How to function in the field, and

how to reduce the data?

Pemetaan Geologi Struktur

(Bagian 2)
Geologi Struktur
Kekar
Fossen, 2010
Sesar...
Mengetahui pergerakan sesar dari slickenside
Petit, 1987 dalam Fossen, 2010
PREPARING GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONS
Steps in Constructing Cross-Sections
• First, select a line of section that is strategically placed along
a line that trends east2west, perpendicular to the trend of
the faults, and perpendicular to the trend of the rock
formations and the major unconformity.
Steps in Constructing Cross-Sections
• Next, construct a topographic profile along the line
of section and transferring and labeling each of the
topographic contour lines that crosses the line of
section as well.
Steps in Constructing Cross-Sections
• lay the work sheet once again along the line of section, and this time
transfer and label the control points where the contacts for each
formation crosses the line of section, and the control point where the
faults cross the line of section. Using a protractor, plot tiny control lines
from each of the respective control points
Correcting for Apparent Dip
The Schmidt net
DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAULTS
TO PRINCIPAL STRESS DIRECTIONS
Interpreting Fault Orientations from Stress Directions
DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAULTS
TO PRINCIPAL STRESS DIRECTIONS
Interpreting Fault Orientations from Stress Directions
Using Faults to Interpret Stress
Using Faults to Interpret Stress
CARRYING OUT JOINT ANALYSIS
Establishing Structural Domains
DETERMINATION OF SLIP ON FAULTS
Using Slickensides and Grooves as Guides to Slip
Using Drag Folds as Guides to Slip
Using Gash Fractures and Tight Drag Folds as Guides
to Slip
Hubungan antara pergerakan sesar dengan struktur penyerta
RANGE OF FOLDS

15º
RL
FOLDS
45º

RANGE OF GASH
GASH FRACTURES

º
FRACTURES

75
SHEAR

º
45
FRACTURES

LL

(a) (b)

a. Hubungan antara pergerakan sesar dengan struktur penyerta berupa gash

fracture, shear fracture dan micro fold
b. Hubungan besarnya sudut yang dibentuk antara struktur penyerta dengan sesar
Pola kekar regangan yang dapat dipakai untuk menentukan gerak sesar.

Grain boundaries

Main fault

1.0 mm.

(a)

Pinnate fractures

Main fault

100 m.

(b)
 N N

Sumbu
GF

(a) (b)
5 15 0 8
GF : N250ºE / 32º Bidang sumbu
4 12%
N160ºE / 60º
0 10 20%

N
O

GF

W E
(c)
Sesar
Slip N180ºE /40º

Bidang sumbu
lipatan

(d)

SLIP : 26º, N214ºE & RAKE 40º

REVERSE RIGHT SLIP FAULT
 N N

Penentuan gerak
sesar dari struktur
penyerta

Sumbu
GF

(a) (b)
5 15 0 8
GF : N250ºE / 32º Bidang sumbu
4 12%
N160ºE / 60º
0 10 20%

N
O

GF

W E
(c)
Sesar
Slip N180ºE /40º

Bidang sumbu
lipatan

(d)

SLIP : 26º, N214ºE & RAKE 40º

REVERSE RIGHT SLIP FAULT
Penentuan gerak sesar dari struktur penyerta

Sudut lancip antara

GF dan Sesar
 N
(a) GF

SF

30º

0 4 8 W E
GF : N106ºE / 76º
2 6 10% SF : N76ºE / 60º
(b)

(c) N

Sesar Slip
N33ºE / 70º

GF
SF
 Penentuan tegasan s1, s2, s3, dari pasangan sesar geser
N N

N s3
s2
s2
F. N 20, N50ºW
s3

90º
54
W 19, N48ºE
/7
8E

32º
F. N
s1

24
W
s 1 61, N3ºE

/4

32º
2S
W
Penentuan gerak sesar dari tegasan utama
N N
s1
s2

N
s1 20, N61ºW s1
W
58S
E/
0º
N6 Arah gerak
F.
s2
90º

s3 s3
s3 54, S1ºE

Penentuan gerak sesar dari tension gash

N N

T N
90º

Striation

Arah gerak
Sesar
Kekar
Lipatan
Fossen, 2010
N

PRIMARY - STRESS DIRECTION

PRIMARY 1 st ORDER WRENCH

(RIGHT LATERAL) COMPLEMENTARY - 1st ORDER WRENCH
(LEFT LATERAL)

2 nd ORDER DRAG FOLD g 2 nd ORDER RIGHT

LATERAL WRENCH

2 nd ORDER LEFT LATERAL b

WRENCH b

b
b b b
30º
LEFT LATERAL
3 rd ORDER
RIGHT LATERAL

g 2 nd ORDER LEFT
LEFT LATERAL b LATERAL WRENCH
rd
3 ORDER
b
RIGHT LATERAL

2nd ORDER RIGHT LATERAL

nd
WRENCH 2 ORDER DRAG FOLD
nd
3 ORDER DRAG FOLD
g

st
PRIMARY 1 ORDER WRENCH
PRIMARY - FOLD DIRECTION (RIGHT LATERAL)

WHERE : a = 0º
b = 30º
PRIMARY - STRESS DIRECTION g = 15º

Model urutan pola struktur menurut

Moody dan Hill (1956).
 E

C
S
LT
U
FA
E
ERS
V
RE

60
º -
70
º
R
O
H SY
US NT
HE
TR S
T IC
LD ST R
IKE
FO

STRIKE - SLIP
FA - SL
ULT IP

FAULT
NO
R
M
A
LF
AU
LT

SYNTHETIC
S

- O Mission of
"P" fracture
C - Vector of compression
derived from wrenching
E - Vector of extension derived
from wrenching

Model “Simple Shear” menurut Harding (1973).

1

A B
a

2
Simple and Pure Shear

pure and simple shear are scale-dependent concepts.

deformation can be considered as simple shear on one scale and as pure

shear on a larger scale. The opposite can also be the case.

Fossen, 2010 – chapter 2.28

Tahapan dalam mempelajari Geologi Struktur:
• Deskriptif (Geometri)
- Bentuk, Ukuran, Kedudukan, Orientasi.
• Kinematika
- Perubahan ; Bentuk, Volume, Arah/Posisi
• Dinamik (Mekanika)
- Proses pengubahan oleh Gaya (Forces)
STUDI KASUS
• STRUKTUR DI LITOLOGI YANG BERBEDA UMUR
• PEMETAAN DI LAPANGAN
STRUKTUR DI LITOLOGI YANG BERBEDA UMUR

A
Pemetaan Geologi Struktur
Pemetaan Geologi Struktur
Pemetaan Geologi Struktur
Pemetaan Geologi Struktur
Pemetaan Geologi Struktur
Pemetaan Geologi Struktur
Fossen, 2010
N

PRIMARY - STRESS DIRECTION

PRIMARY 1 st ORDER WRENCH

(RIGHT LATERAL) COMPLEMENTARY - 1st ORDER WRENCH
(LEFT LATERAL)

2 nd ORDER DRAG FOLD g 2 nd ORDER RIGHT

LATERAL WRENCH

2 nd ORDER LEFT LATERAL b

WRENCH b

b
b b b
30º
LEFT LATERAL
3 rd ORDER
RIGHT LATERAL

g 2 nd ORDER LEFT
LEFT LATERAL b LATERAL WRENCH
rd
3 ORDER
b
RIGHT LATERAL

2nd ORDER RIGHT LATERAL

nd
WRENCH 2 ORDER DRAG FOLD
nd
3 ORDER DRAG FOLD
g

st
PRIMARY 1 ORDER WRENCH
PRIMARY - FOLD DIRECTION (RIGHT LATERAL)

WHERE : a = 0º
b = 30º
PRIMARY - STRESS DIRECTION g = 15º

Model urutan pola struktur menurut

Moody dan Hill (1956).
 E

C
S
LT
U
FA
E
ERS
V
RE

60
º -
70
º
R
O
H SY
US NT
HE
TR S
T IC
LD ST R
IKE
FO

STRIKE - SLIP
FA - SL
ULT IP

FAULT
NO
R
M
A
LF
AU
LT

SYNTHETIC
S

- O Mission of
"P" fracture
C - Vector of compression
derived from wrenching
E - Vector of extension derived
from wrenching

Model “Simple Shear” menurut Harding (1973).

Kekar terkait lipatan
Kekar terkait lipatan
Kekar terkait lipatan
Terima kasih...
Ada pertanyaan?
FRACTURE
Fossen, 2010
Kekar terkait lipatan
Kekar terkait lipatan
Kekar terkait lipatan
Kekar terkait lipatan

e = extension fracture
s = shear fracture
Kekar Tarik
Kekar Tarik
Kekar jenis lainnya
Exhumation: Exfoliation
FAULT
Mengetahui pergerakan sesar dari slickenside
Petit, 1987 dalam Fossen, 2010
SESAR
Sesar

Zona Sesar/Breksiasi
Intensitas Kekar Zona Breksiasi
semakin meningkat sesar
Breksiasi?
Lipatan
Deskripsi/Pencatatan di
Lapangan
Pengantar Geologi Struktur di Lapangan
Deskripsi Singkapan
Deskripsi Singkapan
Deskripsi Singkapan
Sketsa
Sketsa
TABEL DATA SESAR
DATA SESAR MINOR
STRUKTUR BIDANG STRUKTUR GARIS
NO JENIS SESAR
STRIKE DIP ARAH DIP TREND PLUNGE PITCH ARAH PITCH
TABEL DATA KEKAR
DATA KEKAR
KEKAR GERUS KEKAR TARIK
NO
STRIKE DIP ARAH DIP STRIKE DIP ARAH DIP
TABEL DATA LIPATAN
DATA LIPATAN
STRUKTUR BIDANG STRUKTUR GARIS
NO
STRIKE DIP ARAH DIP TREND PLUNGE
Tabel data Foliasi

DATA FOLIASI
NO STRIKE DIP ARAH DIP
Tabel data Breksiasi

DATA BREKSIASI
NO AZIMUTH