ ْﺛﻨَﺎ َء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬
‫اب وا ْﻟ ُﻜﻨَﺎﺳ ِﺔ واﻟﺮﻣ ِ‬
‫َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺎر َواﻟﺘ َﱡﺮ ِ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٣٢‬إزا َﻟ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻐ َﺒ ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ ِر َو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻘ ِﺪ ْر ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻣﻨ ِْﻌ ِﻪ‬

‫ﻮر ﺑِﺈِ ْﺣﺪَ ى ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ُﺮ ُﻳ َﺨ ﱢﺮ ُب ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬
‫‪ْ .٥٣٣‬‬
‫اﺟ َﻊ ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎﻛِ َﻢ َو َﻓ َﺴ َﺦ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة‪.‬‬ ‫َر َ‬

‫‪۱٦۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ إﺟﺎرة اﻟﻌﺮوض‬

‫ت إ َﻟﻰ ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة‬

‫ﻮﻻ ِ‬
‫ﺨ َﻴﺎ ِم َو َأ ْﻣ َﺜﺎﻟ ِ َﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ َ‬
‫ﻮز إﺟﺎر ُة ْاﻷَ ْﻟﺒِﺴ ِﺔ و ْاﻷَﺳﻠِﺤ ِﺔ وا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٣٤‬ﻳ ُﺠ ُ َ َ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ٍﺔ ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑِ ِﻞ َﺑﺪَ ٍل َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ َو َﻟﺒِ َﺴ َﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪َ .٥٣٥‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﺳ َﺘ ْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ ﺛ َﻴﺎﺑًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ ْ‬
‫َﺑ ْﻴﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺒ ْﺴ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ إ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُء ُأ ْﺟ َﺮﺗِ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ ﺛِ َﻴﺎﺑًﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻠ َﺒ َﺴ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻠﺒِ َﺴ َﻬﺎ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٥٣٦‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫‪ .٥٣٧‬ا ْﻟ ُﺤﻠِﻲ ﻛَﺎﻟ ﱢﻠ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬

‫‪۱٦۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ إﺟﺎرة اﻟﺪواب‬

‫ﻳﺼ ُﺎل‬ ‫ﺎري ْ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﻜ َﺮا ُء َدا ﱠﺑ ٍﺔ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨ ٍَﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ِاﻻ ْﺷﺘِ َﺮ ُ‬
‫اط َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٥٣٨‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ‬
‫إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَ ًﺔ إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ َو َﺗ ِﻌ َﺒ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻳﻖ َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٣٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر َة‪َ ،‬وﻓِﻲ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬
‫ﻳﺢ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َﻧ َﻘ َﺾ ْ ِ‬
‫إن َﺷﺎ َء ا ْﻧ َﺘ َﻈ َﺮ َﻫﺎ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﺗ ْﺴﺘ َِﺮ َ‬
‫ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺮ ًا‪ْ ،‬‬

‫ﺎب ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎ َﻓ َﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﺎل َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﻌﻄ َﻲ ﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺔ َﻣﺎ َأ َﺻ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺤ ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫إﻳﺼ َﺎل ِﺣ ْﻤ ٍﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﺗ ِﻌ َﺒ ْﺖ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ُﺔ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻖ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ .٥٤٠‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْاﺷﺘ ََﺮ َط َ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻮر َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺗ ْﺤﻤﻴﻠِﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َدا ﱠﺑﺔ ُأ ْﺧ َﺮى َوإِ َ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎري َﻣ ْﺠ ُﺒ ٌ‬
‫إن ُﻋ ﱢﻴﻨ َْﺖ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ َو َﻗﺒِ َﻞ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ ْ‬ ‫ون َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ٍ‬‫ﻮز اﺳﺘِ ْﺌﺠﺎر داﺑ ٍﺔ ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٤١‬ﻻ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ ْ َ ُ َ ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻮز َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ .‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ ﻧ َْﻮ ٍع َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَﺎ ُد ﺑِ َﻼ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻄ َﻠ ِﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ف َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺘﻌﺎر ِ‬ ‫ﻮز‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﺼ َﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻦ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬‫َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ٍ‬

‫ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺎري إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ ٍم َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻣﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَﺎ ُد َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت َﺑ ْﻐ ٌﻞ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٣‬‬

‫ﺎري إﻳﺼ ُﺎل ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﺑِﺪَ اﺑ ٍﺔ إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﻮﺟ ِﻪ ا ْﻟﻤﻌﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺎد‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ َ َ‬
‫اﺳ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﻮن ْ‬ ‫اﺳ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ﱠﻄ ِﺔ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻘ ْﻂ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﺗ ْﻌﻴِﻴ ُﻦ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٤٢‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻜ ِﻔﻲ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬

‫ا ْﻟ ُﺨ ﱠﻄ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻤًﺎ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌ َﺎرﻓًﺎ ﻟ ِ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ٍة‪.‬‬

‫ﺮب َﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ‪ ،‬إ ْذ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗ ْﻌﻴِﻴ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﻮﺳﻨَ َﺔ َأ ْو إ َﻟﻰ َﺑ َﻠ ِﺪ اﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆﺟ َﺮ ْت َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ُﺑ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٤‬‬

‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ إ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ة َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻘ َﺼ َﺒﺔ َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻳﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ُﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ ُ‬

‫‪۱٦۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ف إ ْﻃ َﻼ ُﻗ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺑ ْﻠﺪَ ِة ِد َﻣ ْﺸ َﻖ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠِ َﻬ َﺬا‬ ‫اﺳ َﻢ ﻗِ ْﻄ َﻌ ٍﺔ َﻗﺪْ ُﺗ ُﻌ ِ‬

‫ﻮر َ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َو َﻟﻜِ ﱠﻦ َﻟ ْﻔ َﻆ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم َﻣ َﻊ ﻛ َْﻮﻧﻪ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٥‬‬

‫َﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ْت َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺸﺎ ِم َﺻ ﱠﺢ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﺑ ْﻠﺪَ َﺗ ْﻴ ِﻦ َﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻳﺘ ُُﻬ َﻤﺎ ُﻗ ِﺼﺪَ ْت‬ ‫‪َ .٥٤٣‬ﻟﻮ ُاﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟﺮ ْت داﺑ ٌﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ﻣ َﻜ ٍ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻳ ْﻄ َﻠ ُﻖ ْ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬وﻛ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻞِ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل إ َﻟﻰ ﺟﻜﻤﺠﻪ َو َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱠﺮ ْح َﻫ ْﻞ إ َﻟﻰ ُﻛ ْﺒ َﺮ ُاﻫ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫إﺳ َﻼ ْﻣ ُﺒ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٦‬‬

‫َأ ْو إ َﻟﻰ ُﺻ ْﻐ َﺮ ُاﻫ َﻤﺎ َﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻳﺘ ُُﻬ َﻤﺎ ُﻗ ِﺼﺪَ ْت َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﺑِﻨ ِ ْﺴ َﺒ ِﺔ َﻣ َﺴﺎ َﻓﺘِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺼ ُﺎل ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻫﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َد ِاره‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬

‫‪َ .٥٤٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ إ َﻟﻰ َﺑ ْﻠﺪَ ة َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم إِ َ‬
‫‪ .٥٤٥‬ﻣﻦ اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜﺮى داﺑ ًﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ﻣﺤ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻌﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠﻴﺲ َﻟﻪ َﺗﺠﺎو ُز َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ُ َﱠ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ َﺳﺎﻟ ِ َﻤ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬
‫ﺎري‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﺗﺠﺎو َز َﻓﺎﻟﺪﱠ اﺑ ُﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﺿﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬

‫َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ َذ َﻫﺎﺑِ ِﻪ َوإِ َﻳﺎﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺑِﺘِ ْﻠ َﻚ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ إ َﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪َ .٥٤٦‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺐ َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ُﺔ َﺿ ِﻤ َﻦ‪.‬‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َذ َﻫ َ‬
‫َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َ‬

‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ إ َﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﻔﻮر‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺐ إ َﻟﻰ ) َأ ْﺳ َﻠﻤ ﱠﻴﺔ( ﺑِﺎﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ ْ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮ َاﻫﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ َ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َذ َﻫ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٧‬‬

‫َﻃﺎ ٍغ َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ان إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬وﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ ُﻃ ُﺮ ُﻗ ُﻪ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ َد ًة‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْن‬
‫‪َ .٥٤٧‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﺣ َﻴ َﻮ ٌ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻓِﻲ َأ ﱢي َﻃ ِﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻖ َﺷﺎ َء ﻣ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﺮ ِق ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﻳ ْﺴ ُﻠ ُﻜ َﻬﺎ اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‪َ .‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َذ َﻫ َ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺬ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺪﱠ اﺑ ِﺔ و َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻃ ِﺮ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫َﺎن َذﻟ َﻚ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ُﻳﻖ َأ ْﺻ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻖ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻋ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﺻ ُ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣ َﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎوﻳًﺎ َأ ْو َأ ْﺳ َﻬ َﻞ َﻓ َﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻳﻖ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻋ ﱠﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ِ‬

‫‪۱۷۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٤٨‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﺎل َدا ﱠﺑﺔ َأ ْز َﻳﺪَ ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ة ا ﱠﻟﺘﻲ َﻋ ﱠﻴﻨ ََﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ْ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘِ ْﻜ َﺮا ُء َدا ﱠﺑ ٍﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫‪ .٥٤٩‬ﻛَﻤﺎ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ ِ‬

‫اﺳﺘ ْﻜ َﺮا ُء َدا ﱠﺑﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺮ َﻛ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ُﻓ َﻼ ٌن‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ْ‬
‫َ َ ﱡ ْ‬
‫َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺮﻛِ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺷﺎ َء َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‬

‫ﺎن‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻮان َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﻛﻮب و َﺗﻠِﻒ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤ َﻴ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﻏﻢ اِ ْﺳﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻜﺮاﺋﻪ ﱡ‬ ‫‪ .٥٥٠‬إذا ُﺣ ﱢﻤ َﻠﺖ اﻷَ ْﺛ َﻘ َﺎل َر َ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤﺜﻞ أﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٥٥١‬اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ُﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺮ َﻛ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ُﻓ َﻼ ٌن‪َ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ ْإرﻛَﺎ ُﺑ َﻬﺎ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َأ ْر َﻛ َﺒﻬﺎ‬

‫َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮى َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺮﻛِ َﺒ َﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺷﺎ َء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء َرﻛِ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ َوإِ ْن َﺷﺎ َء‬ ‫‪َ .٥٥٢‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫َأر َﻛﺒﻬﺎ َﻏﻴﺮه‪ ،‬و َﻟﻜِﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺺ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ‬ ‫إن َرﻛ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْو َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ ُه َﻓ َﻘﺪْ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺮا ُد َو َﺗ َﺨ ﱠﺼ َ‬ ‫ْ ََ َْ ُ َ ْ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‪.‬‬‫َﺎب َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ْإرﻛ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻢ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن‬ ‫ﻴﻦ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﺮ َﻛ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ َو َﻻ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ ِ‬
‫ون َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ُﻮب ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮى َأ َﺣﺪٌ َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ ﻟ ﱡﻠﺮﻛ ِ ْ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٥٣‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﺮﻛِ َﺒ َﻬﺎ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺷﺎ َء َﺗ ْﻔ ُﺴﺪُ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺐ إ َﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻮ َﻋ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َو َﺑ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ َﺗﻨْ َﻘﻠِ ُ‬
‫َﺐ َﻏ ْﻴ ُﺮ َﻣ ْﻦ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻴ َﻦ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮرة َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺮﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﱢ ﱠ َ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة‪.‬‬
‫َﺎف َوا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﺒ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ ِﻌﺪْ ِل ُﻋ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻹﻛ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٥٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ْ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻦ ﺑِﺈِ َﺷ َﺎر ٍة ُﻳ ْﺤ َﻤ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﺎن ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ِار ا ْﻟ ِ‬

‫ﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ َو َﻻ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ون ﺑﻴ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٥٥‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ ﻣ ْﻦ ُد َ َ‬
‫ف َوا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ِة‪.‬‬‫ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ اره َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫ُُ‬

‫‪۱۷۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫‪َ .٥٥٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﺿﺮب داﺑ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﻜِﺮ ِاء ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫ون إ ْذ ِن ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ َﻬﺎ َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ ْ‬
‫ﺑِ َﺴ َﺒﺒِ ِﻪ َﺿ ِﻤ َﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ َدا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ ا ْﻟﻜِ َﺮ ِاء ﺑِ َﻀ ْﺮﺑِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﱠإﻻ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﻀ ْﺮ ُب َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٥٧‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأذ َن َﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬
‫َﺎد وإِ ْن َﺿﺮﺑﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻏﻴ ِﺮ ا ْﻟﻤﻮ ِﺿ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻤﻌﺘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎد‪،‬‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫َََ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮﺿ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘَﺎ ُد َﺿ ْﺮ َﺑ َﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻋ ْﺮﻓِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺿ َﺮ َﺑ َﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َر ْأ ِﺳ َﻬﺎ َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ‪،‬‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ ﻛ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٨‬‬

‫َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬

‫ُﻮب َﻋ َﻠﻰ َدا ﱠﺑ ٍﺔ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺮﻛ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٥٨‬ﻳﺼ ﱡﺢ ﱡ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ ُﻣ َﻤﺎﺛِﻼً‬
‫‪َ .٥٥٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ ُﻋ ﱢﻴ َﻦ ﻧ َْﻮ ُع ِﺣ ْﻤﻠِ َﻬﺎ َوﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار ُه َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻤﻴ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ َﺣ ْﻤﻼً َ‬

‫َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْو َأ ْﻫ َﻮ َن ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻀ ﱠﺮ ِة َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻻ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻤ ُﻴﻞ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء َأ ْز َﻳﺪَ ﻓِﻲ‬

‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻀ ﱠﺮ ِة‪.‬‬

‫ﺎل ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ًﺔ ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﻳ ِﺼ ﱡﺢ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن‬

‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮى َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺤ ﱢﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َأ ْﻛ َﻴ ٍ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٣٩‬‬

‫ﺎل ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٍﺔ ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬

‫ﻮز‬ ‫ﺎل َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه َأ ﱠي ﻧ َْﻮ ٍع ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َأ ْﻛ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ُﻳ َﺤ ﱢﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ َأ ْو ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻣ ِ‬

‫ﺎل َﺷ ِﻌ ٍﻴﺮ‪،‬‬
‫َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﺤ ﱢﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ َأ ْﻛ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎل ِﺣﻨْ َﻄ ٍﺔ َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻤ َﻞ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ َﺔ‬

‫ﻮز َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻤ ُﻴﻞ َﺧ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ َأ ْﻛ َﻴ ِ‬
‫َو َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻻ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٠‬‬

‫ﺎل َﺷ ِﻌ ٍﻴﺮ‪،‬‬
‫َأ ْﻛ َﻴ ِ‬

‫ﻳﺪ َدا ﱠﺑ ٌﺔ ُا ْﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮ َﻳ ْﺖ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﺗ ْﺤ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ َﺔ ُأوﻗِ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‬

‫ﻛَﻤﺎ َﻻ ﻳ ِﺼﺢ َأ ْن َﺗﺤ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻣِﺎ َﺋ َﺔ ُأوﻗِﻴ ِﺔ ﺣ ِﺪ ٍ‬
‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤١‬‬

‫ُﻗ ْﻄ ٍﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ْﻤ َﻞ َﻋ ْﻦ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎري‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٥٦٠‬و َﺿﻊ ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬

‫‪۱۷۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﻮر َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٥٦١‬ﻧ َﻔ َﻘ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ‬

‫ﻒ اﻟﺪﱠ اﺑ ِﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُاﺳ ُﺘ ْﻜ ِﺮﻳ ْﺖ وﺳ ْﻘﻴﻬﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﺻ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻋ َﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٢‬‬

‫ﺎﺣﺒِﻬﺎ َﺗﺒﺮﻋًﺎ َﻓ َﻠﻴﺲ َﻟﻪ َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ َﺛﻤﻨ ِ ِﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﺻ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠ َ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ اﻟﺪﱠ ا ﱠﺑﺔ ﺑِﺪُ ون إ ْذن َﺻ َ َ ﱡ‬
‫َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﰲ إﺟﺎرة اﻵدﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻹﺟﺮ ِاء ﺻﻨْﻌ ٍﺔ ﺑِﺒﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة َأ ْو ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ‬ ‫إﺟ َﺎر ُة ْاﻵ َدﻣ ﱢﻲ ﻟ ْﻠﺨﺪْ َﻣﺔ َأ ْو ِ ْ َ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٦٢‬ﺗ ُﺠ ُ‬
‫ﻮز َ‬
‫ﺎب اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺼﻮر ٍة ُأ ْﺧﺮى‪ ،‬ﻛَﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺼ ِﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ﺎو َﻟ ٍﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ٍة‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ ْ‬
‫إن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ ﺑِﻨَﺎ ًء َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻃ َﻠﺒِﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ ُدون ُﻣ َﻘ َ‬
‫‪َ .٥٦٣‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺧﺪَ َم َأ َﺣﺪٌ َ‬

‫َﺎن ﻣِ ﱠﻤ ْﻦ َﻳ ْﺨﺪُ ُم ﺑِ ْﺎﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة َوإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻼ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛ َ‬

‫‪َ .٥٦٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪٌ ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ‪) :‬ا ْﻋ َﻤ ْﻞ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ُأﻛ ِْﺮ ْﻣ َﻚ(‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺒ ﱢﻴ ْﻦ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ َار َﻣﺎ ُﻳ ْﻜ ِﺮ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﺑِ ِﻪ‬

‫اﺳﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﻖ َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻌﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﻣ ِ‬

‫ﻮر ﺑِﻪ ْ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ون َﺗ ْﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ٍة ُﺗ ْﻌ َﻄﻰ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻬ ْﻢ ْ‬
‫إن ﻛَﺎﻧ َْﺖ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣﺔً‪،‬‬ ‫ُﺨ ِﺪﻣ ْﺖ ا ْﻟﻌﻤ َﻠ ُﺔ ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٦٥‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ْ َ‬
‫ﻮن َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﻮ ْﺟ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫َﺎف ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬﻳ َﻦ ُﻳ َﻤﺎﺛِ ُﻠ َ‬
‫وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﺄﺟﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜ ِﻞ وﻣﻌﺎﻣ َﻠ ُﺔ ْاﻷَﺻﻨ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ َُ َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎر ُة َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﻌ َﻄﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻸَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ َﺷﻲء ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴ ِﻤﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎت َﻻ َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ْ ٌ ْ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٦٦‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﻋﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ َ َ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻞِ‪،‬‬

‫اﺣﺪ ًا ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ َﻘ ِﺮ(‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪٌ ِﻷَ َﺣ ٍﺪ‪ْ ) :‬‬
‫إن َﺧﺪَ ﻣﺘَﻨِﻲ ﻛ ََﺬا َأﻳﺎﻣًﺎ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻴﺘ َُﻚ َزوﺟًﺎ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٣‬‬

‫َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒ َﻘ ُﺮ َو َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َأ ْﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ ِﻤ ْﺜﻞِ‪،‬‬
‫ﻮز اﺳﺘِ ْﺌﺠﺎر اﻟ ﱢﻈ ْﺌ ِﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﻌﻤ َﻞ َﻟﻬﺎ َأ ْﻟﺒِﺴ ًﺔ وﻳ ْﻄ ِﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫ون َﺗ ْﻌﻴِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫َ َُ ََ ْ ُ‬ ‫ََْ َ‬ ‫َو َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻳ ُﺠ ُ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٤‬‬

‫ف َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ْم ﻣِ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺎب َواﻟ ﱠﻄ َﻌﺎمِ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َﺟ َﺮ ْت ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َد ُة َوإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ ُﺗﻮ َﺻ ْ‬

‫ﻒ ْاﻷَ ْﻟﺒِ َﺴ ُﺔ َو َﻟ ْﻢ ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺮ ْ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺪﱠ َر َﺟ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ ُﻮ ْﺳ َﻄﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺨﺪْ َﻣ ِﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ِ‬

‫ﺎرجِ َﻻ ُﺗ ْﺤ َﺴ ُ‬
‫‪ .٥٦٧‬ا ْﻟﻌﻄِﻴ ُﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ ُأ ْﻋﻄِﻴﺖ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬

‫‪۱۷٤‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫ﻴﻢ ِﻋ ْﻠ ٍﻢ َأ ْو َﺻﻨْ َﻌ ٍﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ُذﻛِ َﺮ ْت ُﻣﺪﱠ ٌة ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة َﻋ َﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٦٨‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ ُأ ْﺳﺘَﺎ ٌذ ﻟ ِ َﺘ ْﻌﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺿﺮ ًا َو ُﻣ َﻬ ﱠﻴ ًﺄ ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺘ ْﻌﻠِ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻢ َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﻠﻢ‬ ‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ ْاﻷُﺟﺮ َة ﻟ ِ َﻜﻮﻧِ ِﻪ ﺣ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻤﺪﱠ ِة‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠن ْاﻷُﺳﺘَﺎ َذ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺪَ ةً‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻠﻰ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﺘﻼﻣِﻴﺬ‪َ ،‬أو َﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮا‪ .‬وإِ ْن َﻟﻢ ُﺗ ْﺬﻛَﺮ ﻣﺪﱠ ٌة ا ْﻧﻌ َﻘﺪَ ْت إﺟﺎر ًة َﻓ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮةَ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫إن ﺗﻌ ﱠﻠﻢ اﻟ ﱢﺘ ْﻠ ِﻤ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺬ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْﺎﻷُﺳﺘَﺎ ُذ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر ِة ْ‬
‫ْ َْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ون َأ ْن ُﻳ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ َط َأ َﺣﺪُ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ ﻟ ِ ْﻶ َﺧ ِﺮ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ًة‪،‬‬
‫‪ .٥٦٩‬ﻣﻦ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ ُأﺳﺘَﺎذ ًا و َﻟﺪَ ه ﻟِﻴﻌ ﱢﻠﻤﻪ ﺻﻨْﻌ ًﺔ ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫َ ُ َُ َ ُ َ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة‬
‫َﻓﺒﻌﺪَ َﺗﻌ ﱡﻠ ِﻢ اﻟﺼﺒِﻲ َﻟﻮ َﻃ َﻠﺐ َأﺣﺪُ ُﻫﻤﺎ ﻣِﻦ ْاﻵ َﺧ ِﺮ ُأﺟﺮ ًة ﻳﻌﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َْ َُْ‬ ‫َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ ﱢ ْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫َو َﻋﺎ َدﺗِ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ َﻗ ْﺮ َﻳ ٍﺔ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱢﻠﻤًﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْو إ َﻣﺎﻣًﺎ َأ ْو ُﻣ َﺆ ﱢذﻧًﺎ َو َأ ْو َﻓﻰ ِﺧﺪْ َﻣ َﺘ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َﺗ ُﻪ‬
‫‪َ .٥٧٠‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ﻣِ ْﻦ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺮ َﻳ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ْ .٥٧١‬اﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ُا ْﺳﺘ ُْﺆ ِﺟ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه‬

‫ﺨﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا در ِ‬
‫اﻫ َﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ‬ ‫ﺎط َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ َأﺣﺪٌ ﺟﺒ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ َﺨﻴ ٍ‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٥‬‬

‫ﺨﻴ َﻄ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺧﺎ َﻃ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َﺿﺎﻣِ ٌﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎط َأ ْن ﻳ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻸ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ َﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٥٧٢‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ْﻃ َﻠ َﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘﺪَ ِﺣﻴ َﻦ ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺌ َﺠ ِ‬
‫ﺎر َﻓﻠِ ْ َ‬

‫‪َ .٥٧٣‬ﻗ ْﻮ ُل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﻟ ِ ْ َ‬

‫ﻸ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ‪) :‬ا ْﻋ َﻤ ْﻞ َﻫ َﺬا ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻐ َﻞ( إ ْﻃ َﻼ ٌق‪،‬‬

‫ﻴﺪ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ون َﺗ ْﻘﻴِ ٍ‬
‫اﻫﻢ( ﻣِﻦ د ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﻗ َﺎل َأ َﺣﺪٌ ﻟ ْﻠ َﺨ ﱠﻴﺎط‪) :‬ﺧ ْﻂ َﻫﺬه ا ْﻟ ُﺠ ﱠﺒ َﺔ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا َد َر َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٦‬‬

‫آﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ات(‪ ،‬و َﺧﺎ َﻃﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ُ ِ ِ ِ‬

‫ﺎﻟﺬ ِ‬
‫) ِﺧ ْﻄ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ َﻚ َأ ْو ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫َﺤ ﱡﻖ‬ ‫ﺎط ﺑِ َﺨﻠﻴ َﻔﺘﻪ َأ ْو َﺧ ﱠﻴﺎط َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْاﻷَ ْﺟ َﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ ا ْﻟ ُﺠ ﱠﺒ ُﺔ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷٥‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة‬ ‫َﺎن ﻣِﻦ َﺗﻮاﺑِ ِﻊ ا ْﻟﻌﻤﻞِ‪ ،‬و َﻟﻢ ﻳ ْﺸﺘَﺮ ْط َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ﻳﻌ َﺘﺒﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ُﻋ ْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ َُ‬ ‫ََ َ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫‪ .٥٧٤‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ َﻣﺎ ﻛ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﻂ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎط‪.‬‬ ‫و َﻋﺎد ُﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛَﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟﻌﺎد َة أن ﻳﻜﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺨﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ إ َﻟﻰ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜِ ْﻦ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو ْﺿ ُﻌ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ َﺤ ﱢﻠ ِﻪ‬
‫‪ .٥٧٥‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم ا ْﻟﺤﻤ َﺎل إد َﺧ ُﺎل ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬ ِﺧ َﻴﺮ ِة‬ ‫إﺧﺮاج ا ْﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ إ َﻟﻰ اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َو ْﺿ ُﻊ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٧‬‬

‫ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺨ َﺰن‪.‬‬

‫ف ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻠﺪَ ِة ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٥٧٦‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ إ ْﻃ َﻌﺎ ُم ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬
‫ﻮن ُﻋ ْﺮ ُ‬

‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟِﻠﺪﱠ ﱠﻻ ِل‬

‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫إن ُأ ْﻋﻄِﻲ َد ﱠﻻ ٌل َﻣﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ َو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳﺒِ ْﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َذﻟ َﻚ َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ َﺻﺎﺣ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ْ .٥٧٧‬‬

‫َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ َد ﱠﻻ ٌل َ‬

‫آﺧ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻸَ ﱠو ِل َﺷ ْﻲ ٌء َو َﺗ َﻤﺎ ُم ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة ا ْﻟﺪﱠ َﻻﻟ ﱠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻛَﺎﻣِﻠ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪َ .٥٧٨‬ﻟﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ َأﺣﺪٌ ﻣﺎ َﻟﻪ ﻟِﺪَ ﱠﻻ ٍل‪ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪) :‬ﺑِﻌﻪ ﺑِ َﻜ َﺬا در ِ‬
‫اﻫ َﻢ(‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﺑﺎ َﻋ ُﻪ اﻟﺪﱠ ﱠﻻ ُل ﺑِ َﺄ ْز َﻳﺪَ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺎل‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟِﻠﺪﱠ ﱠﻻ ِل ِﺳ َﻮى ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ِة‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻣِﻦ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟ َﻔ ْﻀ ُﻞ َأﻳﻀًﺎ ﻟِﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻴﻊ َأ ْو ُر ﱠد ﺑِ َﻌ ْﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺒﻴﻊ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َأ ْﺧﺬ ا ْﻟﺪﱠ َﻻﻟ ﱠﻴﺔ َأ َﺟ ْﺮ َﺗ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﺿﺒِ َﻂ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺒِ ُ‬
‫‪َ .٥٧٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﻇ َﻬ َﺮ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱞﻖ ﻟ َ‬
‫َﻻ ُﺗ ْﺴﺘ ََﺮ ﱡد ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة ا ْﻟﺪﱠ َﻻﻟ ﱠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎد ِﻫ ْﻢ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ار ًا‬

‫ﺎدﻳﻦ ﻟِﻴﺤﺼﺪُ وا َزر َﻋﻪ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻓِﻲ َأر ِﺿ ِﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﻌﺪَ ﺣﺼ ِ‬
‫ََْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َﺣ ﱠﺼ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫‪َ .٥٨٠‬ﻣ ْﻦ ْ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ُﻬ ْﻢ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬوا ﻣِ ْﻦ ْاﻷَ ْﺟ ِﺮ‬ ‫ول ﺑﺮ ٍد َأو ﺑِ َﻘ َﻀ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣِﻨْ ُﻪ إِذا َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ﺎء َ‬ ‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑِﻨ ُُﺰ ِ َ َ ْ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺴ ﱠﻤﻰ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ َار ِﺣ ﱠﺼ ِﺔ َﻣﺎ َﺣ َﺼﺪُ و ُه‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ َأ ْﺧ ُﺬ َأ ْﺟ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﻗِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َﻟ ْﻮ َﻣ ِﺮ َﺿ ْﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ ِﻷَ ِ‬
‫ب اﻟ ﱢﻄ ْﻔ ِﻞ َﻓ ْﺴ ُﺨ َﻬﺎ إ َذا َﻣ ِﺮ َﺿ ْﺖ‬ ‫‪ .٥٨١‬ﻛ ََﻤﺎ َأ ﱠن ﻟِﻠ ﱢﻈ ْﺌ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﺴ َﺦ ْ ِ‬

‫َأ ْو َﺣ َﻤ َﻠ ْﺖ َأ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ْﺬ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺛﺪْ َﻳ َﻬﺎ َأ ْو َﻗﺎ َء َﻟ َﺒﻨ ََﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷٦‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ﺘﻬﻤﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ َوﻇﻴ َﻔﺔ ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮِ َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮِ َو َﺻ َﻼﺣ ﱠﻴ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ﺗ َْﺴ ِﻠﻴ ِﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫ﻮر‬

‫إﺟ َﺎز ِة ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ َو ُر ْﺧ َﺼ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﺑِ َﺄ ْن َﻳﻨْﺘ َِﻔ َﻊ ﺑِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫ﻮر ُﻫ َﻮ ﻋ َﺒ َﺎر ٌة َﻋ ْﻦ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٥٨٢‬ﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫ﺑِ َﻼ َﻣﺎﻧِ ٍﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ .٥٨٣‬إ َذا ا ْﻧ َﻌ َﻘﺪَ ْت ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮر‬ ‫ﻴﺤ ُﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ة َأ ْو ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎ َﻓﺔ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺗ ْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة ﱠ‬
‫ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳﺒ َﻘﻰ ﻓِﻲ ﻳ ِﺪ ِه ﻣﺘ ِﱠﺼﻼً وﻣﺴﺘ َِﻤﺮ ًا إ َﻟﻰ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ِة َأ ْو ِﺧﺘَﺎ ِم‬ ‫َ ُ ْ ّ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺴﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧِ ﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻠ ُﻪ‬

‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ اﺳﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ َأﺣﺪٌ َﻋﺮﺑ ًﺔ ﻟ ِ َﻜ َﺬا ﻣﺪﱠ ًة َأو َﻋ َﻠﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺬ َﻫﺐ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ ْ ََ َ ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٨‬‬

‫ﺤ ﱠﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ف ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤﺪﱠ ِة َأو إ َﻟﻰ َأ ْن ﻳ ِﺼ َﻞ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬‫َأ ْن ﻳﺴ َﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻌﺮﺑ َﺔ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺬﻛُﻮر َة ﻓِﻲ َﻇﺮ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َََ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻮر ِه‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺒِﻬﺎ َأ ْن ﻳﺴ َﺘﻌ ِﻤ َﻠﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ْاﻷَ ْﺛﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ﻓِﻲ ُأ ُﻣ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َْ ْ َ‬ ‫َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ﻟ َﺼ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﻻ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْاﻷُ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ ْﻤ ُﻪ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎرﻏًﺎ‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن‬ ‫آﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ ﻣِ ْﻠ َﻜ ُﻪ َوﻛ َ‬
‫‪َ .٥٨٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ َ‬
‫ﺎع ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮن َﻗﺪْ َﺑ َ‬
‫َﻳ ُﻜ َ‬

‫ﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ َء ُه‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﺴ ُﻘ ُﻂ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺑﺪَ ِل‬‫ِ‬

‫‪َ .٥٨٥‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ اﻟﺪﱠ َار‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َﺴ ﱢﻠ ْﻢ ُﺣ ْﺠ َﺮ ًة َو َﺿ َﻊ ﻓ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار ِﺣ ﱠﺼ ِﺔ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﺤ ْﺠ َﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ُﻣ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﺑﺎﻗِﻲ اﻟﺪﱠ ِار‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬
‫ِْ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة َﻳ ْﻌﻨِﻲ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺒ َﻘﻰ ﻟ ِ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‬

‫َأ ْﺧ َﻠﻰ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ اﻟﺪﱠ َار َو َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ َﺗ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ْ ِ‬

‫َﺣ ﱡﻖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ْﺴﺦِ ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷۷‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺗﺼﺮف اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻤﺄﺟﻮر ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬

‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻋ َﻘﺎر ًا‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛ َ‬

‫َﺎن َﻣﻨْ ُﻘﻮ ً‬ ‫إن ﻛ َ‬
‫ﺾ ْ‬‫ﻮر ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٥٨٦‬ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َ‬
‫إﻳﺠ ُﺎر ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫َﻓ َﻼ‪.‬‬

‫ﱠﺎس ِﻵ ِﺟ ٍﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺧﺘِ َﻼ ِ‬

‫ف اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِ ْﻌ َﻤﺎ ُﻟ ُﻪ َواﻧْﺘِ َﻔﺎ ُﻋ ُﻪ ﺑِ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .٥٨٧‬ﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َ‬
‫إﻳﺠ ُﺎر َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ َﺘ َﻔ َ‬
‫ﺎو ْت ْ‬
‫ﻮر ِﻵ َﺧ َﺮ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ﺑِﺈِ َﺟ َﺎر ٍة‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ ٍ‬
‫‪ .٥٨٨‬ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ﺑِﺈِ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻓﺎﺳﺪَ ة إ َذا َ‬
‫آﺟ َﺮ َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬
‫ﻴﺤ ٍﺔ َﺟ َﺎز‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻﺤ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫إﺟ َﺎر ًة َﻻ ِز َﻣﺔً‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َأ َﺟ َﺮ ُه َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ‬ ‫آﺟ َﺮ َأ َﺣﺪٌ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ُﻣﺪﱠ ٍة َﻣ ْﻌ ُﻠﻮ َﻣ ٍﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٨٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ َة َﻣ ﱠﺮ ًة َﺛﺎﻧِ َﻴ ًﺔ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ ِه َﻻ َﺗﻨْ ُﻔ ُﺬ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻧِ َﻴ ُﺔ َو َﻻ ُﺗ ْﻌ َﺘ َﺒ ُﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮن ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ َﻧﺎﻓِﺬ ًا َﺑ ْﻴ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ‬

‫ون إ ْذ ِن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫‪َ .٥٩٠‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎع ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﺟﻮر ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫ُ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ‬
‫ُ َْ‬ ‫ِ َ‬
‫َﺎع َﻋ ْﻦ ِاﻻ ْﺷﺘِ َﺮ ِاء‪ ،‬ﱠإﻻ َأ ْن‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎرة َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻟ ُﻪ اﻻ ْﻣﺘﻨ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﺦ‬ ‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠﺐ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي َﺗﺴﻠِﻴﻢ ا ْﻟﻤﺒِﻴ ِﻊ ﻣِﻦ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﺋِ ِﻊ َﻗﺒ َﻞ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أن‬‫ﻟﻠﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﺮي ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ُ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎﺿﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ ﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِم إ ْﻣ َﻜﺎن َﺗ ْﺴﻠِﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬه َ‬
‫ﻮن ﻧَﺎﻓِﺬ ًا‬
‫ﺐ َﻓ ْﺴ َﺦ اﻟ َﺒﻴ ِﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ُﺣ ُﻀﻮر ا ْﻟ َﺤﺎﻛِﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َأ َﺟ َﺎز ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻊ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬
‫َﻳ ْﻄ ُﻠ َ‬
‫ﻮر ﻣِ ْﻦ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ِﺼ ْﻞ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻘﺪَ ُار َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﻲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ ﻛ ﱟُﻞ ﻣﻨ ُْﻬ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﻜ ْﻦ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺆ َﺧ ُﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن َأ ْﻋ َﻄﺎ ُه َﻧ ْﻘﺪ ًا‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ َﺳ ﱠﻠ َﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ُﺮ‬ ‫َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﻮﻓِ ِﻪ ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺑﺪَ ِل ْ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻊ اﺑﺘﺪا ًء‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺰ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ ِ‬

‫َﺄﺟ ُﺮ اﻟ َﺒ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟﻮر َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ اﺳﺘِﻴ َﻔﺎﺋِ ِﻪ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺳ َﻘ َﻂ َﺣ ﱡﻖ َﺣ ْﺒ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪ ،‬إذا ﻟﻢ ُﻳ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪.‬‬‫ﻮن ُ‬‫ﺎرﻳﺦِ اﻟ ﱠﺒﻴﻊِ‪ ،‬ﻓ َﺒﺪَ ل اﻹﺟﺎرة َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻣِ ْﻦ َﺗ ِ‬

‫‪۱۷۸‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺮد اﻟﻤﺄﺟﻮر و إﻋﺎدﺗﻪ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮر ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ْ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٩١‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ َر ْﻓ ُﻊ َﻳ ِﺪ ِه َﻋ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬

‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮر ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ْ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٩٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ َ ْ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ُة َو َأ َرا َد ْاﻵ ِﺟ ُﺮ َﻗ ْﺒ َﺾ َﻣﺎﻟ ِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ َﺮ َﺗ ْﺴﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻤ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ .٥٩٣‬ﻟﻮ ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ِْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮر وإِ َﻋﺎد ُﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ َأ ْن ﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ َﺬه ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٩٤‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ َﺮ َر ﱡد ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ َ َ ُ َ َ ُ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة‪.‬‬
‫ِْ‬

‫ﺎب إ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ َو َﺗ َﺴ ﱡﻠ ُﻤ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ ا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻀ ْﺖ إﺟﺎر ُة د ٍار‪ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم ﺻ ِ‬

‫ﺎﺣ َﺒ َﻬﺎ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٤٩‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻮﺟﺪَ ُﻫﻨ َ‬
‫َﺎك‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ ْﺮ َت َدا ﱠﺑ ًﺔ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻤﺤ ﱢﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧ ﱢﻲ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم َﺻﺎﺣ َﺒ َﻬﺎ َأ ْن ُﻳ َ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٠‬‬

‫َﺎك‪ ،‬و َﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘَﻠِﻤﻬﺎ و َﺗ ْﻠ ِﻔ ْﺖ ﻓِﻲ ﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬

‫ون‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻮﺟﺪْ ُﻫﻨ َ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َو َﻳﺘ ََﺴ ﱠﻠ َﻤ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ َﺮ َﻫﺎ ﻟ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎب إ َﻟﻰ َﻣﺤ ﱟﻞ ُﻣ َﻌ ﱠﻴ ٍﻦ‪َ ،‬و ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟﻮ ِع‬ ‫ﻠﺬ َﻫ ِ‬ ‫َﺗ َﻌﺪﱢ ﻳﻪ َو َﺗ ْﻘﺼ ِﻴﺮه َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪َ .‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا ْ‬
‫ﺤ ﱢﻞ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﺮ ﱠد َﻫﺎ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َأ ْﺣ َﻀ َﺮ َﻫﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َد ِار ِه‬
‫ﻣِﻨْﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َأ ْن ﻳﺮد َﻫﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ا ْﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َُ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ‬
‫َو َﺗﻠِ َﻔ ْﺖ َﺿ ِﻤ َﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻮر َوإِ َﻋﺎ َد ُﺗ ُﻪ إ َﻟﻰ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﻞ َوا ْﻟ َﻤ ُﺌﻮﻧ َِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺄ ْﺟ َﺮ ُة َﻧ ْﻘﻠِ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫َﺎج َر ﱡد ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ِ‬
‫اﺣﺘ َ‬
‫‪ .٥٩٥‬إن ْ‬

‫‪۱۷۹‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎن ﱠ َ‬
‫ﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ َو َﻋﺪَ ِﻣ ِﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻮا ﱢد ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻌ ﱢﻠ َﻘ ِﺔ ﺑِ ُﻠﺰُو ِم َﺿ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِﻪ ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰم َﻋ َﻠﻴﻪ َأﺟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺜﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٥٩٦‬إذا اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤﻞ َﺷ ْﺨﺺ ا ْﻟﻤ َﺎل ﺑِﻼ إ ْذ ِن ﺻ ِ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٌ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ ََﺮ َك ﺑِﻼ إِذن ﱡ‬
‫ﺮﻛﺎء اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮف واﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ أﺣﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﺸ َﺮ َﻛﺎء ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل ُ‬
‫‪ .٥٩٧‬إذا ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﺿﺮﻳ َﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا أو َﻏﺎﺋِﺒﻴ َﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﺴﺘ ََﺤ ﱡﻘﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺪﱠ ًة ﻣﻌﻴﻨَﺔً‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ْﻟ ُﺸﺮ َﻛﺎء اﻵﺧﺮون‪ ،‬ﺣ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َﱠ‬
‫ف واﻻﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎل ُﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼً ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘ َﱠﺼ ﱡﺮ َ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎل اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘُﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﺄوﻳ ِﻞ اﻟ َﻌﻘﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﰲ َ‬ ‫‪ .٥٩٨‬ﻻ َﻳ َﻠﺰم‬

‫ﺨﺺ دﻛﱠﺎﻧَﻪ ﺑِﻼ إ ْذ ِن َﺷ ِﺮﻳﻜِ ِﻪ اﻟﺬي َﻳ ْﻤﻠِ ُﻚ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﱡ ﻛﱠﺎن ُﻣﺸﺘ ََﺮﻛًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺎع َﺷ ٌ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً‪ :‬إذا َﺑ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥١‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬وﻳﺮﻳﺪ أن‬

‫ﺠﻴﺰ َ‬ ‫أن اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻻ ُﻳ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ َِﺮي ُﻣﺪﱠ ًة ﻣﻌ ﱠﻴﻨَﺔ ﺛﻢ َﺗ َﺒﻴﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺗﺼ َﺮف ُ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أﺟ َﺮﺗِﻪ؛ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘَﺮي اﺳ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َذﻟ َﻚ َ‬ ‫ﻷن ُ‬ ‫َﻳﻀﺒِ َﻂ ﺣ ﱠﺼ َﺘ ُﻪ ﻻ ُﻳ َﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑِﺤ ﱠﺼﺔ ْ‬
‫ﻋﺎء )أﻧَﺎ ُﻣﺘ ﱢَﺼﺮف ﺑِﻌ ْﻘﺪ اﻟ َﺒﻴﻊ(‪ ،‬ﻻ َﻳ َﻠﺰ ُم َﺿ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،،‬ﻳﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﺎد ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘ ََﺮ َك ﺑﺘﺄوﻳ ِﻞ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨْ َﻔ َﻌ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎن اﻟﺪﱠ ﻗِ ِ‬‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ُدﻛ َ‬ ‫وﻛ ََﺬا إذا ﺑﺎع أي و ِ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﱰي‬ ‫وﺳ ﱢﻠﻢ ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻖ َﻋﻠﻰ َﺷ ْﺮط أﻧﱠﻪ ﻣ ْﻠ ُﻜ ُﻪ‪ُ ،‬‬ ‫َ َ ﱡ َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٢‬‬

‫ﺴﺘﺤ ٌﻖ ﻟِﺪُ ﻛﱠﺎن‬

‫أن ﺷﺨﺼًﺎ آﺧﺮ ﻣ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﺼﺮف وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻇﻬﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ُﺿﺒِ َﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﱰي‪ ،‬و َﺗ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻬﺬا‬ ‫ﱠﺎن اﻟﺪﱠ ﻗِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﱠ ﻗِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻜﻢ دﻛ َ‬ ‫ﺧﺬ ﻫﺬا اﻷَﺧ ُﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻹ ْﺛ َﺒﺎت ُ‬ ‫ﻴﻖ‪ ،‬و َأ َ‬

‫ﻷن ﻓِﻲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﺸﺘ َِﺮي ﻓِﻲ ُﻣ َﻘﺎﺑِﻞ َﺗ َﺼ ﱡﺮﻓِﻪ ُأ ْﺟ َﺮ َﺗﻪ؛ ﱠ‬
‫ﺄﺧ َﺬ ﻣﻦ ُ‬ ‫ﺺ ﻻ ُﻳ ِﻤ ُﻜﻦ أن َﻳ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﺨ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺪُ َﺗ ُ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺄوﻳﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﱠﺼﺮف ﻣﻦ َﺷﺮﻳﻚ آﺧﺮ ُﻳ َ‬
‫ﻌﻤﺎل واﻟﺘ ﱡ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘ َ‬
‫ْ‬

‫‪۱۸۰‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫ون إ ْذ ِن َوﻟ ِ ﱢﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﺑ َﻠ َﻎ َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬ َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ﻣِ ْﺜ ِﻞ ِﺧﺪْ َﻣﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻮ‬
‫َﺨﺪَ م َأﺣﺪٌ ﺻ ِﻐﻴﺮ ًا ﺑِﺪُ ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥٩٩‬ﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺼﻐ ُﻴﺮ َﻓﻠ َﻮ َر َﺛﺘﻪ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺄ ُﺧ ُﺬوا َأ ْﺟ َﺮ ﻣ ْﺜ ِﻞ ﺗ ْﻠ َﻚ ا ْﻟ ُﻤﺪﱠ ة ﻣ ْﻦ َذﻟ َﻚ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﺗ ُﻮ ﱢﻓ َﻲ ﱠ‬

‫‪۱۸۱‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬

‫اﻹﺟﺎر ِة ﺻ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر َأ َﻣﺎ َﻧ ٌﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‪ْ ،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺤًﺎ َأ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎن َﻋ ْﻘﺪُ ْ ِ َ َ َ‬
‫إن ﻛ َ‬ ‫‪ .٦٠٠‬ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫ﻮر ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﻴﺮ ِه َأ ْو‬ ‫ﺎن إ َذا َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٦٠١‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬

‫ﻳﻪ َأ ْو ُﻣ َﺨﺎ َﻟ َﻔﺘِ ِﻪ ﻟ ِ َﻤ ْﺄ ُذوﻧِ ﱠﻴﺘِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫َﺗﻌﺪﱢ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘِ ِﻪ ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼ ٌ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر َأ ْو َﻃ َﺮ َأ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻗ َ‬ ‫ﺎن َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬ ‫‪َ .٦٠٢‬ﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺑِ َﺘﻌﺪﱢ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ َﺿﺮب ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ داﺑ َﺔ ا ْﻟﻜِﺮ ِاء َﻓﻤﺎ َﺗ ْﺖ ﻣِﻨْﻪ‪َ ،‬أو ﺳﺎ َﻗﻬﺎ ﺑِﻌﻨ ٍ‬
‫ْﻒ َو ِﺷﺪﱠ ٍة َﻫ َﻠ َﻜ ْﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٣‬‬

‫ﻴﻤﺘِ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻟ ِﺰﻣﻪ َﺿﻤ ُ ِ‬

‫ﺎن ﻗ َ‬ ‫َُ َ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﺮ َر َوا ْﻟ َﺨ َﺴ َﺎر َة ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ‬ ‫ف ا ْﻟﻤﻌﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺎد َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬
‫‪ .٦٠٣‬ﺣﺮ َﻛ ُﺔ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺧ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫َﺗﺘ ََﻮ ﱠﻟﺪُ َﻣ َﻌ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ف َﻋﺎ َد ِة اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َو َﺑﻠِ َﻴ ْﺖ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟﻮ اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤ َﻞ اﻟ ﱢﺜﻴﺎب ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜﺮ َاﻫﺎ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ِﺧ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٤‬‬

‫ﺎل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ‬

‫إﺷ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر ﺣ ِﺮ ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ْ‬‫ﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﺴ َﺒ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻖ ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﻮر ُة ﺑِ ُﻈ ُﻬ ِ َ‬
‫اﺣﺘ ََﺮ َﻗ ْﺖ اﻟﺪﱠ ُار ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ َ‬
‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٥‬‬

‫اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر َأ ْز َﻳﺪَ ﻣِ ْﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ‬

‫ﺎس‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻴﻤﺘِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻮر ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻘﺼ ِﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ِﺮ ﻓﻲ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َﺤﺎ َﻓ َﻈﺔ َأ ْو َﻃ َﺮ َأ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ﻗ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٦٠٤‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺗﻠِ َ‬
‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺄ ُﺟ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎن َﻟ ِﺰ َم ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬ ‫ُﻧ ْﻘ َﺼ ٌ‬

‫ﻣﺤ ﱟﻞ َﺧﺎﻟِﻴﺔ ا ْﻟ ﱠﺮأس‪َ ،‬و َﺿﺎ َﻋ ْﺖ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬

‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺗ َﺮ َك ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ َﺟ ُﺮ َدا ﱠﺑ َﺔ ا ْﻟﻜ َﺮاء ﻓﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٦‬‬

‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ َ‬
‫ﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫‪ .٦٠٥‬ﻣ َﺨﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﻣ ْﺄ ُذوﻧِﻴ َﺘﻪ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘﱠﺠﺎو ِز إ َﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ َﻓﻮ َق ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺮ ِ‬
‫وط ُﺗ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫وط َأ ْو ﻣِ ْﺜﻠِ ِﻪ َﻻ ُﺗ ِ‬
‫ون ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺸﺮ ِ‬ ‫َو َأ ﱠﻣﺎ ُﻣ َﺨﺎ َﻟ َﻔ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻌﺪُ ِ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُﺒ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ول إ َﻟﻰ َﻣﺎ ُد َ َ ُ‬

‫‪۱۸۲‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
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‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﻟ ْﻮ َﺣ َﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ُﺮ ﻛَﺬا ُأ ﱢﻗﻴ َﺔ َﺣﺪﻳﺪ َﻋ َﻠﻰ َدا ﱠﺑﺔ ْ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ ْﻜ َﺮ َاﻫﺎ َﻷَ ْن ُﻳ َﺤ ﱢﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻜﺬا ُأ ﱢﻗﻴ َﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٧‬‬

‫ﺎو َﻳ ًﺔ ﻟِﻠﺪﱡ ْﻫ ِﻦ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﻀ ﱠﺮ ِة َأ ْو‬

‫َﺳ ْﻤ ٍﻦ َو َﻋﻄِ َﺒ ْﺖ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َﺣ ﱠﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ُﺣ ُﻤﻮ َﻟ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﺴ ِ‬

‫ﻒ َو َﻋﻄِ َﺒ ْﺖ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬
‫َأ َﺧ ﱠ‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻛ ََﻤﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫‪ .٦٠٦‬ﻳﺒ َﻘﻰ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﺟﻮر ﻛَﺎ ْﻟﻮ ِدﻳﻌ ِﺔ َأﻣﺎ َﻧ ًﺔ ﻓِﻲ ﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ْ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ َ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة َو َﺗﻠِ َ‬ ‫ﺎء ُﻣﺪﱠ ِة ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺑِﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻮ اﺳ َﺘﻌﻤ َﻞ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟﺮ ا ْﻟﻤ ْﺄﺟﻮر ﺑﻌﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ ُ َ ُ َ َْ‬ ‫ْ ْ َْ‬ ‫ً‬
‫اﻹ َﺟ َﺎر ِة ﻣِ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ َو َﻟ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﻳ ْﻀﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻟﻮ َﻃ َﻠﺐ ْاﻵ ِﺟﺮ ﻣﺎ َﻟﻪ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ اﻧ ِْﻘ َﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺎك َﺗﻠِ َ‬‫اﻹﻣﺴ ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﻒ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻳ ْﻌﻄﻪ إ ﱠﻳﺎ ُه‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ ْ ِ ْ َ‬

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 ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻵﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫*‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎن اﻷﺟﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻴﻪ ﺑِ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ ي ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ َأ ْو َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﻴﺮ ِه َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻒ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٦٠٧‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺗﻠ َ ُ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٦٠٨‬ﺗ َﻌﺪﱢ ي ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ َﻋ َﻤﻼً َأ ْو َﻳﺘ ََﺤ ﱠﺮ َك َﺣ َﺮ َﻛ ًﺔ ُﻣ َﺨﺎﻟ َﻔ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻦ ﻷَ ْﻣ ِﺮ ْاﻵ ِﺟ ِﺮ َﺻ َﺮ َ‬
‫اﺣ ًﺔ َأ ْو‬

‫َد َﻻ َﻟ ًﺔ‬

‫اب ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ‬ ‫ِِ‬

‫ﺎص‪ْ ) :‬ار َع َﻫﺬه اﻟﺪﱠ َو ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ َﻗ ْﻮ ِل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘ َْﺄ ِﺟ ِﺮ ﻟ ﱠﻠﺮاﻋﻲ ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُﻫ َﻮ َأ ِﺟ ٌﻴﺮ َﺧ ﱞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٨‬‬

‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫آﺧ َﺮ(‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺮ َﻋ َﻬﺎ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ َذﻟ َﻚ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺤ ﱢﻞ َو َذ َﻫ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َ‬
‫ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻼﻧ ﱢﻲ َو َﻻ َﺗ ْﺬ َﻫ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻀ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫اب ِﻋﻨْﺪَ َر ْﻋﻴِ َﻬﺎ ُﻫﻨ َ‬
‫َﺎك َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُم ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن ُﻣ َﺘ َﻌﺪﱢ ﻳًﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻋﻄ َﺒ ْﺖ اﻟﺪﱠ َو ﱡ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺎ َﻳ ُﻜ ُ‬ ‫إ َﻟﻰ َﻣ َﺤ ﱟﻞ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮ َو َر َﻋ َ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠﻰ اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫اﻋﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫إن َﺧ َﺮ َج َﻗ َﺒﺎ ًء‪َ ،‬ﻓ ﱢﺼ ْﻠ ُﻪ(‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺎط‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻟﻮ َأ ْﻋ َﻄﻰ َأﺣﺪٌ ُﻗﻤﺎﺷًﺎ إ َﻟﻰ َﺧﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎط َو َﻗ َﺎل‪ْ ) :‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٥٩‬‬

‫) َﻳ ْﺨ ُﺮ ُج(‪َ ،‬و َﻓ ﱠﺼ َﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺨ ُﺮ ْج اﻟ َﻘ َﺒﺎء َﻃ ِﻮﻳﻼً‪َ ،‬ﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْن ُﻳ َﻀ ﱢﻤ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱠﻴ َ‬

‫ﺎط ا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﻤ ُ‬
‫ﺎش‪.‬‬
‫‪َ .٦٠٩‬ﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼﻴﺮ ْاﻷَ ِﺟ ِﻴﺮ ُﻫﻮ ُﻗﺼﻮره ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟﻤﺤﺎ َﻓ َﻈ ِﺔ َﻋ َﻠﻰ ا ْﻟﻤﺴﺘ َْﺄﺟ ِﺮ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ ﺑِ َﻼ ُﻋ ْﺬ ٍر‪.‬‬ ‫ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺎع ﻟ ِ َﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﻼً َوإِ ْﻫ َﻤﺎ ً‬
‫ﻻ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻀ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻣ َﺜﻼً إ َذا َﻓ ﱠﺮ ﻣ ْﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻘﻄﻴ ِﻊ َر ْأ ُس َﻏﻨ ٍَﻢ ﻟ َﻌﺪَ ِم َﻟ َﺤﺎق ا ﱠﻟﺮاﻋﻲ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻜ ُ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪.٢٦٠‬‬

‫اﺣﺘِ َﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫اﻋﻲ ﻟ ِ َﺘ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﻴﺮ ِه‪َ .‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ إ َذا ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ﻋَﺪَ ُم َﻟ َﺤﺎﻗﻪ َﻟ ُﻪ ﻧَﺎﺷﺌًﺎ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻏ َﻠ َﺒﺔ ْ‬
‫ر ْأس ا ْﻟ َﻐﻨ َِﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻴ ْﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺮ ِ‬
‫َ َ ُ ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﺿﻴﺎ ِع ا ْﻟ َﻐﻨ َِﻢ ا ْﻟﺒﺎﻗِﻴ ِﺔ َﻻ ﻳ ْﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺿﻤ ٌ ِ‬
‫ﺎن؛ ﻷَ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﺬ ٌ‬
‫ور‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ َ َ ُُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﺎص َأﻣِﻴ ٌﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻬﺎﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺑِ َﻴ ِﺪ ِه ﺑِ َﻐ ْﻴ ِﺮ ُﺻﻨ ِْﻌ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ََﺬﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ‬
‫‪ْ .٦١٠‬اﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ﱡ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﻤ َﺎل ا ْﻟ َﻬﺎﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤﻠِ ِﻪ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗ َﻌﺪﱟ ‪.‬‬
‫َﺎن ﺑِ َﺘﻌﺪﱢ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ َﺮ َر َوا ْﻟ َﺨ َﺴﺎﺋِ َﺮ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﺗ َﻮ ﱠﻟﺪَ ْت َﻋ ْﻦ ﻓِ ْﻌﻠِ ِﻪ َو َو ْﺻ ِﻔ ِﻪ ْ‬
‫‪ْ .٦١١‬اﻷَ ِﺟ ُﻴﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘ ََﺮ ُك َﻳ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﻪ‬ ‫إن ﻛ َ َ‬
‫َو َﺗ ْﻘ ِﺼ ِﻴﺮ ِه‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُﻜ ْﻦ‪.‬‬

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