KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA No 2 VIJAYAWADA

SUMMER HOLIDAY WORK FOR CLASS 8

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 80 WORDS

1.Write about the classification of resources.

ANS. Everything available in our environment which can be
used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically
accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can
be termed as Resource.

1.WATER
Water is one of the natural resources found on the earth and
Inside the earth.

2.SOIL
Land is an important resource as human beings live on it and
get most of their needs from the land. It has many resources.
3.LAND
Soil is another important resource. It is necessary for
agriculture, vegetation, industries and human living.

2. write some resource conservation measures.

ANS. 6. Ways to Conserve Natural Resources at Home

1.Use less water.

2.Turn off the lights.
3.Use renewable energy.
4.Recycle.
5.Compost.
6.Choose reusable goods.
7. Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what you throw away.
8.Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. ...
9.Educate. ...
10.Conserve water. ...
11.Choose sustainable. ...
12.Shop wisely. ...
13.Use long-lasting light bulbs. ...
14.Plant a tree.

3. how trade led to battles.

ANS. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth; the ruler of England; gave a
charter to the East India Company. The charter granted the
Company the sole right to trade with the East and no other
English trading group could compete with it in the East. In those
days, mercantile trading companies made profit mainly by
excluding competition. Lack of competition enabled them to
buy cheap and sell dear. India produced fine qualities of
cotton and silk which had a big market in Europe. Various
spices from India; like pepper, cloves, cardamom and
cinnamon; were also in great demand in Europe.
 
4. why the battle of Plassey is incredibly significant in Indian
history.
ANS. Battle of Plassey was a major turning point in modern
Indian history that led to the consolidation of British rule in
India. This battle was fought between the East India Company
headed by Robert Clive and the Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-Ud-
Daulah) and his French Troop. This battle is often termed as the
‘decisive event’ which became the source of ultimate rule of
the British in India. The battle occurred during the late reign of
Mughal empire (called later Mughal Period). Mughal emperor
Alamgir-II was ruling the empire when the Battle of Plassey
took place.

5. why the regulating act of 1773 is significant.

ANS. Regulating Act of 1773 was of great constitutional

importance as it was the first step taken by the British
Government to control and regulate the affairs of East India
Company in India and also recognised the political and
administrative functions of the Company for the first time. The
chaotic situation brought about by the misgovernment of
Bengal forced the British parliament to enquire into the
affairs of the East India Company. This revealed gross
malpractices of the senior officials of the company.
 
6. history is not about dates or the names, but it is about events
and memories of the past struggles. Explain the statement.

ANS. it's is not boring but interesting. yes it's full or dates but it
also tell us the past like a story.
history tell about our past.
how people live in past ,how festivals are celebrated in that
time.
before constitution made how was people's life, who rule on
country and some interesting fact.
it tell us and motivate us by telling struggle story of our
soldiers.
it tell about our proud hero's so that we also learn from them
and do something big or good.

7. what are the factors responsible for the land degradation.

ANS. Some of the factors responsible for land degradation are
(i) loss of vegetation occuring due to deforestation (ii)
unsustainable fuel wood and fodder  extraction (iii)
shifting cultivation (iv) encroachment into forest lands (v) forest
fires and over grazing (vi) non-adoption of adequate
soil conservation measures (vii) improper crop rotation (viii)
indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals such as fertilisers
and pesticides (ix) improper planning and management of
irrigation systems (x) extraction of ground water in the
competing uses of land for forestry, agriculture, pastures,
human settlements and industries.

8. write a brief note on legacy of Tippu Sultan.

ANS. Tipu Sultan was born on November 20, 1750, to military
officer Hyder Ali of the Kingdom of Mysore and his wife, Fatima
Fakhr-un-Nisa. They named him Fath Ali but also called him
Tipu Sultan after a local Muslim saint, Tipu Mastan Aulia. Tipu
Sultan (November 20, 1750–May 4, 1799) is remembered by
many in India and Pakistan as a heroic freedom fighter and
warrior-king. He was the last ruler in India strong enough to
dictate terms to the British East India Company. Known as
the "Tiger of Mysore," he fought long and hard, although
ultimately unsuccessfully, to preserve his country's
independence.

9. what are the main reasons for British Afghan wars.

ANS. The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between
the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to
1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking
sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost
Mohammad (Barakzai) and former emir Shah Shujah (Durrani),
whom they installed upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The
main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh
winters. The force and its camp followers, were almost completely
destroyed during the 1842 retreat from Kabul.
.
10. what changes took place in army after the decline of
Mughal empire.

ANS. The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which

the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 15th century
and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th
century. Although its origins, like the Mughals themselves, were in
the cavalry-based armies of central Asia, its essential form and
structure was established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar.
The army had no regimental structure and the soldiers were
not directly recruited by the emperor. Instead, individuals, such
as nobles or local leaders, would recruit their own troops,
referred to as a mansab, and contribute them to the army.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 50 WORDS

11. the distribution of resources is depending on?

ANS. The distribution of natural resources depends upon
number of physical factors like terrain, climate and altitude.
The distribution of resources is unequal because these factors
differ so much over the earth. Sometimes, natural substances
become resources only when their original form has been
changed.
12. what is soil erosion?

ANS. In this process, the soil particles are loosened or

washed away in the valleys, oceans, rivers, streams or far
away lands. This has been worsening due to human
activities such as agriculture and deforestation.
Soil erosion is a continuous process that occurs either
slowly or at an alarming rate. It results in a continuous
loss of topsoil, ecological degradation, soil collapse, etc.

13. why did the Britishers maintained the administrative

records.
ANS. The British felt that all the important letters and
documents must be carefully preserved. So they set up
record rooms attached to administrative institutions, and
institutions such as archives and museums were also
established for preserving records. Official records of the
British administration serve as important source of history of
this period. The British rulers believed that every instruction,
plan, policy, decision, agreement, investigation should be
clearly written up. 

14. what is Doctrine of Lapse.

ANS. The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by
the British East India Company in India before 1858. ... The
policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who
was the Governor General for the East India Company in India
between 1848 and 1856.

15. protection of natural vegetation and wildlife is the need of

the hour. Explain the statement.
ANS. Forests are referred to as the lungs of the Earth. These
absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release
oxygen into the atmosphere which we take in while breathing
and later it is used for respiration and other processes by our
body. They play a vital role in maintaining the clouds and in
turn the rainfall pattern, humidity, climate stability, and air
quality.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 30 WORDS

16. what is Colonialism.

ANS. Colonialism is the practice of one country taking full or
partial political control of another country and occupying it with
settlers for purposes of profiting from its resources and
economy. 

17. what is Calligraphy.

ANS. Calligraphists are those who are specialized in the art of
fine handwriting. In the early years of the nineteenth century,
when the use of printing was not that common, these
calligraphists were appointed to carefully copy these
documents and write them beautifully.

18. what is company paramountcy.

ANS. Governor General Lord Hastings (1813-1823)

initiated a new policy of paramountcy. According to this
policy, the Company claimed that its authority was
paramount or supreme. It could annex or threaten to
annex any Indian kingdom to protect its interests.

19. what is subsidiary alliance.

ANS. The Subsidiary Alliance was a treaty between the British
East India Company and the princely Indian states, which
forced the Indian kingdoms to surrender their authority to the
English.

20. what are landslides.

ANS. A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass
of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a
type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope
movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of
gravity.

PROJECT WORKS.
1. make a project on the following.
A. conservation of water.
B. plants and their uses.
2. make a project on the culture of Punjab under EBSB.
3. read and write ten sentences in Punjabi language.
4. maintain a scrap book on Salt march and national songs.
5. prepare slogans on Indianfreedom fighters.
Instructions for the holiday homework
1. a separate file should be maintained for the holiday
homework.
2. the project work can be done in handwritten, or you can
make a ppt.
3. the project pages should not exceed more than twenty pages
or slides.
4. if your projects are in digital mode or ppt, you can submit it
to my mail id: lokanadh89@gmail.com
5. all the best.